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Anderson P, Kedersha N, Ivanov P. Stress granules, P-bodies and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:861-70. [PMID: 25482014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are exposed to adverse conditions in the tumor microenvironment, and utilize post-transcriptional control mechanisms to re-program gene expression in ways that enhance cell survival. Stress granules and processing bodies are RNA-containing granules that contribute to this process by modulating cellular signaling pathways, metabolic machinery, and stress response programs. This review examines evidence implicating RNA granules in the pathogenesis of cancer and discusses their potential as targets for anticancer therapies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translation and Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Anderson
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nancy Kedersha
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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202
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Chang YW, Huang YS. Arsenite-activated JNK signaling enhances CPEB4-Vinexin interaction to facilitate stress granule assembly and cell survival. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107961. [PMID: 25237887 PMCID: PMC4169592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are compartmentalized messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) where translationally repressed mRNAs are stored when cells encounter environmental stress. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein (CPEB)4 is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein and translational regulator. In keeping with the results obtained from the study of other RNA-binding proteins, we found CPEB4 localized in SGs in various arsenite-treated cells. In this study, we identified that Vinexin, a CPEB4-interacting protein, is a novel component of SGs. Vinexin is a SH3-domain-containing adaptor protein and affects cell migration through its association with Vinculin to localize at focal adhesions (FAs). Unexpectedly, Vinexin is translocated from FAs to SGs under arsenite-induced stress. The recruitment of Vinexin to SGs depends on its interaction with CPEB4 and influences SG formation and cell survival. Arsenite-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling enhances the association between CPEB4 and Vinexin, which consequently facilitates SG localization of Vinexin. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel interaction between a translational regulator and an adaptor protein to influence SG assembly and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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203
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Protein deep sequencing applied to biobank samples from patients with pancreatic cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:369-80. [PMID: 25216700 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is commonly detected at advanced stages when the tumor is no longer amenable to surgical resection. Therefore, finding biomarkers for early stage disease is urgent. Here, we show that high-definition mass spectrometry (HDMS(E)) can be used to identify serum protein alterations associated with early stage pancreatic cancer. METHODS We analyzed serum samples from patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, benign pancreatic disease, and healthy controls. The SYNAPT G2-Si platform was used in a data-independent manner coupled with ion mobility. The dilution of the samples with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase tryptic digest of known concentration allowed the estimated amounts of each identified protein to be calculated (Silva et al. in Anal Chem 77:2187-2200, 2005; Silva et al. in Mol Cell Proteomics 5:144-156, 2006). A global protein expression comparison of the three study groups was made using label-free quantification and bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS Two-way unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed 134 proteins that successfully classified pancreatic cancer patients from the controls, and identified 40 proteins that showed a significant up-regulation in the pancreatic cancer group. This discrimination reliability was further confirmed by principal component analysis. The differentially expressed candidates were aligned with protein network analyses and linked to biological pathways related to pancreatic tumorigenesis. Pancreatic disease link associations could be made for BAZ2A, CDK13, DAPK1, DST, EXOSC3, INHBE, KAT2B, KIF20B, SMC1B, and SPAG5, by pathway network linkages to p53, the most frequently altered tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION These pancreatic cancer study candidates may provide new avenues of research for a noninvasive blood-based diagnosis for pancreatic tumor stratification.
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204
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Mahboubi H, Stochaj U. Nucleoli and Stress Granules: Connecting Distant Relatives. Traffic 2014; 15:1179-93. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Mahboubi
- Department of Physiology; McGill University; 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler Montreal Quebec H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology; McGill University; 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler Montreal Quebec H3G 1Y6 Canada
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205
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Seguin SJ, Morelli FF, Vinet J, Amore D, De Biasi S, Poletti A, Rubinsztein DC, Carra S. Inhibition of autophagy, lysosome and VCP function impairs stress granule assembly. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1838-51. [PMID: 25034784 PMCID: PMC4227144 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are mRNA-protein aggregates induced during stress, which accumulate in many neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, the autophagy-lysosome pathway and valosin-containing protein (VCP), key players of the protein quality control (PQC), were shown to regulate SG degradation. This is consistent with the idea that PQC may survey and/or assist SG dynamics. However, despite these observations, it is currently unknown whether the PQC actively participates in SG assembly. Here, we describe that inhibition of autophagy, lysosomes and VCP causes defective SG formation after induction. Silencing the VCP co-factors UFD1L and PLAA, which degrade defective ribosomal products (DRIPs) and 60S ribosomes, also impaired SG assembly. Intriguingly, DRIPs and 60S, which are released from disassembling polysomes and are normally excluded from SGs, were significantly retained within SGs in cells with impaired autophagy, lysosome or VCP function. Our results suggest that deregulated autophagy, lysosomal or VCP activities, which occur in several neurodegenerative (VCP-associated) diseases, may alter SG morphology and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Seguin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F F Morelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - J Vinet
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - D Amore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - S De Biasi
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Universita' di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Carra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Universita' di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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206
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Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) modify target proteins post-translationally with poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) or mono(ADP-ribose) (MAR) using NAD(+) as substrate. The best-studied PARPs generate PAR modifications and include PARP1 and the tankyrase PARP5A, both of which are targets for cancer therapy with inhibitors in either clinical trials or preclinical development. There are 15 additional PARPs, most of which modify proteins with MAR, and their biology is less well understood. Recent data identify potentially cancer-relevant functions for these PARPs, which indicates that we need to understand more about these PARPs to effectively target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Vyas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Paul Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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207
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Yuan LJ, Li JD, Zhang L, Wang JH, Wan T, Zhou Y, Tu H, Yun JP, Luo RZ, Jia WH, Zheng M. SPAG5 upregulation predicts poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients and alters sensitivity to taxol treatment via the mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1247. [PMID: 24853425 PMCID: PMC4047857 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) was upregulated in pelvic lymph node metastasis–positive cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to examine the role of SPAG5 in the proliferation and tumorigenicity of cervical cancer and its clinical significance in tumor progression. In our study, SPAG5 expression in cervical cancer patients was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry; cervical cancer cell function with downregulated SPAG5 in vitro was explored using tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry, and colony formation and Transwell assays. SPAG5 was upregulated in tumor tissue compared with paired adjacent noncancerous tissues; SPAG5 upregulation in tumor tissues indicated poor disease-free survival, which was also an independent prognostic indicator for cervical cancer patients. In vitro study demonstrated that SPAG5 downregulation inhibited cell proliferation and growth significantly by G2/M arrest and induction of apoptosis, and hindered cell migration and invasion. Under SPAG5 downregulation, the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells differed according to taxol dose, which correlated with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway activity. In general, SPAG5 upregulation relates to poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients, and SPAG5 is a regulator of mTOR activity during taxol treatment in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-J Yuan
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - J-D Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - L Zhang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - J-H Wang
- Department of Chest, Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - T Wan
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y Zhou
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - H Tu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - J-P Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - R-Z Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - W-H Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - M Zheng
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
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208
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Human DExD/H RNA helicases: emerging roles in stress survival regulation. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 436:45-58. [PMID: 24835919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stresses threatening cell homeostasis trigger various cellular responses ranging from the activation of survival pathways to eliciting programmed cell death. Cellular stress response highly depends on the nature and level of the insult as well as the cell type. Notably, the interplay among all these responses will ultimately determine the fate of the stressed cell. Human DExD/H RNA helicases are ubiquitous molecular motors rearranging RNA secondary structure in an ATP-dependent fashion. These highly conserved enzymes participate in nearly all aspects of cellular process involving RNA metabolism. Although numerous functions of DExD/H RNA helicases are well documented, their importance in stress response is only just becoming evident. This review outlines our current knowledge on major mechanistic themes of human DExD/H RNA helicases in response to stressful stimuli, especially on emerging molecular models for the functional roles of these enzymes in the stress survival regulation.
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209
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210
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Abstract
The protein kinase mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an atypical serine/threonine kinase that exerts its main cellular functions by interacting with specific adaptor proteins to form 2 different multiprotein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). mTORC1 regulates protein synthesis, cell growth and proliferation, autophagy, cell metabolism, and stress responses, whereas mTORC2 seems to regulate cell survival and polarity. The mTOR pathway plays a key regulatory function in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. However, the majority of information available about mTOR function in the cardiovascular system is related to the role of mTORC1 in the unstressed and stressed heart. mTORC1 is required for embryonic cardiovascular development and for postnatal maintenance of cardiac structure and function. In addition, mTORC1 is necessary for cardiac adaptation to pressure overload and development of compensatory hypertrophy. However, partial and selective pharmacological and genetic inhibition of mTORC1 was shown to extend life span in mammals, reduce pathological hypertrophy and heart failure caused by increased load or genetic cardiomyopathies, reduce myocardial damage after acute and chronic myocardial infarction, and reduce cardiac derangements caused by metabolic disorders. The optimal therapeutic strategy to target mTORC1 and increase cardioprotection is under intense investigation. This article reviews the information available regarding the effects exerted by mTOR signaling in cardiovascular physiology and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ (S.S., J.S.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S., M.V.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy (M.V.)
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211
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Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) forms two conserved, structurally distinct kinase complexes termed TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2. Each complex phosphorylates a different set of substrates to regulate cell growth. In mammals, mTOR is stimulated by nutrients and growth factors and inhibited by stress to ensure that cells grow only during favorable conditions. Studies in different organisms have reported localization of TOR to several distinct subcellular compartments. Notably, the finding that mTORC1 is localized to the lysosome has significantly enhanced our understanding of mTORC1 regulation. Subcellular localization may be a general principle used by TOR to enact precise spatial and temporal control of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Betz
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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212
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with various diseases, such as cancer, myopathies, neurodegeneration and obesity. Mitochondrial homoeostasis is achieved by mechanisms that adapt the number of mitochondria to that required for energy production and for the supply of metabolic intermediates necessary to sustain cell growth. Simultaneously, mitochondrial quality control mechanisms are in place to remove malfunctioning mitochondria. In the cytoplasm, the protein complex mTORC1 couples growth-promoting signals with anabolic processes, in which mitochondria play an essential role. Here, we review the involvement of mTORC1 and Rheb in mitochondrial homoeostasis. The regulatory processes downstream of mTORC1 affect the glycolytic flux and the rate of mitophagy, and include regulation of the transcription factors HIF1α and YY1/PGC-1α. We also discuss how mitochondrial function feeds back on mTORC1 via reactive oxygen species signalling to adapt metabolic processes, and highlight how mTORC1 signalling is integrated with the unfolded protein response in mitochondria, which in Caenorhabditis elegans is mediated via transcription factors such as DVE-1/UBL-5 and ATFS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlous J Groenewoud
- Molecular Cancer Research, Centre for Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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