Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL

Transmetalation From Boron to Beryllium in Phosphorus-Based Scorpionate Complexes

Investigation of tris(di-iso-propylphosphanylmethyl)phenylborate ([TP(iPr)]-) organo-beryllium complexes [TP(iPr)]BeR with R = Ph, nBu, Cp, Cp* revealed transmetalation of [CH2P(iPr)2]- groups from boron onto beryllium. This reaction is caused by partial dissociation of the scorpionate, which can be triggered through steric overcrowding of the beryllium atom or reducing the ligand beryllium bond strength through oxidation of the phosphorus atoms with selenium. Oxidation with oxygen or sulfur results in the formation of stable phosphine oxide and sulfide scorpionates.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Two Labdane Enantiomers from Gymnosperma glutinosum: An In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Study

Background/Objectives: Diseases associated with inflammatory processes continue to grow steadily throughout the world. Unfortunately, prolonged use of drugs induces adverse effects ranging from hypersensitivity reactions to damage to the digestive system. These negative effects open the possibility of continuing the search for anti-inflammatory compounds with less toxicity. The aim of this research was to isolate and evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a mixture of two enantiomeric labdanes isolated from Gymnosperma glutinosum by in vivo, in vitro, and in silico methods. Methods: A brief description of the main methods or treatments applied. This can include any relevant preregistration or specimen information. The structure of the labdanes enantiomers was elucidated by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopies methods. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated on a mouse model of ear edema induced with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate; the pro-inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL-6), were quantified on macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, and the interaction between labdanes and diana was studied by molecular docking. Results: We identified the chemical structures of two new labdane enantiomers: a-gymglu acid and b-ent-gymglu acid. The enantiomer mixture, named gymglu acid, diminished ear edema at doses of 1 and 2 mg/ear by 36.07% and 41.99%, respectively. A concentration of 155.16 µM of gymglu acid inhibited the production of NO by 78.06% and IL-6 by 71.04%. The in silico results suggest two routes by which these labdanes reduce inflammation: partial agonism toward the corticosteroid receptors and inhibition of nitric oxide synthases. Conclusions: These results show that the gymglu acid enantiomers have promising anti-inflammatory activity.

CaCu1.424Fe0.576Si2

A CaCu1.424Fe0.576Si2 phase was obtained during high-pressure sinter-ing of an Si-rich quasicrystal composition prealloy with the nominal chemical com-position Si61Cu30Ca7Fe2. The obtained phase crystallizes in the space group I4/mmm (No. 139), with a = b = 4.041 Å and c = 10.010 Å. It is isotypic with CaCu2Si2 (a = b = 4.06 Å and c = 9.91 Å) [Palenzona et al. (1986 ▸). J. Less-Common Met. 119, 199-209] and CaFe2Si2 (a = b = 3.94 Å and c = 10.19 Å) [Hlukhyy et al. (2012 ▸). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 638, 1619-1619]. It features a co-occupancy of Cu and Fe atoms with a ratio of the refined site-occupancy factors of 0.71 (15):0.29 (15).

4,4-Dimethyl-2-phenyl-4,5-di-hydro-pyrrolo-[2,3,4-kl]acridin-1(2H)-one

In the title compound, C22H18N2O, the pendant phenyl ring is twisted by 43.85 (1)° with respect to the acridine moiety, which has almost coplanar atoms apart from the sp 3 carbon atoms. The extended structure features aromatic π-π stacking with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.489 (2) Å and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

(5,6-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(2-{[2-(di-phenyl-phosphan-yl)benzyl-idene]amino}-ethan-1-amine)-platinum(II) dinitrate methanol disolvate

The title compound, [Pt(C14H12N2)(C21H21N2P)](NO3)2·2CH3OH, is a platinum(II) complex, which crystallizes in a monoclinic (P21/c) space group. The complex exhibits a distorted square-planar geometry, which includes a monodentate 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligand and a tridentate 2-{[2-(di-phenyl-phosphan-yl)benzyl-idene]amino}-ethan-1-amine ligand. The structure reveals both intra- and inter-molecular π-stacking inter-actions between the phenanthroline and phosphine rings. Hydrogen bonding is observed between the complex ion, nitrate counter-ions and solvent mol-ecules.

A comparison of microcrystal electron diffraction and X-ray powder diffraction for the structural analysis of metal-organic frameworks

This study successfully implemented microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) for the crystal structure determination of a new phase, TAF-CNU-1, Ni(C8H4O4)·3H2O, solved by microED from single microcrystals in the powder and refined at the kinematic and dynamic electron diffraction theory levels. This nickel metal-organic framework (MOF), together with its cobalt and manganese analogues with formula M(C8H4O4)·2H2O with M = MnII or CoII, were synthesized in aqueous media as one-pot preparations from the corresponding hydrated metal chlorides and sodium terephthalate, as a promising 'green' synthetic route to moisture-stable MOFs. The crystal structures of the two latter materials have been previously determined ab initio from X-ray powder diffraction. The advantages and disadvantages of both structural characterization techniques are briefly summarized. Additional solid-state property characterization was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Triple-chromic (photo-, thermo-, and mechano-chromic) metal complexes containing N-salicylideneaminopyridine ligands

N-Salicylideneaminopyridine (SAP) is a well-known organic chromic compound that shows a reversible colour change upon UV light irradiation (photochromism) and upon cooling (thermochromism). Herein, we report novel multi-chromic metal complexes containing SAP derivatives as ligands, viz. [Ni(NCS)2(3,5-t-Bu-SAP)4] (Ni1) and [Co(NCS)2(3,5-t-Bu-SAP)4] (Co1). The Ni1 crystals exhibited both photo- and thermochromism with new colour variations, which were due to the light absorption of the Ni(II) ions and chromic properties of the SAP ligands. The Co1 crystal also exhibited photo- and thermochromism originating from the SAP ligands. Furthermore, the Co1 crystal exhibited mechanochromism induced by grinding with a mortar, which was considered to be attributable to the change of the Co1 coordination structure. Such a triple-chromic material is rare and very fascinating for the applications of multiple sensors, memory devices, and functional inks.

Design, synthesis and molecular modeling of new Pyrazolyl-Benzimidazolone hybrids targeting breast Cancer

Methyl-piperidino-pyrazole (MPP) is a pyrazole derivative acting as a lead estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist and has an anti-breast cancer effect. Since some benzimidazole derivatives were reported for their inhibitory activity against breast cancer, hybrids from these reported compounds (5a-c, 6a-c, 7a-c and 8a-c) were designed to develop anti-breast cancer agents. The synthesis involved 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines on the benzimidazolone derivatives 2a-b and 3a-b which occurred with chemo- and regioselectivity depending on the dipole and was confirmed by an X-ray structure of 6b. In vitro biological testing of the newly prepared compounds against the 60-cell line panel showed that 5a-c and 6a-c with a partially unsaturated pyrazole ring possessed a high GI% in the T-47D breast cancer cell line with a selectivity margin against different cell lines. Five compounds were selected for apoptotic studies in T-47D cells, of which 6a arrested cells in G1 phase and caused more apoptosis than MPP. The MTT assay revealed that compound 6a has an IC50 = 6.77 ± 0.03 μM against T-47D cells. Furthermore, 6a reduced the estrogen receptor 1 gene expression levels 3-fold in T-47D cells. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the complex of the active compound 6a remained stable over the last 150 ns. An analysis of the binding mode revealed that compound 6a exhibited a similar conformation compared to MPP and the co-ligand in the active site of via a specific pose involving noncovalent interactions.

A novel type of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes featuring nitrogen-rich tetrazine ligands: syntheses, crystal structures, spectral properties, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical calculations

Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes with the general formula [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]X constitute one of the most studied categories of 3d metal photosensitizers. Here, we examine using 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-based ligands to synthesize photoactive Cu(I) complexes. The newly prepared complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, which revealed the formation of dinuclear complexes [Cu2(μ-L1)(xantphos)2](ClO4)2 (1) and [Cu2(μ-L2)(xantphos)2](ClO4)2 (2), and mononuclear complexes [Cu(L3)(xantphos)]ClO4 (3) and [Cu(L4)(xantphos)]ClO4 (4), where L1 = 3,6-di(2'-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (bptz), L2 = 3,6-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, L3 = 3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, L4 = 3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and xantphos = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene. Solution stability assays were addressed by NMR spectroscopy showing that complexes are stable in dichloromethane over several days. The electronic excited states were investigated by UV-Vis and luminiscence spectroscopy and interpreted with the help of TD-DFT calculations. In the case of all the newly prepared complexes 1-4, the absorptions in the visible region were assigned to non-emissive MLCT transitions between the Cu(I) and the respective tetrazine ligand. Redox properties were probed by cyclic voltammetry and also supplemented by DFT calculations. Interestingly, tetrazine ligands L1-L4 show a shift of reduction potential to less negative values upon the formation of Cu(I) complexes 1-4. Moreover, the two complexes 3-4 represent the first reported case of mononuclear heteroleptic Cu(I)-tetrazine complexes.

Crystal structure of 1-amino-3-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-2-cyano-3H-benzo[4,5]thia-zolo[3,2-a]pyridine-4-carboxamide

In the structure of the title compound, C19H13ClN4OS, the four atoms of the pyridinic ring that are not fused with the thia-zole, including the sp 3 C atom, lie significantly outside the benzo-thia-zole plane. A short intra-molecular S⋯O contact of 2.5992 (4) Å is observed. The amide NH2 group is planar, whereas the amine NH2 group is pyramidalized. The three-dimensional packing involves two inter-connected layer structures. The first, parallel to the bc plane, involves three classical hydrogen bonds N-Hamine⋯O (one of two), N-Hamine⋯Cl and one N-Hamide ⋯Ncyano; the second, parallel to the ab plane, involves two hydrogen bonds, N-Hamide⋯O and the second N-Hamine⋯O, together with the short and linear contact Ncyano⋯Cl-C, which may be regarded as a halogen bond.

Polymorphism and Hirshfeld surface analysis of tetra-oxa[2]perfluoro-arene[2]triazine

The title compound, tetra-oxa[2]perfluoro-arene[2]triazine (C20H6F8N6O6), composed of two tetra-fluoro-phenyl-ene and two triazine moieties connected by four oxygen atoms, was crystallized via slow evaporation of a di-chloro-methane solution, yielding two polymorphs: block- (I) and plate-shaped (II) crystals. Polymorph I (triclinic, P1, V = 516 Å3 at 173 K) was previously reported by Yang et al. [(2015. Org. Lett. 15, 4414-4417] whereas the newly identified polymorph II (triclinic, P1, V = 1085 Å3 at 100 K) shares the same space group but has a unit-cell volume twice as large, accommodating two symmetrically distinct mol-ecules, Mol-ecule-1 and Mol-ecule-2, with a different mol-ecular arrangement. Since these crystals are expected to exhibit the characteristics of non-porous adaptive crystals, detailed analyses of inter-molecular inter-actions were conducted, revealing that C-F⋯π-hole inter-actions are more pronounced in II than in I. Hirshfeld surface analysis at 100 K revealed that the primary contributions to the crystal packing in polymorph I were F⋯F (17.1%), F⋯H/H⋯F (21.5%), C⋯H/H⋯C (6.3%), C⋯F/F⋯C (4.5%) and C⋯O/O⋯C (9.2%) inter-actions, whereas in polymorph II, these inter-actions were F⋯F (9.9% and 10.0%), F⋯H/H⋯F (20.9% and 26.5%), C⋯H/H⋯C (6.3% and 2.9%), C⋯F/F⋯C (8.5% and 10.0%) and C⋯O/O⋯C (4.9% and 4.6%) for Mol-ecule-1 and Mol-ecule-2, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that polymorph I is the more stable crystalline form, predominantly obtained through rapid precipitation or by grinding the crystals.

Diaryl Diimidazopyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus: Synthesis, Evaluation and Docking Studies

In this report, we present a new series of diaryl diimidazopyrimidine derivatives 3a-m, that have been synthesized and assessed for their in vitro antiviral activity. The derivatives were prepared through a one-step reaction involving commercially available 2,4-diamino-6-chloropyrimidine and various phenacyl bromides 2a-m, leading to the formation of the desired diaryl diimidazo- pyrimidines 3a-m with good yields. In vitro evaluations against the Influenza A H1N1 strain identified compounds 3m (SI = 73) and 3b (SI = 23) as the most potent candidates. Additionally, antimicrobial screening indicated that compounds 3d and 3j, which contain methyl and methoxy substitutions, exhibited moderate activity against Streptococcus mutans, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans. Molecular Docking studies of the promising compounds 3b and 3m demonstrated significant binding interactions with the M1 matrix protein (PDB ID: 5CQE) in comparison to M2 proton channel of Influenza A (PDB: 6US9), suggesting that these derivatives may be effectively targeting the M1 protein. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to evaluate the stability, dynamic behaviour, and binding affinity of the most potent compounds 3b and 3m. The in vitro antiviral studies, molecular docking and MD simulations data highlight the promising pharmacological potential of these analogues, paving the way for further structural optimization and development as potential antiviral agents.

Synthesis and structure of tris-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) 5-carb-oxy-benzene-1,3-di-carboxyl-ate 3,5-di-carb-oxy-benzoate

The structure of the title salt, 3C4H7N2 +·C9H5O6 -·C9H4O6 2-, 1, consists of three 2-methyl-imidazolium cations and both a single and a doubly deprotonated form of trimesic acid as anions. A detailed analysis of the bond lengths and angles reveals both differences and similarities between compound 1 and the previously reported 2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium 3,5-di-carb-oxy-benzoate structure [Baletska et al. (2023). Acta Cryst. E79, 1088-109], as well as the neutral counterpart of the ions. Examination of the crystal packing shows the formation of infinite chains by the anions, which, along with the cations, form zigzag planes parallel to the ab plane. The packing inter-actions are primarily driven by π-π inter-actions and hydrogen bonding between anions.

3-Chloro-propio-phenone

The title compound, 3-chloro-propio-phenone (or 3-chloro-1-phenyl-propan-1-one), C9H9ClO, consists of an almost planar mol-ecule that is charaterized by very small torsion angles within the alkyl side chain (torsion angles < 6.3°). No hydrogen bonds are observed in the crystal packing. The compound exhibits a melting point of 54°C.

Charge transfer between a metal-bound halide and a quinone through π-hole interactions leads to bulk conductivity

π-Hole interactions between a metal-bound halide and a quinoid ring are described in four novel isostructural co-crystals with the formula [Cu(terpy)ClX]·X'4Q (terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine; Q = quinone; X = Br, I; X' = Cl, Br). An unusually strong π-hole interaction between Cu-X and the quinoid ring is noted. Periodic DFT computations estimate the energy of the X⋯quinone interaction to be -20.79 kcal mol-1, indicating a very strong non-covalent interaction attributed to a higher degree of polarization along the bonding path. The black colour of the crystals originates from a cooperative intermolecular charge transfer between the [Cu(terpy)ClX] complex and the quinone π-system, with iodine playing a dominant role in this process by facilitating the π-hole interaction that enhances the charge transfer mechanism. All the compounds are considered to be weak semiconductors with the σDC magnitude ranging between 10-11 and 10-9 S cm-1. It is anticipated that by a smart choice of electron donors and electron acceptors, one can substantially enhance the effect and engineer more efficient conductive materials.

Syntheses and crystal structures of three tri-phenyl-sulfonium halometallate salts of zinc, cadmium and mercury

Bis(tri-phenyl-sulfonium) tetra-chlorido-zinc(II), (C18H15S)2[ZnCl4] (I), bis-(tri-phenyl-sulfonium) tetra-chlorido-cadmium(II), (C18H15S)2[CdCl4] (II), and bis-(tri-phenyl-sulfonium) tetra-chlorido-mercury(II) methanol monosolvate, (C18H15S)2[HgCl4]·CH3OH (III), each crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n. In all three structures, there are two crystallographically independent tri-phenyl-sulfonium (TPS) cations per asymmetric unit, each adopting a distorted trigonal-pyramidal geometry about the S atom (S-C bond lengths in the 1.77-1.80 Å range and C-S-C angles of 100-107°). The [MCl4]2- anions (M = Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+) are tetra-hedral; their M-Cl bond lengths systematically increase from Zn2+ to Hg2+, consistent with the larger ionic radius of the heavier metal. Hirshfeld surface analyses show that H⋯H and H⋯C contacts dominate the TPS cation environments, whereas H⋯Cl and S⋯M inter-actions anchor each [MCl4]2- anion to two surrounding TPS cations. Weak C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, as well as inversion-centered π-π stacking, generate layers in (I) and (II) and dimeric [(TPS)2-HgCl4]2 assemblies in (III).

Derivatives of Pyrazole-Based Compounds as Prospective Cancer Agents

Five pyrazole-based compounds, 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole, L1; 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole, L2; 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole, L3; 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole, L4; and 3,5-ditert-butyl-1H-pyrazole, L5 were synthesized from a typical condensation reaction of β-diketone derivatives with hydrazine hydrate reagent and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H and 13C NMR, and LC-MS spectroscopy. L1 was further analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the N1-N1' bond distance was found to be 1.361(3) Å and correlated well with other pyrazole-based compounds. The short-term cytotoxicity of 10 μM pyrazole compounds (L1-L5) was evaluated against pancreatic (CFPAC-1 and PANC-1), breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), and cervical (CaSki and HeLa) cancer cell lines using the MTT cell viability assay. Cisplatin and gemcitabine were included as positive control drugs followed by the determination of the half-maximal effective concentrations of prospective compounds. L2 and L3, respectively, displayed moderate cytotoxicity against CFPAC-1 (61.7 ± 4.9 μM) and MCF-7 (81.48 ± 0.89 μM) cell lines.

Single-Step Synthesis of a Heterometallic [Cu2PdL4]2+ Hybrid Metal-Organic Coordination Cage

Traditional methods of assembling low-symmetry heterometallic cage architectures are limited to stepwise construction and combinations of inert and labile metal ions, affording complex, anisotropic cage structures by sacrificing synthetic ease. Herein, a heterometallic [Cu2PdL4]2+ lantern-type cage has been assembled in a single self-assembly step through the use of a heteroditopic ligand with two different metal-binding groups. The resultant cage complex is a fusion of two common lantern-type cage motifs-carboxylate-based metal-organic Cu4L4 cages and pyridyl-based Pd2L4 coordination cages. Evidence for heterometallic cage formation in solution was provided by 1H and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) data, whereas circular dichroism (CD) spectra confirmed the helical nature of the assembly. The heterometallic cage was then exploited in binding heterotopic guests. It is envisioned that the simple design strategy presented herein will ease the assembly of other structurally complex, low-symmetry cage architectures.

Novel Derivatives of Nicotinic Acid: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity

The overuse of antibiotics is one of the reasons which has led to the development of drug-resistant bacteria, which is a huge challenge for modern medicine. As well as the incidences of cancer, which are increasing every year, currently known cytostatics do not provide satisfactory therapeutic effects with many side effects. Bearing in mind these problems of modern medicine, we have synthesized new acylhydrazones with potential antibacterial and anticancer activities. The compounds were created as a result of condensation of commercially available nicotinic acid hydrazide with appropriate aldehydes. Additionally, some of them were obtained using mechanochemistry. The chemical structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by spectral methods IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and the crystal structure of selected compounds was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Phase purity tests were performed for each compound. The tested compounds had very significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria and slightly worse activity against fungi from the genus Candida. The least antibacterial activity of obtained acylhydrazones was shown against Gram-negative bacterial strains. In addition to these, the compounds described did not have a toxic effect on normal cell lines.

Isophthalate and N-Chelating Linker-Based Luminescent Cd-MOF for "Turn-On" EtOH Sensing via RGB-Assisted Smartphone Platform and "Turn-Off" Fe3+ Monitoring in Biodiesel Specimens

Monitoring trace solvent and metal adulteration in biodiesel is crucial for quality control and commercialization. This study explores a mesoporous Cd(II)-MOF for dual-mode fluorescence sensing: "turn-on" detection of EtOH and "turn-off" monitoring of Fe3+ in aqueous and biodiesel samples. Synthesized using N-chelating, π-conjugated 2,2'-bipyridine and μ3-η1,η1,η2 bridging 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, the MOF exhibits high phase purity, lamellar rod morphology, and high thermal stability, attributed to its robust framework, reinforced by supramolecular H-bonding and interlayer π-π stacking interactions. The MOF's blue luminescence enables rapid detection of EtOH (6.27-fold enhancement, LOD: 6.33 ppm, 40s response time) and Fe3+ (>90% quenching, LOD: ≈1.17 μM, KSV: 1.318 × 105 M- 1, 30 s response time). The EtOH sensing ensues via restriction of photo-induced electron transfer in the MOF, aided by hydrogen bonding with MOF hydroxyls and polarity effects, while Fe3+ quenching arises from absorption competition quenching and electrostatic interactions. The sensor detects EtOH and Fe3+ in pretreated biodiesels derived from Jatropha and waste cooking oil (recovery: 78-90% and 73-75%, respectively). Further, a 4.89-fold "turn-on" for EtOH and 81% quenching for Fe3+ is evidenced when analytes are directly added into untreated Jatropha biodiesel. A smartphone-based RGB calibration further enhances real-time ethanol analysis, ensuring practical applicability.

Solid-State Photoconversion of a Discrete Mixed Iodine(I) System to a 1D Polymer

The first example of a mixed halogen(I) complex (2), containing three distinct iodine(I) moieties ([N-I-N]+, O-I-N, and [O-I-O]-) within the same structure, was synthesized with 4-styrylpyridine (4-stypy) and 3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalate as the stabilizing Lewis bases. This complex was observed to be in equilibrium with its respective bis(OIN) complex (1a), with isolated samples of 2 also being found to convert to 1a in solution. Upon UV irradiation of 2, a single-crystal-to-single-crystal [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction was observed, converting the discrete salt 2 to the 1D polymer 5. Complex 5 retained all the iodine(I) moieties from prior to photoconversion and represents the first example of nondestructive photoconversion of a halogen(I) complex. To facilitate comparisons to 2 and 5, several additional closely related iodine(I) complexes were synthesized, with the iodine(I) complexes characterized by NMR (1H, 1H-15N HMBC) and SCXRD, as well as by Raman and IR spectroscopy for 2, 5, and their close structural analogue 1a.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analyses, inter-molecular inter-action energies and energy frameworks of methyl 6-amino-5-cyano-2-(2-meth-oxy-2-oxoeth-yl)-4-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-4H-pyran-3-carboxyl-ate

The title compound, C17H15N3O7, contains pyran and phenyl rings, with the pyran ring exhibiting a flattened-boat conformation. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers, forming R 2 2(12) ring motifs. These dimers are linked through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional architecture. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H⋯O/O⋯H (29.7%), H⋯H (28.7%), H⋯C/C⋯H (16.0%) and H⋯N/N⋯H (12.9%) inter-actions. In addition to van der Waals inter-actions and N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, tetrel bonds and pnictogen bonds also play an important role in the cohesion of the crystal structure.

Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of a propyl 4-{[1-(2-methyl-4-nitro-phen-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]meth-oxy}benzoate copper(II) chloride complex

The core of the title complex, di-chlorido-bis-(propyl 4-{[1-(2-methyl-4-nitro-phen-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]meth-oxy}benzoate)copper(II), [CuCl2(C20H20N4O5)2], which belongs to the copper(II) complex family, consists of two C20H20N4O5 ligands and two chloride ligands arranged around the metal, forming a trans-di-chlorido square-planar complex. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds as well as by aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions into a three-dimensional network. To further analyse the inter-molecular inter-actions, a Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed.

Fluorine-hydrogen inter-actions observed in a helix structure having an orn-free gramicidin S sequence incorporating 4-trans-fluoro-proline

The deca-peptide Boc-(d-Phe-tFPro-Val-Leu-Leu)2-OMe (1) (Boc is tert-but-oxy-carbonyl, tFPro is 4-trans-fluoro-l-proline d-Phe is d-phenyl-alanine, Val is valine and Leu is leucine) crystallized in a methanol-solvated form (C68H104F2N10O13·CH4O). Peptide 1 has a sequence similar to gramicidin S (GS) incorporating tFPro. GS is a cyclic peptide, with the d-Phe-Pro unit known as a strong β-turn inducer in previous studies. Thus, it was initially assumed that 1 would bend at the d-Phe6-tFPro7 position, potentially forming a sheet-like structure. However, the structure of 1 was a helix, a surprising finding in GS-related structural studies. A factor enabling this helical formation could be the fluorine-H inter-actions between tFPro and the aromatic rings of d-Phe residues.

Synthesis and crystal structure of dipotassium nickel polyphosphate

Single crystals of K2Ni(PO3)4 were obtained by solid-state reaction. The structure consists of infinite zigzag polyphosphate chains, running along the c-axis direction, linked by Ni2+ ions and delimiting large tunnels in which the K+ ions are located. Ni2+ ions form slightly distorted NiO6 octa-hedra and the coordination numbers of the independent potassium cations are 8 and 10.

Crystal structure of the possible sulindac impurity 2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl)aceto-nitrile

The title compound,C12H10FN, was identified as a possible critical degradation impurity of sulindac, a therapeutic COX-2 inhibitor for rheumatoid arthritis. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed two conformationally slightly different mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit (Z' = 2), each containing an indene ring system. In the crystal structure, [100] chains formed through C-H⋯N inter-actions are connected into a tri-periodic supra-molecular structure by further C-H⋯F and C-H⋯π inter-actions through P21/n symmetry operations.

Synthesis and Reactivity of Six-Membered Cyclic Diaryl λ3-Bromanes and λ3-Chloranes

Despite the remarkable advancements in hypervalent iodine chemistry, exploration of bromine and chlorine analogues remains in its infancy due to their difficult synthesis. Herein, we introduce six-membered cyclic λ3-bromanes and λ3-chloranes. Through single-crystal X-ray structural analyses and conformational studies, we delineate the crucial bonding patterns pivotal for the thermodynamic stability of these compounds. Notably, these investigations reveal pronounced π-π stacking phenomena within the crystal lattice of hypercoordinated bromine(III) and chlorine(III) species. Their reactivity profile is explored as they are radical precursors or electrophilic reagents in metal-free intermolecular biaryl couplings, O- and S-arylations, and Cu(I)-promoted intramolecular biaryl couplings which is complementary to the known reactivity of five-membered bromanes and chloranes. Mechanistic insights are provided, elucidating the pathways governing their reactivity and underscoring the potential in organic synthesis.

Functionalized organotellurium macrocycles: tuning their optical bandgap and investigation of their catalytic activity

This work deals with the synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of 12-membered tellurium macrocycles functionalized with an allyl group. These are synthesized by the reaction of bis-p-methoxyphenyl tellurium dihalide with phenyl allyl phosphinic acid at room temperature. SCXRD reveals that the cationic macrocycle is capped by two halide ions giving an overall composition of [((p-OMePh)2Te)2(O)(PhC3H5PO2)(μ4-X)]2, where X = Cl (Cl-TAM) and Br (Br-TAM). On reacting Cl-TAM with KI, we were able to isolate the iodo-capped macrocycle [((p-OMePh)2Te)2(O)(PhC3H5PO2)(μ4-I)]2 (I-TAM). The presence of allyl groups at the periphery would allow these macrocycles to act as potential building blocks. Optical absorption studies show that the bandgap can be tuned by exchanging the capping halides. These systems were also found to act as catalysts for the detoxification of CEES, a mustard gas simulant.

The influence of external electric field on the structure of pentazole ionic salt

CONTEXT

Pentazole ion salt is a cutting-edge new type of all-nitrogen ion high-energy material. When subjected to an external electric field (EEF), the structure and various properties of pentazole ion salts are altered. This article studied six types of pentazole ion salts (PA-1 ~ PA-6) under an external electric field (intensity 0 ~ 0.008 a.u.). GGA/PBE method was used to calculate and analyze the lattice constants, cell volume, density, bond length, bond angle, dihedral angle, energy bands, and density of states of pentazole ion salts. The results showed that six types of pentazole ion salts exhibited good crystal and geometric stability under the action of an external electric field. The band gap exhibits different levels of decrease, and electrons are more prone to transition, resulting in a continuous weakening of the stability of pentazole ion salts. The dense attitudes of PA-1, PA-3, PA-4, and PA-6 gradually shift towards the low-energy region, with an increase in peak width and a splitting phenomenon. The peak values show a gradually decreasing trend. The electronic structures of PA-2 and PA-5 exhibit high stability. PA-3 and PA-6 are more sensitive to the applied electric field.

METHODS

The Materials Studio software has been chosen for simulation and computation in this study. The GGA/PBE method has been utilized for the calculation and simulation of external electric fields, with the strength ranging from 0 to 0.008 a.u. and an increment gradient of 0.001 a.u.

Porous Organic Polymers Incorporating Shape-Persistent Cyclobenzoin Macrocycles for Organic Solvent Separation

The recovery and separation of organic solvents is highly important for the chemical industry and environmental protection. In this context, porous organic polymers (POPs) have significant potential owing to the possibility of integrating shape-persistent macrocyclic units with high guest selectivity. Here, we report the synthesis of a macrocyclic porous organic polymer (np-POP) and the corresponding model compound by reacting the cyclotetrabenzil naphthalene octaketone macrocycle with 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene and 1,2-diaminobenzene, respectively, under solvothermal conditions. Co-crystallization of the macrocycle and the model compound with various solvent molecules revealed their size-selective inclusion within the macrocycle. Building on this finding, the np-POP with a hierarchical pore structure and a surface area of 579 m2 g-1 showed solvent uptake strongly correlated with their kinetic diameters. Solvents with kinetic diameters below 0.6 nm - such as acetonitrile and dichloromethane - showed high uptake capacities exceeding 7 mmol g-1. Xylene separation tests revealed a high overall uptake (~34 wt %), with o-xylene displaying a significantly lower uptake (~10 wt % less than other isomers), demonstrating the possibility of size and shape selective separation of organic solvents.

New Hydrazone Derivatives Based on Pyrazolopyridothiazine Core as Cytotoxic Agents to Colon Cancers: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling

In this research, a series of novel hydrazone derivatives based on pyrazolopyridothiazinylacetohydrazide were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic potency on several human colon cancer cells (HTC116, HT-29, and LoVo). After MTT and SRB assays four of the most active derivatives: hydrazide GH and hydrazones GH7, GH8, and GH11, were chosen for further investigation. Hydrazone GH11 had the highest cytotoxic activity (IC50 values of c.a. 0.5 μM). Additionally, the impact of novel derivatives on the oxidative stress level, apoptosis induction, and modulation of inflammation in colon cancer cells was examined. In all studies, the activity of the derivatives increased in order GH < GH7 < GH8 < GH11. At the same time, most of the research was conducted on compounds combined with apple pectin (PC). The most interesting observation was that all the studied derivatives applied together with PC showed significantly higher activity than observed in the case of using PC, hydrazide, or hydrazones separately. Finally, computational chemistry methods (molecular modeling and Density Functional Theory - DFT) were used to complement the experimental studies.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 6-[4-(1-cyclo-hexyl-1H-tetra-zol-5-yl)but-oxy]-8-nitro-3,4-di-hydro-quinolin-2(1H)-one

The crystal structure of 6-[4-(1-cyclo-hexyl-1H-tetra-zol-5-yl)but-oxy]-8-nitro-3,4-di-hydro-quinolin-2(1H)-one, C20H26N6O4 (I), was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The primary focus was to establish the position of the nitro group, the mol-ecular conformation, and the role of inter-molecular inter-actions towards the crystal packing of I. The crystalline structure is mainly consolidated by π-π, C-H⋯O, C-H⋯N, N⋯C(π) and O⋯C(π) inter-actions. The contributions of different inter-actions towards the crystal packing were further analyzed using Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plots.

Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-[(2,4-di-methyl-benz-yl)sulfan-yl]pyrimidine-4,6-di-amine

The title compound, C13H16N4S (DAMP-DMB), was synthesized through the reaction of 2,4-di-methyl-benzyl chloride with di-amino-pyrimidine-thiol. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, space group P21/c. The asymmetric unit contains a single mol-ecular entity. Structural examination revealed the presence of a dimeric arrangement consolidated by N-H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter-actions. Additionally, Hirshfeld surface analysis indicated that H⋯H, N⋯H, C⋯H, and S⋯H contacts account for 98.9% of the total inter-molecular inter-actions to the Hirshfeld surface.

Synthesis and crystal structure of 5-{(E)-[(1H-indol-3-ylformamido)-imino]-meth-yl}-2-meth-oxy-phenyl propane-1-sulfonate

In the title mol-ecule, C20H21N3O5S, the methyl-ideneformohydrazide and meth-oxy-benzene groups are almost coplanar, with the indolyl group being rotated farther from the plane. The mol-ecules in the crystal structure form chains parallel to the a-axis direction through N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions. Neighbouring chains are linked by N-H⋯O contacts to form a three-dimensional network.

Kinetic Control and Trapping in the Supramolecular Polymerization of m-Terphenyl Bis-Urea Macrocycles

Herein, we examine pathway complexity in the supramolecular polymerization of a novel m-terphenyl bis-urea macrocycle. Designed to induce kinetically metastable states, the macrocycle's concentration-dependent aggregation was studied via 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy in THF and CHCl₃. Temperature-dependent UV-Vis spectroscopy in water/THF revealed a cooperative nucleation-growth mechanism, indicated by a shift in λmax to longer wavelengths upon cooling. Morphological studies using DLS, AFM, and SEM demonstrated fibrous aggregate formation. Thermal hysteresis observed in assembly-disassembly cycles indicated kinetically trapped species, with cooling governed by kinetic control and heating by thermodynamic processes. Deviations in ΔH values during cooling, compared to van't Hoff analysis and alignment of heating ΔH values with thermodynamic predictions, reinforced this distinction. Spontaneous nucleation retardation, resulting from monomer trapping, led to lag times of up to 50 minutes under specific conditions. Computational studies revealed the parallel urea conformation as the more stable monomer configuration, whereas the antiparallel conformation is more stable in dimers. By probing pathway complexity of the macrocycle, we demonstrate a distinct ability to control and stabilize kinetically trapped states, broadening the scope for designing macrocyclic supramolecular polymers with tailored properties. This work deepens our understanding of supramolecular dynamics, exploring ON-pathway mechanisms and advancing tunable supramolecular materials.

Solvent-Induced Chirality Switching in the Enantioseparation of Hydroxycarboxylic Acids with a Quaternary Stereogenic Center

The enantiomer separation of three isomeric hydroxycarboxylic acids with a quaternary stereogenic center via diastereomeric salt formation with (1R,2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol was demonstrated. Racemic acid 1, with a quaternary chiral center at the β-position, was separated with nearly ideal efficiency. The stereochemistry of acids 2 and 3 incorporated in the less-soluble salts was reversed depending on the recrystallization solvents, and both enantiomers were accessible. The mechanism of this chirality switching was discussed based on the crystal structures of the less-soluble diastereomeric salts; the solvation of the salt with an alcohol molecule changed the hydrogen-bonding network and its stability.

Mg20.66Al12.24Zn20.04

The title single-crystal (icosa-magnesium dodeca-aluminium icosa-zinc), was obtained during the synthesis of an Mg-Al-Zn alloy at high pressure and temperature. It crystallizes in space group Im3 (No. 204) with seven distinct metal-atom sites: three are occupied by aluminium and zinc, one by zinc and magnesium and three by magnesium (two partially occupied). One of the Al/Zn sites has icosa-hedral coordination. There are significant difference between the current model and that of previous studies [Montagné & Tillard (2016 ▸). J. Alloys Compd. 656, 159-165].

Nonamagnesium diruthenium, Mg9Ru2

A monoclinic phase with chemical composition of Mg9Ru2, nona-magnesium diruthenium, was obtained through high-pressure sinter-ing of a mixture with an initial chemical composition of MgRuB. The Mg9Ru2 phase crystallizes in the C2/c space group with Z = 8 and is isotypic with the previously reported In0.74Ir3.3Mg17.96 and In1.9Ir3Mg17.1 phases.

(Nitrito-κ2 O:O')bis-[tris-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)phosphine-κP]silver(I)

The mol-ecular structure of the title AgI complex, [Ag(NO2)(C18H12F3P)2], features a distorted tetra-hedral geometry about the central AgI atom, with a total range of bond angles spanning from 49.80 (5) to 114.92 (1)°. The distortion arises primarily due to the small bite angle [49.80 (5)°] of the nitrito ligand. The compound crystallizes with one mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit, in the space group P21/n, with Z = 4 and Z' = 1.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and in silico mol-ecular docking studies of 4-hy-droxy-3,5-di-meth-oxy-benzaldehyde (6-chloro-pyridazin-3-yl)hydrazone monohydrate

In the title compound, C13H13ClN4O3·H2O, the organic mol-ecule has an E configuration with regard to the C=N bond of the hydrazone bridge. The phenyl and pyridazine rings subtend a dihedral angle of 2.1 (1)° between their mean planes, while the hydrazone moiety makes dihedral angles of 1.6 (2) and 3.0 (2)°, respectively, with these aromatic rings. This renders the entire mol-ecule comparably flat. A C-H⋯N hydrogen bond generates an inversion dimer with a large R 2 2(14) ring motif. Within this ring, a further C-H⋯N hydrogen bond establishes a smaller R 2 2(8) ring. The mol-ecules of a dimer are thereby firmly linked by four hydrogen bonds. A bifurcated O-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bond is formed between a water hydrogen atom and the hydroxyl and meth-oxy oxygen atoms of an adjacent mol-ecule, leading to the formation of an R 2 1(5) membered ring. C-H⋯π and face-to-face π-π stacking inter-actions are also present in the two-dimensional framework, which may be of relevance for the packing. In a complementary analysis, the compound was docked in silico to EGFR and HER2 receptors and the results imply that the compound targets EGFR preferentially over HER2.

Syntheses and crystal structures of 4-benzyl-1-ethyl-1,2,4-triazolium bromide and its corresponding NHC complexes of rhodium and iridium

The syntheses and crystal structures of a triazolium salt, 4-benzyl-1-ethyl-1,2,4-triazolium bromide, C11H14N3 +·Br- (2), and the corresponding N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, (4-benzyl-1-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl-idene)chlorido-[(1,2,5,6-η)-cyclo-octa-1,5-diene]rhodium(I), [RhCl(C8H12)(C11H13N3)] (3), (4-benzyl-1-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl-idene)[(1,2,5,6-η)-cyclo-octa-1,5-diene](tri-phenyl-phosphane)iridium(I) tetra-fluorido-borate, [Ir(C8H12)(C11H13N3)(C18H15P)]BF4 (5), and (4-benzyl-1-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl-idene)[(1,2,5,6-η)-cyclo-octa-1,5-diene](tri-cyclo-hexyl-phosphane)iridium(I) tetra-fluorido-borate dicholoro-methane sesquisolvate, [Ir(C8H12)(C11H13N3)(C18H33P)]BF4·1.5CH2Cl2 (6), are presented. Complexes 2 and 6 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c, complex 3 in the triclinic space group P1 and complex 5 in the triclinic space group P1 with two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The three metal complexes 3, 5, and 6 have a distorted square-planar geometry around the metal ions. The N1-C1-N3 bond angle in the triazolium salt 2 is 107.1 (2)° and is observed in the range of 102.2 (3) to 103.8 (5)° in the NHC ligands in complexes 3, 5, and 6. The two substituent 'wing tips' in the NHC ligand (N-ethyl and N-benz-yl) are oriented in an anti-arrangement in compounds 2 and 3, a syn-arrangement in compound 6, and both syn and anti-arrangements in the two independent ion pairs in compound 5. All structures exhibit non-classical hydrogen-bonding inter-actions with the most acidic hydrogen atoms in complexes 2 and 3 playing critical roles in the orientations of structural units.

Three new schinortriterpenoids from the leaves of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill

Three undescribed schinortriterpenoids, schinensilactones D-F (1-3), together with five known ones, namely, wuweizidilactone A (4), wuweizidilactone C (5), wuweizidilactone F (6), wuweizidilactone J (7) and wuweizidilactone N (8), were isolated from the leaves of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. The structures of new compounds were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data including MS, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. All compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. Cell viability was remarkably reduced to 52.33% in H2O2-treated cells. Compounds 5-7 exhibited moderate neuroprotective activities at 50 μM, with cell viability of 64.84%, 67.34% and 63.73%, respectively.

Single-crystal structure of the spicy capsaicin

The crystal structure of capsaicin (C18H27NO3), or trans-8-methyl-N-vanillylnon-6-enamide, the natural product responsible for the spiciness of chilli peppers, was determined using low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reported crystal structure is in good agreement with previous determinations based on powder X-ray diffraction data. The localization and free refinement of all H atoms revealed that each capsaicin molecule is hydrogen bonded to four other molecules, with the O-H and N-H groups acting as hydrogen-bond donors, and the C=O group serving as a bifurcated hydrogen-bond acceptor.

Anticancer efficacy of thiazole-naphthyl derivatives targeting DNA: Synthesis, crystal structure, density functional theory, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies

Two newly synthesized ligands, 1-((2-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (HL1) and 1-((2-(4-(naphthalen-1-yl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (HL2) were characterized using spectroscopy and single X-ray crystallography. Both belong to triclinic systems with space groups P21/c (HL1) and P-1 (HL2), exhibiting planar structures. Biological assays revealed significant antitumor activity, with HL2 showing significant antitumor activity against HepG2 cells (IC50: 3.2 ± 0.1 μM) compared to HL1 (IC50: 7.3 ± 0.3 μM). Mechanistic studies revealed HL2 induces apoptosis, while HL1 triggers necroptosis, and both were non-toxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). UV-Vis titration showed that HL2 binds more strongly to DNA (Kb: 1.08 ± 0.215 × 105 M-1) than HL1 (Kb: 1.02 ± 0.155 × 104 M-1), attributed to stronger naphthyl chromophore stacking with DNA base pairs. Supporting this, hypochromic effects, circular dichroism spectra, and increased DNA viscosity suggest HL2 is a moderate intercalator, while HL1 functions as a groover binder. Docking studies revealed that in HL2, an additional naphthyl group enhances DNA binding affinity, explaining its superior efficacy. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the stable binding of both ligands to DNA in the biological environment. These experimental and theoretical findings highlight the superior binding affinity of HL2 and its potential as a promising candidate for cancer therapy.

5-Acetyl-2-amino-4-(2-fluoro-phen-yl)-6-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carbo-nitrile dichlo-methane hemisolvate

The title compound, 2C15H13FN2O2·CH2Cl2, crystallizes with two main mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit with a disordered di-chloro-methane solvent mol-ecule. The dihedral angles between the fluoro phenyl ring and 4H-pyran ring are 74.36 (15) and 80.69 (15)° in the two mol-ecules. In the crystal, N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a two-dimensional supra-molecular network propagating in the (100) plane.

7-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-hydroxy-5-methylpyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4(3H)-one: synthesis, solvatomorphism, in vitro anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity studies and in silico analysis

The newly obtained compound 7-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-hydroxy-5-methylpyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4(3H)-one (CPM) was crystallized as two new variable solvates, namely, the dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate, C14H10ClN3O2·C2H6SO (I), and the sesquisolvate, C14H10ClN3O2·1.5C2H6SO (II), and their structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In previous work, 1-hydroxy-5-methyl-7-phenylpyrido[3,4-d]pyridazin-4(3H)-one (PM) was found to display anticancer activity. In the next step of our studies, we synthesized a new derivative of PM, introducing a Cl atom into the PM structure, obtaining CPM, which showed not only anticancer but also anti-inflammatory activity. CPM and the new semi-products of each step of the synthesis were examined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses, and mass spectrometry. CPM forms (I) and (II) crystallize in the triclinic P1 and monoclinic C2/c space groups, respectively, and differ in the stoichiometry of the CPM and DMSO molecules in the crystal lattice, being 1:1 and 1:1.5 for (I) and (II), respectively. A powder X-ray diffraction analysis was performed only for solvate (I) due to the lack of stability of solvate (II). The potential cytotoxicity of CPM was evaluated against the normal cell lines L929 and RPTEC, as well as the cancer cell lines A172, AGS, CACO-2 and HepG2. The anti-inflammatory activity of CPM was also evaluated using colorimetric assay for the inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2. The same biological tests were carried out for PM to compare the activities of both compounds. The biological studies revealed that CPM does not exhibit more activity than PM. Moreover, in silico analysis of the bioavailability and molecular docking were performed.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of aqua-(1H-imidazole-κN 3)[N-(2-oxido-benzyl-idene)threonato-κ3 O,N,O']zinc(II)

The title complex, [Zn(C11H11NO4)(C3H4N2)(H2O)], which includes a tridentate ligand, was synthesized from l-threonine and salicyl-aldehyde. One water mol-ecule and one imidazole mol-ecule additionally coordinate the zinc(II) center in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. The crystal structure features N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the packing are from H⋯H/H⋯H (50.7%) and O⋯H/H⋯O (25.0%) contacts.

Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of methyl (2Z)-(4-bromo-phen-yl)[2-(4-methyl-phen-yl)hydrazinyl-idene]acetate, methyl (2Z)-(4-bromophen-yl)[2-(3,5-di-methyl-phen-yl)hydrazinyl-idene]acetate, methyl (2Z)-[2-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)hydrazinyl-idene](3-nitro-phen-yl)acetate, methyl (2E)-(4-chlorophen-yl)(2-phenyl-hydrazinyl-idene)acetate and methyl (2Z)-[2-(4-bromo-phen-yl)hydrazinylidene](4-chloro-phen-yl)acetate

Mol-ecules of the title compounds, methyl (Z)-2-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-2-[2-(4-methyl-phen-yl)hydrazin-1-yl-idene]acetate, C16H15BrN2O 2 , (1), methyl (Z)-2-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-2-[2-(3,5-di-methyl-phen-yl)hydrazin-1-yl-idene]acetate, C17H17BrN2O2, (2), methyl (Z)-2-[2-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)hydrazin-1-yl-idene]-2-(3-nitro-phen-yl)acetate, C16H15N3O5, (3), and methyl (Z)-2-[2-(4-bromo-phen-yl)hydrazin-1-yl-idene]-2-(4-chloro-phen-yl)acetate, C15H12BrClN2O2, (5), adopt a Z configuration with respect to the central C=N bond, while methyl (E)-2-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-2-(2-phenyl-hydrazin-1-yl-idene)acetate, C15H13ClN2O2, (4), adopts an E configuration. The atoms of the phenyl ring of the bromo-phenyl group of (1) are disordered over two sets of sites with equal occupancies. In the crystal structure of (1), mol-ecules connected by C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds are further linked by C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming ribbons parallel to [010]. In (2), pairs of mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯π inter-actions parallel to [100]. In (3), C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form ribbons parallel to [010], while in (4), the mol-ecules are bonded together by C-H⋯N, C-H⋯Cl, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions parallel to [010]. In (5), C-H⋯Br, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl inter-actions lead to the formation of layers parallel to (002). C-H⋯π inter-actions also occur between these planes. Hirshfeld surface analyses were performed to investigate and qu-antify the inter-molecular inter-actions between the mol-ecules of all compounds.

Influence of Ligands on the Surface Characteristics of CoMo/γ-Al2O3 and Hydrodesulfurization Catalytic Activity on Dibenzothiophene-Type Compounds

Refractory sulfur compounds in fuel oils combust, releasing sulfur oxides (SOx) into the atmosphere, which is a significant source of pollution. In this study, we focused on comparing the surface properties and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity of CoMo-(L)/γ-Al2O3 containing chelating ligands (L), specifically acetic acid (AA), with those of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA). CoMo/γ-Al2O3, CoMo-AA/γ-Al2O3, CoMo-EDTA/γ-Al2O3 and CoMo/γ-Al2O3 were prepared by hydrothermal treatment of the mixtures of Co(NO3)2.6H2O and (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O with stoichiometric Co/Mo ratios and enriched with chelating ligands (L=AA, CA and EDTA). Based on the product distributions of the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT), a reaction pathway of dibenzothiophene (DBT) HDS was proposed to follow hydrogenation (HYD) and direct desulfurization (DDS) routes. In addition, the ligand modification of CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts resulted in enhancement of surface properties and HDS activity which is in the order of CoMo-CA/γ-Al2O3 (98 %)> CoMo-AA/γ-Al2O3 (94 %) > CoMo-EDTA/γ-Al2O3 (90 %) > CoMo/γ-Al2O3 (43 %). CoMo-AA/γ-Al2O3 presented a higher HYD/DDS ratio compared to CoMo-CA/γ-Al2O3, CoMo-EDTA/γ-Al2O3, and CoMo/γ-Al2O3, respectively which makes it a promising HDS catalyst.

(E)-N-[4-(Di-ethyl-amino)-2-hy-droxy-benzyl-idene]-2,4,6-tri-methyl-benzenaminium nitrate

The crystal structure of the title salt, C20H27N2O+·NO3 -, has a cationic (E)-mesityl-N-[4-(di-ethyl-amino)-benzyl-idene]benzenaminium species and a nitrate counter-ion in the asymmetric-unit. In the crystal, alternating inter-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding occurs between neighbouring protonated Schiff bases and nitrate ions within a supra-molecular, chain-like architecture that extends along the crystallographic b-axis direction.