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Relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 precautionary measures and the frequency of infection among medical students at an Egyptian University. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274473. [PMID: 36121862 PMCID: PMC9484682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Medical undergraduates are at high risk of COVID-19 infection. Thus, conformance to healthy practices is advised to reduce disease transmission and control the current epidemic. The present study aimed to explore the relationship of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) related to COVID-19 precautionary measures with the frequency of infection among medical students at an Egyptian University.
Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 undergraduate medical students from different grades using a web-based self-administered anonymous questionnaire.
Results
More than one-third of medical students (37.4%) were previously infected with COVID-19, where the majority (60.5%) were diagnosed with relevant signs and symptoms. Medical students with low levels of KAP experienced higher frequencies of infection than did other students. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the number of previous COVID-19 infections among medical students and their knowledge and attitude scores toward COVID-19. In addition, a statistically significant positive correlation was noted among KAP scores (P < 0.01).
Conclusion
Improving the knowledge, attitude, and conformance of medical students to precautionary measures toward COVID-19 may substantially reduce the risk and frequency of infection and, hence, reduce community transmission.
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Van der Merwe LJ, Nel G, Williams C, Erasmus S, Nel R, Kolver M, Van den Heever B, Joubert G. The knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding family history of hereditary diseases amongst undergraduate students at the University of the Free State. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2022; 64:e1-e8. [PMID: 35144466 PMCID: PMC8844543 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v64i1.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynette J Van der Merwe
- Undergraduate Medical Programme Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein.
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Rocholl M, Hannappel J, Ludewig M, John SM. UV-Induced Skin Cancer Knowledge, Sun Exposure, and Tanning Behavior among University Students: Investigation of an Opportunity Sample of German University Students. J Skin Cancer 2021; 2021:5558694. [PMID: 35003809 PMCID: PMC8731302 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5558694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the most important risk factor for developing skin cancer. University students can be considered as a particularly high-risk group for long- and short-term adverse effects of UVR due to intensive solar UVR exposure and high rates of sunburn. While validated questionnaires for assessing solar UVR exposure and sun protection behavior are available in German, a questionnaire for assessing the level of knowledge about this topic is still missing. We conducted a literature search for cross-sectional studies assessing skin cancer and sun protection knowledge among university students in Medline (via PubMed) and analyzed existing questionnaires and topics contained therein. We chose to translate the "Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale" referring to the TRAPD method into the German language and pilot-tested the translation with an opportunity sample of German students. The literature search revealed 36 eligible studies. Four major topics were identified within the studies: knowledge on skin cancer, risk factors, UVR, and sun protection measures. One hundred and seven German university students (86.0% female) with a mean age of 26.25 years (SD ± 4.58; range: 19-46) participated in our pilot study. The internal reliability of the scale was KR-20 = 0.624. We discovered an improvable level of knowledge in terms of skin cancer among the study population. Statistical analyses revealed no significant associations between the level of knowledge and UVR exposure or tanning behavior, respectively. The skin cancer and sun protection knowledge of German university students should be examined thoroughly. While the psychometric properties of the SCSK require further thorough investigation, first empirical experiences indicate the suitability of the tool to assess the level of knowledge regarding skin cancer and sun protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rocholl
- Institute for Health Research and Education, Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Julia Hannappel
- Institute for Health Research and Education, Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Michaela Ludewig
- Institute for Health Research and Education, Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Swen Malte John
- Institute for Health Research and Education, Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
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Elsayed Emara H, Alhindi AA, Orebi HA, Kabbash IA, Elghazally NM. COVID-19 Pandemic: Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Medical Students Toward the Novel Coronavirus Disease. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:1-8. [PMID: 34096491 PMCID: PMC8314059 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are vulnerable to infection by the coronavirus. Their awareness of the disease is crucial for their safety and for the management of the epidemic by spreading supportive information in their communities. The aim of this study was to assess coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices among Egyptian medical students. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study from the beginning of April to June 2020; a total of 439 undergraduate medical students (1st to 6th academic years) were assessed using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 33 questions, including 5 items regarding socio-demographic features, 23 items concerning COVID-19 related knowledge, 2 items regarding attitude, and 3 items related to preventive measures. RESULTS We observed an acceptable level of knowledge (74.3%) among the sample studied. Preclinical and female students were significantly more optimistic as 69.1% expected successful control of COVID-19, and 48.9% predicted that Egypt will win the fight against COVID-19. The majority of participants reported wearing a facemask in public places as a preventive measure (56.7%). CONCLUSIONS Egyptian medical students had an acceptable level of knowledge, positive attitude, and good practices of preventive measures regarding the COVID-19 virus. There is no significant difference in almost all items of knowledge, attitude, and practices in relation to gender or academic grade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ibrahim Ali Kabbash
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Elghazally
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt
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Noreen K, Rubab ZE, Umar M, Rehman R, Baig M, Baig F. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices against the growing threat of COVID-19 among medical students of Pakistan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243696. [PMID: 33306712 PMCID: PMC7732088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background On account of the COVID-19 pandemic, many changes have been implicated in university medical students. We are cognizant that pandemic can be controlled with dedicated contributions from all involved in the healthcare profession. Therefore, it is important to know the pandemic and application of knowledge by the medical students to formulate a further line of management in Pakistan. Objective We aimed toinvestigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 and its impact on medical students of Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2020 by a validated self—administered questionnaire. The survey instrument was tailored from a published questionnaire comprised of questions on demographics (6), knowledge (14), attitudes (4), and practices (6). Results Of the 1474 medical students in the study, 576(39.1%) were males, and 898(60.1%) were females. Two-thirds of the participants 1057(71.7%) had adequate knowledge, and almost all the students had positive attitudes (1363(92.5%), and good practices 1406(95.4%) to COVID-19. Two-thirds of the medical students 1023(69%) believed that the COVID-19 outbreak had affected their social, mental, and psychological well-being. One-quarter of the medical students 391(26%) become more religious, 597(40%) realized the importance of life, and 1140(77%) became careless because of the pandemic. The female medical students were 2.545 times (p < .001) and 4.414 times (p < .001) more likely to have positive attitudes and good practices toward COVID-19 as compared to males. Conclusion Medical students, especially females and senior year scholars, were well-versed with desired levels of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive measures toward COVID-19. Most of them recognized COVID 19, is shaping their social, mental, and psychological well-being and encroaching on the healthcare system and economy. The information acquired by the KAP study may help to devise effective preventive strategies for future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khola Noreen
- Department of Community Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Zil-e- Rubab
- Ziauddin Medical College-Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fizzah Baig
- Ziauddin Medical College-Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Khasawneh AI, Humeidan AA, Alsulaiman JW, Bloukh S, Ramadan M, Al-Shatanawi TN, Awad HH, Hijazi WY, Al-Kammash KR, Obeidat N, Saleh T, Kheirallah KA. Medical Students and COVID-19: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Precautionary Measures. A Descriptive Study From Jordan. Front Public Health 2020; 8:253. [PMID: 32574313 PMCID: PMC7274076 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and has impacted the lives of the global populations. Human behavior and knowledge assessment during the crisis are critical in the overall efforts to contain the outbreak. To assess knowledge, attitude, perceptions, and precautionary measures toward COVID-19 among a sample of medical students in Jordan. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted between the 16th and 19th of March 2020. Participants were students enrolled in different levels of study at the six medical schools in Jordan. An online questionnaire which was posted on online platforms was used. The questionnaire consisted of four main sections: socio-demographics, sources of information, knowledge attitudes, and precautionary measures regarding COVID-19. Medical students used mostly social media (83.4%) and online search engines (84.8%) as their preferred source of information on COVID-19 and relied less on medical search engines (64.1%). Most students believed that hand shaking (93.7%), kissing (94.7%), exposure to contaminated surfaces (97.4%), and droplet inhalation (91.0%) are the primary mode of transmission but were indecisive regarding airborne transmission with only 41.8% in support. Participants also reported that elderly with chronic illnesses are the most susceptible group for the coronavirus infection (95.0%). As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic more than 80.0% of study participants adopted social isolation strategies, regular hand washing, and enhanced personal hygiene measures as their first line of defense against the virus. In conclusion, Jordanian medical students showed expected level of knowledge about the COVID-19 virus and implemented proper strategies to prevent its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf I Khasawneh
- The Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Anas Abu Humeidan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jomana W Alsulaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Ramadan
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tariq N Al-Shatanawi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Hasan H Awad
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Waleed Y Hijazi
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kinda R Al-Kammash
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nail Obeidat
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- The Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Khasawneh AI, Humeidan AA, Alsulaiman JW, Bloukh S, Ramadan M, Al-Shatanawi TN, Awad HH, Hijazi WY, Al-Kammash KR, Obeidat N, Saleh T, Kheirallah KA. Medical Students and COVID-19: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Precautionary Measures. A Descriptive Study From Jordan. Front Public Health 2020. [PMID: 32574313 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00253/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and has impacted the lives of the global populations. Human behavior and knowledge assessment during the crisis are critical in the overall efforts to contain the outbreak. To assess knowledge, attitude, perceptions, and precautionary measures toward COVID-19 among a sample of medical students in Jordan. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted between the 16th and 19th of March 2020. Participants were students enrolled in different levels of study at the six medical schools in Jordan. An online questionnaire which was posted on online platforms was used. The questionnaire consisted of four main sections: socio-demographics, sources of information, knowledge attitudes, and precautionary measures regarding COVID-19. Medical students used mostly social media (83.4%) and online search engines (84.8%) as their preferred source of information on COVID-19 and relied less on medical search engines (64.1%). Most students believed that hand shaking (93.7%), kissing (94.7%), exposure to contaminated surfaces (97.4%), and droplet inhalation (91.0%) are the primary mode of transmission but were indecisive regarding airborne transmission with only 41.8% in support. Participants also reported that elderly with chronic illnesses are the most susceptible group for the coronavirus infection (95.0%). As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic more than 80.0% of study participants adopted social isolation strategies, regular hand washing, and enhanced personal hygiene measures as their first line of defense against the virus. In conclusion, Jordanian medical students showed expected level of knowledge about the COVID-19 virus and implemented proper strategies to prevent its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf I Khasawneh
- The Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Anas Abu Humeidan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jomana W Alsulaiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Ramadan
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tariq N Al-Shatanawi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Hasan H Awad
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Waleed Y Hijazi
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kinda R Al-Kammash
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nail Obeidat
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- The Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Khalid A Kheirallah
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Sopjani S, Sopjani I, Dushi O. A Self-Reported Study Toward Melanoma Knowledge, Protective Behavior and Personal Risk Among Nursing Faculty Students at AAB University of Kosovo. Med Arch 2019; 73:201-204. [PMID: 31404124 PMCID: PMC6643331 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2019.73.201-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In nowadays, melanoma is one of the major problems of public health all over the world. In Kosovo, the incidence of melanoma has shown irregular tendency with significant increases and decreases in the last five years. Aim The aim of this paper was to detect the knowledge level of nursing students in Kosovo's University (AAB University) regarding melanoma and its risk factors; to evaluate their knowledge about the protection and prevention methods of melanoma as one of the main topics of dermatology and major problems of public health worldwide nowadays. Of a great importance, it was to evaluate the necessity of establishing a dermatology course in nursing curricula in Kosovo universities, as nurses have a key role in educating and promoting health in the population. Methods The training was conducted through slides, photos, videos and a questionnaire was used to collect the data before and after training. Data analysis was run through SPSS program version 20.0. Data were expressed through mean values and standard deviations. T-test, Anova and regression analysis were performed to test the relationship between the protective behaviors, knowledge, personal risk and level of concern. Results Results indicated a low level of knowledge and a fairly poor protective behavior among the participants. Conclusion On-going training and enrichment of school curricula emerged as an intervention to increase the awareness of the students toward potential risks of melanoma and ultimate change in the protective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidita Sopjani
- Resident at Dermato-Venerology Clinic at University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Idriz Sopjani
- Nursing Faculty at AAB University, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Ormen Dushi
- Student in Business Administration program of Istanbul Commerce University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Baykal Selcuk L, Aksu Arica D, Ates E, Yayli S, Bahadir S. Sun-protective behaviours of Turkish young adults. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 35:178-186. [PMID: 30648287 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of skin cancers, including melanoma, has increased significantly in the past five decades. The main environmental factor implicated in their development is excessive sun exposure. Data on sun-protective behaviours in the Turkish population are very limited. OBJECTIVES We aim to assess sun protection behaviours and the prevalence of exposure through broad participation among a young adult population in a national university in Turkey. METHODS A multiple-choice questionnaire including 27 questions to evaluate sun protection behaviours was sent to e-mail addresses of all undergraduates. From 40 000 undergraduates, 17 769 of them were included in the study, with a response rate of 44.4%. RESULTS Sunscreen usage was the most preferred sun protection method, used by 64% of the study population, followed by the use of sunglasses (60%), tending to remain in the shade (49%), the use of a hat (34%) and wearing long-sleeved clothing (23%). Forty-four percentage of the students used at least two methods, whereas 7% did not use any sun protection method. The prevalence rates of the use of sunscreen, sunglasses, wearing long-sleeved clothing and preferring to remain in the shade in the summer were all significantly higher among women. In addition, the prevalence rates of the use of sunscreen and preferring to remain in the shade were higher among students in the faculty of medicine. CONCLUSION We found that when compared to the countries with the highest incidences of skin cancer, such as Australia and the United States, young adults in Turkey are protecting themselves more from the sun. This rate was even higher among women and faculty of medicine undergrads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Baykal Selcuk
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Techinical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Deniz Aksu Arica
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Techinical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Elif Ates
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Techinical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Savaş Yayli
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Techinical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Bahadir
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Techinical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Nahar V, Wilkerson A, Ghafari G, Martin B, Black W, Boyas J, Savoy M, Bawa G, Stafford F, Scott M, Grigsby T, Gromley Z, Grant-Kels J, Brodell R. Skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and prevention practices among medical students: A systematic search and literature review. Int J Womens Dermatol 2018; 4:139-149. [PMID: 30175215 PMCID: PMC6116816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As future physicians, medical students will play an important role in the prevention of skin cancers by becoming directly involved in skin cancer prevention education and counseling patients about the hazards of ultraviolet light. OBJECTIVE We assessed the skin cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and prevention practices reported in previous studies of medical students. METHODS The search for relevant articles was performed in four electronic databases: PubMed (Medline), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, ERIC, and PsycINFO. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: 1) targeted medical students; 2) assessed sun avoidance, sun protection, skin self-examination, and/or indoor tanning behaviors; 3) were published in peer-reviewed journals; and 4) complete data were available for extraction. RESULTS A total of 21 studies are included in this review. Important findings include moderate-to-high levels of skin cancer knowledge and low levels of both sunscreen and ultraviolet light knowledge. The attitudes and knowledge of medical students reflect a low level of concern with regard to the perceived importance of skin cancer compared with other forms of cancer despite a high level of concern for the importance of skin cancer prevention. Furthermore, this review demonstrated that medical students fail to protect themselves routinely from the sun and have a high interest in tanning bed use. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates the need to educate medical students about skin cancer and skin cancer preventive behaviors. New strategies and educational campaigns should be developed to communicate better information on skin cancer morbidity, mortality, and prevention to medical students. This will pay dividends by improving the practice of these future physicians in all specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.K. Nahar
- Center for Animal and Human Health in Appalachia, College of Veterinary Medicine, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, and School of Mathematics and Sciences, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - A.H. Wilkerson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
| | - G. Ghafari
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN
| | - B. Martin
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN
| | - W.H. Black
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - J.F. Boyas
- Department of Social Work, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS
| | - M. Savoy
- Dr. Lon and Elizabeth Parr Reed Health Sciences Library, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, TN
| | - G. Bawa
- College of Naturopathic Medicine, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT
| | - F.C. Stafford
- Aerospace/Occupational Medicine, U.S. Army School of Aviation Medicine, Enterprise, AL
| | - M. Scott
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN
| | - T.B. Grigsby
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN
| | - Z. Gromley
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN
| | - J.M. Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center and School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - R.T. Brodell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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11
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Isvy A, Beauchet A, Saiag P, Mahé E. Medical students and sun prevention: knowledge and behaviours in France. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:e247-51. [PMID: 22827632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High sun exposure is a major risk factor of skin cancer, and physicians are first-line players in a sun-risk prevention campaign. OBJECTIVES To survey medical students at the end of their general medical education about their knowledge and behaviours concerning natural and artificial sun risk and its prevention. METHODS A 32-question survey was e-mailed to fifth or sixth year medical school students or first-year resident, attending residency-exam preparatory courses in Paris. RESULTS Among 1,374 students, 570 (41.7%) completed the questionnaires. General aspects of sun-protection measures were known to >75% but responses to specific questions, mainly the impact of environmental conditions on sun risk, were frequently erroneous. Although most students declared using sunscreen and avoiding peak hours, 39% never or exceptionally (<1/year) performed skin self-examination. Fewer than one-third wore long sleeves or cap/hat in the sun, and tanning beds were used by 13.5%, but their regulations remained unknown by 30-68%. CONCLUSION The sixth year of medical school signals the end of non-specialized training. Students' results and practices were almost comparable to those of the French general population. Medical schools might not be providing adequate sun-protection education programmes, perhaps diminishing the ability of future doctors to educate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Isvy
- Department of Dermatology, Ambroise-Paré University Hospital, University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 9, avenue Charles de Gaulle, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Andreeva VA, Cockburn MG, Yaroch AL, Unger JB, Rueda R, Reynolds KD. Preliminary evidence for mediation of the association between acculturation and sun-safe behaviors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 147:814-9. [PMID: 21768480 DOI: 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and test mediators of the relationship between acculturation and sun-safe behaviors among Latinos in the United States. We hypothesized that the effect of acculturation on use of sunscreen, shade, and sun-protective clothing would be mediated by perceived health status, educational level, access to health care, and contact with social networks regarding health matters. DESIGN The 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey, implemented by the National Cancer Institute. SETTING Nationwide survey. PARTICIPANTS A probability-based sample of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized adult population, comprising 496 Latino respondents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Use of sunscreen, shade, and sun-protective clothing when outdoors on sunny days, assessed by self-report on frequency scales. RESULTS The positive association between acculturation and sunscreen use and the negative association between acculturation and use of sun-protective clothing were mediated by educational level (P < .05 for both). Perceived health status and contact with social networks regarding health matters were supported as mediators for sunscreen use only (P < .05). Health care access was not supported as a mediator for any of the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Structural equation models revealed distinct direct and indirect paths between acculturation and each sun-safe practice. Our findings emphasize behavior-specific mediated associations and could inform sun safety programming for Latinos with low and high levels of acculturation. The models support educational level, contact with social networks regarding health matters, and perceived health status as mediators primarily for sunscreen use. Future research should test different mediators for use of shade or sun-protective clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Andreeva
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Andreeva VA, Yaroch AL, Unger JB, Cockburn MG, Rueda R, Reynolds KD. Moderated mediation regarding the sun-safe behaviors of U.S. Latinos: advancing the theory and evidence for acculturation-focused research and interventions. J Immigr Minor Health 2010; 12:691-8. [PMID: 19937384 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-009-9302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed a negative association between acculturation and sun-safe behaviors, possibly mediated by education level, health status, and social networks. We sought to elucidate this relationship by exploring the moderating effects of gender and health insurance on each mediated path. We used data from 496 Latino respondents to the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey. Acculturation, assessed by a four-item index, was the primary predictor; use of sunscreen and protective clothing were the primary outcomes, assessed by frequency scales. Moderated mediation was tested with an established causal moderation method. The mediated association between acculturation, education level and sunscreen use might be stronger among women than men (P < 0.08). We found no evidence of moderated mediation for use of protective clothing. The findings suggest ways of refining the theoretical and empirical rationale for sun safety research and interventions with Latinos. Studies should replicate these models with longitudinal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Andreeva
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Jones B, Oh C, Corkery E, Hanley R, Egan CA. Attitudes and perceptions regarding skin cancer and sun protection behaviour in an Irish population. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007; 21:1097-101. [PMID: 17714132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although people seem to be well educated on the harmful effects of the sun, they continue to intentionally expose themselves without adequate protection. AIMS To ascertain baseline knowledge regarding skin cancer and review the sun protection behaviours in an Irish population and the effect of doctor-based education on these behaviours. METHODS Two hundred participants were recruited for a questionnaire-based study on their perceptions regarding skin cancer and their sun protection behaviour. They were divided into two groups, with one group receiving doctor-based education following the initial survey, and a follow-up questionnaire was carried out within 3 months. RESULTS Ninety per cent of participants knew that sun exposure was the major risk factor for skin cancer, and 95% knew that sun beds were not a safe way to tan. Despite this, < 20% used regular sunscreen, and 30% had used or were currently using sun beds in order to tan. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that although the participants' knowledge of skin cancer and risk of sun exposure is high, their sun-protective attitudes were not influenced by education in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jones
- Department of Dermatology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland.
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