1
|
Conole D, Cao F, Am Ende CW, Xue L, Kantesaria S, Kang D, Jin J, Owen D, Lohr L, Schenone M, Majmudar JD, Tate EW. Discovery of a Potent Deubiquitinase (DUB) Small-Molecule Activity-Based Probe Enables Broad Spectrum DUB Activity Profiling in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311190. [PMID: 37779326 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are a family of >100 proteases that hydrolyze isopeptide bonds linking ubiquitin to protein substrates, often leading to reduced substrate degradation through the ubiquitin proteasome system. Deregulation of DUB activity has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration and auto-inflammation, and several have been recognized as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Ubiquitin-derived covalent activity-based probes (ABPs) provide a powerful tool for DUB activity profiling, but their large recognition element impedes cellular permeability and presents an unmet need for small molecule ABPs which can account for regulation of DUB activity in intact cells or organisms. Here, through comprehensive chemoproteomic warhead profiling, we identify cyanopyrrolidine (CNPy) probe IMP-2373 (12) as a small molecule pan-DUB ABP to monitor DUB activity in physiologically relevant live cells. Through proteomics and targeted assays, we demonstrate that IMP-2373 quantitatively engages more than 35 DUBs across a range of non-toxic concentrations in diverse cell lines. We further demonstrate its application to quantification of changes in intracellular DUB activity during pharmacological inhibition and during MYC deregulation in a model of B cell lymphoma. IMP-2373 thus offers a complementary tool to ubiquitin ABPs to monitor dynamic DUB activity in the context of disease-relevant phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Conole
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Present address: Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Fangyuan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
| | - Liang Xue
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2139, USA
| | - Sheila Kantesaria
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
| | - Dahye Kang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2139, USA
| | - Jun Jin
- BioDuro, No.233 North FuTe Rd., WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, P.R. China
| | - Dafydd Owen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2139, USA
| | - Linda Lohr
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
| | - Monica Schenone
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2139, USA
| | - Jaimeen D Majmudar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2139, USA
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mattheisen JM, Limberakis C, Ruggeri RB, Dowling MS, Am Ende CW, Ceraudo E, Huber T, McClendon CL, Sakmar TP. Bioorthogonal Tethering Enhances Drug Fragment Affinity for G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11173-11184. [PMID: 37116188 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate diverse cellular signaling pathways and are important drug targets. Despite the availability of high-resolution structures, the discovery of allosteric modulators remains challenging due to the dynamic nature of GPCRs in native membranes. We developed a strategy to covalently tether drug fragments adjacent to allosteric sites in GPCRs to enhance their potency and enable fragment-based drug screening in cell-based systems. We employed genetic code expansion to site-specifically introduce noncanonical amino acids with reactive groups in C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) near an allosteric binding site for the drug maraviroc. We then used molecular dynamics simulations to design heterobifunctional maraviroc analogues consisting of a drug fragment connected by a flexible linker to a reactive moiety capable of undergoing a bioorthogonal coupling reaction. We synthesized a library of these analogues and employed the bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction to couple the analogues to the engineered CCR5 in live cells, which were then assayed using cell-based signaling assays. Tetherable low-affinity maraviroc fragments displayed an increase in potency for CCR5 engineered with reactive unnatural amino acids that were adjacent to the maraviroc binding site. The strategy we describe to tether novel drug fragments to GPCRs should prove useful to probe allosteric or cryptic binding site functionality in fragment-based GPCR-targeted drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Mattheisen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Chris Limberakis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Roger B Ruggeri
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S Dowling
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Emilie Ceraudo
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christopher L McClendon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carneiro SN, Khasnavis SR, Lee J, Butler TW, Majmudar JD, Am Ende CW, Ball ND. Sulfur(VI) fluorides as tools in biomolecular and medicinal chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1356-1372. [PMID: 36662157 PMCID: PMC9929716 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01891h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the synthesis of sulfur(VI)-fluorides has enabled incredible growth in their application in biomolecular chemistry. This review aims to serve as a primer highlighting synthetic strategies toward a diversity of S(VI) fluorides and their application in chemical biology, bioconjugation, and medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, USA.
| | - Samuel R Khasnavis
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, USA.
| | - Jisun Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
| | - Todd W Butler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
| | - Jaimeen D Majmudar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Nicholas D Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sap JBI, Meyer CF, Ford J, Straathof NJW, Dürr AB, Lelos MJ, Paisey SJ, Mollner TA, Hell SM, Trabanco AA, Genicot C, Am Ende CW, Paton RS, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. [ 18F]Difluorocarbene for positron emission tomography. Nature 2022; 606:102-108. [PMID: 35344982 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The advent of total-body positron emission tomography (PET) has vastly broadened the range of research and clinical applications of this powerful molecular imaging technology1. Such possibilities have accelerated progress in fluorine-18 (18F) radiochemistry with numerous methods available to 18F-label (hetero)arenes and alkanes2. However, access to 18F-difluoromethylated molecules in high molar activity is mostly an unsolved problem, despite the indispensability of the difluoromethyl group for pharmaceutical drug discovery3. Here we report a general solution by introducing carbene chemistry to the field of nuclear imaging with a [18F]difluorocarbene reagent capable of a myriad of 18F-difluoromethylation processes. In contrast to the tens of known difluorocarbene reagents, this 18F-reagent is carefully designed for facile accessibility, high molar activity and versatility. The issue of molar activity is solved using an assay examining the likelihood of isotopic dilution on variation of the electronics of the difluorocarbene precursor. Versatility is demonstrated with multiple [18F]difluorocarbene-based reactions including O-H, S-H and N-H insertions, and cross-couplings that harness the reactivity of ubiquitous functional groups such as (thio)phenols, N-heteroarenes and aryl boronic acids that are easy to install. The impact is illustrated with the labelling of highly complex and functionalized biologically relevant molecules and radiotracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen B I Sap
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudio F Meyer
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- Discovery Chemistry Janssen Research and Development, Toledo, Spain
| | - Joseph Ford
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stephen J Paisey
- Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre (PETIC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tim A Mollner
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandrine M Hell
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre (PETIC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dutra JK, Foley TL, Huang Z, Fisher EL, Lachapelle EA, Mahapatra S, Ogilvie K, Butler TW, Bellenger J, Devraj Majmudar J, Am Ende CW. Fluorophosphonates on-Demand: A General and Simplified Approach toward Fluorophosphonate Synthesis. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1769-1774. [PMID: 33491295 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general and simplified synthesis of fluorophosphonates directly from p-nitrophenylphosphonates. This FP on-demand reaction is mediated by a commercially available polymer-supported fluoride reagent that produces a variety (25 examples) of fluorophosphonates in high yields while only requiring reagent filtration for pure fluorophosphonate isolation. This reaction protocol facilitates the rapid profiling of serine hydrolases with diverse and novel sets of activated phosphonates with differential proteome reactivity. Moreover, slight modification of the procedure into a reaction-to-assay format has enabled additional screening efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Dutra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Timothy L Foley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ethan L Fisher
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Erik A Lachapelle
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Subham Mahapatra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Kevin Ogilvie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Todd W Butler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Justin Bellenger
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
O'Brien JGK, Jemas A, Asare-Okai PN, Am Ende CW, Fox JM. Probing the Mechanism of Photoaffinity Labeling by Dialkyldiazirines through Bioorthogonal Capture of Diazoalkanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:9415-9420. [PMID: 33259213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dialkyldiazirines have emerged as reagents of choice for biological photoaffinity labeling studies. The mechanism of crosslinking has dramatic consequences for biological applications where instantaneous labeling is desirable, as carbene insertions display different chemoselectivity and are much faster than competing mechanisms involving diazo or ylide intermediates. Here, deuterium labeling and diazo compound trapping experiments are employed to demonstrate that both carbene and diazo mechanisms operate in the reactions of a dialkyldiazirine motif that is commonly utilized for biological applications. For the fraction of intermolecular labeling that does involve a carbene mechanism, direct insertion is not necessarily involved, as products derived from a carbonyl ylide are also observed. We demonstrate that a strained cycloalkyne can intercept diazo compound intermediates and serve as a bioorthogonal probe for studying the contribution of the diazonium mechanism of photoaffinity labeling on a model protein under aqueous conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G K O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Andrew Jemas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Papa Nii Asare-Okai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seneviratne U, Huang Z, Am Ende CW, Butler TW, Cleary L, Dresselhaus E, Evrard E, Fisher EL, Green ME, Helal CJ, Humphrey JM, Lanyon LF, Marconi M, Mukherjee P, Sciabola S, Steppan CM, Sylvain EK, Tuttle JB, Verhoest PR, Wager TT, Xie L, Ramaswamy G, Johnson DS, Pettersson M. Photoaffinity Labeling and Quantitative Chemical Proteomics Identify LXRβ as the Functional Target of Enhancers of Astrocytic apoE. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 28:148-157.e7. [PMID: 32997975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing a phenotypic screen, we identified chemical matter that increased astrocytic apoE secretion in vitro. We designed a clickable photoaffinity probe based on a pyrrolidine lead compound and carried out probe-based quantitative chemical proteomics in human astrocytoma CCF-STTG1 cells to identify liver x receptor β (LXRβ) as the target. Binding of the small molecule ligand stabilized LXRβ, as shown by cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). In addition, we identified a probe-modified peptide by mass spectrometry and proposed a model where the photoaffinity probe is bound in the ligand-binding pocket of LXRβ. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the lead chemical matter bound directly to LXRβ, and our results highlight the power of chemical proteomic approaches to identify the target of a phenotypic screening hit. Additionally, the LXR photoaffinity probe and lead compound described herein may serve as valuable tools to further evaluate the LXR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen Huang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Todd W Butler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Leah Cleary
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Edelweiss Evrard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ethan L Fisher
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Michael E Green
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - John M Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Michael Marconi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Simone Sciabola
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Claire M Steppan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Emily K Sylvain
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jamison B Tuttle
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Travis T Wager
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Longfei Xie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie Y, Fang Y, Huang Z, Tallon AM, Am Ende CW, Fox JM. Divergent Synthesis of Monosubstituted and Unsymmetrical 3,6-Disubstituted Tetrazines from Carboxylic Ester Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16967-16973. [PMID: 32559350 PMCID: PMC7733736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since tetrazines are important tools to the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, there is a need for new approaches to synthesize unsymmetrical and 3-monosubstituted tetrazines. Described here is a general, one-pot method for converting (3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl carboxylic esters into 3-thiomethyltetrazines. These versatile intermediates were applied to the synthesis of unsymmetrical tetrazines through Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling and in the first catalytic thioether reduction to access monosubstituted tetrazines. This method enables the development of new tetrazine compounds possessing a favorable combination of kinetics, small size, and hydrophilicity. It was applied to a broad range of aliphatic and aromatic ester precursors and to the synthesis of heterocycles including BODIPY fluorophores and biotin. In addition, a series of tetrazine probes for monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) were synthesized and the most reactive one was applied to the labeling of endogenous MAGL in live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Yinzhi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amanda M Tallon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahapatra S, Woroch CP, Butler TW, Carneiro SN, Kwan SC, Khasnavis SR, Gu J, Dutra JK, Vetelino BC, Bellenger J, Am Ende CW, Ball ND. SuFEx Activation with Ca(NTf 2) 2: A Unified Strategy to Access Sulfamides, Sulfamates, and Sulfonamides from S(VI) Fluorides. Org Lett 2020; 22:4389-4394. [PMID: 32459499 PMCID: PMC7294807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A method to activate sulfamoyl fluorides, fluorosulfates, and sulfonyl fluorides with calcium triflimide and DABCO for SuFEx with amines is described. The reaction was applied to a diverse set of sulfamides, sulfamates, and sulfonamides at room temperature under mild conditions. Additionally, we highlight this transformation to parallel medicinal chemistry to generate a broad array of nitrogen-based S(VI) compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subham Mahapatra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cristian P Woroch
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Todd W Butler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sabrina N Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Sabrina C Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Samuel R Khasnavis
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Junha Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Jason K Dutra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Beth C Vetelino
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Justin Bellenger
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicholas D Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sap JBI, Straathof NJW, Knauber T, Meyer CF, Médebielle M, Buglioni L, Genicot C, Trabanco AA, Noël T, Am Ende CW, Gouverneur V. Organophotoredox Hydrodefluorination of Trifluoromethylarenes with Translational Applicability to Drug Discovery. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9181-9187. [PMID: 32379965 PMCID: PMC7304874 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Molecular
editing such as insertion, deletion, and single atom
exchange in highly functionalized compounds is an aspirational goal
for all chemists. Here, we disclose a photoredox protocol for the
replacement of a single fluorine atom with hydrogen in electron-deficient
trifluoromethylarenes including complex drug molecules. A robustness
screening experiment shows that this reductive defluorination tolerates
a range of functional groups and heterocycles commonly found in bioactive
molecules. Preliminary studies allude to a catalytic cycle whereby
the excited state of the organophotocatalyst is reductively quenched
by the hydrogen atom donor, and returned in its original oxidation
state by the trifluoromethylarene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen B I Sap
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Knauber
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Claudio F Meyer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.,Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, Toledo E-45007, Spain
| | - Maurice Médebielle
- Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Laura Buglioni
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14, Helix, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry, UCB New Medicines, UCB Biopharma Sprl, 1420 Braine-L'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Andrés A Trabanco
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, Toledo E-45007, Spain
| | - Timothy Noël
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14, Helix, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lambert WD, Fang Y, Mahapatra S, Huang Z, Am Ende CW, Fox JM. Installation of Minimal Tetrazines through Silver-Mediated Liebeskind-Srogl Coupling with Arylboronic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17068-17074. [PMID: 31603679 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Described is a general method for the installation of a minimal 6-methyltetrazin-3-yl group via the first example of a Ag-mediated Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling. The attachment of bioorthogonal tetrazines on complex molecules typically relies on linkers that can negatively impact the physiochemical properties of conjugates. Cross-coupling with arylboronic acids and a new reagent, 3-((p-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)thio)-6-methyltetrazine (b-Tz), proceeds under mild, PdCl2(dppf)-catalyzed conditions to introduce minimal, linker-free tetrazine functionality. Safety considerations guided our design of b-Tz which can be prepared on decagram scale without handling hydrazine and without forming volatile, high-nitrogen tetrazine byproducts. Replacing conventional Cu(I) salts used in Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling with a Ag2O mediator resulted in higher yields across a broad library of aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids and provides improved access to a fluorogenic tetrazine-BODIPY conjugate. A covalent probe for MAGL incorporating 6-methyltetrazinyl functionality was synthesized in high yield and labeled endogenous MAGL in live cells. This new Ag-mediated cross-coupling method using b-Tz is anticipated to find additional applications for directly introducing the tetrazine subunit to complex substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Yinzhi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Subham Mahapatra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Zhen Huang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fang Y, Judkins JC, Boyd SJ, Am Ende CW, Rohlfing K, Huang Z, Xie Y, Johnson DS, Fox JM. Studies on the Stability and Stabilization of trans-Cyclooctenes through Radical Inhibition and Silver (I) Metal Complexation. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:4307-4317. [PMID: 32612312 PMCID: PMC7328862 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally strained trans-cyclooctenes (TCOs) engage in bioorthogonal reactions with tetrazines with second order rate constants that can exceed 106 M-1s-1. The goal of this study was to provide insight into the stability of TCO reagents and to develop methods for stabilizing TCO reagents for long-term storage. The radical inhibitor Trolox suppresses TCO isomerization under high thiol concentrations and TCO shelf-life can be greatly extended by protecting them as stable Ag(I) metal complexes. 1H NMR studies show that Ag-complexation is thermodynamically favorable but the kinetics of dissociation are very rapid, and TCO•AgNO3 complexes are immediately dissociated upon addition of NaCl which is present in high concentration in cell media. The AgNO3 complex of a highly reactive s-TCO-TAMRA conjugate was shown to label a protein-tetrazine conjugate in live cells with faster kinetics and similar labeling yield relative to a 'traditional' TCO-TAMRA conjugate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
| | - Joshua C Judkins
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and Groton, Connecticut 06340
- current address: Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5791 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008, United States
| | - Samantha J Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Katarina Rohlfing
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
| | - Zhen Huang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and Groton, Connecticut 06340
- current address: Chemical Biology and Proteomics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Scinto SL, Ekanayake O, Seneviratne U, Pigga JE, Boyd SJ, Taylor MT, Liu J, Am Ende CW, Rozovsky S, Fox JM. Dual-Reactivity trans-Cyclooctenol Probes for Sulfenylation in Live Cells Enable Temporal Control via Bioorthogonal Quenching. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10932-10937. [PMID: 31246462 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfenylation (RSH → RSOH) is a post-translational protein modification associated with cellular mechanisms for signal transduction and the regulation of reactive oxygen species. Protein sulfenic acids are challenging to identify and study due to their electrophilic and transient nature. Described here are sulfenic acid modifying trans-cycloocten-5-ol (SAM-TCO) probes for labeling sulfenic acid functionality in live cells. These probes enable a new mode of capturing sulfenic acids via transannular thioetherification, whereas "ordinary" trans-cyclooctenes react only slowly with sulfenic acids. SAM-TCOs combine with sulfenic acid forms of a model peptide and proteins to form stable adducts. Analogously, SAM-TCO with the selenenic acid form of a model protein leads to a selenoetherification product. Control experiments illustrate the need for the transannulation process coupled with the activated trans-cycloalkene functionality. Bioorthogonal quenching of excess unreacted SAM-TCOs with tetrazines in live cells provides both temporal control and a means of preventing artifacts caused by cellular-lysis. A SAM-TCO biotin conjugate was used to label protein sulfenic acids in live cells, and subsequent quenching by tetrazine prevented further labeling even under harshly oxidizing conditions. A cell-based proteomic study validates the ability of SAM-TCO probes to identify and quantify known sulfenic acid redox proteins as well as targets not captured by dimedone-based probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Scinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Oshini Ekanayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Uthpala Seneviratne
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jessica E Pigga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Samantha J Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Michael T Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Sharon Rozovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shaffer CL, Dutra JK, Tseng WC, Weber ML, Bogart LJ, Hales K, Pang J, Volfson D, Am Ende CW, Green ME, Buhl DL. Pharmacological evaluation of clinically relevant concentrations of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine. Neuropharmacology 2019; 153:73-81. [PMID: 31015046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is a rapid-onset antidepressant whose efficacy long outlasts its pharmacokinetics. Multiple studies suggest ketamine's antidepressant effects require increased α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-dependent currents, which have recently been exclusively attributed to its N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-inactive metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine ((2R,6R)-HNK). To investigate this AMPAR-activation claim further, we estimated and evaluated preclinically and clinically relevant unbound brain HNK concentrations (Cb,u). (2S,6S)-HNK and (2R,6R)-HNK were novelly synthesized, and their neuropharmacokinetic profiles were determined to project relevant Cb,u. Using concentrations (0.01-10 μM) bracketing the pertinent cross-species Cb,u, both compounds' AMPAR modulation was assessed in vitro by electrophysiological recordings and GluA1 surface expression. Neither (2S,6S)-HNK nor (2R,6R)-HNK bound orthosterically to or directly functionally activated AMPARs. (2R,6R)-HNK failed to evoke AMPAR-centric changes in any electrophysiological endpoint from adult rodent hippocampal slices. Conversely, time- and concentration-dependent increases in GluA1 expression occurred only with (2R,6R)-HNK (≥0.1 μM at ≥90 min). The (2R,6R)-HNK concentrations that increased GluA1 expression are consistent with its maximal Cb,u (0.92-4.84 μM) at reportedly efficacious doses of ketamine or (2R,6R)-HNK in mouse depression models, but ≥3-fold above its projected maximal human Cb,u (≤37.8 ± 14.3 nM) following ketamine's clinically antidepressant infusion. These findings provide insight into the observed AMPAR-affecting (2R,6R)-HNK concentrations versus its exposures attained clinically at an antidepressant ketamine dose. To optimize any clinical study with (2R,6R)-HNK to fully assess its translational pharmacology, future preclinical work should test (2R,6R)-HNK concentrations and/or Cb,u of 0.01-0.1 μM to parallel its projected human Cb,u at a clinically antidepressant ketamine dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Shaffer
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States.
| | - Jason K Dutra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, United States
| | - Wei Chou Tseng
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Mark L Weber
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Luke J Bogart
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Katherine Hales
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Jincheng Pang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Dmitri Volfson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, United States
| | - Michael E Green
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Derek L Buhl
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fisher EL, Am Ende CW, Humphrey JM. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy Aromatic Heterocycles: Hydrolytically Stable Alternatives to Heteroaryl Chlorides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4904-4909. [PMID: 30339369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group as an alternative leaving group for hydrolytically unstable heteroaryl chlorides. This group provides improved shelf stability by years while maintaining reactivity toward nucleophiles in SNAr reactions. A highlighted trifluoroethyl ether was shown to be tolerant to aqueous Suzuki conditions, permitting sequential Suzuki/SNAr processes inaccessible to the heterocyclic chlorides. The strategic use of trifluoroethyl ethers enables storage of otherwise unstable heterocyclic chlorides and limits costly decomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L Fisher
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - John M Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sap JBI, Wilson TC, Kee CW, Straathof NJW, Ende CWA, Mukherjee P, Zhang L, Genicot C, Gouverneur V. Synthesis of 18F-difluoromethylarenes using aryl boronic acids, ethyl bromofluoroacetate and [ 18F]fluoride. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3237-3241. [PMID: 30996907 PMCID: PMC6429591 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the radiosynthesis of 18F-difluoromethylarenes via the assembly of three components, a boron reagent, ethyl bromofluoroacetate, and cyclotron-produced non-carrier added [18F]fluoride. The two key steps are a copper-catalysed cross-coupling reaction, and a Mn-mediated 18F-fluorodecarboxylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen B I Sap
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Oxford University , OX1 3TA Oxford , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285002
| | - Thomas C Wilson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Oxford University , OX1 3TA Oxford , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285002
| | - Choon Wee Kee
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Oxford University , OX1 3TA Oxford , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285002
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Oxford University , OX1 3TA Oxford , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285002
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Inc., Medicine Design , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, and 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Paramita Mukherjee
- Pfizer Inc., Medicine Design , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, and 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Pfizer Inc., Medicine Design , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, and 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry, UCB New Medicines , UCB Biopharma Sprl , 1420 Braine-L'Alleud , Belgium
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Oxford University , OX1 3TA Oxford , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285002
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie L, Am Ende CW, Pettersson M, Rankic DA, Sach NW, Sakya S, Humphrey JM. Synthesis of Pyridopyrazine-1,6-dione γ-Secretase Modulators via Selective 4-Methylimidazole N 1-Buchwald Arylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4921-4925. [PMID: 30620601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of pyridopyrazine-1,6-dione γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) is described. Our route features the construction of a crystalline lactone intermediate via a selective palladium-catalyzed 4-methylimidazole N1-arylation using the Buchwald Xantphos Pd G4 precatalyst, which does not require a preactivation step. The weak inorganic base KHCO3 was employed to minimize saponification of a particularly sensitive lactone substrate. Additional key transformations include DABAL-Me3-mediated lactone aminolysis and a mild TBD/ethyl trifluoroacetate mediated lactam ring closure to afford a representative GSM in high yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Xie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Danica A Rankic
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Neal W Sach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 10770 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Subbas Sakya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - John M Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Humphrey JM, Movsesian M, Am Ende CW, Becker SL, Chappie TA, Jenkinson S, Liras JL, Liras S, Orozco C, Pandit J, Vajdos FF, Vandeput F, Yang E, Menniti FS. Discovery of Potent and Selective Periphery-Restricted Quinazoline Inhibitors of the Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase PDE1. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4635-4640. [PMID: 29718668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We disclose the discovery and X-ray cocrystal data of potent, selective quinazoline inhibitors of PDE1. Inhibitor ( S)-3 readily attains free plasma concentrations above PDE1 IC50 values and has restricted brain access. The racemic compound 3 inhibits >75% of PDE hydrolytic activity in soluble samples of human myocardium, consistent with heightened PDE1 activity in this tissue. These compounds represent promising new tools to probe the value of PDE1 inhibition in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Humphrey
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Matthew Movsesian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Utah School of Medicine , 30 N 1900 E, Room 4A-100 , Salt Lake City , Utah 84132 , United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Stacey L Becker
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Thomas A Chappie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development , La Jolla , California 92121 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Liras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Spiros Liras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Christine Orozco
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Felix F Vajdos
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Fabrice Vandeput
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Utah School of Medicine , 30 N 1900 E, Room 4A-100 , Salt Lake City , Utah 84132 , United States
| | - Eddie Yang
- Pfizer World Wide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Frank S Menniti
- MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., and the George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience , University of Rhode Island , 7 Greenhouse Road , Kingston , Rhode Island 02881 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fang Y, Zhang H, Huang Z, Scinto SL, Yang JC, Am Ende CW, Dmitrenko O, Johnson DS, Fox JM. Photochemical syntheses, transformations, and bioorthogonal chemistry of trans-cycloheptene and sila trans-cycloheptene Ag(i) complexes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1953-1963. [PMID: 29675242 PMCID: PMC5892336 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A photochemical synthesis of AgNO3 complexes of trans-cycloheptene (TCH) and trans-1-sila-4-cycloheptene (Si-TCH) derivatives is described. A low temperature flow photoreactor was designed to enable the synthesis of carbocyclic TCH derivatives due to their thermal sensitivity in the absence of metal coordination. Unlike the free carbocycles, TCH·AgNO3 complexes can be handled at rt and stored for weeks in the freezer (-18 °C). Si-TCH·AgNO3 complexes are especially robust, and are bench stable for days at rt, and for months in the freezer. X-ray crystallography was used to characterize a Si-TCH·AgNO3 complex for the first time. With decomplexation of AgNO3in situ, metal-free TCO and Si-TCH derivatives can engage in a range of cycloaddition reactions as well as dihydroxylation reactions. Computation was used to predict that Si-TCH would engage in bioorthogonal reactions that are more rapid than the most reactive trans-cyclooctenes. Metal-free Si-TCH derivatives were shown to display good stability in solution, and to engage in the fastest bioorthogonal reaction reported to date (k2 1.14 × 107 M-1 s-1 in 9 : 1 H2O : MeOH). Utility in bioorthogonal protein labeling in live cells is described, including labeling of GFP with an unnatural tetrazine-containing amino acid. The reactivity and specificity of the Si-TCH reagents with tetrazines in live mammalian cells was also evaluated using the HaloTag platform. The cell labeling experiments show that Si-TCH derivatives are best suited as probe molecules in the cellular environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Fang
- Brown Laboratories , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA .
| | - Han Zhang
- Brown Laboratories , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA .
| | - Zhen Huang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Samuel L Scinto
- Brown Laboratories , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA .
| | - Jeffrey C Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | | | - Olga Dmitrenko
- Brown Laboratories , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA .
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Brown Laboratories , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Conrad KS, Cheng TW, Ysselstein D, Heybrock S, Hoth LR, Chrunyk BA, Am Ende CW, Krainc D, Schwake M, Saftig P, Liu S, Qiu X, Ehlers MD. Lysosomal integral membrane protein-2 as a phospholipid receptor revealed by biophysical and cellular studies. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1908. [PMID: 29199275 PMCID: PMC5712522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal integral membrane protein-2 (LIMP-2/SCARB2) contributes to endosomal and lysosomal function. LIMP-2 deficiency is associated with neurological abnormalities and kidney failure and, as an acid glucocerebrosidase receptor, impacts Gaucher and Parkinson's diseases. Here we report a crystal structure of a LIMP-2 luminal domain dimer with bound cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. Binding of these lipids alters LIMP-2 from functioning as a glucocerebrosidase-binding monomer toward a dimeric state that preferentially binds anionic phosphatidylserine over neutral phosphatidylcholine. In cellular uptake experiments, LIMP-2 facilitates transport of phospholipids into murine fibroblasts, with a strong substrate preference for phosphatidylserine. Taken together, these biophysical and cellular studies define the structural basis and functional importance of a form of LIMP-2 for lipid trafficking. We propose a model whereby switching between monomeric and dimeric forms allows LIMP-2 to engage distinct binding partners, a mechanism that may be shared by SR-BI and CD36, scavenger receptor proteins highly homologous to LIMP-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Conrad
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Ting-Wen Cheng
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Ysselstein
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Saskia Heybrock
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lise R Hoth
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Boris A Chrunyk
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shenping Liu
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Xiayang Qiu
- Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Michael D Ehlers
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Biogen, 225 Binney St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mukherjee P, Pettersson M, Dutra JK, Xie L, Am Ende CW. Trifluoromethyl Oxetanes: Synthesis and Evaluation as a tert-Butyl Isostere. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1574-1577. [PMID: 28815966 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new trifluoromethyl oxetane was developed using a Corey-Chaykovsky epoxidation/ring-expansion reaction of trifluoromethyl ketones. The reaction was shown to proceed under mild conditions and displays a broad substrate scope. The trifluoromethyl oxetane was also evaluated as a tert-butyl isostere in the context of the γ-secretase modulator (GSM) program. We demonstrate that the trifluoromethyl oxetane-containing GSM has decreased lipophilicity, improved lipophilic efficiency (LipE) and metabolic stability relative to the corresponding tert-butyl GSM analogue, thus highlighting several benefits of trifluoromethyl oxetane as a more polar tert-butyl isostere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Mukherjee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jason K Dutra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Longfei Xie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pettersson M, Johnson DS, Rankic DA, Kauffman GW, Am Ende CW, Butler TW, Boscoe B, Evrard E, Helal CJ, Humphrey JM, Stepan AF, Stiff CM, Yang E, Xie L, Bales KR, Hajos-Korcsok E, Jenkinson S, Pettersen B, Pustilnik LR, Ramirez DS, Steyn SJ, Wood KM, Verhoest PR. Discovery of cyclopropyl chromane-derived pyridopyrazine-1,6-dione γ-secretase modulators with robust central efficacy. Medchemcomm 2017; 8:730-743. [PMID: 30108792 PMCID: PMC6071960 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the discovery of a novel series of cyclopropyl chromane-derived pyridopyrazine-1,6-dione γ-secretase modulators for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using ligand-based design tactics such as conformational analysis and molecular modeling, a cyclopropyl chromane unit was identified as a suitable heterocyclic replacement for a naphthyl moiety that was present in the preliminary lead 4. The optimized lead molecule 44 achieved good central exposure resulting in robust and sustained reduction of brain amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) when dosed orally at 10 mg kg-1 in a rat time-course study. Application of the unpaced isolated heart Langendorff model enabled efficient differentiation of compounds with respect to cardiovascular safety, highlighting how minor structural changes can greatly impact the safety profile within a series of compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pettersson
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| | - Danica A Rankic
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Gregory W Kauffman
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Todd W Butler
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Brian Boscoe
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Edelweiss Evrard
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| | - Christopher J Helal
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - John M Humphrey
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Antonia F Stepan
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| | - Cory M Stiff
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Eddie Yang
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Longfei Xie
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Kelly R Bales
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Eva Hajos-Korcsok
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Global Safety Pharmacology , Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , La Jolla , California 92121 , USA
| | - Betty Pettersen
- Drug Safety R&D , Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA
| | | | - David S Ramirez
- Global Safety Pharmacology , Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , La Jolla , California 92121 , USA
| | - Stefanus J Steyn
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism , Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Kathleen M Wood
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Patrick R Verhoest
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gertsik N, Am Ende CW, Geoghegan KF, Nguyen C, Mukherjee P, Mente S, Seneviratne U, Johnson DS, Li YM. Mapping the Binding Site of BMS-708163 on γ-Secretase with Cleavable Photoprobes. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:3-8. [PMID: 28065657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
γ-Secretase, a four-subunit transmembrane aspartic proteinase, is a highly valued drug target in Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Despite significant progress in structural studies, the respective molecular mechanisms and binding modes of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) and modulators (GSMs) remain uncertain. Here, we developed biotinylated cleavable-linker photoprobes based on the BMS-708163 GSI to study its interaction with γ-secretase. Comparison of four cleavable linkers indicated that the hydrazine-labile N-1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl (Dde) linker was cleaved most efficiently to release photolabeled and affinity-captured presenilin-1 (PS1), the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase. Peptide mapping showed that the BMS-708163-based probe photoinserted at L282 of PS1. This insertion site was consistent with the results of molecular dynamics simulations of the γ-secretase complex with inhibitor. Taken together, this work reveals the binding site of a GSI and offers insights into the mechanism of action of this class of inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Gertsik
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Kieran F Geoghegan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Structural and Molecular Sciences, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Chuong Nguyen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Structural and Molecular Sciences, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Paramita Mukherjee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Scot Mente
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Uthpala Seneviratne
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zuhl AM, Nolan CE, Brodney MA, Niessen S, Atchison K, Houle C, Karanian DA, Ambroise C, Brulet JW, Beck EM, Doran SD, O'Neill BT, Am Ende CW, Chang C, Geoghegan KF, West GM, Judkins JC, Hou X, Riddell DR, Johnson DS. Chemoproteomic profiling reveals that cathepsin D off-target activity drives ocular toxicity of β-secretase inhibitors. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13042. [PMID: 27727204 PMCID: PMC5062570 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of β-secretase BACE1 is considered one of the most promising approaches for treating Alzheimer's disease. Several structurally distinct BACE1 inhibitors have been withdrawn from development after inducing ocular toxicity in animal models, but the target mediating this toxicity has not been identified. Here we use a clickable photoaffinity probe to identify cathepsin D (CatD) as a principal off-target of BACE1 inhibitors in human cells. We find that several BACE1 inhibitors blocked CatD activity in cells with much greater potency than that displayed in cell-free assays with purified protein. Through a series of exploratory toxicology studies, we show that quantifying CatD target engagement in cells with the probe is predictive of ocular toxicity in vivo. Taken together, our findings designate off-target inhibition of CatD as a principal driver of ocular toxicity for BACE1 inhibitors and more generally underscore the power of chemical proteomics for discerning mechanisms of drug action. Several β-secretase (BACE) inhibitors exhibit unexplained ocular toxicity in preclinical studies. Here the authors generate a clickable photoaffinity probe to interrogate off-targets in cells and animals, and identify inhibition of cathepsin D as a driver of ocular toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Zuhl
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Charles E Nolan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Michael A Brodney
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Kevin Atchison
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Christopher Houle
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Drug Safety Research and Development
| | - David A Karanian
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Drug Safety Research and Development
| | - Claude Ambroise
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Jeffrey W Brulet
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Elizabeth M Beck
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Shawn D Doran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism
| | - Kieran F Geoghegan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Structural Biology and Biophysics Group
| | - Graham M West
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry.,Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.,Structural Biology and Biophysics Group
| | - Joshua C Judkins
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| | - David R Riddell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Neuroscience Research Unit
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Murrey HE, Judkins JC, Am Ende CW, Ballard TE, Fang Y, Riccardi K, Di L, Guilmette ER, Schwartz JW, Fox JM, Johnson DS. Systematic Evaluation of Bioorthogonal Reactions in Live Cells with Clickable HaloTag Ligands: Implications for Intracellular Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11461-75. [PMID: 26270632 PMCID: PMC4572613 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Bioorthogonal
reactions, including the strain-promoted azide–alkyne
cycloaddition (SPAAC) and inverse electron demand Diels–Alder
(iEDDA) reactions, have become increasingly popular for live-cell
imaging applications. However, the stability and reactivity of reagents
has never been systematically explored in the context of a living
cell. Here we report a universal, organelle-targetable system based
on HaloTag protein technology for directly comparing bioorthogonal
reagent reactivity, specificity, and stability using clickable HaloTag
ligands in various subcellular compartments. This system enabled a
detailed comparison of the bioorthogonal reactions in live cells and
informed the selection of optimal reagents and conditions for live-cell
imaging studies. We found that the reaction of sTCO with monosubstituted
tetrazines is the fastest reaction in cells; however, both reagents
have stability issues. To address this, we introduced a new variant
of sTCO, Ag-sTCO, which has much improved stability and can be used
directly in cells for rapid bioorthogonal reactions with tetrazines.
Utilization of Ag complexes of conformationally strained trans-cyclooctenes should greatly expand their usefulness especially when
paired with less reactive, more stable tetrazines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Murrey
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joshua C Judkins
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Eric Ballard
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yinzhi Fang
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Keith Riccardi
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward R Guilmette
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joel W Schwartz
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gertsik N, Ballard TE, Am Ende CW, Johnson DS, Li YM. Development of CBAP-BPyne, a probe for γ-secretase and presenilinase. Medchemcomm 2014; 5:338-341. [PMID: 24914408 DOI: 10.1039/c3md00281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
γ-Secretase undergoes endoproteolysis of its catalytic subunit, presenilin (PS), to form PS N-terminal and C-terminal fragments (PS1-NTF/CTF), which generate the active site. PS endoproteolysis, catalyzed by presenilinase (PSase), remains poorly understood and requires novel chemical approaches for its mechanistic study. CBAP is a dual inhibitor that suppresses both γ-secretase and PSase activities. To probe γ-secretase and PSase activity in cells, we have synthesized the clickable photoaffinity probe CBAP-BPyne. We found that CBAP-BPyne specifically labels PS1-NTF and signal peptide peptidase (SPP). CBAP-BPyne is a valuable tool to directly study the mechanism of endoproteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Gertsik
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA ; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - T Eric Ballard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pozdnyakov N, Murrey HE, Crump CJ, Pettersson M, Ballard TE, Am Ende CW, Ahn K, Li YM, Bales KR, Johnson DS. γ-Secretase modulator (GSM) photoaffinity probes reveal distinct allosteric binding sites on presenilin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9710-9720. [PMID: 23396974 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.398602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase is an intramembrane aspartyl protease that cleaves the amyloid precursor protein to produce neurotoxic β-amyloid peptides (i.e. Aβ42) that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Small molecule γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) have emerged as potential disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer disease because they reduce the formation of Aβ42 while not blocking the processing of γ-secretase substrates. We developed clickable GSM photoaffinity probes with the goal of identifying the target of various classes of GSMs and to better understand their mechanism of action. Here, we demonstrate that the photoaffinity probe E2012-BPyne specifically labels the N-terminal fragment of presenilin-1 (PS1-NTF) in cell membranes as well as in live cells and primary neuronal cultures. The labeling is competed in the presence of the parent imidazole GSM E2012, but not with acid GSM-1, allosteric GSI BMS-708163, or substrate docking site peptide inhibitor pep11, providing evidence that these compounds have distinct binding sites. Surprisingly, we found that the cross-linking of E2012-BPyne to PS1-NTF is significantly enhanced in the presence of the active site-directed GSI L-685,458 (L458). In contrast, L458 does not affect the labeling of the acid GSM photoprobe GSM-5. We also observed that E2012-BPyne specifically labels PS1-NTF (active γ-secretase) but not full-length PS1 (inactive γ-secretase) in ANP.24 cells. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that multiple binding sites within the γ-secretase complex exist, each of which may contribute to different modes of modulatory action. Furthermore, the enhancement of PS1-NTF labeling by E2012-BPyne in the presence of L458 suggests a degree of cooperativity between the active site of γ-secretase and the modulatory binding site of certain GSMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Pozdnyakov
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Heather E Murrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Christina J Crump
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Science of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - T Eric Ballard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | | | - Kwangwook Ahn
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Science of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Science of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021
| | - Kelly R Bales
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.
| |
Collapse
|