401
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Riemer D, Hirapara P, Das S. Chemoselective Synthesis of Carbamates using CO2 as Carbon Source. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:1916-1920. [PMID: 27376902 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of carbamates directly from amines using CO2 as the carbon source is a straightforward and sustainable approach. Herein, we describe a highly effective and chemoselective methodology for the synthesis of carbamates at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This methodology can also be applied to protect the amino group in amino acids and peptides, and also to synthesize important pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Riemer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pradipbhai Hirapara
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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402
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Montanari S, Scalvini L, Bartolini M, Belluti F, Gobbi S, Andrisano V, Ligresti A, Di Marzo V, Rivara S, Mor M, Bisi A, Rampa A. Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE): Networked Targets for the Development of Carbamates as Potential Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Agents. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6387-406. [PMID: 27309570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of the endocannabinoid system is emerging as a viable avenue for the treatment of neurodegeneration, being involved in neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory processes. In particular, indirectly enhancing endocannabinoid signaling to therapeutic levels through FAAH inhibition might be beneficial for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, effectively preventing or slowing the progression of the disease. Hence, in the search for a more effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease, in this paper, the multitarget-directed ligand paradigm was applied to the design of carbamates able to simultaneously target the recently proposed endocannabinoid system and the classic cholinesterase system, and achieve effective dual FAAH/cholinesterase inhibitors. Among the two series of synthesized compounds, while some derivatives proved to be extremely potent on a single target, compounds 9 and 19 were identified as effective dual FAAH/ChE inhibitors, with well-balanced nanomolar activities. Thus, 9 and 19 might be considered as new promising candidates for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Montanari
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Belluti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Gobbi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna , Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Rampa
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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403
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Sawatzky E, Al-Momani E, Kobayashi R, Higuchi T, Samnick S, Decker M. A Novel Way To Radiolabel Human Butyrylcholinesterase for Positron Emission Tomography through Irreversible Transfer of the Radiolabeled Moiety. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1540-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Sawatzky
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius Maximilian University Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ehab Al-Momani
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine; Center of Inner Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; OberdürrbacherStrasse 6 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ryohei Kobayashi
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine; Center of Inner Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; OberdürrbacherStrasse 6 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine; Center of Inner Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; OberdürrbacherStrasse 6 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Samuel Samnick
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine; Center of Inner Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; OberdürrbacherStrasse 6 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius Maximilian University Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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404
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Niemi T, Perea-Buceta JE, Fernández I, Hiltunen OM, Salo V, Rautiainen S, Räisänen MT, Repo T. A One-Pot Synthesis of N
-Aryl-2-Oxazolidinones and Cyclic Urethanes by the Lewis Base Catalyzed Fixation of Carbon Dioxide into Anilines and Bromoalkanes. Chemistry 2016; 22:10355-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Niemi
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | | | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Otto-Matti Hiltunen
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - Vili Salo
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - Sari Rautiainen
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - Minna T. Räisänen
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014; University of Helsinki; Finland
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405
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Baroni S, Colombo Serra S, Fringuello Mingo A, Lux G, Giovenzana GB, Lattuada L. Synthesis and Relaxometric Characterization of a New Mn(II)-EDTA-Deoxycholic Acid Conjugate Complex as a Potential MRI Blood Pool Agent. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Baroni
- Molecular Imaging Center; Department of Molecular Biotechnologies & Health Sciences; Università di Torino; Via Nizza 52 10100 Torino (TO) Italy
| | - Sonia Colombo Serra
- Bracco Imaging SpA; Bracco Research Center; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
| | - Alberto Fringuello Mingo
- Bracco Imaging SpA; Bracco Research Center; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università di Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 1 10100 Torino (TO) Italy
| | - G. Lux
- Bracco Imaging SpA; Bracco Research Center; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
| | - G. B. Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Largo Donegani 2/3 28100 Novara (NO) Italy
| | - L. Lattuada
- Bracco Imaging SpA; Bracco Research Center; Via Ribes 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO) Italy
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406
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Musso L, Tiberio P, Appierto V, Cincinelli R, Cavadini E, Cleris L, Daidone MG, Dallavalle S. Water-soluble derivatives of 4-oxo-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide: synthesis and biological activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:608-14. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loana Musso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Division of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Paola Tiberio
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milano Italy
| | - Valentina Appierto
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milano Italy
| | - Raffaella Cincinelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Division of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Elena Cavadini
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milano Italy
| | - Loredana Cleris
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milano Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Daidone
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milano Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Division of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
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407
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Sopeña S, Laserna V, Guo W, Martin E, Escudero-Adán EC, Kleij AW. Regioselective Organocatalytic Formation of Carbamates from Substituted Cyclic Carbonates. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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408
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Um C, Chemler SR. Synthesis of 2-Aryl- and 2-Vinylpyrrolidines via Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Styrenes and Dienes with Potassium β-Aminoethyl Trifluoroborates. Org Lett 2016; 18:2515-8. [PMID: 27160334 PMCID: PMC4874882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Arylpyrrolidines occur frequently in bioactive compounds, and thus, methods to access them from readily available reagents are valuable. We report a copper-catalyzed intermolecular carboamination of vinylarenes with potassium N-carbamoyl-β-aminoethyltrifluoroborates. The reaction occurs with terminal, 1,2-disubstituted, and 1,1-disubstituted vinylarenes bearing a number of functional groups. 1,3-Dienes are also good substrates, and their reactions give 2-vinylpyrrolidines. Radical clock mechanistic experiments are consistent with the presence of carbon radical intermediates and do not support participation of carbocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchamnan Um
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260 United States
| | - Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260 United States
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409
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Krawczyk T, Jasiak K, Kokolus A, Baj S. Polymer- and Carbon Nanotube-Supported Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Synthesis of Carbamates from Halides, Amines, and CO2. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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410
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Yılmaz S, Akbaba Y, Özgeriş B, Köse LP, Göksu S, Gülçin İ, Alwasel SH, Supuran CT. Synthesis and inhibitory properties of some carbamates on carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholine esterase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1484-91. [PMID: 26985691 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1149477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of carbamate derivatives were synthesized and their carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibitory effects were investigated. All carbamates were synthesized from the corresponding carboxylic acids via the Curtius reactions of the acids with diphenyl phosphoryl azide followed by addition of benzyl alcohol. The carbamates were determined to be very good inhibitors against for AChE and hCA I, and II isoenzymes. AChE inhibition was determined in the range 0.209-0.291 nM. On the other hand, tacrine, which is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease possessed lower inhibition effect (Ki: 0.398 nM). Also, hCA I and II isoenzymes were effectively inhibited by the carbamates, with inhibition constants (Ki) in the range of 4.49-5.61 nM for hCA I, and 4.94-7.66 nM for hCA II, respectively. Acetazolamide, which was clinically used carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor demonstrated Ki values of 281.33 nM for hCA I and 9.07 nM for hCA II. The results clearly showed that AChE and both CA isoenzymes were effectively inhibited by carbamates at the low nanomolar levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Yılmaz
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Akbaba
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey .,b Department of Basic Science , Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Özgeriş
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey .,b Department of Basic Science , Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Leyla Polat Köse
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Süleyman Göksu
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey .,c Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- c Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- d Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Firenze , Italy , and.,e Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
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411
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Guo W, Laserna V, Rintjema J, Kleij AW. Catalytic One-Pot Oxetane to Carbamate Conversions: Formal Synthesis of Drug Relevant Molecules. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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412
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Carbamate substituted 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyrimidines as adenosine receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:734-738. [PMID: 26776359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of carbamate substituted 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyrimidines was evaluated as potential dual adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonists. The majority of the synthesised compounds exhibited promising dual affinities, with A1Ki values ranging from 0.175 to 10.7 nM and A2AKi values ranging from 1.58 to 451 nM. The in vivo activity illustrated for 3-(2-amino-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl morpholine-4-carboxylate (4c) is indicative of the potential of these compounds as therapeutic agents in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, although physicochemical properties may require optimisation.
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413
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Hong JY, Seo UR, Chung YK. Synthesis of carbamates from amines and N-tosylhydrazones under atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide without an external base. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic method to carbamates from amines and N-tosylhydrazones in the presence of 1 atm of carbon dioxide was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hong
- Intelligent Textile System Research Center
- and Department of Chemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
| | - Ue Ryung Seo
- Intelligent Textile System Research Center
- and Department of Chemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
| | - Young Keun Chung
- Intelligent Textile System Research Center
- and Department of Chemistry
- College of Natural Sciences
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
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414
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Brindisi M, Brogi S, Maramai S, Grillo A, Borrelli G, Butini S, Novellino E, Allarà M, Ligresti A, Campiani G, Di Marzo V, Gemma S. Harnessing the pyrroloquinoxaline scaffold for FAAH and MAGL interaction: definition of the structural determinants for enzyme inhibition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12524g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacogenic pyrroloquinoxaline scaffold has been exploited for developing piperazine and 4-aminopiperidine carboxamides/carbamates as inhibitors of the endocannabinoids’ catabolic enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase.
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415
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Stereodivergent Carbamate Synthesis by Selective in Situ Trapping of Organic Carbonate Intermediates. Chemistry 2015; 22:1722-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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416
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Abstract
Resveratrol (3, 5, 4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a plant polyphenol, has important drug-like properties, but its pharmacological exploitation in vivo is hindered by its rapid transformation via phase II conjugative metabolism. One approach to bypass this problem relies on prodrugs. We report here the synthesis, characterization, stability and in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviour of prodrugs of resveratrol in which the OH groups are engaged in an N-monosubstituted carbamate ester (-OC(O)NHR) linkage with a natural amino acid (Leu, Ile, Phe, Thr) to prevent conjugation and modulate the physicochemical properties of the molecule. We also report a convenient, high-yield protocol to obtain derivatives of this type. The new carbamate ester derivatives are stable at pH 1, while they undergo slow hydrolysis at physiological pH and hydrolyse with kinetics suitable for use in prodrugs in whole blood. After administration to rats by oral gavage the isoleucine-containing prodrug was significantly absorbed, and was present in the bloodstream as non-metabolized unaltered or partially deprotected species, demonstrating effective shielding from first-pass metabolism. We conclude that prodrugs based on the N-monosubstituted carbamate ester bond have the appropriate stability profile for the systemic delivery of phenolic compounds.
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417
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Kung DW, Griffith DA, Esler WP, Vajdos FF, Mathiowetz AM, Doran SD, Amor PA, Bagley SW, Banks T, Cabral S, Ford K, Garcia-Irizarry CN, Landis MS, Loomis K, McPherson K, Niosi M, Rockwell KL, Rose C, Smith AC, Southers JA, Tapley S, Tu M, Valentine JJ. Discovery of spirocyclic-diamine inhibitors of mammalian acetyl CoA-carboxylase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5352-6. [PMID: 26411795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of spirocyclic-diamine based, isoform non-selective inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is described. These spirodiamine derivatives were discovered by design of a library to mimic the structural rigidity and hydrogen-bonding pattern observed in the co-crystal structure of spirochromanone inhibitor I. The lead compound 3.5.1 inhibited de novo lipogenesis in rat hepatocytes, with an IC50 of 0.30 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Kung
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - David A Griffith
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - William P Esler
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | | | | | - Shawn D Doran
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Paul A Amor
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Tereece Banks
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Kristen Ford
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | | | - Margaret S Landis
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Formulations, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Kathrine Loomis
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Kirk McPherson
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Mark Niosi
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | | | - Colin Rose
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | | | - Susan Tapley
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Meihua Tu
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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418
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Xiong W, Qi C, Peng Y, Guo T, Zhang M, Jiang H. Base-Promoted Coupling of Carbon Dioxide, Amines, and Diaryliodonium Salts: A Phosgene- and Metal-Free Route toO-Aryl Carbamates. Chemistry 2015; 21:14314-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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419
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Inami K, Shiino J, Hagiwara S, Takeda K, Mochizuki M. Transnitrosation of non-mutagenic N-nitrosoproline forms mutagenic N-nitroso-N-methylurea. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3297-302. [PMID: 25975641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) is a potent carcinogen and suspected as a cause of human cancer. In this study, mutagenic NMU was detected by HPLC after the transnitrosation of non-mutagenic N-nitrosoproline (NP) to N-methylurea in the presence of thiourea (TU) under acidic conditions. The structure of NMU was confirmed by comparing (1)H NMR and IR spectra with that of authentic NMU after fractionation by column chromatography. Furthermore, a fraction containing NMU formed by transnitrosation was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. NMU was formed in the reaction of NP and N-methylurea in the presence of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylthiourea (TTU) or 1,3-dimethylthiourea in place of TU as an accelerator. The reaction rate constants (k) for NMU formation were correlated with their nucleophilicity of sulfur atom in thioureas. The N-methylurea concentration did not affect the NMU formation, whereas the rate of NMU formation correlated linearly with concentrations of NP, TTU and oxonium ion. The observed kinetics suggests a mechanism by which the nitroso group was transferred directly from the protonated NP to the thiourea then to N-methylurea to form NMU. The rate-determining step was the formation of the complex with the protonated NP and thiourea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Inami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2641, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy, Shibakoen 1-5-30, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Junko Shiino
- Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy, Shibakoen 1-5-30, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shin Hagiwara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2641, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Takeda
- Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy, Shibakoen 1-5-30, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Masataka Mochizuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2641, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy, Shibakoen 1-5-30, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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Kathiresan M, Velayutham D. Ionic liquids as an electrolyte for the electro synthesis of organic compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17499-516. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06961k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of ionic liquids (ILs) as a solvent and an electrolyte for electro organic synthesis has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugavel Kathiresan
- Electro Organic Division
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi-630003
- India
| | - David Velayutham
- Electro Organic Division
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi-630003
- India
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