1
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Wakabayashi Y, Stenkrona P, Arakawa R, Yan X, Van Buskirk MG, Jenkins MD, Santamaria JAM, Maresca KP, Takano A, Liow JS, Chappie TA, Varrone A, Nag S, Zhang L, Hughes ZA, Schmidt CJ, Doran SD, Mannes A, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Ooms M, Morse CL, Zoghbi SS, Halldin C, Pike VW, Innis RB. First-in-Human Evaluation of 18F-PF-06445974, a PET Radioligand That Preferentially Labels Phosphodiesterase-4B. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1919-1924. [PMID: 35772961 PMCID: PMC9730922 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.263838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), which metabolizes the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), has 4 isozymes: PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C, and PDE4D. PDE4B and PDE4D have the highest expression in the brain and may play a role in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression and dementia. This study evaluated the properties of the newly developed PDE4B-selective radioligand 18F-PF-06445974 in the brains of rodents, monkeys, and humans. Methods: Three monkeys and 5 healthy human volunteers underwent PET scans after intravenous injection of 18F-PF-06445974. Brain uptake was quantified as total distribution volume (V T) using the standard 2-tissue-compartment model and serial concentrations of parent radioligand in arterial plasma. Results: 18F-PF-06445974 readily distributed throughout monkey and human brain and had the highest binding in the thalamus. The value of V T was well identified by a 2-tissue-compartment model but increased by 10% during the terminal portions (40 and 60 min) of the monkey and human scans, respectively, consistent with radiometabolite accumulation in the brain. The average human V T values for the whole brain were 9.5 ± 2.4 mL ⋅ cm-3 Radiochromatographic analyses in knockout mice showed that 2 efflux transporters-permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)-completely cleared the problematic radiometabolite but also partially cleared the parent radioligand from the brain. In vitro studies with the human transporters suggest that the parent radioligand was a partial substrate for BCRP and, to a lesser extent, for P-gp. Conclusion: 18F-PF-06445974 quantified PDE4B in the human brain with reasonable, but not complete, success. The gold standard compartmental method of analyzing brain and plasma data successfully identified the regional densities of PDE4B, which were widespread and highest in the thalamus, as expected. Because the radiometabolite-induced error was only about 10%, the radioligand is, in the opinion of the authors, suitable to extend to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Molecular Imaging Branch, NIMH-NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Kevin P. Maresca
- Worldwide Research, Development, and Medicine, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York; and
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, NIMH-NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Worldwide Research, Development, and Medicine, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York; and
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Zhang
- Worldwide Research, Development, and Medicine, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York; and
| | - Zoë A. Hughes
- Worldwide Research, Development, and Medicine, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York; and
| | | | - Shawn D. Doran
- Worldwide Research, Development, and Medicine, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York; and
| | - Andrew Mannes
- Anesthesia Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Maarten Ooms
- Molecular Imaging Branch, NIMH-NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Huard K, Smith AC, Cappon G, Dow RL, Edmonds DJ, El-Kattan A, Esler WP, Fernando DP, Griffith DA, Kalgutkar AS, Ross TT, Bagley SW, Beebe D, Bi YA, Cabral S, Crowley C, Doran SD, Dowling MS, Liras S, Mascitti V, Niosi M, Pfefferkorn JA, Polivkova J, Préville C, Price DA, Shavnya A, Shirai N, Smith AH, Southers JR, Tess DA, Thuma BA, Varma MV, Yang X. Optimizing the Benefit/Risk of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors through Liver Targeting. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10879-10896. [PMID: 32809824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical data suggest that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors have the potential to rebalance disordered lipid metabolism, leading to improvements in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Consistent with these observations, first-in-human clinical trials with our ACC inhibitor PF-05175157 led to robust reduction of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), albeit with concomitant reductions in platelet count, which were attributed to the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis within bone marrow. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of carboxylic acid-based ACC inhibitors with organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) substrate properties, which facilitated selective distribution of the compounds at the therapeutic site of action (liver) relative to the periphery. These efforts led to the discovery of clinical candidate PF-05221304 (12), which selectively inhibits liver DNL in animals, while demonstrating considerable safety margins against platelet reduction in a nonhuman primate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Huard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregg Cappon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert L Dow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David J Edmonds
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ayman El-Kattan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William P Esler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dilinie P Fernando
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Griffith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Trenton T Ross
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Beebe
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yi-An Bi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Collin Crowley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn D Doran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S Dowling
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Spiros Liras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vincent Mascitti
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Niosi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jana Polivkova
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cathy Préville
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Price
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Norimitsu Shirai
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew H Smith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James R Southers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Tess
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin A Thuma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Manthena V Varma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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3
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Takano A, Chen L, Nag S, Brodney MA, Arakawa R, Chang C, Amini N, Doran SD, Dutra JK, McCarthy TJ, Nolan CE, O'Neill BT, Villalobos A, Zhang L, Halldin C. Quantitative Analysis of 18F-PF-06684511, a Novel PET Radioligand for Selective β-Secretase 1 Imaging, in Nonhuman Primate Brain. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:992-997. [PMID: 30530832 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.217372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-secretase 1 (BACE1) is a key enzyme in the generation of β-amyloid, which is accumulated in the brain of Alzheimer disease patients. PF-06684511 was identified as a candidate PET ligand for imaging BACE1 in the brain and showed high specific binding in an initial assessment in a nonhuman primate (NHP) PET study using 18F-PF-06684511. In this effort, we aimed to quantitatively evaluate the regional brain distribution of 18F-PF-06684511 in NHPs under baseline and blocking conditions and to assess the target occupancy of BACE1 inhibitors. In addition, NHP whole-body PET measurements were performed to estimate the effective radiation dose. Methods: Initial brain PET measurements were performed at baseline and after oral administration of 5 mg/kg of LY2886721, a BACE1 inhibitor, in 2 cynomolgus monkeys. Kinetic analysis was performed with the radiometabolite-corrected plasma input function. In addition, a wide dose range of another BACE1 inhibitor, PF-06663195, was examined to investigate the relationship between the brain target occupancy and plasma concentration of the drug. Finally, the effective radiation dose of 18F-PF-06684511 was estimated on the basis of the whole-body PET measurements in NHPs. Results: Radiolabeling was accomplished successfully with an incorporation radiochemical yield of 4%-12% (decay-corrected) from 18F ion. The radiochemical purity was greater than 99%. The whole-brain uptake of 18F-PF-06684511 peaked (∼220% SUV) at approximately 20 min and decreased thereafter (∼100% SUV at 180 min). A 2-tissue-compartment model described the time-activity curves well. Pretreatment with LY2886721 reduced the total distribution volume of 18F-PF-06684511 by 48%-80% depending on the brain region, confirming its in vivo specificity. BACE1 occupancy of PF-06663195, estimated using the Lassen occupancy plot, showed a dose-dependent increase. The effective dose of 18F-PF-06684511 was 0.043 mSv/MBq for humans. Conclusion: 18F-PF-06684511 is the first successful PET radioligand for BACE1 brain imaging that demonstrates favorable in vivo binding and brain kinetics in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laigao Chen
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael A Brodney
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Chang
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Nahid Amini
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shawn D Doran
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jason K Dutra
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Timothy J McCarthy
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Charles E Nolan
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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O’Neill BT, Beck EM, Butler CR, Nolan CE, Gonzales C, Zhang L, Doran SD, Lapham K, Buzon LM, Dutra JK, Barreiro G, Hou X, Martinez-Alsina LA, Rogers BN, Villalobos A, Murray JC, Ogilvie K, LaChapelle EA, Chang C, Lanyon LF, Steppan CM, Robshaw A, Hales K, Boucher GG, Pandher K, Houle C, Ambroise CW, Karanian D, Riddell D, Bales KR, Brodney MA. Design and Synthesis of Clinical Candidate PF-06751979: A Potent, Brain Penetrant, β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) Inhibitor Lacking Hypopigmentation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4476-4504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. O’Neill
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher R. Butler
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles E. Nolan
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cathleen Gonzales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kimberly Lapham
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leanne M. Buzon
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason K. Dutra
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gabriela Barreiro
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Bruce N. Rogers
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anabella Villalobos
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John C. Murray
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kevin Ogilvie
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Erik A. LaChapelle
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lorraine F. Lanyon
- Discovery Sciences, Primary Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Claire M. Steppan
- Discovery Sciences, Primary Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ashley Robshaw
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katherine Hales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Germaine G. Boucher
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karamjeet Pandher
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher Houle
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Claude W. Ambroise
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Karanian
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Riddell
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kelly R. Bales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Stepan AF, Tran TP, Helal CJ, Brown MS, Chang C, O’Connor RE, De Vivo M, Doran SD, Fisher EL, Jenkinson S, Karanian D, Kormos BL, Sharma R, Walker GS, Wright AS, Yang EX, Brodney MA, Wager TT, Verhoest PR, Obach RS. Late-Stage Microsomal Oxidation Reduces Drug-Drug Interaction and Identifies Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor PF-06815189. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:68-72. [PMID: 29456790 PMCID: PMC5807869 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
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Late-stage oxidation using liver
microsomes was applied to phosphodiesterase
2 inhibitor 1 to reduce its clearance by cytochrome P450
enzymes, introduce renal clearance, and minimize the risk for victim
drug–drug interactions. This approach yielded PF-06815189 (2) with improved physicochemical properties and a mixed metabolic
profile. This example highlights the importance of C–H diversification
methods to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia F. Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tuan P. Tran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Maria S. Brown
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael De Vivo
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ethan L. Fisher
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - David Karanian
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bethany L. Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory S. Walker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ann S. Wright
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward X. Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Travis T. Wager
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - R. Scott Obach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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6
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Zhang L, Chen L, Dutra JK, Beck EM, Nag S, Takano A, Amini N, Arakawa R, Brodney MA, Buzon LM, Doran SD, Lanyon LF, McCarthy TJ, Bales KR, Nolan CE, O’Neill BT, Schildknegt K, Halldin C, Villalobos A. Identification of a Novel Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Ligand for Imaging β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE-1) in Brain. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3296-3308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laigao Chen
- Clinical & Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason K. Dutra
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Leanne M. Buzon
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lorraine F. Lanyon
- Medicine Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Timothy J. McCarthy
- Clinical & Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kelly R. Bales
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles E. Nolan
- Internal Medicine, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brian T. O’Neill
- Medicine Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Klaas Schildknegt
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anabella Villalobos
- Medicinal Synthesis Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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7
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Zhang L, Chen L, Beck EM, Chappie TA, Coelho RV, Doran SD, Fan KH, Helal CJ, Humphrey JM, Hughes Z, Kuszpit K, Lachapelle EA, Lazzaro JT, Lee C, Mather RJ, Patel NC, Skaddan MB, Sciabola S, Verhoest PR, Young JM, Zasadny K, Villalobos A. The Discovery of a Novel Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4B-Preferring Radioligand for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8538-8551. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laigao Chen
- Clinical & Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Beck
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard V. Coelho
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Medicine
Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsien Fan
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Helal
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John M. Humphrey
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zoe Hughes
- Internal
Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kyle Kuszpit
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Erik A. Lachapelle
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John T. Lazzaro
- Medicine
Design, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chewah Lee
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert J. Mather
- Internal
Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nandini C. Patel
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Marc B. Skaddan
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simone Sciabola
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph M. Young
- Medicine
Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kenneth Zasadny
- Bioimaging
Center, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anabella Villalobos
- Medicinal
Synthesis Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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8
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Zuhl AM, Nolan CE, Brodney MA, Niessen S, Atchison K, Houle C, Karanian DA, Ambroise C, Brulet JW, Beck EM, Doran SD, O'Neill BT, Am Ende CW, Chang C, Geoghegan KF, West GM, Judkins JC, Hou X, Riddell DR, Johnson DS. Chemoproteomic profiling reveals that cathepsin D off-target activity drives ocular toxicity of β-secretase inhibitors. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13042. [PMID: 27727204 PMCID: PMC5062570 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of β-secretase BACE1 is considered one of the most promising approaches for treating Alzheimer's disease. Several structurally distinct BACE1 inhibitors have been withdrawn from development after inducing ocular toxicity in animal models, but the target mediating this toxicity has not been identified. Here we use a clickable photoaffinity probe to identify cathepsin D (CatD) as a principal off-target of BACE1 inhibitors in human cells. We find that several BACE1 inhibitors blocked CatD activity in cells with much greater potency than that displayed in cell-free assays with purified protein. Through a series of exploratory toxicology studies, we show that quantifying CatD target engagement in cells with the probe is predictive of ocular toxicity in vivo. Taken together, our findings designate off-target inhibition of CatD as a principal driver of ocular toxicity for BACE1 inhibitors and more generally underscore the power of chemical proteomics for discerning mechanisms of drug action. Several β-secretase (BACE) inhibitors exhibit unexplained ocular toxicity in preclinical studies. Here the authors generate a clickable photoaffinity probe to interrogate off-targets in cells and animals, and identify inhibition of cathepsin D as a driver of ocular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Zuhl
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Charles E Nolan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Michael A Brodney
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Kevin Atchison
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Christopher Houle
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Drug Safety Research and Development
| | - David A Karanian
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Drug Safety Research and Development
| | - Claude Ambroise
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Jeffrey W Brulet
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Elizabeth M Beck
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Shawn D Doran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism
| | - Kieran F Geoghegan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Structural Biology and Biophysics Group
| | - Graham M West
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Structural Biology and Biophysics Group
| | - Joshua C Judkins
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - David R Riddell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
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9
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Kung DW, Griffith DA, Esler WP, Vajdos FF, Mathiowetz AM, Doran SD, Amor PA, Bagley SW, Banks T, Cabral S, Ford K, Garcia-Irizarry CN, Landis MS, Loomis K, McPherson K, Niosi M, Rockwell KL, Rose C, Smith AC, Southers JA, Tapley S, Tu M, Valentine JJ. Discovery of spirocyclic-diamine inhibitors of mammalian acetyl CoA-carboxylase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5352-6. [PMID: 26411795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of spirocyclic-diamine based, isoform non-selective inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is described. These spirodiamine derivatives were discovered by design of a library to mimic the structural rigidity and hydrogen-bonding pattern observed in the co-crystal structure of spirochromanone inhibitor I. The lead compound 3.5.1 inhibited de novo lipogenesis in rat hepatocytes, with an IC50 of 0.30 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Kung
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - David A Griffith
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - William P Esler
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | | | | | - Shawn D Doran
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Paul A Amor
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Tereece Banks
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Kristen Ford
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | | | - Margaret S Landis
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Formulations, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Kathrine Loomis
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Kirk McPherson
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Mark Niosi
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | | | - Colin Rose
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | | | - Susan Tapley
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Meihua Tu
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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10
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Brodney MA, Beck EM, Butler CR, Barreiro G, Johnson EF, Riddell D, Parris K, Nolan CE, Fan Y, Atchison K, Gonzales C, Robshaw AE, Doran SD, Bundesmann MW, Buzon L, Dutra J, Henegar K, LaChapelle E, Hou X, Rogers BN, Pandit J, Lira R, Martinez-Alsina L, Mikochik P, Murray JC, Ogilvie K, Price L, Sakya SM, Yu A, Zhang Y, O'Neill BT. Utilizing structures of CYP2D6 and BACE1 complexes to reduce risk of drug-drug interactions with a novel series of centrally efficacious BACE1 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3223-52. [PMID: 25781223 PMCID: PMC4415909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In recent years, the first generation
of β-secretase (BACE1)
inhibitors advanced into clinical development for the treatment of
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the alignment of drug-like
properties and selectivity remains a major challenge. Herein, we describe
the discovery of a novel class of potent, low clearance, CNS penetrant
BACE1 inhibitors represented by thioamidine 5. Further
profiling suggested that a high fraction of the metabolism (>95%)
was due to CYP2D6, increasing the potential risk for victim-based
drug–drug interactions (DDI) and variable exposure in the clinic
due to the polymorphic nature of this enzyme. To guide future design,
we solved crystal structures of CYP2D6 complexes with substrate 5 and its corresponding metabolic product pyrazole 6, which provided insight into the binding mode and movements between
substrate/inhibitor complexes. Guided by the BACE1 and CYP2D6 crystal
structures, we designed and synthesized analogues with reduced risk
for DDI, central efficacy, and improved hERG therapeutic margins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eric F Johnson
- #The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
| | | | | | | | - Ying Fan
- #The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aijia Yu
- ∇WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- ∇WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
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11
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Butler CR, Brodney MA, Beck EM, Barreiro G, Nolan CE, Pan F, Vajdos F, Parris K, Varghese AH, Helal CJ, Lira R, Doran SD, Riddell DR, Buzon LM, Dutra JK, Martinez-Alsina LA, Ogilvie K, Murray JC, Young JM, Atchison K, Robshaw A, Gonzales C, Wang J, Zhang Y, O’Neill BT. Discovery of a Series of Efficient, Centrally Efficacious BACE1 Inhibitors through Structure-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2678-702. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501833t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriela Barreiro
- Departamento
de Inovação, Eurofarma Laboratorios S.A., Avenida Vereador
José Diniz, 3465, Campo Belo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinlong Wang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
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12
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Griffith DA, Kung DW, Esler WP, Amor PA, Bagley SW, Beysen C, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Doran SD, Limberakis C, Mathiowetz AM, McPherson K, Price DA, Ravussin E, Sonnenberg GE, Southers JA, Sweet LJ, Turner SM, Vajdos FF. Decreasing the rate of metabolic ketone reduction in the discovery of a clinical acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes. J Med Chem 2014; 57:10512-26. [PMID: 25423286 PMCID: PMC4281100 DOI: 10.1021/jm5016022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Acetyl-CoA
carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors offer significant potential
for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hepatic steatosis,
and cancer. However, the identification of tool compounds suitable
to test the hypothesis in human trials has been challenging. An advanced
series of spirocyclic ketone-containing ACC inhibitors recently reported
by Pfizer were metabolized in vivo by ketone reduction, which complicated
human pharmacology projections. We disclose that this metabolic reduction
can be greatly attenuated through introduction of steric hindrance
adjacent to the ketone carbonyl. Incorporation of weakly basic functionality
improved solubility and led to the identification of 9 as a clinical candidate for the treatment of T2DM. Phase I clinical
studies demonstrated dose-proportional increases in exposure, single-dose
inhibition of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and changes in indirect calorimetry
consistent with increased whole-body fatty acid oxidation. This demonstration
of target engagement validates the use of compound 9 to
evaluate the role of DNL in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Griffith
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and ∥Clinical Research Statistics, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Griffith DA, Dow RL, Huard K, Edmonds DJ, Bagley SW, Polivkova J, Zeng D, Garcia-Irizarry CN, Southers JA, Esler W, Amor P, Loomis K, McPherson K, Bahnck KB, Préville C, Banks T, Moore DE, Mathiowetz AM, Menhaji-Klotz E, Smith AC, Doran SD, Beebe DA, Dunn MF. Spirolactam-based acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors: toward improved metabolic stability of a chromanone lead structure. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7110-9. [PMID: 23981033 DOI: 10.1021/jm401033t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the rate-determining step in de novo lipogenesis and plays a crucial role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. Alterations in lipid metabolism are believed to contribute to insulin resistance; thus inhibition of ACC offers a promising option for intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Herein we disclose a series of ACC inhibitors based on a spirocyclic pyrazololactam core. The lactam series has improved chemical and metabolic stability relative to our previously reported pyrazoloketone series, while retaining potent inhibition of ACC1 and ACC2. Optimization of the pyrazole and amide substituents led to quinoline amide 21, which was advanced to preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Griffith
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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14
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Sharma R, Sun H, Piotrowski DW, Ryder TF, Doran SD, Dai H, Prakash C. Metabolism, Excretion, and Pharmacokinetics of ((3,3-Difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)((2S,4S)-4-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitor, in Rat, Dog and Human. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:2143-61. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.047316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Freeman-Cook KD, Amor P, Bader S, Buzon LM, Coffey SB, Corbett JW, Dirico KJ, Doran SD, Elliott RL, Esler W, Guzman-Perez A, Henegar KE, Houser JA, Jones CS, Limberakis C, Loomis K, McPherson K, Murdande S, Nelson KL, Phillion D, Pierce BS, Song W, Sugarman E, Tapley S, Tu M, Zhao Z. Maximizing Lipophilic Efficiency: The Use of Free-Wilson Analysis in the Design of Inhibitors of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase. J Med Chem 2012; 55:935-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201503u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Freeman-Cook
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Paul Amor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Scott Bader
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Leanne M. Buzon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Steven B. Coffey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Corbett
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Dirico
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Richard L. Elliott
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - William Esler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Angel Guzman-Perez
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Kevin E. Henegar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Janet A. Houser
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Christopher S. Jones
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Chris Limberakis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Katherine Loomis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Kirk McPherson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Sharad Murdande
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Kendra L. Nelson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Dennis Phillion
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Betsy S. Pierce
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Wei Song
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Eliot Sugarman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Susan Tapley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Meihua Tu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
| | - Zhengrong Zhao
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut
06340, United States
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16
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Andrews KM, Beebe DA, Benbow JW, Boyer DA, Doran SD, Hui Y, Liu S, McPherson RK, Neagu C, Parker JC, Piotrowski DW, Schneider SR, Treadway JL, VanVolkenberg MA, Zembrowski WJ. 1-((3S,4S)-4-Amino-1-(4-substituted-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) pyrrolidin-3-yl)-5,5-difluoropiperidin-2-one inhibitors of DPP-4 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1810-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Wright SW, Ammirati MJ, Andrews KM, Brodeur AM, Danley DE, Doran SD, Lillquist JS, Liu S, McClure LD, McPherson RK, Olson TV, Orena SJ, Parker JC, Rocke BN, Soeller WC, Soglia CB, Treadway JL, Vanvolkenburg MA, Zhao Z, Cox ED. (3R,4S)-4-(2,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: Synthesis, in vitro, in vivo, and X-ray crystallographic characterization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5638-42. [PMID: 17822893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolidine based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV were developed from a high throughput screening hit for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties were optimized resulting in the identification of a pre-clinical candidate for further profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Wright
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MS 8220-3141, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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18
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Liu X, Smith BJ, Chen C, Callegari E, Becker SL, Chen X, Cianfrogna J, Doran AC, Doran SD, Gibbs JP, Hosea N, Liu J, Nelson FR, Szewc MA, Van Deusen J. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid concentration and plasma free concentration as a surrogate measurement for brain free concentration. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 34:1443-7. [PMID: 16760229 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105.008201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drug concentration and plasma unbound concentration (C(u,plasma)) to predict brain unbound concentration (C(u,brain)). The concentration-time profiles in CSF, plasma, and brain of seven model compounds were determined after subcutaneous administration in rats. The C(u,brain) was estimated from the product of total brain concentrations and unbound fractions, which were determined using brain tissue slice and brain homogenate methods. For theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, fluoxetine, and propranolol, which represent rapid brain penetration compounds with a simple diffusion mechanism, the ratios of the area under the curve of C(u,brain)/C(CSF) and C(u,brain)/C(u,plasma) were 0.27 to 1.5 and 0.29 to 2.1, respectively, using the brain slice method, and were 0.27 to 2.9 and 0.36 to 3.9, respectively, using the brain homogenate method. A P-glycoprotein substrate, CP-141938 (methoxy-3-[(2-phenyl-piperadinyl-3-amino)-methyl]-phenyl-N-methyl-methane-sulfonamide), had C(u,brain)/C(CSF) and C(u,brain)/C(u,plasma) ratios of 0.57 and 0.066, using the brain slice method, and 1.1 and 0.13, using the brain homogenate method, respectively. The slow brain-penetrating compound, N[3-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3-(4'-phenylphenoxy)propyl-]sarcosine, had C(u,brain)/C(CSF) and C(u,brain)/C(u,plasma) ratios of 0.94 and 0.12 using the brain slice method and 0.15 and 0.018 using the brain homogenate method, respectively. Therefore, for quick brain penetration with simple diffusion mechanism compounds, C(CSF) and C(u,plasma) represent C(u,brain) equally well; for efflux substrates or slow brain penetration compounds, C(CSF) appears to be equivalent to or more accurate than C(u,plasma) to represent C(u,brain). Thus, we hypothesize that C(CSF) is equivalent to or better than C(u,plasma) to predict C(u,brain). This hypothesis is supported by the literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Liu
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA.
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19
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Wright SW, Ammirati MJ, Andrews KM, Brodeur AM, Danley DE, Doran SD, Lillquist JS, McClure LD, McPherson RK, Orena SJ, Parker JC, Polivkova J, Qiu X, Soeller WC, Soglia CB, Treadway JL, VanVolkenburg MA, Wang H, Wilder DC, Olson TV. cis-2,5-Dicyanopyrrolidine Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Synthesis and in Vitro, in Vivo, and X-ray Crystallographic Characterization. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3068-76. [PMID: 16722626 DOI: 10.1021/jm0600085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) have been shown to be effective treatments for type 2 diabetes in animal models and in human subjects. A novel series of cis-2,5-dicyanopyrrolidine alpha-amino amides were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. 1-({[1-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-cis-dicarbonitrile (1c) is an achiral, slow-binding (time-dependent) inhibitor of DPP-IV that is selective for DPP-IV over other DPP isozymes and proline specific serine proteases, and which has oral bioavailability in preclinical species and in vivo efficacy in animal models. The mode of binding of the cis-2,5-dicyanopyrrolidine moiety was determined by X-ray crystallography. The hydrochloride salt of 1c was further profiled for development as a potential new treatment for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Wright
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
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Liu X, Smith BJ, Chen C, Callegari E, Becker SL, Chen X, Cianfrogna J, Doran AC, Doran SD, Gibbs JP, Hosea N, Liu J, Nelson FR, Szewc MA, Van Deusen J. Use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to study the time to reach brain equilibrium: an experimental analysis of the role of blood-brain barrier permeability, plasma protein binding, and brain tissue binding. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313:1254-62. [PMID: 15743928 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.079319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed 1) to examine the effects of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability [quantified as permeability-surface area product (PS)], unbound fraction in plasma (f(u,plasma)), and brain tissue (f(u,brain)) on the time to reach equilibrium between brain and plasma and 2) to investigate the drug discovery strategies to design and select compounds that can rapidly penetrate the BBB and distribute to the site of action. The pharmacokinetics of seven model compounds: caffeine, CP-141938 [methoxy-3-[(2-phenyl-piperadinyl-3-amino)-methyl]-phenyl-N-methyl-methane-sulfonamide], fluoxetine, NFPS [N[3-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3-(4'-phenylphenoxy)propyl]sarcosine], propranolol, theobromine, and theophylline in rat brain and plasma after subcutaneous administration were studied. The in vivo log PS and log f(u,brain) calculated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model correlates with in situ log PS (R(2) = 0.83) and in vitro log f(u,brain) (R(2) = 0.69), where the in situ PS and in vitro f(u,brain) was determined using in situ brain perfusion and equilibrium dialysis using brain homogenate, respectively. The time to achieve brain equilibrium can be quantitated with a proposed parameter, intrinsic brain equilibrium half-life [t(1/2eq,in) = V(b)ln2/(PS . f(u,brain))], where V(b) is the physiological volume of brain. The in vivo log t(1/2eq,in) does not correlate with in situ log PS (R(2) < 0.01) but correlates inversely with log(PS . f(u,brain)) (R(2) = 0.85). The present study demonstrates that rapid brain equilibration requires a combination of high BBB permeability and low brain tissue binding. A high BBB permeability alone cannot guarantee a rapid equilibration. The strategy to select compounds with rapid brain equilibration in drug discovery should identify compounds with high BBB permeability and low nonspecific binding in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Liu
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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