401
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Kapilashrami A. What is intersectionality and what promise does it hold for advancing a rights-based sexual and reproductive health agenda? BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2019; 46:bmjsrh-2019-200314. [PMID: 31690582 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kapilashrami
- Global Public Health Unity, Centre for Primary Care & Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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402
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine how prevalence and context of sexual inactivity varies across the life-course, assess dissatisfaction with sex life among those who are sexually inactive and identify associations with factors that may represent reasons for sexual inactivity. DESIGN Analysis of cross-sectional probability sample survey data. SETTING British general population. PARTICIPANTS 14 623 participants (n men: 6045 unweighted, 7245 weighted), aged 16-74 years, of the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3), undertaken in 2010-2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sexual inactivity, defined as not reporting oral, vaginal or anal intercourse in the past year and further categorised into those who were sexually inexperienced (had never had sex), single or in a relationship. RESULTS Overall, 15.9% (weighted n 1155/7245) of men and 22.2% (1646/7410) of women were sexually inactive (p<0.001). The proportion of sexually inactive individuals who were sexually inexperienced was larger among men than women (26.3% (304/1155) vs 16.3% (268/1646)), while the proportion who were singles was larger among women (49.8% (820/1646) vs 40.4% (467/1155)). Sexual inexperience was the most common type of sexual inactivity in early adulthood, with this declining with age. A minority of those who had sexual experience but were sexually inactive-34.8% (293/842) of men and 23.6% (319/1349) of women-reported being dissatisfied with their sex lives. Associations with sexual inactivity was observed for a range of sociodemographics and sexual behaviours/attitudes, for example, religion, ethnicity, Body mass index, height, employment status and index of multiple deprivation; these associations varied by type of sexual inactivity and gender. CONCLUSIONS While sex is important for well-being, a non-negligible proportion of the population at all ages are sexually inactive, yet many are not dissatisfied with their situation, with implications for sex and relationship counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ueda
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Global Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Catherine H Mercer
- Centre for Population Research in Sexual Health and HIV, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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403
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Zahlan L, Khauli N, Khoury B. Sexual health services in the Arab region: Availability, access, and utilisation. Glob Public Health 2019; 15:485-496. [PMID: 31640471 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2019.1682029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sexual health is shaped by cultural, economic, and social norms in society. In the Arab region, cultural sensitivities and taboos surrounding sexuality are prominent and may prevent individuals from accessing and utilising sexual health services. It is important to map out available sexual health services to identify the challenges in availability, access, and treatment, and determine opportunities for improvement. We collected data on sexual health services through (1) relevant published and unpublished literature, (2) Arab media which included forums, websites, blogs and posts, and online surveys conducted in the Arab region, (3) a questionnaire emailed to sexual and reproductive health experts, organisations, clinics, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), (4) phone and in-person formal and informal interviews with sexual health experts in the field, and (5) advice and recommendations from sexual health experts attending a World Health Organization (WHO) consultation meeting in Dubai related to sexual health in the Arab region. Although there is significant progress when it comes to the availability and provision of sexual health services in Arab countries, there is still a lot to be done to ensure that appropriate needs are met. This study discusses the implication of findings to inform programme and policy implementation in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Zahlan
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Khauli
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brigitte Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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404
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De Sutter P. The ESC Madrid Declaration: promoting evidence-based SRHR policies with respect for human rights. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2019; 24:325-326. [PMID: 31525076 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2019.1662393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra De Sutter
- Reproductive Medicine, University Gent , Ghent , Belgium.,European Parliament , Brussels , Belgium.,European Parliamentary Forum for Sexual and Reproductive Rights , Brussels , Belgium
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405
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Abstract
Women who experience complications from abortion, whether unlawful or lawful, induced or spontaneous, need immediate post-abortion care. Delay in providing care might cause women's avoidable disability, lost childbearing capacity, or death. Rendering care is not an abortion procedure nor illegal, and does not justify conscientious objection. Harm reduction strategies to reduce effects of unsafe abortion may legitimately inform women who might consider resort to abortifacient interventions of their rights to professional post-abortion care. Healthcare practitioners' refusal or failure to provide available care might constitute ethical misconduct and attract legal liability, for instance for negligence. States are responsible to ensure healthcare practitioners' and facilities' provision of post-abortion care, including both medical care and psychological support, delivered with compassion and respect for dignity, and to suppress stigmatization of patients and/or caregivers. Mandatory reporting of patients suspected of criminal abortion violates professional confidentiality. States' failures of indicated care might constitute human rights violations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard M Dickens
- Faculty of Law and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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406
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Loyola Briceno AC, Ahrens KA, Thoma ME, Moskosky S. Availability of Services Related to Achieving Pregnancy in U.S. Publicly Funded Family Planning Clinics. Womens Health Issues 2019; 29:447-454. [PMID: 31494026 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognizing that quality family planning services should include services to help clients who want to become pregnant, the objective of our analysis was to examine the distribution of services related to achieving pregnancy at publicly funded family planning clinics in the United States. METHODS A nationally representative sample of publicly funded clinics was surveyed in 2013-2014 (n = 1615). Clinic administrators were asked about several clinical services and screenings related to achieving pregnancy: basic infertility services, reproductive life plan assessment, screening for body mass index, screening for sexually transmitted diseases, provision of natural family planning services, infertility treatment, and primary care services. The percentage of clinics offering each of these services was compared by Title X funding status; prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated after adjusting for clinic characteristics. RESULTS Compared to non-Title X clinics, Title X clinics were more likely to offer reproductive life plan assessment (adjusted PR [aPR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.42-1.84), body mass index screening for men (aPR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.21), screening for sexually transmitted diseases (aPRs ranged from 1.21 to 1.37), and preconception health care for men (aPR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.20). Title X clinics were less likely to offer infertility treatment (aPR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40-0.74) and primary care services (aPR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68-0.80) and were just as likely to offer basic infertility services, preconception health care services for women, natural family planning, and body mass index screening in women. CONCLUSIONS The availability of selected services related to achieving pregnancy differed by Title X status. A follow-up assessment after publication of national family planning recommendations is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine A Ahrens
- Office of Population Affairs, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland; University of Southern Maine, Muskie School of Public Service, Public Health Program, Portland, Maine
| | - Marie E Thoma
- University of Maryland, Department of Family Science, College Park, Maryland
| | - Susan Moskosky
- Office of Population Affairs, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
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407
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Thitasan A, Aytar O, Annerbäck EM, Velandia M. Young people's health and risk behaviours in relation to their sexual orientation: A cross-sectional study of Thailand and Sweden. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2019; 21:67-74. [PMID: 31395236 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations between sexual orientation of young people and their health and risk behaviours in Thailand and Sweden, and to explore similarities and differences between the countries. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study using data from the Life and Health - Young surveys in Thailand and Sweden. Three different statistical analyses were used to examine the associations of the variables. RESULTS In total, 3869 students aged 16-18 years old were included: 1488 Thai students and 2381 Swedish students. Significantly more Thai (20%) than Swedish (9%) students identified themselves as bisexual, homosexual or unsure (p < .001). Bivariate analysis showed that, in Thailand, self-harm was more often reported by the homosexual, unsure, and bisexual groups than by the heterosexual group (p = .005). In Sweden, early sexual debut was more often reported by the unsure, bisexual, and homosexual groups than by the heterosexual group (p = .033). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that homosexual and unsure sexual orientations were significantly associated with self-harm (p < .05) among Thai students. Unsure sexual orientation was significantly associated with early sexual debut (p = .04) among Swedish students. Multiple correspondence analysis indicated that sexual orientation was associated with health and risk behaviours, and varied by different subcategories of students' backgrounds such as country, sexual orientation, family structure and adult support. CONCLUSIONS Sexual minority young people reported more risk behaviours and poorer health than their heterosexual counterparts. The findings are useful for policy programmes on sexual and reproductive health and rights of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Thitasan
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Sweden; Boromarajonani, College of Nursing, Sunpasithiprasong, Thailand.
| | - Osman Aytar
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, P.O. Box 325, SE-631 05 Eskilstuna, Sweden.
| | - Eva-Maria Annerbäck
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Kungsgatan 41, S-63188 Eskilstuna, Sweden.
| | - Marianne Velandia
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Box 883, S-721 23 Västerås, Sweden.
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408
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Barroso C, Sinding SW. Sexual and reproductive health and rights and population policies: from "either/or" to "both/and". Lancet 2019; 394:357-358. [PMID: 31230830 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Barroso
- WHO Gender and Rights Technical Advisory Group, Geneva, Switzerland
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409
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Nagai M, Bellizzi S, Murray J, Kitong J, Cabral EI, Sobel HL. Opportunities lost: Barriers to increasing the use of effective contraception in the Philippines. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218187. [PMID: 31344054 PMCID: PMC6657820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the Philippines, one in four pregnancies are unintended and 610 000 unsafe abortions are performed each year. This study explored the association between missed opportunities to provide family planning counseling, quality of counseling and its impact on utilization of effective contraception in the Philippines. Methods One-hundred-one nationally representative health facilities were randomly selected from five levels of the health system. Sexually-active women 18–49 years old, wanting to delay or limit childbearing, attending primary care clinics between April 24 and August 8, 2017 were included. Data on contraceptive use, counseling and availability were collected using interviews and facility assessments. Effective contraceptive methods were defined as those with rates of unintended pregnancy of less than 10 per 100 women in first year of typical use. Findings 849 women were recruited of whom 51.1% currently used effective contraceptive methods, 20.6% were former effective method users and 28.3% had never used an effective method. Of 1664 cumulative clinic visits reported by women in the previous year, 72.6% had a missed opportunity to receive family planning counseling at any visit regardless of level of facility, with 83.7% having a missed counseling opportunity on the day of the interview. Most women (55.9%) reported health concerns about modern contraception, with 2.9% receiving counseling addressing their concerns. Only 0.6% of former users and 2.1% never-users said they would consider starting a modern contraceptive in the future. Short and long acting reversible contraceptive methods were available in 93% and 68% of facilities respectively. Conclusions Missed opportunities to provide family planning counseling are widespread in the Philippines. Delivery of effective contraceptive methods requires that wider legal, policy, social, cultural, and structural barriers are addressed, coupled with systems approaches for improving availability and quality of counseling at all primary health care contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Nagai
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Saverio Bellizzi
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John Murray
- Independent consultant, maternal and child health, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Kitong
- World Health Organization Philippines Country Office, Manila, Philippines
| | - Esperanza I. Cabral
- Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health National Implementation Team (RP-RH NIT), Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Howard L. Sobel
- Division of NCD and Health through Life-Course, Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization Regional Office of the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
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410
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Likis FE. New Aims and Scope for the
Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
Support Health Equity, Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Gender‐Inclusive Language. J Midwifery Womens Health 2019; 64:369-370. [DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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411
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Cole MS, Boydell V, Hardee K, Bellows B. The Extent to Which Performance-Based Financing Programs' Operations Manuals Reflect Rights-Based Principles: Implications for Family Planning Services. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019; 7:329-339. [PMID: 31249026 PMCID: PMC6641818 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-19-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rights principles should be prioritized and more clearly stated in performance-based financing (PBF) guidance and operational documents. Additional research, including development of validated measurement metrics, is needed to help PBF programs systematically align with rights-based approaches to health care including family planning. Recognition is growing that development programs need to be guided by rights as well as to promote, protect, and fulfill them. Drawing from a content analysis of performance-based financing (PBF) implementation manuals, we quantify the extent to which these manuals use a rights perspective to frame family planning services. PBF is an adaptable service purchasing strategy that aims to improve equity and quality of health service provision. PBF can contribute toward achieving global family planning goals and has institutional support from multiple development partners including the Global Financing Facility in support of Every Woman Every Child. A review of 23 PBF implementation manuals finds that all documents are focused largely on the implementation of quality and accountability mechanisms, but few address issues of accessibility, availability, informed choice, acceptability, and/or nondiscrimination and equity. Notably, operational inclusion of agency, autonomy, empowerment, and/or voluntarism of health care clients is absent. Based on these findings, we argue that current PBF programs incorporate some mention of rights but are not systematically aligned with a rights-based approach. If PBF programs better reflected the importance of client-centered, rights-based programming, program performance could be improved and risk of infringing rights could be reduced. Given the mixed evidence for PBF benefits and the risk of perverse incentives in earlier PBF programs that were not aligned with rights-based approaches, we argue that greater attention to the rights principles of acceptability, accessibility, availability, and quality; accountability; agency and empowerment; equity and nondiscrimination; informed choice and decision making; participation; and privacy and confidentiality would improve health service delivery and health system performance for all stakeholders with clients at the center. Based on this review, we recommend making the rights-based approach explicit in PBF; progressively operationalizing rights, drawing from local experience; validating rights-based metrics to address measurement gaps; and recognizing the economic value of aligning PBF with rights principles. Such recommendations anchor an aspirational rights agenda with a practical PBF strategy on the need and opportunity for validated metrics.
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412
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Ghaznavi C, Sakamoto H, Yoneoka D, Nomura S, Shibuya K, Ueda P. Trends in heterosexual inexperience among young adults in Japan: analysis of national surveys, 1987-2015. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:355. [PMID: 30955502 PMCID: PMC6452514 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that an increasing number of Japanese adults remain sexually inexperienced; however, no study has assessed this issue using nationally representative data. METHODS We used data from seven rounds of the National Fertility Survey of Japan, 1987-2015, and included adults aged 18-39 years (18-34 years in the 1987 survey) in the analyses (sample size 11,553-17,850 [1987-2010]; response rate 70.0-92.5%). For each survey year, sex and age group, we estimated the age-adjusted prevalence of heterosexual inexperience, defined as reporting no experience of sexual intercourse with someone of the opposite sex. We used logistic regression, adjusted for age, to identify factors associated with heterosexual inexperience in the 2010 survey. Information about same-sex sexual experience was not available. RESULTS Between 1992 and 2015, the age-standardized prevalence of heterosexual inexperience in adults aged 18-39 years increased from 21.7 to 24.6% for women (p-values for linear and quadratic trend < 0.05) and from 20.0 to 25.8% for men (p-values for trend < 0.05). Among those aged 30-34 years, the prevalence was 6.2% in 1987 and 11.9% in 2015 for women (p-values for trend ≥0.05) and 8.8% (1987) and 12.7% (2015) for men (p-values for trend ≥0.05). Among those aged 35-39 years, prevalence increased from 4.0% in 1992 to 8.9% in 2015 among women (p-values for trend < 0.05). The corresponding numbers for men in the same age group were 5.5 and 9.5%, respectively (p-values for trend ≥0.05). Among men aged 25-39 years, unemployment, temporary/part-time employment and lower income were associated with heterosexual inexperience. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of young Japanese adults with no experience of heterosexual intercourse had increased in the past two decades. Among adults in their thirties, around one in ten had no heterosexual experience. Unemployment, temporary/part-time employment and low income were associated with heterosexual inexperience among men. Further research is needed on the factors contributing to and the potential public health and demographic implications of the high proportion of the Japanese population that remains sexually inexperienced well into adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Ghaznavi
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruka Sakamoto
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoneoka
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Shibuya
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Peter Ueda
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17071, Stockholm, Sweden.
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413
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Hardon A, Pell C, Taqueban E, Narasimhan M. Sexual and reproductive self care among women and girls: insights from ethnographic studies. BMJ 2019; 365:l1333. [PMID: 30936060 PMCID: PMC6441865 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ethnographic studies examining how women manage their sexual and reproductive health can inform strategies to address unmet needs, say Anita Hardon and colleagues
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Hardon
- Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christopher Pell
- Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Efenita Taqueban
- Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Manjulaa Narasimhan
- Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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414
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Remme M, Narasimhan M, Wilson D, Ali M, Vijayasingham L, Ghani F, Allotey P. Self care interventions for sexual and reproductive health and rights: costs, benefits, and financing. BMJ 2019; 365:l1228. [PMID: 30936210 PMCID: PMC6441864 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Remme
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manjulaa Narasimhan
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, and UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Moazzam Ali
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, and UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lavanya Vijayasingham
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatima Ghani
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pascale Allotey
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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415
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Brisson J. A Critique of O'Byrne's Understanding of Ethnography and the Politics of Public Health Research. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:739-746. [PMID: 30547734 DOI: 10.1177/1049732318808802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Patrick O'Byrne criticizes the use of ethnography in public health research focused on cultural groups. His main argument is that ethnography disciplines marginalized populations that do not respect the imperative of health. In this article, I argue that O'Byrne has an erroneous understanding of ethnography and the politics of scientific research. My main argument is that a methodology itself cannot discipline individuals. I argue that if data are used as a basis to develop problematic public health policies, the issue is the policies themselves and not the methodology used to collect the data. While O'Byrne discourages researchers from conducting health research like ethnography focused on cultural groups, I argue the exact opposite. This has to do with justice and equity for marginalized communities and the obligation to tailor health services for their specific needs, which may not be the same as those of the general population.
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416
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Nabaneh S, Muula AS. Female genital mutilation/cutting in Africa: A complex legal and ethical landscape. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 145:253-257. [PMID: 30779344 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
While international and regional human rights instruments have recognized female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) as one of the most prevalent forms of violence against women and girls, in many African states FGM/C is a deeply entrenched cultural practice. There is a consensus against FGM, as evidenced by its criminalization in several African countries. The mere fact that the practice continues despite legislative measures to protect women and girls against FGM raises the question of whether change can be legislated. The present article summarizes the trends and effectiveness of FGM criminalization in Africa, including prohibition of medicalization of FGM. Against the backdrop of emerging debate on medicalization of FGM as a harm reduction strategy, we also examine its complex legal and ethical implications. The article argues that while criminalization may not be the best means of stopping FGM, it creates an enabling environment to facilitate the overall strategy of African governments in eradication of the practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satang Nabaneh
- Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of law, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Adamson S Muula
- Africa Center of Excellence in Public Health and Herbal Medicine (ACEPHEM), Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
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417
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Bateson DJ, Black KI, Sawleshwarkar S. The Guttmacher–
Lancet
Commission on sexual and reproductive health and rights: how does Australia measure up? Med J Aust 2019; 210:250-252.e1. [DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten I Black
- University of Sydney Sydney NSW
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney NSW
| | - Shailendra Sawleshwarkar
- Westmead Clinical SchoolUniversity of Sydney Sydney NSW
- Western Sydney Sexual Health CentreWestmead Hospital Sydney NSW
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418
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Hensel DJ. Supporting Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Through Innovative Research Approaches. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:288-289. [PMID: 30819329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Hensel
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Sociology, Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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419
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Hammarström S, Nilsen P, Lindroth M, Stenqvist K, Bernhardsson S. Identifying young people exposed to or at risk of sexual ill health: pilot implementation of an evidence-informed toolkit (SEXIT) at Swedish youth clinics. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2019; 24:45-53. [DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2018.1564815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Hammarström
- Department of Medical and Health Science, Division of Community Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Närhälsan Knowledge Center for Sexual Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsen
- Department of Medical and Health Science, Division of Community Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Lindroth
- Department of Nursing Sciences, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Faculty of Health and Society, Centre for Sexology and Sexuality Studies, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Stenqvist
- Närhälsan Knowledge Center for Sexual Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Bernhardsson
- Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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420
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DeBeaudrap P, Mouté C, Pasquier E, Mac-Seing M, Mukangwije PU, Beninguisse G. Disability and Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Cameroon: A Mediation Analysis of the Role of Socioeconomic Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030417. [PMID: 30717101 PMCID: PMC6388229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence showing that people with disabilities face more frequently socioeconomic inequities than their non-disabled peers. This study aims to examine to what extent socioeconomic consequences of disability contribute to poorer access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services for Cameroonian with disabilities and how these outcomes vary with disabilities characteristics and gender. It uses data from a population-based survey conducted in 2015 in Yaounde, Cameroon. Mediation analysis was performed to determine how much of the total association between disability and the use, satisfaction and difficulties to access SRH services was mediated by education level, material wellbeing lifetime work participation and availability of social support. Overall, disability was associated with deprivation for all socioeconomic factors assessed though significant variation with the nature and severity of the functional limitations was observed. Lower education level and restricted lifetime work mediated a large part of the association between disability and lower use of HIV testing and of family planning. By contrast, while people with disabilities reported more difficulties to use a SRH service, no mediating was identified. In conclusion, Cameroonians with disabilities since childhood have restricted access to SRH services resulting from socioeconomic factors occurring early during the life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre DeBeaudrap
- Centre Etude en Population (CEPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM 1244, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Charles Mouté
- Centre Etude en Population (CEPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM 1244, 75006 Paris, France.
- Institut de Formation et de Recherche Démographiques (IFORD), Yaounde BP1556, Cameroon.
| | - Estelle Pasquier
- Expertise France-5% Initiative for HIV, Malaria and TB, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Muriel Mac-Seing
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada.
| | | | - Gervais Beninguisse
- Institut de Formation et de Recherche Démographiques (IFORD), Yaounde BP1556, Cameroon.
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421
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Farquhar CM, Bhattacharya S, Repping S, Mastenbroek S, Kamath MS, Marjoribanks J, Boivin J. Female subfertility. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:7. [PMID: 30679436 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Subfertility is common and affects one in six couples, half of whom lack an explanation for their delay in conceiving. Developments in the diagnosis and treatment of subfertility over the past 50 years have been truly remarkable. Indeed, current generations of couples with subfertility are more fortunate than previous generations, as they have many more opportunities to become parents. The timely access to effective treatment for subfertility is important as many couples have a narrow window of opportunity before the age-related effects of subfertility limit the likelihood of success. Assisted reproduction can overcome the barriers to fertility caused by tubal disease and low sperm count, but little progress has been made in reducing the effect of increasing age on ovarian function. The next 5-10 years will likely see further increases in birth rates in women with subfertility, a greater awareness of lifestyle factors and a possible refinement of current assisted reproduction techniques and the development of new ones. Such progress will bring challenging questions regarding the potential benefits and harms of treatments involving germ cell manipulation, artificial gametes, genetic screening of embryos and gene editing of embryos. We hope to see a major increase in fertility awareness, access to safe and cost-effective fertility care in low-income countries and a reduction in the current disparity of access to fertility care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Farquhar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Siladitya Bhattacharya
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sjoerd Repping
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Mastenbroek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mohan S Kamath
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Jane Marjoribanks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacky Boivin
- School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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422
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Burns R, Pathak N, Campos-Matos I, Zenner D, Katikireddi SV, Muzyamba MC, Miranda JJ, Gilbert R, Rutter H, Jones L, Williamson E, Hayward AC, Smeeth L, Abubakar I, Hemingway H, Aldridge RW. Million Migrants study of healthcare and mortality outcomes in non-EU migrants and refugees to England: Analysis protocol for a linked population-based cohort study of 1.5 million migrants. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:4. [PMID: 30801036 PMCID: PMC6381442 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15007.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In 2017, 15.6% of the people living in England were born abroad, yet we have a limited understanding of their use of health services and subsequent health conditions. This linked population-based cohort study aims to describe the hospital-based healthcare and mortality outcomes of 1.5 million non-European Union (EU) migrants and refugees in England. Methods and analysis: We will link four data sources: first, non-EU migrant tuberculosis pre-entry screening data; second, refugee pre-entry health assessment data; third, national hospital episode statistics; and fourth, Office of National Statistics death records. Using this linked dataset, we will then generate a population-based cohort to examine hospital-based events and mortality outcomes in England between Jan 1, 2006, and Dec 31, 2017. We will compare outcomes across three groups in our analyses: 1) non-EU international migrants, 2) refugees, and 3) general population of England. Ethics and dissemination: We will obtain approval to use unconsented patient identifiable data from the Secretary of State for Health through the Confidentiality Advisory Group and the National Health Service Research Ethics Committee. After data linkage, we will destroy identifying data and undertake all analyses using the pseudonymised dataset. The results will provide policy makers and civil society with detailed information about the health needs of non-EU international migrants and refugees in England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Burns
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neha Pathak
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Dominik Zenner
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - J. Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ruth Gilbert
- Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
- Administrative Data Research Centre for England, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harry Rutter
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Lucy Jones
- UK programme manager, Doctors of the World, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Williamson
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew C. Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harry Hemingway
- Institute of Health Informatics Research, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert W. Aldridge
- Centre for Public Health Data Science, University College London, London, UK
- Public Health England, London, UK
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423
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Flood D, Petersen A, Martinez B, Chary A, Austad K, Rohloff P. Associations between contraception and stunting in Guatemala: secondary analysis of the 2014-2015 Demographic and Health Survey. BMJ Paediatr Open 2019; 3:e000510. [PMID: 31531407 PMCID: PMC6721081 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been limited research on the relationship between contraception and child growth in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examines the association between contraception and child linear growth in Guatemala, an LMIC with a very high prevalence of child stunting. We hypothesise that contraceptive use is associated with better child linear growth and less stunting in Guatemala. METHODS Using representative national data on 12 440 children 0-59 months of age from the 2014-2015 Demographic and Health Survey in Guatemala, we constructed multivariable linear and Poisson regression models to assess whether child linear growth and stunting were associated with contraception variables. All models were adjusted for a comprehensive set of prespecified confounding variables. RESULTS Contraceptive use was generally associated with modest, statistically significant greater height-for-age z-score. Current use of a modern method for at least 15 months was associated with a prevalence ratio of stunting of 0.87 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.94; p<0.001), and prior use of a modern method was associated with a prevalence ratio of stunting of 0.93 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.98; p<0.05). The severe stunting models found generally similar associations with modern contraceptive use as the stunting models. There was no significant association between use of a modern method for less than 15 months and the prevalence ratio of stunting or severe stunting. CONCLUSIONS Contraceptive use was associated with better child linear growth and less child stunting in Guatemala. In addition to the human rights imperative to expand contraceptive access and choice, family planning merits further study as a strategy to improve child growth in Guatemala and other countries with high prevalence of stunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Flood
- Wuqu' Kawoq, Santiago Sacatepéquez, Guatemala.,Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Ashley Petersen
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Anita Chary
- Wuqu' Kawoq, Santiago Sacatepéquez, Guatemala.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kirsten Austad
- Wuqu' Kawoq, Santiago Sacatepéquez, Guatemala.,Department of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Peter Rohloff
- Wuqu' Kawoq, Santiago Sacatepéquez, Guatemala.,Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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424
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Åkerman E, Larsson EC, Essén B, Westerling R. A missed opportunity? Lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health services among immigrant women in Sweden. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2018; 19:64-70. [PMID: 30928137 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among immigrant women is often related to limited access, or suboptimal use of healthcare services. This study investigates the knowledge about and use of sexual and reproductive healthcare services among immigrant women in Sweden. METHOD A cross-sectional study of 288 immigrant women. A structured questionnaire was distributed among immigrants speaking Arabic, Dari, Somali or English registered at Swedish language schools for immigrants. Data collection took place in 19 strategically selected schools in Sweden. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regressions were used for the analysis. RESULTS About one-third of the immigrant women reported lack of knowledge of where to go for contraceptive counselling. Experiencing lack of emotional social support and not having had children was associated with this lack of knowledge. An even higher proportion (56%) lacked knowledge of where to go to be HIV tested, and this was associated with not having participated in a health examination. Almost 25% stated that their culture kept them back from using contraception. CONCLUSION Lack of knowledge of where to turn for contraceptive counselling and HIV testing among immigrant women participating in Swedish language schools for immigrants could be considered as a missed opportunity, as all citizens in Sweden have free access to these services. New health policies and strategies should aim to increase knowledge of SRH services among immigrants. Swedish language schools could play an important role in increasing knowledge of SRH-related information as many new immigrants become students during their first years in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Åkerman
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Elin C Larsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Essén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Westerling
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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425
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Reivindicación histórica y científica de la Humanae vitae, cincuenta años después. PERSONA Y BIOÉTICA 2018. [DOI: 10.5294/pebi.2018.22.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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426
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Hasan-Ul-Bari SM, Ahmed T. Ensuring sexual and reproductive health and rights of Rohingya women and girls. Lancet 2018; 392:2439-2440. [PMID: 30527418 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek Ahmed
- Bangladesh Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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427
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Buller AM, Schulte MC. Aligning human rights and social norms for adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09688080.2018.1542914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Buller
- Assistant Professor, Deputy Director Gender Violence and Health Centre, Social Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marie Celine Schulte
- Research Fellow, Gender, Violence and Health Centre, Social Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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428
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Sadinsky S, Singh S, Summers C. Securing the right to safe and legal abortion: perspectives from the Guttmacher-Lancet Commission. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09688080.2018.1542915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Sadinsky
- International Communications Manager, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susheela Singh
- Vice President for International Research, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA; Commissioner, Guttmacher-Lancet Commission on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights
| | - Cynthia Summers
- Interim co-CEO, Chief Operating Officer and Vice President for Communications & Publications, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA
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429
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Birga V, Cabal L, O'Hanlon L, Zampas C. Criminal law and the risk of harm: a commentary on the impact of criminal laws on sexual and reproductive health, sexual conduct and key populations. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09688080.2018.1543991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Birga
- Senior Human Rights Officer, Chief of the Women’s Rights and Gender Section, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
| | - Luisa Cabal
- Special Adviser, Gender and Human Rights, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
| | - Lucinda O'Hanlon
- Human Rights Adviser, Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization
| | - Christina Zampas
- Independent consultant and Reproductive and Sexual Health Law Fellow, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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430
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Abstract
When conducted in a legal setting and under safe conditions, abortion is an extremely effective and safe procedure. Tragically, almost half of all abortions that take place in the world are conducted under unsafe conditions, mostly in countries where abortion is illegal or highly restricted. These unsafe abortions are a major cause of maternal death and disability. Restricting a woman’s access to abortion does not prevent abortion but simply leads to more unsafe abortions. Barriers to safe abortion are many but include legal barriers, health policy barriers, shortages of trained healthcare workers, and stigma surrounding abortion. This commentary will consider some recent advances to improve access to safe abortion as well as refinements in abortion methods and service delivery in settings where safe abortion is available that further improve the care and wellbeing of women who seek abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Cameron
- Chalmers Centre, NHS Lothian & University of Edinburgh, 2a Chalmers Street, Edinburgh, EH3 9ES, UK
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431
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Plant A, Baird S, Liu BA, Korin L, Hill L. American College of Preventive Medicine Position Statement: Reproductive Health Care. Am J Prev Med 2018; 55:934-942. [PMID: 30454643 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Plant
- Reproductive Rights and Programming Consultant, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Baird
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Brandy A Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Laura Korin
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Linda Hill
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California.
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432
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Foreword: Contraceptive Strategies for Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2018; 48:319-320. [PMID: 30466838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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433
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Temmerman M. Missed opportunities in women's health: post-abortion care. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2018; 7:e12-e13. [PMID: 30503403 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Temmerman
- Aga Khan University, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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434
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Hussein J, Cottingham J, Mbizvo M, Kismödi E. Sexual and reproductive health and rights matters: a new age. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS 2018; 26:1544770. [PMID: 30475678 DOI: 10.1080/09688080.2018.1544770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hussein
- a Editor-in Chief, Reproductive Health Matters , London , UK
| | - Jane Cottingham
- b Chair, Board of Trustees, Reproductive Health Matters , London , UK
| | - Mike Mbizvo
- c Member, Board of Trustees, Reproductive Health Matters, London, UK; Zambia Country Director, Population Council , Lusaka , Zambia
| | - Eszter Kismödi
- d Chief Executive, Reproductive Health Matters , London , UK
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435
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Watkins DA, Yamey G, Schäferhoff M, Adeyi O, Alleyne G, Alwan A, Berkley S, Feachem R, Frenk J, Ghosh G, Goldie SJ, Guo Y, Gupta S, Knaul F, Kruk M, Nugent R, Ogbuoji O, Qi J, Reddy S, Saxenian H, Soucat A, Jamison DT, Summers LH. Alma-Ata at 40 years: reflections from the Lancet Commission on Investing in Health. Lancet 2018; 392:1434-1460. [PMID: 30343859 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Watkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Gavin Yamey
- Center for Policy Impact in Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Olusoji Adeyi
- Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Ala Alwan
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Richard Feachem
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julio Frenk
- Office of the President, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gargee Ghosh
- Development Policy and Finance, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sue J Goldie
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | | | - Felicia Knaul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Margaret Kruk
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Osondu Ogbuoji
- Center for Policy Impact in Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jinyuan Qi
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Agnés Soucat
- Department of Health Systems Finance and Governance, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dean T Jamison
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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436
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Bell S, Kennedy E, Black K, Vallely A, Vallely L, Mola G, Kaldor J, Bagita M, Ninnes C, Pomat W, Kelly-Hanku A. Youth-centred research to help prevent and mitigate the adverse health and social impacts of pregnancy amongst young Papua New Guineans. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS 2018; 26:5-12. [DOI: 10.1080/09688080.2018.1512297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bell
- Senior Research Fellow, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Visiting Fellow, Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elissa Kennedy
- Co-Program Director, Maternal and Child Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Adjunct Senior Lecturer, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Honorary Fellow, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kirsten Black
- Associate Professor, Joint Head of Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Vallely
- Associate Professor, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Professorial Research Fellow, PNG Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Lisa Vallely
- Research Fellow, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glen Mola
- Professor, Head of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of PNG, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - John Kaldor
- Scientia Professor, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary Bagita
- Co-ordinator, O&G Division, Port Moresby General Hospital, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Caroline Ninnes
- Health Service Programs Manager, Susu Mamas, Papua New Guinea
| | - William Pomat
- Director, PNG Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Angela Kelly-Hanku
- Scientia Fellow, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Senior Principal Reseach Fellow and Head, Sexual & Reproductive Health Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), Goroka, Papua New Guinea
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437
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Singh S. Inclusion of menstrual health in sexual and reproductive health and rights - Authors' reply. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2018; 2:e19. [PMID: 30119725 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susheela Singh
- Commissioner, Guttmacher-Lancet Commission on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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438
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Berdzuli N, Mikkelsen B, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Time to act - reaching the sexual and reproductive health goals of Agenda 2030. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97:905-906. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nino Berdzuli
- World Health Organization; Regional Office for Europe; Coppenhagen Denmark
| | - Bente Mikkelsen
- World Health Organization; Regional Office for Europe; Coppenhagen Denmark
| | - Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Division of Obtetrics and Gynecology; Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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439
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Inclusion of menstrual health in sexual and reproductive health and rights. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2018; 2:e18. [PMID: 30119724 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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440
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Bekker LG, Alleyne G, Baral S, Cepeda J, Daskalakis D, Dowdy D, Dybul M, Eholie S, Esom K, Garnett G, Grimsrud A, Hakim J, Havlir D, Isbell MT, Johnson L, Kamarulzaman A, Kasaie P, Kazatchkine M, Kilonzo N, Klag M, Klein M, Lewin SR, Luo C, Makofane K, Martin NK, Mayer K, Millett G, Ntusi N, Pace L, Pike C, Piot P, Pozniak A, Quinn TC, Rockstroh J, Ratevosian J, Ryan O, Sippel S, Spire B, Soucat A, Starrs A, Strathdee SA, Thomson N, Vella S, Schechter M, Vickerman P, Weir B, Beyrer C. Advancing global health and strengthening the HIV response in the era of the Sustainable Development Goals: the International AIDS Society-Lancet Commission. Lancet 2018; 392:312-358. [PMID: 30032975 PMCID: PMC6323648 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda-Gail Bekker
- International AIDS Society, Geneva, Switzerland; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - George Alleyne
- NCD Alliance, Office of the Director, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stefan Baral
- Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Javier Cepeda
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - David Dowdy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Dybul
- Centre for Global Health and Quality, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Serge Eholie
- Department of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical School, Felix Houphouet Boigny Universty Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Kene Esom
- HIV, Health and Development Group, United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoff Garnett
- HIV Delivery, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - James Hakim
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Diane Havlir
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Leigh Johnson
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Parastu Kasaie
- Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michel Kazatchkine
- UNAIDS and Global Health Center, Graduate Institute, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nduku Kilonzo
- National AIDS Control Council for Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Klag
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marina Klein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chewe Luo
- HIV/AIDS Section, United Nations Children's Fund, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Keletso Makofane
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natasha K Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ntobeko Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Loyce Pace
- Global Health Council, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carey Pike
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Piot
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anton Pozniak
- HIV Services, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Centre for Global Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; International AIDS Society-National Institute for Drug Abuse, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, MD, USA
| | - Jurgen Rockstroh
- HIV Clinic, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jirair Ratevosian
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Owen Ryan
- International AIDS Society, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serra Sippel
- Center for Health and Gender Equity, Washington DC, USA
| | - Bruno Spire
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Agnes Soucat
- Health Systems, Governance and Financing, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Steffanie A Strathdee
- Global Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefano Vella
- Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Schechter
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janerio, Brazil
| | - Peter Vickerman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brian Weir
- Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris Beyrer
- International AIDS Society, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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441
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Narasimhan M, Pillay Y, García PJ, Allotey P, Gorna R, Welbourn A, Remme M, Askew I, Nordström A, Haufiku B. Investing in sexual and reproductive health and rights of women and girls to reach HIV and UHC goals. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2018; 6:e1058-e1059. [PMID: 30031731 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjulaa Narasimhan
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yogan Pillay
- National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Patricia J García
- School of Public Health and Administration, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
| | - Pascale Allotey
- UN University International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Michelle Remme
- UN University International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ian Askew
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anders Nordström
- UN Policy Department, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Stockholm, Sweden
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442
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Ferguson L, Desai S. Sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: translating the Guttmacher-Lancet Commission’s global report to local action. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS 2018; 26:1487621. [DOI: 10.1080/09688080.2018.1487621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferguson
- Associate Editor, Reproductive Health Matters
- Assistant Professor, Associate Director, Program on Global Health and Human Rights, Institute for Global Health, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Sapna Desai
- Associate Editor, Reproductive Health Matters
- Associate, Population Council, New Delhi, India
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443
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Adewole I, Gavira A. Sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: an urgent need to change the narrative. Lancet 2018; 391:2585-2587. [PMID: 29753595 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Adewole
- Office of the Honourable Minister of Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Alejandro Gavira
- Office of the Honourable Minister of Health, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogotá, Colombia
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444
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Zuccala E, Horton R. Addressing the unfinished agenda on sexual and reproductive health and rights in the SDG era. Lancet 2018; 391:2581-2583. [PMID: 29753596 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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445
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Ghebreyesus TA, Kanem N. Defining sexual and reproductive health and rights for all. Lancet 2018; 391:2583-2585. [PMID: 29753598 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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446
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Underfunded and fragmented - a storm is brewing for sexual and reproductive health services. Nat Rev Urol 2018; 15:472-473. [PMID: 29915384 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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