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Fu J, Lai X, Huang Y, Bao T, Yang J, Chen S, Chen X, Shang H. Meta-analysis and systematic review of peripheral platelet-associated biomarkers to explore the pathophysiology of alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 36774494 PMCID: PMC9921402 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platelets are the primary peripheral reserve of amyloid precursor protein (APP), providing more than 90% of blood amyloid-beta (Aβ). Some oxidative stress markers and neurotransmitter markers were also differentially expressed in the peripheral platelets of AD. Therefore, the present study explored the differences in platelet-associated biomarkers between AD and healthy controls using meta-analysis and systematic review to reveal the value of platelet in the pathogenesis and development of AD. METHODS We searched all the related studies that probed into the platelets in AD based on PubMed, Embase, and web of science databases from the establishment to November 04, 2021. RESULTS Eighty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, and the platelets data of 702 AD and 710 controls were analyzed. The results of standardized mean difference (SMD) showed that platelets in AD had lower levels of APP ratio (SMD: -1.89; p < 0.05), ADAM10 (SMD: -1.16; p < 0.05), Na + -K + -ATPase (SMD: -7.23; p < 0.05), but higher levels of HMW/LMW tau (SMD: 0.92; p < 0.05), adenosine A2 receptor (SMD: 4.27; p < 0.05), MAO-B (SMD: 1.73; p < 0.05), NO (SMD: 4.25; p < 0.05) and ONOO- (SMD: 7.33; p < 0.05). In the systematic review, some other platelet markers seem to be meaningful in AD patients. CONCLUSION The results of the present meta-analysis and systematic review demonstrated that the alterations of APP metabolic enzymes, oxidative stress markers, and neurotransmitter factors in platelets were similar to their changes in the central nervous system of AD, suggesting that platelet could be a good source of peripheral biomarkers and may play an important role in the pathophysiological development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Fu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaohui Lai
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yan Huang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ting Bao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Jing Yang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Sihui Chen
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huifang Shang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Swiderek M, Kozubski W, Watala C. Abnormalities in platelet membrane structure and function in Alzheimer's disease and ischaemic stroke. Platelets 2010; 8:125-33. [DOI: 10.1080/09537109709169327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zubenko GS, Hughes HB, Zubenko WN. D10S1423 identifies a susceptibility locus for Alzheimer's disease (AD7) in a prospective, longitudinal, double-blind study of asymptomatic individuals: results at 14 years. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:359-364. [PMID: 19591129 PMCID: PMC2909838 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Typical forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) appear to be influenced by multiple susceptibility loci. This report describes the prospective, longitudinal, double-blind assessment of the age-specific risk of AD encountered by 325 asymptomatic first-degree relatives of AD probands who carried the D10S1423 (AD7) 234 bp allele, the APOE E4 allele, or both, after 14 years of systematic follow-up. A total of 30 incident cases of AD were detected during the first 3752 subject-years of surveillance. The effects of carrying either or both of the D10S1423 234 bp and APOE E4 alleles on the age-specific risk of developing AD were determined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The risk of developing AD was the greatest for individuals who carried both alleles (Mantel-Cox statistic = 16.46, df = 3, P = 0.0009; Breslow statistic = 13.38, df = 3, P = 0.004). Cox proportional hazards models were developed to estimate the risk ratios for each genotype, controlling for the potential effects of age at recruitment, sex, and years of education. Only individuals who carried both risk alleles exhibited a risk ratio that differed significantly from 1 (risk ratio = 7.5, P = 0.002, 95% CI = 2.1-27.0). Neither age at recruitment, sex, nor years of education made significant contributions to the model, although women tended to be at greater risk (P = 0.06). Recent evidence that D10S1423 resides within open reading frame C10orf112, whose predicted product resembles a low-density lipoprotein receptor, suggests a molecular mechanism for this gene-gene interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. Zubenko
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Department of Biological Sciences, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Hugh B. Hughes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Wendy N. Zubenko
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Shih RA, Belmonte PL, Zandi PP. A review of the evidence from family, twin and adoption studies for a genetic contribution to adult psychiatric disorders. Int Rev Psychiatry 2004; 16:260-83. [PMID: 16194760 DOI: 10.1080/09540260400014401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Family, twin and adoption studies have provided major evidence for the role of genetics in numerous psychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. As the search for patterns of inheritance and candidate genes of these complex disorders continues, we review relevant findings from quantitative genetic studies and outline the main challenges for the field of psychiatric genetics to focus on in order to more definitively establish the underpinnings of genetic and environmental influences of adult psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina A Shih
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Zubenko GS, Hughes HB, Stiffler JS. Clinical and neurobiological correlates of DXS1047 genotype in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 46:173-81. [PMID: 10418691 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the current study was to explore the clinical, neuropathological, and neurochemical correlates of the DXS1047 202 bp allele in a group of 50 autopsy-confirmed cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) who lacked other concomitant brain diseases. We previously published the results of a genome survey for novel risk loci for typical-onset (> or = 60 years) AD conducted at 10 cM resolution (Zubenko et al 1998a, b). This survey detected associations of alleles at six microsatellite loci with AD, including the 202 bp allele of the DXS1047 locus that resides within Xq25 on the human cytogenetic map. METHODS Clinical assessments were performed as part of a longitudinal study of AD and related disorders. Autopsies were performed using standardized methods and the resulting diagnoses were made according to established criteria. Genotyping, morphometry, and neurochemical analyses were performed using postmortem brain tissue. RESULTS Patients with AD who carried the DXS1047 202 bp allele manifested cortical norepinephrine levels that ranged from 2.1 to 3.6 times the corresponding values for noncarriers (p = .002), controlling for the potential effects of gender, age at symptomatic onset or death, and postmortem interval. In contrast, carriers tended to have lower cortical levels of dopamine (p = .10). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the results of our previous genome survey and suggest that the DXS1047 locus, or a locus in close proximity, modulates biological variables relevant to the pathophysiology of AD. In addition to providing insights into the clinical biology of AD, the characterization of biologically meaningful subtypes, including genotypic subtypes associated with particular neurobiological derangements, may be important to the advancement of experimental therapeutics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Zubenko
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zubenko GS, Stiffler JS, Hughes HB, Martinez AJ. Reductions in brain phosphatidylinositol kinase activities in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45:731-6. [PMID: 10188002 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging lines of evidence suggest that alterations in the intracellular trafficking of the amyloid precursor protein, its derivatives, and other relevant proteins may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinase plays a pivotal role in the sorting and transport of newly synthesized proteins to their final destinations, we explored the hypothesis that AD is associated with alterations in the specific activities of these enzymes in postmortem brain tissue. METHODS The specific activities of soluble and particulate pools of PI 3-kinase and PI 4-kinase from the frontal cortex were compared between 11 cases with histopathologically confirmed AD and 11 nondemented controls matched for sex, race, age at death, and postmortem interval. Potential associations of these activities with sociodemographic and clinical features were also explored. RESULTS AD was associated with 43-59% reductions in the specific activities of the soluble forms of both lipid kinases; but no significant change in the specific activities of the particulate species. Associations of these specific activities with sex, age at onset or death, duration of illness, postmortem interval, or densities of morphologic lesions in the frontal cortex were not observed among the 11 AD cases. CONCLUSIONS In addition to regulating protein sorting and trafficking, PI kinases participate in a wide range of cellular processes including protection from apoptosis, differentiation and cell growth, regulation of the cytoskeleton, and glucose metabolism. The results of this study suggest that one or more of these alterations in AD may result from a common abnormality in PI kinase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Zubenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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Campion D, Martinez M, Hannequin D, Brice A, Thomas-Anterion C, Michon A, Babron MC, Dubois B, Goas Y, Jaillard-Serradt A. Characteristics of familial aggregation in early-onset Alzheimer's disease: evidence of subgroups. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 60:221-7. [PMID: 7573175 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320600310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Characteristics of familial aggregation of Alzheimer's Disease were studied in 92 families ascertained through a clinically diagnosed proband with an onset below age 60 years. In each family data were systematically collected on the sibships of the proband, of his father, and of his mother. A total of 926 relatives were included and 81% of the living relatives (i.e., 251 individuals) were directly examined. The estimated cumulative risk among first degree relatives was equal to 35% by age 89 years (95% confidence interval 22 to 47%). This result does not support the hypothesis that an autosomal dominant gene, fully penetrant by age 90 years, is segregating within all these pedigrees. Despite the fact that all probands were selected for an onset before age 60 years it was shown that two types of families could be delineated with respect to age at onset among affected relatives: all secondary cases with an onset below age 60 years were contributed by a particular group of families (type 1 families), whereas all secondary cases with an onset after age 60 years were contributed by another group of families (type 2 families). Although genetic interpretation of these findings is not straightforward, they support the hypothesis of etiologic heterogeneity in the determination of early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Campion
- Unité de Recherche d'Epidémiologie Génétique (INSERM U 155) Paris, France
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Zubenko GS, Stiffler S, Stabler S, Kopp U, Hughes HB, Cohen BM, Moossy J. Association of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele with clinical subtypes of autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1994; 54:199-205. [PMID: 7810577 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320540306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Consistent with previous reports, we observed a significant association of the APOE epsilon 4 allele with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in a series of 91 autopsy-confirmed cases. The epsilon 4 allele frequency was higher in cases with a family history of AD-like dementia (0.54 +/- 0.07), although the epsilon 4 allele frequency in the AD cases with a negative family history (0.38 +/- 0.05) remained significantly greater than that for the non-AD control group (0.13 +/- 0.03). A similar increase in epsilon 4 allele frequency (0.54 +/- 0.07) was observed in the AD cases with amyloid angiopathy, compared to those who did not have amyloid angiopathy (0.36 +/- 0.04). Contrary to previous reports, no effect of the dosage of the epsilon 4 allele was found on the age of onset of dementia among the AD cases and, contrary to reports suggesting an association of epsilon 4 and atherosclerosis, the epsilon 4 allele frequency was similar in cases with or without concurrent brain infarcts. Modest but consistent correlations were observed between the dosage of epsilon 4 alleles and the cortical density of senile plaques, but not neurofibrillary tangles. The last finding suggests that the pathogenic events mediated by the epsilon 4 allele may be more directly involved in the formation of senile plaques, the identifying lesions in AD, than neurofibrillary tangles. A robust association of both the presence of an epsilon 4 allele and a family history of AD-like dementia with concurrent amyloid angiopathy occurred within our sample of AD cases. This association arose from an interaction of the epsilon 4 allele with a separate familial factor for which a family history of dementia served as a surrogate. These results suggest that amyloid angiopathy may be a common or central feature of a form of familial AD that is associated with the transmission of the APOE epsilon 4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Zubenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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10
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Kálmán J, Dey I, Ilona SV, Matkovics B, Brown D, Janka Z, Farkas T, Joó F. Platelet membrane fluidity and plasma malondialdehyde levels in Alzheimer's demented patients with and without family history of dementia. Biol Psychiatry 1994; 35:190-4. [PMID: 8173019 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)91151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Platelet membrane fluidity (PMF) was measured with three different fluorescent probes, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH), 3-(p-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienyl)phenyl-propionic acid (DPH-PA), which labeled different parts of the bilayer (the hydrophobic core and the positively and negatively charged regions, respectively) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with and without a family history of dementia, and in a control group. In support of earlier findings in the literature, significantly increased PMF was found by the application of DPH in both groups with AD. The use of the fluorescence probe TMA-DPH, however, revealed no differences between the groups. In contrast, significant rigidification was observed with DPH-PA, but only in the AD group with a positive family history of dementia. The plasma malondialdehyde levels appeared to be similar in each group. Our findings are discussed in light of the controversies regarding the value of PMF measurements in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kálmán
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Peripheral Markers in Alzheimer’s Disease. DEMENTIA 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6805-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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13
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Duguid JR, Trzepacz C, Kemper T, Tourtellote WW, Volicer L. Heterogeneity of brain gene expression in Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 679:178-87. [PMID: 7685570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the expression of several genes whose transcripts have increased levels in Alzheimer's disease and have found heterogeneity in these levels in different patients with this condition. The level of expression of these genes was compared to different clinical and pathological aspects of the disease. A case with markedly elevated alpha 1-antichymotrypsin mRNA levels demonstrated prominent neuronal accumulation of this protein. Many of the neurons which demonstrated alpha 1-antichymotrypsin staining did not have neurofibrillary tangles, and vice versa. This suggests that alpha 1-antichymotrypsin staining might identify a different facet of the pathology of Alzheimer's disease than does neurofibrillary tangle staining and may provide new information in the study of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Duguid
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202
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Schlossmacher MG, Ostaszewski BL, Hecker LI, Celi A, Haass C, Chin D, Lieberburg I, Furie BC, Furie B, Selkoe DJ. Detection of distinct isoform patterns of the beta-amyloid precursor protein in human platelets and lymphocytes. Neurobiol Aging 1992; 13:421-34. [PMID: 1625772 DOI: 10.1016/0197-4580(92)90117-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral deposition of the amyloid beta-protein (A beta P), approximately 40 residue fragment of the integral membrane protein, beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP), has been implicated as the probable cause of some cases of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). The parallels between A beta P deposition in AD and the deposition of certain plasma proteins in systemic amyloid diseases has heightened interest in the analysis of beta APP in circulating cells and plasma. Here, we describe distinct isoform patterns of beta APP in peripheral platelets and lymphocytes. PCR-mediated amplification of mRNA from purified platelets demonstrated the expression of all three major beta APP transcripts (beta APP770,751,695). The full-length, approximately 140 kDa form of beta APP751,770 was detected in membranes of resting and activated platelets but very little immature, approximately 122 kDa beta APP751,770 was found, suggesting a different processing of beta APP in platelets than that described in a variety of cultured cells and tissues. Platelets stimulated with thrombin, calcium ionophore, or collagen released the soluble, carboxyl-truncated form of beta APP (protease nexin-II), but no evidence for the shedding of full-length beta APP associated with platelet microparticles was found, in contrast to previous reports. As a positive control marker for microparticles, the fibrinogen receptor subunit, GPIIIa, was readily detected in platelet releasates. Resting and activated platelets contained similar amounts of the approximately 10 kDa carboxyl terminal beta APP fragment that is retained in platelet membranes following the constitutive cleavage of protease nexin-II. Nonstimulated peripheral B and T lymphocytes contained small amounts of membrane-associated mature and immature beta APP751,770. The potentially amyloidogenic full-length beta APP molecules present in circulating platelets and lymphocytes but not in microparticles could serve as a source of the microvascular A beta P deposited during aging and particularly in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Schlossmacher
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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Piletz JE, Sarasua M, Whitehouse P, Chotani M. Intracellular membranes are more fluid in platelets of Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurobiol Aging 1991; 12:401-6. [PMID: 1770973 DOI: 10.1016/0197-4580(91)90064-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied 12 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease versus age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Platelets were subfractionated into intracellular membranes and plasma membranes, and steady-state anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene was measured on the preparations as an index of membrane fluidity. Fluidity was higher in intracellular membranes from platelets of Alzheimer's patients compared to controls (P = 0.016). However, no difference was observed in purified plasma membrane's fluidity from the same patients versus controls. Neither the platelet counts, platelet volumes, percent of larger platelets, nor the amount of internal membrane protein per platelet were different between groups. There was no correlation between intracellular membrane anisotropy and severity of dementia as measured on the Mini-Mental State Exam. The results extend previous studies suggesting that there is an intracellular membrane alteration in platelets in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Piletz
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109
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Zubenko GS, Brenner RP, Teply I. Risk factors for stroke as predictors of platelet membrane fluidity in Alzheimer's disease. Stroke 1991; 22:997-1003. [PMID: 1866768 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.22.8.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that increased platelet membrane fluidity identifies a subgroup of patients with Alzheimer's disease who have distinct clinical features including an earlier age of symptomatic onset, a more rapidly progressive cognitive decline, and a decreased prevalence of focal electroencephalographic findings. In the current study, these patients also exhibited a decreased prevalence of risk factors for stroke compared with patients who had normal platelet membrane fluidity. Our findings suggest that the platelet membrane abnormality describes a clinical subgroup of patients with Alzheimer's disease who are less likely to have coexisting cerebrovascular disease than the remaining patients who meet clinical consensus criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Zubenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine 15213
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Kanof PD, Mohs RC, Gross J, Davidson M, Bierer LM, Davis KL. Platelet phospholipid synthesis in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1991; 12:65-9. [PMID: 2002885 DOI: 10.1016/0197-4580(91)90041-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The rates of incorporation of [3H]choline and [3H]ethanolamine into membrane phospholipids of platelets from 22 drug-free Alzheimer's disease patients and 18 normal elderly controls were compared. No significant differences between groups were found. If alterations in lipid metabolism are involved in the pathophysiological processes underlying Alzheimer's disease, such alterations are not manifest in measures of radiolabeled base incorporation into platelet phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Kanof
- Psychiatry Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468
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Chen P, Kidson C, Lavin M. Heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease: evidence from cellular radiosensitivity and complementation of this phenotype. Mutat Res 1991; 256:21-7. [PMID: 1944384 DOI: 10.1016/0921-8734(91)90029-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Radiosensitivity was studied in a series of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and normal controls by examining clonogenic survival and radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in lymphoblastoid cell lines. D0 values based on colony survival for AD and normals following exposure to gamma-rays were 0.86 +/- 0.04 and 1.14 +/- 0.03 Gy respectively. However, 2 of the AD cell lines had D0 values in the normal range. This increased radiosensitivity in AD cells was confirmed by an increased number of gamma-ray-induced chromosome aberrations in these cells. Cell fusion was employed to investigate the presence of different complementation groups for the radiosensitive phenotype in AD using frequency of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations as a means of distinguishing different groups. Four complementation groups were found among 5 AD cell lines. These findings provide additional experimental evidence in support of heterogeneity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chen
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
An early-onset, familial form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported to be linked to a locus on the long arm of chromosome 21 (21q21). Furthermore, duplications in the vicinity of this locus involving the beta-amyloid gene and the proto-oncogene ets-2 have been reported in association with AD. The structural gene for Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase, SOD-1, is located between the beta-amyloid gene and ets-2. For this reason and because SOD-1 is a plausible candidate for a gene that might influence the fluidity of cellular membranes, we determined whether or not the subtype of AD with increased platelet membrane fluidity was associated with an increase in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Zubenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Zubenko GS. Endoplasmic reticulum abnormality in Alzheimer's disease: selective alteration in platelet NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1989; 2:3-10. [PMID: 2742732 DOI: 10.1177/089198878900200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests that the increase in platelet membrane fluidity associated with a subgroup of patients with Alzheimer's disease results from the accumulation of internal membrane. The specific activities of enzyme markers for selective cell membrane compartments were compared in platelets from subgroups of demented patients with normal or increased fluidity as well as from normal control subjects. A statistically significant change in enzyme activity was observed only for antimycin A-insensitive NADH-cytochrome reductase, a selective marker for smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in platelets. This reduction was limited to the subgroup of demented patients who had increased platelet membrane fluidity, and therefore is not a nonspecific concomitant of neurodegeneration, medication exposure, or chronic illness in general. Since the platelet membrane alteration associated with Alzheimer's disease results from the inheritance of a single major locus, these results suggest that a defect in SER function may exist in brain cells as well as peripheral cells that express this genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Zubenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Geriatric Health Services, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213
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Breitner JC, Magruder-Habib KM. Criteria for onset critically influence the estimation of familial risk in Alzheimer's disease. Genet Epidemiol 1989; 6:663-9. [PMID: 2691325 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.1370060603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rare early-onset variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD) appears to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant genetic trait. More typical late-onset AD also shows familial aggregation, but possible genetic mechanisms are difficult to examine because the phenotypic expression of the putative AD genotype is often censored by prior death from competing causes. Lifetable methods have been used to examine the age-specific risk of dementia among relatives, and thus to test the hypothesis of genetic transmission of late-onset AD. These methods require the ascertainment of affected relatives and the determination of their age at onset. The latter determination is somewhat arbitrary, since symptoms of AD evolve and develop in a continuous and progressive fashion, and different workers may thus use differing criteria for "onset." This paper demonstrates that the use of divergent thresholds for "caseness" (typically, progressive dementia of several years' duration) and onset (e.g., the first appearance of mild cognitive symptoms, or the first clear evidence of dementia) can introduce substantial bias toward underestimation of risk among relatives. Depending on the definition of onset, familial risk may be underestimated, with apparent cumulative incidence decreased to only 60% of values otherwise expected. We suggest that this problem can be avoided by the use of identical threshold criteria for caseness and for onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Breitner
- Center for Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Sadovnick AD, Irwin ME, Baird PA, Beattie BL. Genetic studies on an Alzheimer clinic population. Genet Epidemiol 1989; 6:633-43. [PMID: 2591733 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.1370060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
All patients attending the Clinic for Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders have detailed family histories taken by a geneticist. To date, genetic histories are available for 446 consecutive, unrelated individuals. Of these, 151 (33.9%) are diagnosed as having "probable" (N = 141) or "autopsy-confirmed" (N = 10) Alzheimer disease according to recognized criteria. This data base represents a relatively unselected population with respect to more than one person in the family having dementia. Seventy-one of these 151 index cases (47.0%) have a positive family history of dementia, of which 8 (5.3%) may represent the familial (autosomal dominant) form of Alzheimer disease (FAD). Age-corrected empiric recurrence risks for Alzheimer disease/dementia were calculated for first-degree relatives of these 151 index cases using the Kaplan-Meier lifetable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Sadovnick
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Zubenko GS, Howland R. Markedly increased platelet membrane fluidity in Down syndrome with a (14q, 21q) translocation. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1988; 1:218-9. [PMID: 2978118 DOI: 10.1177/089198878800100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal platelet membrane fluidity was found in a 50-year-old woman with Down syndrome who had been experiencing a gradual mental decline. The patient's karyotype showed a triplication of the long arm of chromosome 21. The authors hypothesize that the PMF-locus, which carries the allele for increased membrane fluidity, is located on the long arm of chromosome 21. Similarities between Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease and the possible relationship between membrane fluidity and cognitive function are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Zubenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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