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Makni L, Stayoussef M, Ghazouani E, Mezlini A, Almawi WY, BesmaYacoubi-Loueslati. Distinct association of VEGF-A polymorphisms with laryngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer. Meta Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Peptidoglycan and muramyl dipeptide from Staphylococcus aureus induce the expression of VEGF-A in human limbal fibroblasts with the participation of TLR2-NFκB and NOD2-EGFR. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 251:53-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-012-2130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Pentheroudakis G, Nicolaou I, Kotoula V, Fountzilas E, Markou K, Eleftheraki AG, Fragkoulidi A, Karasmanis I, Tsigka A, Angouridakis N, Vlachtsis K, Nikolaou A, Pavlidis N, Fountzilas G. Prognostic utility of angiogenesis and hypoxia effectors in patients with operable squamous cell cancer of the larynx. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:709-16. [PMID: 22366437 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is active in localised laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We assessed relative messenger RNA (mRNA) and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF) A, B, C, their receptors VEGFR1, 2, 3, Neuropilins 1, 2 (NRP1, 2) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1A (HIF1A) in paraffin-embedded localised laryngeal carcinomas. In 289 patients with T3-4 (77.8%), node-negative (84.1%) tumours of the larynx, high VEGFA and VEGFR1 mRNA correlated with advanced T stage, while low VEGFB and VEGFC mRNA with alcohol abuse and supraglottic primary, respectively (p<0.05). Age <55 was associated with high IHC expression of VEGFA, C and poor tumour differentiation with high IHC VEGFA. At a median follow-up of 74.5months, patients with VEGFR1-high tumours had significantly poorer disease-free survival (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.93, p=0.008) and shorter overall survival (OS, HR 1.71, p=0.041). An association with dismal OS was seen for high VEGFR3 tumoural mRNA expression (HR 1.76, p=0.02). IHC expression of VEGF family proteins in the tumour was not prognostic and had poor concordance with mRNA expression (kappa<0.1, p=NS). In multivariate analysis, node-positive status, non-supraglottic localization, high VEGFR1 mRNA and high IHC VEGFA expression were significantly associated with relapse, while node-positive status, high VEGFR1 and VEGFC mRNA expression in the tumour with risk of death. In laryngeal cancer, upregulated mRNA expression of VEGFR1 and VEGFC is associated with poor patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pentheroudakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece.
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Mărgăritescu C, Pirici D, Stîngă A, Simionescu C, Raica M, Mogoantă L, Stepan A, Ribatti D. VEGF expression and angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical and morphometric study. Clin Exp Med 2010; 10:209-14. [PMID: 20376688 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-010-0095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is involved in tumor progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we have investigated by immunohistochemistry vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tumor cells and we have correlated VEGF expression to microvessel area, evaluated by using CD105 as a marker of endothelial cells, in bioptic specimens of 54 human OSCC. Results demonstrated that VEGF is highly expressed in OSCC tumor specimens when compared to pre-neoplastic and normal tissues, without differences between the edge and inside the tumor. Moreover, VEGF expression is reduced in poor differentiated OSCC tumors when compared to moderate and good differentiated forms, and tumor microvessel area is higher in tumors when compared to pre-neoplastic lesions and normal tissues. Finally, VEGF and CD105 may be considered as reliable markers of tumor angiogenesis and progression in OSCC, even if we did not demonstrate any correlation between VEGF expression, tumor microvascular area, clinical stage, and lymph node status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Mărgăritescu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Transcriptional activity of human epidermal growth factor receptor family and angiogenesis effectors in locoregionally recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and correlation with patient outcome. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2009; 2009:854127. [PMID: 19830244 PMCID: PMC2760129 DOI: 10.1155/2009/854127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Locoregional recurrence is the most common failure pattern in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We retrospectively identified 41 HNSCC patients with locoregional relapse and used kinetic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (kRT-PCR) in order to study fresh-frozen tumour messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the Human Epidermal growth factor family members HER1-4, the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) A, B, C, D, and their receptors VEGFR1, 2, 3. High VEGF-C and VEGFR3 tumour mRNA expression correlated with relapse beyond the primary locus (neck nodes or soft tissues, P < .05). Tumours with regional nodal involvement at diagnosis more often exhibited high transcriptional activity of VEGFR1 and VEGFR3 at the time of relapse (P < .05). At a median follow-up of 52 months from the time of locoregional recurrence, patients with high VEGF-C tumours at relapse had significantly poorer postrelapse progression-free survival (R-PFS, 5 versus 47 months, log-rank P = .052) and a trend for inferior postrelapse overall survival (R-OS, 22 versus 44 months, log-rank P = .076) in comparison to low VEGF-C tumours. Similar association with dismal outcome was seen for its receptor, VEGFR3 tumoural mRNA levels (log-rank P = .060). In contrast, suppressed tumour transcription of VEGF-D was associated with poorer post-relapse survival, though statistical significance was not reached. Active transcription of the VEGF-C/VEGFR3 axis in recurrent HNSCC is associated with failure at neck soft tissues/lymph nodes and inferior survival post-relapse.
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Stadler P, Putnik K, Kreimeyer T, Sprague LD, Koelbl O, Schäfer C. Split course hyperfractionated accelerated radio-chemotherapy (SCHARC) for patients with advanced head and neck cancer: influence of protocol deviations and hemoglobin on overall survival, a retrospective analysis. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:279. [PMID: 17150114 PMCID: PMC1702360 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The advantage of hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy for advanced head and neck cancer has been reported. Furthermore, randomized trials and meta-analyses have confirmed the survival benefit of additional chemotherapy to radiotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed the efficiency and toxicity of the Regensburg standard therapy protocol "SCHARC" and the overall survival of our patients. Methods From 1997 to 2004, 64 patients suffering from advanced head and neck cancer (88 % stage IV, 12 % stage III) were assigned to receive the SCHARC protocol. Around half of the patients were diagnosed with oro-hypopharynx carcinoma (52 %), one third with tongue and floor of mouth tumors (29 %) and one fifth (19 %) suffered from H & N cancer at other sites. The schedule consisted of one therapy block with 30 Gy in 20 fractions over a two week period with concomitant chemotherapy (d 1–5: 20 mg/m2/d DDP + 750–1000 mg/m2/d 5FU (cont. infusion). This therapy block was repeated after a fortnight break up to a cumulative dose of 60 Gy and followed by a boost up to 70 Gy (69–70.5 Gy). All patients assigned to this scheme were included in the survival evaluation. Results Forty patients (63 %) received both radiation and chemotherapy according to the protocol. The mean follow up was 2.3 years (829 d) and the median follow up was 1.9 years (678 d), respectively. The analysis of survival revealed an estimated 3 year overall survival rate of 57 %. No patient died of complications, 52 patients (80 %) had acute grade 2–3 mucositis, and 33 patients (58 %) suffered from acute grade 3 skin toxicity. Leucopenia was no major problem (mean nadir 3.4 g/nl, no patient < 1.0 g/nl) and the mean hemoglobin value decreased from 13.2 to 10.5 g/dl. Univariate analysis of survival showed a better outcome for patients with a hemoglobin nadir >10.5 g/dl and for patients who completed the protocol. Conclusion The SCHARC protocol was effective in patients diagnosed with advanced head and neck cancer. It led to long-term disease control and survival in about 50 % of the patients with significant but acceptable toxicity. Most patients were not anemic at beginning of therapy. Therefore, we could assess the influence of pre-treatment hemoglobin on survival. However, a low hemoglobin nadir was associated with poor outcome. This result suggests an influence of anemia during therapy on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stadler
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
- Praxis Muehleninsel Landshut-Muehldorf-Dingolfing, Germany
| | - Kurt Putnik
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thore Kreimeyer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa D Sprague
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital TU Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Koelbl
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christof Schäfer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
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Hinojar-Gutiérrez A, Fernández-Contreras ME, González-González R, Fernández-Luque MJ, Hinojar-Arzadún A, Quintanilla M, Gamallo C. Intratumoral Lymphatic Vessels and VEGF-C Expression Are Predictive Factors of Lymph Node Relapse in T1-T4 N0 Laryngopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 14:248-57. [PMID: 17066224 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-006-9201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of intratumoral lymphatic vessels (ILVs) and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in tumour cells have been studied as markers of lymphangiogenesis in order to evaluate their role in metastatic dissemination in laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS A retrospective study was performed in 76 patients of N0 laryngopharyngeal carcinoma. with variable tumour size (T1-T4), histological grade, and location (supraglottic, glottic and hypopharyngeal). The presence of ILVs, as revealed by the expression of PA2.26 antigen and VEGF-C expression, were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Low-grade and high-grade lymphangiogenesis were defined by qualitative and quantitative criteria. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed low-grade ILV and VEGF-C expression to be associated respectively with 30.3- and 16.2-fold higher probabilities of cervical lymph node relapse (P = 0.005 and P = 0.032) and with 16.2- and 8.44-fold shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.009 and P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Low-grade ILV and VEGF-C expression are independent predictive factors of cervical lymph node relapse and shortening of time to relapse in N0 laryngopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Hinojar-Gutiérrez
- Department of Otorhynolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Kyzas PA, Cunha IW, Ioannidis JPA. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor immunohistochemical expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:1434-40. [PMID: 15746043 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered as a prime mediator of angiogenesis. Various studies examining the relationship between VEGF protein overexpression with the clinical outcome in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have yielded inconclusive results. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted a meta-analysis of 12 studies (n = 1.002 patients) that evaluated the correlation between VEGF (detected by immunohistochemistry) and 2-year overall survival. The relation between VEGF and lymph node involvement (11 studies, n = 722) was also examined. Data were synthesized with random effect and fixed effect risk ratios. RESULTS The estimated risk of death in 2 years was 1.88-fold higher in the VEGF-positive patients [95% confidence interval, 1.43-2.45; P < 0.001 random effect calculations]. Between-study heterogeneity was nonsignificant (P = 0.15) but larger studies tended to provide more conservative estimates (P = 0.097). VEGF overexpression was not significantly associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (risk ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.49; P = 0.087) and there was significant between-study heterogeneity (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Although some modest bias cannot be excluded, VEGF positivity seems to be associated with worse overall survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis A Kyzas
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, 45110, Greece
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Kyzas PA, Stefanou D, Batistatou A, Agnantis NJ. Prognostic significance of VEGF immunohistochemical expression and tumor angiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2005; 131:624-30. [PMID: 16044346 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-005-0003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor angiogenesis is crucial for both the growth of the primary tumor and the development of metastases. Among the factors causing tumor angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered as a leading candidate. We aimed to assess the prognostic significance of VEGF and tumor angiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 69 patients with HNSCC, in order to investigate whether VEGF immunohistochemical expression and tumor angiogenesis correlate with clinicopathological parameters and outcome. Tumor angiogenesis was estimated by determining microvessel density (MVD), and VEGF expression was assessed quantitatively. RESULTS Vascular endothelial growth factor and MVD correlated statistically significant with the clinical stage, but not with the presence of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Tumors located in the oral cavity and larynx more often expressed high VEGF immunostaining compared with tumors located in the lower lip. High VEGF expression was associated with higher clinical stage and worse overall survival in this cohort of patients. CONCLUSIONS Vascular endothelial growth factor expression may have prognostic significance for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis A Kyzas
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Ishikawa M, Kitayama J, Kazama S, Nagawa H. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C in preoperative biopsy specimens and metastatic foci of regional lymph nodes in submucosal gastric carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2005; 3:2. [PMID: 15636643 PMCID: PMC545047 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C is implicated in lymphangiogenesis, however the exact role of VEGF-C in promoting lymphatic spread of cancer cells remains largely unknown. METHODS: The expression of VEGF-C was immunohistochemically determined in 97 endoscopic biopsy specimens from 46 patients with submucosal gastric carcinoma (SGC). Nodal metastases including micrometastasis and isolated tumor cells (ITC) were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin in 1650 lymph nodes, and tumor cells in these metastatic nodes were also examined for VEGF-C expression. RESULTS: In biopsy samples, VEGF-C was positively detected in 21 (47%) patients. Metastases were identified in 46 (2.8%) nodes from 15 (33%) patients. Metastases were detected in 39 nodes by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and in additional 7 nodes as ITC by immunohistochemical staining. The rate of lymph node metastases was significantly correlated with VEGF-C expression in biopsy samples (p < 0.05). The positive and negative predictive values of VEGF-C in biopsy specimens for nodal metastasis were 44 %(10/21) and 80% (20/25), respectively. Among the 46 metastatic nodes, tumor cells in 29 (63%) nodes positive patients expressed VEGF-C, whereas those in 17 (37%) nodes did not. VEGF-C expression was high in macronodular foci in medullary areas, whereas more than half of ITC or micrometastasis located in peripheral sinus lacked the expression of VEGF-C. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the significant correlation, immunodetcetion of VEGF-C in endoscopic biopsy specimens could not accurately predict the nodal status, and thus cannot be applied for the decision of the treatment for SGC. VEGF-C may not be essential for lymphatic transport, but rather important to develop the macronodular lesion in metastatic nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kazama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nagawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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