Granular cell myoblastoma and carcinoma of the larynx

Granular Cell Tumors of the Larynx: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE

Granular cell tumor of the larynx is an uncommon, typically benign lesion that may be confused for a malignant neoplasm based on histopathology. This review examines cases of granular cell tumor of the larynx in adults to highlight key distinctions in diagnosis/management and demonstrate how misclassification may lead to unnecessary escalations in therapy.

DATA SOURCES AND METHODS

A systematic search of PubMed, Ovid, and EBSCO Search Hosts was completed in December 2021. The search yielded 501 articles with 87 full-text articles included in the review. Primary search terms included granular cell, tumor, larynx, and adult. Primary endpoints were patient presentation, primary management, pathological features, and disease course.

RESULTS

A systematic review of 87 articles identified 200 patients with granular cell tumors (GCTs) of the larynx. Of the 200 patients, 50.3% were males and 49.7% were females. Of these, 54.0% were reported as white patients, and 46.0% were reported as black patients. The most common presenting symptoms were dysphonia (85.9%) and stridor/dyspnea (14.1%). On examination, the lesions were most commonly polypoid/nodular and firm. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) was identified in 33.5% of cases, and 2% of cases were malignant. GCTs were misdiagnosed as other malignant lesions in 11% of cases. In benign cases, 13.5% of patients underwent additional surgeries beyond simple excision/laryngofissure, including laryngectomy and neck dissection. Less than 2% of lesions reoccurred.

CONCLUSION

Granular cell tumors of the larynx are typically benign lesions that may be misdiagnosed with unnecessary escalation of treatment. However, most lesions resolve via primary surgical excision. Laryngoscope, 134:1523-1530, 2024.

Coexistent Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Granular Cell Tumor of Head and Neck Region: Report of Two Very Rare Cases and Review of the Literature

Granular cell tumor (GCT), a relatively rare neuroectodermal tumor occurring most often in the head and neck region, is not uncommonly associated with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying surface epithelium, which may be at times nonreadily distinguishable from well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To the best of our knowledge, only a handful of coexisting SCC and GCT, mostly described in the esophagus, have been reported in (the current) literature so far. We herein report 2 new cases of coexisting GCT and SCC of the head and neck region, located, respectively, in larynx and tongue; comment on their clinical, imaging, and pathologic features; and discuss their management. In the present work, we also review the literature concerning this association to contribute to the head and neck pathologists' and surgeons' awareness regarding the possibility of this association for an adequate surgical excision and a better management of these patients.

Granular cell tumors of the larynx

Granular cell tumor is a rare neoplasm that may involve the larynx. It is almost always benign. Laryngologists should be familiar with this unusual tumor, its implications and appropriate treatment.

Granular cell tumour of the larynx

Granular cell tumour (GCT) of the larynx is an uncommon laryngeal tumour. It is always benign and commonly located in the posterior part of the larynx. Care must be taken to differentiate this lesion from others due to the presence of pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia which overlies the GCT and may occasionally mimic squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, histological differentiation is important because these tumours are normally managed conservatively. The origin of this tumour is a matter of debate, but most authors believe it to be neural in origin. The rarity of this tumour in the male population prompted reporting this case in the literature.

An unusual laryngeal lesion in children: granular cell tumor

Granular cell tumor, a relative rare neoplasm, is of particular interest of the otolaryngologist as some 50% of cases appear in the head and neck region. The youngest reported case of a laryngeal granular cell tumor is presented. Involvement of the larynx is uncommon, but when it occurs it may create diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas.

Contiguous granular cell myoblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the oesophagus

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Laryngeal granular cell tumor in children

Laryngeal granular cell tumor in childhood is rare. This article describes its occurrence in a 14-year-old girl. A review of the literature revealed five other cases. Clinical, endoscopic, histopathologic, and therapeutic considerations are discussed and compared with those in the adult form of granular cell tumor. Although this lesion is rare, awareness of it is necessary to avoid overtreatment.

Granular cell tumor of the bronchus coexisting with a bronchogenic adenocarcinoma: a case report

A case of endobronchial granular cell tumor and an adenocarcinoma in the same lobe of the lung are presented. A review of the literature documents 2 cases where there was coexistence of a bronchogenic carcinoma and a granular cell tumor. The different theories regarding the origin of granular cell tumors are considered. The treatment of choice would be that indicated for the carcinoma irrespective of the granular cell tumor.

Coexisting granular cell myoblastoma and squamous carcinoma of the bronchus

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Granular cell tumors of the larynx

Granular cell tumors of the larynx are relatively uncommon, always benign, and most commonly located in the posterior portion of the larynx. They are easily identified and should be differentiated from other lesions. A possible problem in the differential diagnosis is the presence of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, which overlies the granular cell tumor and which may mimic squamous cell carcinoma. Careful histopathologic differentiation is important because the laryngeal granular cell lesion should be managed conservatively, with transoral local excision usually being adequate. The histogenesis of these lesions remains in doubt, with a neural or epithelial derivation being the most likely possibility.

Granular cell myoblastomas

Granular cell myoblastoma is an uncommon benign tumor. The diagnosis is rarely suspected preoperatively, and the clinician is frequently baffled or frightened by an unfamiliar diagnosis. Twenty-eight patients with the diagnosis of granular cell myoblastoma presented for treatment at Richmond Eye and Ear Hospital and the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals between January 1, 1952, and December 31, 1974. The authors believe that this is one of the largest series of cases reported in the world literature. The tumor presents most often in the fourth decade of life and about equally in the sexes. Of interest is the nearly 5:1 predominance in the Negro race compared to the Caucasian race.

Benign granular cell tumors of the larynx: a review of 36 cases with clinicopathologic data

The clinical, microscopic, and gross features of 36 cases of benign granular cell tumor arising in the larynx are reviewed and studied. This infrequent lesion, when in the larynx, is found most commonly on the true vocal cord in adults in their third, fourth, and fifth decades; there is no obvious sex predilection. Slowly increasing hoarseness was the primary complaint in our cases. Clinically, the tumors are considered benign. The most common clinical impression was a vocal cord papilloma. The microscopic pattern of the granular cell tumors is uniform and bland, but there may be a marked pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the over-lying squamous epithelium, often stimulating squamous cell carcinoma. Follow-up information is discussed as is the origin and histogenesis of this lesion.

Granular cell myoblastoma of the esophagus. Incidence and surgical treatment

Granular cell myoblastoma (Abrikossoff's tumor), although certainly a rare, almost always benign lesion, is being encountered with increasing frequency in areas of particular interest to the otolaryngologist or surgeon in the upper aerodigestive tract. Although such lesions have been found frequently in the oral cavity and larynx, only one case has been reported of such a lesion originating in the esophagus. The detailed clinical and pathologic findings of three additional patients with esophageal lesions are described. Conservative surgical removal of granular cell myoblastoma may be preferable to endoscopic dilatation.