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O’Connor RE, Kretschmer R, Romanov MN, Griffin DK. A Bird's-Eye View of Chromosomic Evolution in the Class Aves. Cells 2024; 13:310. [PMID: 38391923 PMCID: PMC10886771 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Birds (Aves) are the most speciose of terrestrial vertebrates, displaying Class-specific characteristics yet incredible external phenotypic diversity. Critical to agriculture and as model organisms, birds have adapted to many habitats. The only extant examples of dinosaurs, birds emerged ~150 mya and >10% are currently threatened with extinction. This review is a comprehensive overview of avian genome ("chromosomic") organization research based mostly on chromosome painting and BAC-based studies. We discuss traditional and contemporary tools for reliably generating chromosome-level assemblies and analyzing multiple species at a higher resolution and wider phylogenetic distance than previously possible. These results permit more detailed investigations into inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements, providing unique insights into evolution and speciation mechanisms. The 'signature' avian karyotype likely arose ~250 mya and remained largely unchanged in most groups including extinct dinosaurs. Exceptions include Psittaciformes, Falconiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Cuculiformes, Suliformes, occasional Passeriformes, Ciconiiformes, and Pelecaniformes. The reasons for this remarkable conservation may be the greater diploid chromosome number generating variation (the driver of natural selection) through a greater possible combination of gametes and/or an increase in recombination rate. A deeper understanding of avian genomic structure permits the exploration of fundamental biological questions pertaining to the role of evolutionary breakpoint regions and homologous synteny blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. O’Connor
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.E.O.); (M.N.R.)
| | - Rafael Kretschmer
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.E.O.); (M.N.R.)
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132 Podolsk, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.E.O.); (M.N.R.)
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Griffin DK, Larkin DM, O’Connor RE, Romanov MN. Dinosaurs: Comparative Cytogenomics of Their Reptile Cousins and Avian Descendants. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010106. [PMID: 36611715 PMCID: PMC9817885 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reptiles known as dinosaurs pervade scientific and popular culture, while interest in their genomics has increased since the 1990s. Birds (part of the crown group Reptilia) are living theropod dinosaurs. Chromosome-level genome assemblies cannot be made from long-extinct biological material, but dinosaur genome organization can be inferred through comparative genomics of related extant species. Most reptiles apart from crocodilians have both macro- and microchromosomes; comparative genomics involving molecular cytogenetics and bioinformatics has established chromosomal relationships between many species. The capacity of dinosaurs to survive multiple extinction events is now well established, and birds now have more species in comparison with any other terrestrial vertebrate. This may be due, in part, to their karyotypic features, including a distinctive karyotype of around n = 40 (~10 macro and 30 microchromosomes). Similarity in genome organization in distantly related species suggests that the common avian ancestor had a similar karyotype to e.g., the chicken/emu/zebra finch. The close karyotypic similarity to the soft-shelled turtle (n = 33) suggests that this basic pattern was mostly established before the Testudine-Archosaur divergence, ~255 MYA. That is, dinosaurs most likely had similar karyotypes and their extensive phenotypic variation may have been mediated by increased random chromosome segregation and genetic recombination, which is inherently higher in karyotypes with more and smaller chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Denis M. Larkin
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
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de Souza MS, Barcellos SA, dos Santos MDS, Gunski RJ, Garnero ADV, de Oliveira EHC, O’Connor RE, Griffin DK, Kretschmer R. Microchromosome BAC-FISH Reveals Different Patterns of Genome Organization in Three Charadriiformes Species. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213052. [PMID: 36359176 PMCID: PMC9655014 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microchromosomes, once considered unimportant elements of the genome, represent fundamental building blocks of bird karyotypes. Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) comprise a wide variety of approximately 390 species and are considered a valuable model group for biological studies. Despite this variety, cytogenetic analysis is still very scarce in this bird order. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide insight into the Charadriiformes karyotype, with emphasis on microchromosome evolution in three species of shorebirds-Calidris canutus, Jacana jacana, and Vanellus chilensis-combining classical and molecular approaches. Cross-species FISH mapping applied two BAC probes for each microchromosome, GGA10-28 (except GGA16). The experiments revealed different patterns of microchromosome organization in the species investigated. Hence, while in C. canutus, we found two microchromosomes involved in chromosome fusions, they were present as single pairs in V. chilensis. We also described a new chromosome number for C. canutus (2n = 92). Hence, this study contributed to the understanding of genome organization and evolution of three shorebird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Santos de Souza
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel 97300-162, RS, Brazil
| | - Suziane Alves Barcellos
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel 97300-162, RS, Brazil
| | - Michelly da Silva dos Santos
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Gunski
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel 97300-162, RS, Brazil
| | - Analía del Valle Garnero
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel 97300-162, RS, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Kretschmer
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Kretschmer R, Franz I, de Souza MS, Garnero ADV, Gunski RJ, de Oliveira EHC, O’Connor RE, Griffin DK, de Freitas TRO. Cytogenetic Evidence Clarifies the Phylogeny of the Family Rhynchocyclidae (Aves: Passeriformes). Cells 2021; 10:2650. [PMID: 34685630 PMCID: PMC8534115 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of Rhynchocyclidae (Aves: Passeriformes) have been the subject of debate since their first description. In most models, Rhynchocyclidae represents a subfamily-level taxon placed within the Tyrant Flycatchers (Tyrannidae). Considering that this classification does not include cytotaxonomic characters, we tested the hypothesis that the chromosome organization of Rhynchocyclidae members differs from that of Tyrannidae. Hence, we selected two species, Tolmomyias sulphurescens, and Pitangus sulphuratus, representing Rhynchocyclidae and Tyrannidae, respectively. Results revealed a diploid number (2n) of 60 in T. sulphurescens and 2n = 80 in P. sulphuratus, indicating significant chromosomal differences. Chromosome mapping of Gallus gallus (GGA) and Taeniopygia guttata bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) corresponding to chromosomes GGA1-28 (except 16) revealed that the genome evolution of T. sulphurescens involved extensive chromosome fusions of macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. On the other hand, P. sulphuratus retained the ancestral pattern of organization of macrochromosomes (except the centric fission involving GGA1) and microchromosomes. In conclusion, comparing our results with previous studies in Tyrant Flycatchers and allies indicates that P. sulphuratus has similar karyotypes to other Tyrannidae members. However, T. sulphurescens does not resemble the Tyrannidae family, reinforcing family status to the clade named Rhynchocyclidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kretschmer
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.K.); (R.E.O.)
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Ismael Franz
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Santos de Souza
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel 97300-162, RS, Brazil; (M.S.d.S.); (A.D.V.G.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Analía Del Valle Garnero
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel 97300-162, RS, Brazil; (M.S.d.S.); (A.D.V.G.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Ricardo José Gunski
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel 97300-162, RS, Brazil; (M.S.d.S.); (A.D.V.G.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.K.); (R.E.O.)
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.K.); (R.E.O.)
| | - Thales Renato Ochotorena de Freitas
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil;
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Kretschmer R, de Souza MS, Furo IDO, Romanov MN, Gunski RJ, Garnero ADV, de Freitas TRO, de Oliveira EHC, O’Connor RE, Griffin DK. Interspecies Chromosome Mapping in Caprimulgiformes, Piciformes, Suliformes, and Trogoniformes (Aves): Cytogenomic Insight into Microchromosome Organization and Karyotype Evolution in Birds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040826. [PMID: 33916942 PMCID: PMC8067558 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interchromosomal rearrangements involving microchromosomes are rare events in birds. To date, they have been found mostly in Psittaciformes, Falconiformes, and Cuculiformes, although only a few orders have been analyzed. Hence, cytogenomic studies focusing on microchromosomes in species belonging to different bird orders are essential to shed more light on the avian chromosome and karyotype evolution. Based on this, we performed a comparative chromosome mapping for chicken microchromosomes 10 to 28 using interspecies BAC-based FISH hybridization in five species, representing four Neoaves orders (Caprimulgiformes, Piciformes, Suliformes, and Trogoniformes). Our results suggest that the ancestral microchromosomal syntenies are conserved in Pteroglossus inscriptus (Piciformes), Ramphastos tucanus tucanus (Piciformes), and Trogon surrucura surrucura (Trogoniformes). On the other hand, chromosome reorganization in Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Suliformes) and Hydropsalis torquata (Caprimulgiformes) included fusions involving both macro- and microchromosomes. Fissions in macrochromosomes were observed in P. brasilianus and H. torquata. Relevant hypothetical Neognathae and Neoaves ancestral karyotypes were reconstructed to trace these rearrangements. We found no interchromosomal rearrangement involving microchromosomes to be shared between avian orders where rearrangements were detected. Our findings suggest that convergent evolution involving microchromosomal change is a rare event in birds and may be appropriate in cytotaxonomic inferences in orders where these rearrangements occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kretschmer
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.K.); (M.N.R.); (R.E.O.)
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91509-900 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Santos de Souza
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, 97300-162 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (M.S.d.S.); (R.J.G.); (A.d.V.G.)
| | - Ivanete de Oliveira Furo
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, LABRAC, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, UFRA, Parauapebas, 68515-000 Pará, Brazil;
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.K.); (M.N.R.); (R.E.O.)
| | - Ricardo José Gunski
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, 97300-162 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (M.S.d.S.); (R.J.G.); (A.d.V.G.)
| | - Analía del Valle Garnero
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, 97300-162 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (M.S.d.S.); (R.J.G.); (A.d.V.G.)
| | | | - Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, 67030-000 Pará, Brazil;
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66075-110 Pará, Brazil
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.K.); (M.N.R.); (R.E.O.)
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.K.); (M.N.R.); (R.E.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1227-823022
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O’Connor RE, Kiazim LG, Rathje CC, Jennings RL, Griffin DK. Rapid Multi-Hybridisation FISH Screening for Balanced Porcine Reciprocal Translocations Suggests a Much Higher Abnormality Rate Than Previously Appreciated. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020250. [PMID: 33525372 PMCID: PMC7911255 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With demand rising, pigs are the world’s leading source of meat protein; however significant economic loss and environmental damage can be incurred if boars used for artificial insemination (AI) are hypoprolific (sub-fertile). Growing evidence suggests that semen analysis is an unreliable tool for diagnosing hypoprolificacy, with litter size and farrowing rate being more applicable. Once such data are available, however, any affected boar will have been in service for some time, with significant financial and environmental losses incurred. Reciprocal translocations (RTs) are the leading cause of porcine hypoprolificacy, reportedly present in 0.47% of AI boars. Traditional standard karyotyping, however, relies on animal specific expertise and does not detect more subtle (cryptic) translocations. Previously, we reported development of a multiple hybridisation fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) strategy; here, we report on its use in 1641 AI boars. A total of 15 different RTs were identified in 69 boars, with four further animals XX/XY chimeric. Therefore, 4.5% had a chromosome abnormality (4.2% with an RT), a 0.88% incidence. Revisiting cases with both karyotype and FISH information, we reanalysed captured images, asking whether the translocation was detectable by karyotyping alone. The results suggest that chromosome translocations in boars may be significantly under-reported, thereby highlighting the need for pre-emptive screening by this method before a boar enters a breeding programme.
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Singchat W, Ahmad SF, Sillapaprayoon S, Muangmai N, Duengkae P, Peyachoknagul S, O’Connor RE, Griffin DK, Srikulnath K. Partial Amniote Sex Chromosomal Linkage Homologies Shared on Snake W Sex Chromosomes Support the Ancestral Super-Sex Chromosome Evolution in Amniotes. Front Genet 2020; 11:948. [PMID: 33014016 PMCID: PMC7461878 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamate reptile chromosome 2 (SR2) is thought to be an important remnant of an ancestral amniote super-sex chromosome, but a recent study showed that the Siamese cobra W sex chromosome is also a part of this larger ancestral chromosome. To confirm the existence of an ancestral amniote super-sex chromosome and understand the mechanisms of amniote sex chromosome evolution, chromosome maps of two snake species [Russell's viper: Daboia russelii (DRU) and the common tiger snake: Notechis scutatus (NSC)] were constructed using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) derived from chicken and zebra finch libraries containing amniote sex chromosomal linkages. Sixteen BACs were mapped on the W sex chromosome of DRU and/or NSC, suggesting that these BACs contained a common genomic region shared with the W sex chromosome of these snakes. Two of the sixteen BACs were co-localized to DRU2 and NSC2, corresponding to SR2. Prediction of genomic content from all BACs mapped on snake W sex chromosomes revealed a large proportion of long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) and short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) retrotransposons. These results led us to predict that amplification of LINE and SINE may have occurred on snake W chromosomes during evolution. Genome compartmentalization, such as transposon amplification, might be the key factor influencing chromosome structure and differentiation. Multiple sequence alignments of all BACs mapped on snake W sex chromosomes did not reveal common sequences. Our findings indicate that the SR2 and snake W sex chromosomes may have been part of a larger ancestral amniote super-sex chromosome, and support the view of sex chromosome evolution as a colorful myriad of situations and trajectories in which many diverse processes are in action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapong Singchat
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Syed Farhan Ahmad
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siwapech Sillapaprayoon
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narongrit Muangmai
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prateep Duengkae
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surin Peyachoknagul
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Kornsorn Srikulnath
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Kretschmer R, Furo IDO, Gomes AJB, Kiazim LG, Gunski RJ, Garnero ADV, Pereira JC, Ferguson-Smith MA, de Oliveira EHC, Griffin DK, de Freitas TRO, O’Connor RE. A Comprehensive Cytogenetic Analysis of Several Members of the Family Columbidae (Aves, Columbiformes). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060632. [PMID: 32521831 PMCID: PMC7349364 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Columbidae species (Aves, Columbiformes) show considerable variation in their diploid numbers (2n = 68-86), but there is limited understanding of the events that shaped the extant karyotypes. Hence, we performed whole chromosome painting (wcp) for paints GGA1-10 and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) probes for chromosomes GGA11-28 for Columbina passerina, Columbina talpacoti, Patagioenas cayennensis, Geotrygon violacea and Geotrygon montana. Streptopelia decaocto was only investigated with paints because BACs for GGA10-28 had been previously analyzed. We also performed phylogenetic analyses in order to trace the evolutionary history of this family in light of chromosomal changes using our wcp data with chicken probes and from Zenaida auriculata, Columbina picui, Columba livia and Leptotila verreauxi, previously published. G-banding was performed on all these species. Comparative chromosome paint and G-banding results suggested that at least one interchromosomal and many intrachromosomal rearrangements had occurred in the diversification of Columbidae species. On the other hand, a high degree of conservation of microchromosome organization was observed in these species. Our cladistic analysis, considering all the chromosome rearrangements detected, provided strong support for L. verreauxi and P. cayennensis, G. montana and G. violacea, C. passerina and C. talpacoti having sister taxa relationships, as well as for all Columbidae species analyzed herein. Additionally, the chromosome characters were mapped in a consensus phylogenetic topology previously proposed, revealing a pericentric inversion in the chromosome homologous to GGA4 in a chromosomal signature unique to small New World ground doves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kretschmer
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (L.G.K.); (D.K.G.);
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivanete de Oliveira Furo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Lucas G. Kiazim
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (L.G.K.); (D.K.G.);
| | - Ricardo José Gunski
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel 97300-162, Brazil; (R.J.G.); (A.d.V.G.)
| | - Analía del Valle Garnero
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genética Animal, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel 97300-162, Brazil; (R.J.G.); (A.d.V.G.)
| | - Jorge C. Pereira
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, University of Cambridge Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK;
| | - Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil;
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (L.G.K.); (D.K.G.);
| | | | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (L.G.K.); (D.K.G.);
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Jennings RL, Griffin DK, O’Connor RE. A new Approach for Accurate Detection of Chromosome Rearrangements That Affect Fertility in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010114. [PMID: 31936776 PMCID: PMC7023336 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Globally, cattle production has more than doubled since the 1960s, with widespread use of artificial insemination (AI) and an emphasis on a small pool of high-genetic-merit animals. Selecting AI bulls with optimal fertility is therefore vital, as impaired fertility reduces genetic gains and reduces production, resulting in heavy financial and environmental losses. Chromosome translocations, where large parts of the genome are inappropriately attached in abnormal patterns, are a common cause of reduced fertility; however, reciprocal translocations are significantly underreported due to the difficulties inherent in analysing cattle chromosomes. Based on our previous work, we have developed an approach for the unambiguous detection of abnormalities that affect fertility. We applied this method on the chromosomes of 39 bulls, detecting multiple abnormalities that affect fertility, including those that would be undetectable using traditional screening techniques. With UK dairy calving rates of only 50–60%, it is vital to reduce further fertility loss in order to maximise productivity. The approach developed here identifies abnormalities that DNA sequencing will not, and has the potential to lead to long-term gains, delivering meat and milk products in a more cost-effective and environmentally-responsible manner to a growing population. Abstract Globally, cattle production has more than doubled since the 1960s, with widespread use of artificial insemination (AI) and an emphasis on a small pool of high genetic merit animals. Selecting AI bulls with optimal fertility is, therefore, vital, as impaired fertility reduces genetic gains and production, resulting in heavy financial and environmental losses. Chromosome translocations, particularly the 1;29 Robertsonian translocation, are a common cause of reduced fertility; however, reciprocal translocations are significantly underreported due to the difficulties inherent in analysing cattle chromosomes. Based on our porcine work, we have developed an approach for the unambiguous detection of Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations, using a multiple-hybridization probe detection strategy. We applied this method on the chromosomes of 39 bulls, detecting heterozygous and homozygous 1;29 translocations and a 12;23 reciprocal translocation in a total of seven animals. Previously, karyotype analysis was the only method of diagnosing chromosomal rearrangements in cattle, and was time-consuming and error-prone. With calving rates of only 50–60%, it is vital to reduce further fertility loss in order to maximise productivity. The approach developed here identifies abnormalities that DNA sequencing will not, and has the potential to lead to long-term gains, delivering meat and milk products in a more cost-effective and environmentally-responsible manner to a growing population.
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Thorn CA, Moon J, Bourbonais CA, Harms J, Edgerton JR, Stark E, Steyn SJ, Butler CR, Lazzaro JT, O’Connor RE, Popiolek M. Striatal, Hippocampal, and Cortical Networks Are Differentially Responsive to the M4- and M1-Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mediated Effects of Xanomeline. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3910. [PMID: 31286767 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John T. Lazzaro
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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11
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Yang Q, Lachapelle EA, Kablaoui NM, Webb D, Popiolek M, Grimwood S, Kozak R, O’Connor RE, Lazzaro JT, Butler CR, Zhang L. Discovery of Selective M4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists with Novel Carbamate Isosteres. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:941-948. [PMID: 31223452 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) M4 subtype activation could provide therapeutic benefits to a number of neurological disorders while minimizing unwanted cholinergic side effects observed due to nonselective mAChR activation. Given the high sequence and structural homology of the orthosteric binding sites among mAChRs, achieving M4 subtype-selective activation has been challenging. Herein, we describe the discovery of a series of M4 subtype-selective agonists bearing novel carbamate isosteres. Comparison of the isosteres' electrostatic potential isosurface sheds light on key structural features for M4 subtype-selective activation. The identified key features were further illustrated in a proposed receptor-agonist interaction mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erik A. Lachapelle
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Natasha M. Kablaoui
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Damien Webb
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Popiolek
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah Grimwood
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rouba Kozak
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Discovery Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John T. Lazzaro
- Discovery Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher R. Butler
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Thorn CA, Moon J, Bourbonais CA, Harms J, Edgerton JR, Stark E, Steyn SJ, Butter CR, Lazzaro JT, O’Connor RE, Popiolek M. Striatal, Hippocampal, and Cortical Networks Are Differentially Responsive to the M4- and M1-Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mediated Effects of Xanomeline. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1753-1764. [PMID: 30480428 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical data suggest that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation may be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's diseases. This is best exemplified by clinical observations with xanomeline, the efficacy of which is thought to be mediated through co-activation of the M1 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Here we examined the impact of treatment with xanomeline and compared it to the actions of selective M1 and M4 mAChR activators on in vivo intracellular signaling cascades in mice, including 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and inositol phosphate-1 (IP1) accumulation in the striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. We additionally assessed the effects of xanomeline on hippocampal electrophysiological signatures in rats using ex vivo recordings from CA1 (Cornu Ammonis 1) as well as in vivo hippocampal theta. As expected, xanomeline's effects across these readouts were consistent with activation of both M1 and M4 mAChRs; however, differences were observed across different brain regions, suggesting non-uniform activation of these receptor subtypes in the central nervous system. Interestingly, despite having nearly equal in vitro potency at the M1 and the M4 mAChRs, during in vivo assays xanomeline produced M4-like effects at significantly lower brain exposures than those at which M1-like effects were observed. Our results raise the possibility that clinical efficacy observed with xanomeline was driven, in part, through its non-uniform activation of mAChR subtypes in the central nervous system and, at lower doses, through preferential agonism of the M4 mAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John T. Lazzaro
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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O’Connor RE, Farré M, Joseph S, Damas J, Kiazim L, Jennings R, Bennett S, Slack EA, Allanson E, Larkin DM, Griffin DK. Chromosome-level assembly reveals extensive rearrangement in saker falcon and budgerigar, but not ostrich, genomes. Genome Biol 2018; 19:171. [PMID: 30355328 PMCID: PMC6201548 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of de novo genome sequence assemblies is increasing exponentially; however, relatively few contain one scaffold/contig per chromosome. Such assemblies are essential for studies of genotype-to-phenotype association, gross genomic evolution, and speciation. Inter-species differences can arise from chromosomal changes fixed during evolution, and we previously hypothesized that a higher fraction of elements under negative selection contributed to avian-specific phenotypes and avian genome organization stability. The objective of this study is to generate chromosome-level assemblies of three avian species (saker falcon, budgerigar, and ostrich) previously reported as karyotypically rearranged compared to most birds. We also test the hypothesis that the density of conserved non-coding elements is associated with the positions of evolutionary breakpoint regions. RESULTS We used reference-assisted chromosome assembly, PCR, and lab-based molecular approaches, to generate chromosome-level assemblies of the three species. We mapped inter- and intrachromosomal changes from the avian ancestor, finding no interchromosomal rearrangements in the ostrich genome, despite it being previously described as chromosomally rearranged. We found that the average density of conserved non-coding elements in evolutionary breakpoint regions is significantly reduced. Fission evolutionary breakpoint regions have the lowest conserved non-coding element density, and intrachromomosomal evolutionary breakpoint regions have the highest. CONCLUSIONS The tools used here can generate inexpensive, efficient chromosome-level assemblies, with > 80% assigned to chromosomes, which is comparable to genomes assembled using high-density physical or genetic mapping. Moreover, conserved non-coding elements are important factors in defining where rearrangements, especially interchromosomal, are fixed during evolution without deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Farré
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sunitha Joseph
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Joana Damas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Lucas Kiazim
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Sophie Bennett
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Eden A Slack
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Emily Allanson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Denis M Larkin
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
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Helal CJ, Arnold EP, Boyden TL, Chang C, Chappie TA, Fennell KF, Forman MD, Hajos M, Harms JF, Hoffman WE, Humphrey JM, Kang Z, Kleiman RJ, Kormos BL, LaChapelle EA, Lee CW, Lu J, Maklad N, McDowell L, Mente S, O’Connor RE, Pandit J, Piotrowski M, Schmidt AW, Schmidt CJ, Ueno H, Verhoest PR, Yang EX. Correction to Application of Structure-Based Design and Parallel Chemistry to Identify a Potent, Selective, and Brain Penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3753. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Stepan AF, Tran TP, Helal CJ, Brown MS, Chang C, O’Connor RE, De Vivo M, Doran SD, Fisher EL, Jenkinson S, Karanian D, Kormos BL, Sharma R, Walker GS, Wright AS, Yang EX, Brodney MA, Wager TT, Verhoest PR, Obach RS. Late-Stage Microsomal Oxidation Reduces Drug-Drug Interaction and Identifies Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor PF-06815189. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:68-72. [PMID: 29456790 PMCID: PMC5807869 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Late-stage oxidation using liver
microsomes was applied to phosphodiesterase
2 inhibitor 1 to reduce its clearance by cytochrome P450
enzymes, introduce renal clearance, and minimize the risk for victim
drug–drug interactions. This approach yielded PF-06815189 (2) with improved physicochemical properties and a mixed metabolic
profile. This example highlights the importance of C–H diversification
methods to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia F. Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tuan P. Tran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Maria S. Brown
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael De Vivo
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn D. Doran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ethan L. Fisher
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - David Karanian
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bethany L. Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory S. Walker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ann S. Wright
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward X. Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Travis T. Wager
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - R. Scott Obach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Helal CJ, Arnold EP, Boyden TL, Chang C, Chappie TA, Fennell KF, Forman MD, Hajos M, Harms JF, Hoffman WE, Humphrey JM, Kang Z, Kleiman RJ, Kormos BL, Lee CW, Lu J, Maklad N, McDowell L, Mente S, O’Connor RE, Pandit J, Piotrowski M, Schmidt AW, Schmidt CJ, Ueno H, Verhoest PR, Yang EX. Application of Structure-Based Design and Parallel Chemistry to Identify a Potent, Selective, and Brain Penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5673-5698. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric P. Arnold
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tracey L. Boyden
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly F. Fennell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael D. Forman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihaly Hajos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John F. Harms
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William E. Hoffman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John M. Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhijun Kang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robin J. Kleiman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bethany L. Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Che-Wah Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jiemin Lu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Noha Maklad
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Laura McDowell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scot Mente
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary Piotrowski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anne W. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hirokazu Ueno
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward X. Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Wager TT, Chappie T, Horton D, Chandrasekaran RY, Samas B, Dunn-Sims ER, Hsu C, Nawreen N, Vanase-Frawley MA, O’Connor RE, Schmidt CJ, Dlugolenski K, Stratman NC, Majchrzak MJ, Kormos BL, Nguyen DP, Sawant-Basak A, Mead AN. Dopamine D3/D2 Receptor Antagonist PF-4363467 Attenuates Opioid Drug-Seeking Behavior without Concomitant D2 Side Effects. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:165-177. [PMID: 27715007 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptor antagonism is a compelling molecular target for the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders. From our corporate compound file, we identified a structurally unique D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist scaffold, 1. Through a hybrid approach, we merged key pharmacophore elements from 1 and D3 agonist 2 to yield the novel D3R/D2R antagonist PF-4363467 (3). Compound 3 was designed to possess CNS drug-like properties as defined by its CNS MPO desirability score (≥4/6). In addition to good physicochemical properties, 3 exhibited low nanomolar affinity for the D3R (D3 Ki = 3.1 nM), good subtype selectivity over D2R (D2 Ki = 692 nM), and high selectivity for D3R versus other biogenic amine receptors. In vivo, 3 dose-dependently attenuated opioid self-administration and opioid drug-seeking behavior in a rat operant reinstatement model using animals trained to self-administer fentanyl. Further, traditional extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), adverse side effects arising from D2R antagonism, were not observed despite high D2 receptor occupancy (RO) in rodents, suggesting that compound 3 has a unique in vivo profile. Collectively, our data support further investigation of dual D3R and D2R antagonists for the treatment of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis T. Wager
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas Chappie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Horton
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ramalakshmi Y. Chandrasekaran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian Samas
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Dunn-Sims
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cathleen Hsu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nawshaba Nawreen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michelle A. Vanase-Frawley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keith Dlugolenski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nancy C. Stratman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark J. Majchrzak
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bethany L. Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David P. Nguyen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aarti Sawant-Basak
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andy N. Mead
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Dow RL, Carpino PA, Gautreau D, Hadcock JR, Iredale PA, Kelly-Sullivan D, Lizano JS, O’Connor RE, Schneider SR, Scott DO, Ward KM. Design of a Potent CB1 Receptor Antagonist Series: Potential Scaffold for Peripherally-Targeted Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:397-401. [PMID: 24900484 DOI: 10.1021/ml3000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonism of cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor signaling has been demonstrated to inhibit feeding behaviors in humans, but CB1-mediated central nervous system (CNS) side effects have halted the marketing and further development of the lead drugs against this target. However, peripherally restricted CB1 receptor antagonists may hold potential for providing the desired efficacy with reduced CNS side effect profiles. In this report we detail the discovery and structure-activity-relationship analysis of a novel bicyclic scaffold (3) that exhibits potent CB1 receptor antagonism and oral activity in preclinical feeding models. Optimization of physical properties has led to the identification of analogues which are predicted to have reduced CNS exposure and could serve as a starting point for the design of peripherally targeted CB1 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Dow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Philip A. Carpino
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Denise Gautreau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John R. Hadcock
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Philip A. Iredale
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dawn Kelly-Sullivan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Lizano
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven R. Schneider
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dennis O. Scott
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karen M. Ward
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Dow RL, Carpino PA, Hadcock JR, Black SC, Iredale PA, DaSilva-Jardine P, Schneider SR, Paight ES, Griffith DA, Scott DO, O’Connor RE, Nduaka CI. Discovery of 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-6,7-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,4]oxazepin-8(5H)-one (PF-514273), a Novel, Bicyclic Lactam-Based Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Obesity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2652-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900255t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Dow
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Philip A. Carpino
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - John R. Hadcock
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Shawn C. Black
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Philip A. Iredale
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Paul DaSilva-Jardine
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Steven R. Schneider
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Ernest S. Paight
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - David A. Griffith
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Dennis O. Scott
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Chudy I. Nduaka
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
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