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Hong Y, Zhou J, Yu W, Iloputaife I, Bao D, Zhou Y, Manor B, Lipsitz LA, Jor'dan AJ. The Physiologic Complexity of Prefrontal Oxygenation Dynamics Is Associated With Age and Executive Function: An Exploratory Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae151. [PMID: 38853485 PMCID: PMC11372708 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemodynamics of prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation are regulated by numerous processes operating over multiple temporal scales, producing complex patterns in its output fluctuations. Age may alter this multiscale regulation of PFC oxygenation, leading to diminished physiologic complexity of this important regulatory process. We aimed to characterize the effects of age on such complexity and its relationship to performance of an executive n-back task. METHODS Twenty-four younger (aged 28 ± 3 years) and 27 older (aged 78 ± 6 years) adults completed this study. Continuous oxygenation (HbO2) and deoxygenation (HHb) signals of PFC were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) while participants stood and watched a blank screen (blank), clicked a mouse when an X appeared (IdX), or when a letter was repeated from "2-back" in a sequence shown on a screen (2-back). We used multiscale entropy to quantify the HbO2 and HHb complexity of fNIRS signals. RESULTS Older adults exhibited lower HbO2 and HHb complexity compared to younger adults, regardless of task (p = .0005-.002). Both groups exhibited greater complexity during the IdX and 2-back than blank task (p = .02-.04). Across all participants, those with greater HbO2 and/or HHb complexity during the blank task exhibited faster IdX and 2-back reaction time (β = -0.56 to -0.6, p = .009-.02). Those demonstrating greater increase in HbO2 and/or HHb complexity from IdX to 2-back task had lower percent increase in reaction time from IdX to 2-back task (β = -0.41 to -0.37, p = .005-.01). CONCLUSIONS The complexity of fNIRS-measured PFC oxygenation fluctuations may capture the influence of aging on the regulation of prefrontal hemodynamics involved in executive-function-based task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Hong
- School of Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wanting Yu
- Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ikechukwu Iloputaife
- Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Zhou
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Brad Manor
- Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lewis A Lipsitz
- Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Azizah J Jor'dan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rudisch J, Fröhlich S, Kutz DF, Voelcker-Rehage C. Force Fluctuations During Role-Differentiated Bimanual Movements Reflect Cognitive Impairments in Older Adults: A Cohort Sequential Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae137. [PMID: 38912976 PMCID: PMC11372707 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During role-differentiated bimanual movements (RDBM), an object is typically stabilized with 1 hand and manipulated with the other. RDBM require coupling both hands for coordinated action (achieved through interhemispheric connections), but also inhibition of crosstalk to avoid involuntary movements in the stabilizing hand. We investigated how healthy cognitive aging and mild cognitive impairments (MCI) affect force stabilization during an RDBM in a cohort sequential study design with up to 4 measurement points over 32 months. In total, 132 older adults (>80 years) participated in this study, 77 were cognitively healthy individuals (CHI) and 55 presented with MCI. Participants performed a visuomotor bimanual force-tracking task. They either produced a constant force with both hands (bimanual constant) or a constant force with 1 and an alternating force with the other hand (role-differentiated). We investigated force fluctuations of constant force production using the coefficient of variation (CV), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and sample entropy (SEn). Results showed higher CV and less complex variability structure (higher DFA and lower SEn) during the role-differentiated compared to the bimanual constant task. Furthermore, CHI displayed a more complex variability structure during the bimanual constant, but a less complex structure during the role-differentiated task than MCI. Interestingly, this complexity reduction was more pronounced in CHI than MCI individuals, suggesting different changes in the control mechanisms. Although understanding these changes requires further research, potential causes might be structural deteriorations leading to less efficient (intra- and interhemispheric) networks because of MCI, or an inability to appropriately divert the focus of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rudisch
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Fröhlich
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dieter F Kutz
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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3
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Di Ponzio M, Battaglini L, Bertamini M, Contemori G. Behavioural stochastic resonance across the lifespan. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024:10.3758/s13415-024-01220-w. [PMID: 39256251 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Stochastic resonance (SR) is the phenomenon wherein the introduction of a suitable level of noise enhances the detection of subthreshold signals in non linear systems. It manifests across various physical and biological systems, including the human brain. Psychophysical experiments have confirmed the behavioural impact of stochastic resonance on auditory, somatic, and visual perception. Aging renders the brain more susceptible to noise, possibly causing differences in the SR phenomenon between young and elderly individuals. This study investigates the impact of noise on motion detection accuracy throughout the lifespan, with 214 participants ranging in age from 18 to 82. Our objective was to determine the optimal noise level to induce an SR-like response in both young and old populations. Consistent with existing literature, our findings reveal a diminishing advantage with age, indicating that the efficacy of noise addition progressively diminishes. Additionally, as individuals age, peak performance is achieved with lower levels of noise. This study provides the first insight into how SR changes across the lifespan of healthy adults and establishes a foundation for understanding the pathological alterations in perceptual processes associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Ponzio
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Battaglini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Neuro.Vis.U.S. Laboratory, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Centro Di Ateneo Dei Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici (SCUP), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Bertamini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulio Contemori
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Williams GKR, Vicinanza D, Attias M, Armand S. Causal interactions and dynamic stability between limbs while walking with imposed leg constraints. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1367952. [PMID: 39301539 PMCID: PMC11410618 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1367952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the dynamics of the motor control system during walking by examining the complexity, stability, and causal relationships of leg motions. Specifically, the study focuses on gait under both bilateral and unilateral constraints induced by a passive exoskeleton designed to replicate gastrocnemius contractures. Methods Kinematic data was collected as 10 healthy participants walked at a self-selected speed. A new Complexity-Instability Index (CII) of the leg motions was defined as a function of the Correlation Dimension and the Largest Lyapunov Exponent. Causal interactions between the leg motions are explored using Convergent Cross Mapping. Results Normal walking is characterized by a high mutual drive of each leg to the other, where CII is lowest for both legs (complexity of each leg motion is low and stability high). The effect of the bilateral emulated contractures is a reduced drive of each leg to the other and an increased CII for both legs. With unilateral emulated contracture, the mechanically constrained leg strongly drives the unconstrained leg, and CII was significantly higher for the constrained leg compared to normal walking. Conclusion Redundancy in limb motions is used to support causal interactions, reducing complexity and increasing stability in our leg dynamics during walking. The role of redundancy is to allow adaptability above being able to satisfy the overall biomechanical problem; and to allow the system to interact optimally. From an applied perspective, important characteristics of functional movement patterns might be captured by these nonlinear and causal variables, as well as the biomechanical aspects typically studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve K R Williams
- Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Vicinanza
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Attias
- School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Armand
- Kinesiology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Velioglu HA, Yıldız S, Ozdemir-Oktem E, Cankaya S, Lundmark AK, Ozsimsek A, Hanoglu L, Yulug B. Smoking affects global and regional brain entropy in depression patients regardless of depression: Preliminary findings. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:147-152. [PMID: 39018709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the effect of smoking on global and regional brain entropy in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), aiming to elucidate the relationship between smoking habits and brain network complexity in depression. METHODS The study enrolled 24 MDD patients, divided into smokers and non-smokers, from Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University and Istanbul Medipol University. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired and processed. The complexity of neuronal activity was assessed using dispersion entropy, with statistical significance determined by a suite of tests including Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The smoking cohort exhibited higher global brain entropy compared to the non-smoking group (p = 0.033), with significant differences in various brain networks, indicating that smoking may alter global brain activity and network dynamics in individuals with MDD. CONCLUSION The study provides evidence that smoking is associated with increased brain entropy in MDD patients, suggesting that chronic smoking may influence cognitive and emotional networks. This underscores the importance of considering smoking history in the treatment and prognosis of MDD. The findings call for further research to understand the mechanistic links between smoking, brain entropy, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sultan Yıldız
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Program of Neuroscience Ph.D., Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Ozdemir-Oktem
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Seyda Cankaya
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Ozsimsek
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Lütfü Hanoglu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey.
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Quirino J, Santos TRT, Okai-Nóbrega LA, de Araújo PA, Carvalho R, Ocarino JDM, Souza TR, Fonseca ST. Runners with a history of injury have greater lower limb movement regularity than runners without a history of injury. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:1147-1159. [PMID: 34121609 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1929435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the regularity of the lower limb joint kinematics in runners with and without a history of running-related injuries. The second aim was to verify if the movement pattern regularities are different among the lower limb joints. Eighteen asymptomatic recreational runners with and without a history of running-related injury participated in this study. Lower limb kinematics in the sagittal plane were recorded during running on a treadmill at a self-selected speed. The regularities of the time series of hip, knee, and ankle were analysed using sample entropy (SampEn). A mixed analysis of variance was used to investigate differences between groups and among joints. Runners with a history of injury had lower SampEn values than runners without a history of injury. Ankle kinematics SampEn was higher than that of the knee and hip. Knee kinematics had higher values of SampEn than that of the hip. Runners with a history of running-related injury had greater joint kinematic's regularity. This result suggests that, even in asymptomatic runners, previous injuries could influence the movement pattern regularity. Also, the regularity was different among joints. The ankle demonstrated the lowest regularity, reinforcing the different functions that lower limb joints perform during running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Quirino
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Ribeiro Teles Santos
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Liria Akie Okai-Nóbrega
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Priscila Albuquerque de Araújo
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renatha Carvalho
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Melo Ocarino
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thales Rezende Souza
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Teixeira Fonseca
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Dewangan GC, Singhal S, Chandran DS, Khan MA, Dey AB, Chakrawarty A. Short-term heart rate variability: A potential approach to frailty assessment in older adults. Aging Med (Milton) 2024; 7:456-462. [PMID: 39234194 PMCID: PMC11369330 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation using short-term heart rate variability (HRV) and compare it among frailty statuses in older Indian adults. Methods A total of 210 subjects aged 60 years and above were recruited into three groups: frail (n = 70), pre-frail (n = 70), and non-frail (n = 70) from the outpatient department of Geriatric Medicine at a tertiary care hospital in India. Frailty status was assessed using the Rockwood frailty index (FI) criteria. HRV was derived from a 5-min ECG recording of standard limb leads and assessed using time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear analysis of cardiac interval variability. Results The HRV parameters indicative of parasympathetic modulation such as SDNN, SDSD, rMSSD, NN50, pNN50, absolute HF power, and SD1 were significantly lower in frail subjects compared with both pre-frail and non-frail subjects (P < 0.05). Absolute LF power and SD2 were also lower in frail subjects compared with pre-frail and non-frail subjects (P < 0.05). Measures of sympatho-vagal balance (LF/HF and SD1/SD2 ratios) did not show statistical significance. The FI demonstrated negative correlations with all HRV parameters. Conclusions Frail individuals exhibit decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation compared with pre-frail and non-frail individuals, although maintaining a balanced sympatho-vagal state. Furthermore, autonomic modulation declines progressively with increasing frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevesh Chand Dewangan
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
- Department of General MedicineEmployee's State Insurance Corporation HospitalRaipurChhattisgarhIndia
| | - Sunny Singhal
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
- Department of Geriatric MedicineSawai Man Singh Medical CollegeJaipurRajasthanIndia
| | - Dinu S. Chandran
- Department of PhysiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Maroof Ahmad Khan
- Department of BiostatisticsAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Aparajit Ballav Dey
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
- Venu Geriatric InstituteNew DelhiIndia
| | - Avinash Chakrawarty
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
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Mastrandrea CJ, Hedge ET, Hughson RL. The Detrimental Effects of Bedrest: Premature Cardiovascular Aging and Dysfunction. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:1468-1482. [PMID: 38759726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bedrest as an experimental paradigm or as an in-patient stay for medical reasons has negative consequences for cardiovascular health. The effects of severe inactivity parallel many of the changes experienced with natural aging but over a much shorter duration. Cardiac function is reduced, arteries stiffen, neural reflex responses are impaired, and metabolic and oxidative stress responses impose burden on the heart and vascular systems. The effect of these changes is revealed in studies of integrative function. Aerobic fitness progressively deteriorates with bedrest and tolerance of upright posture is rapidly impaired. In this review we consider the similarities of aging and bedrest-induced cardiovascular deconditioning. We concur with many recent clinical recommendations that early and regular mobility with upright posture will reduce likelihood of hospital-associated disability related to bedrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo J Mastrandrea
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric T Hedge
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard L Hughson
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Hu M, Fan S, Cao S, Du B, Yin S, Zhang L, Tian Y, Wang K, Wei Q. Altered Resting-State Brain Entropy in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Patients with Cognitive Impairment. Brain Connect 2024. [PMID: 39001835 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2024.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a primary vascular disease of cognitive impairment. Previous studies have predominantly focused on brain linear features. However, the nonlinear measure, brain entropy (BEN), has not been elaborated. Thus, this study aims to investigate if BEN abnormalities could manifest in CSVD patients with cognitive impairment. Methods: Thirty-four CSVD patients with cognitive impairment and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Analysis of gray matter approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) which are two indices of BEN was calculated. To explore whether BEN can provide unique information, we further performed brain linear methods, namely, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), to observe their differences. The ratios of BEN/ALFF and BEN/ReHo which represent the coupling of nonlinear and linear features were introduced. Correlation analysis was conducted between imaging indices and cognition. Subsequently, the linear support vector machine (SVM) was used to assess their discriminative ability. Results: CSVD patients exhibited lower ApEn and SamEn values in sensorimotor areas, which were correlated with worse memory and executive function. In addition, the results of BEN showed little overlap with ALFF and ReHo in brain regions. Correlation analysis also revealed a relationship between the two ratios and cognition. SVM analysis using BEN and its ratios as features achieved an accuracy of 74.64% (sensitivity: 86.49%, specificity: 61.76%, and AUC: 0.82439). Conclusion: Our study reveals that the reduction of sensorimotor system complexity is correlated with cognition. BEN exhibits distinctive characteristics in brain activity. Combining BEN and the ratios can be new biomarkers to diagnose CSVD with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Minglu Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Siyu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Baogen Du
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China
- The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China
- The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, China
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10
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Brink KJ, Kim SK, Sommerfeld JH, Amazeen PG, Stergiou N, Likens AD. Pink noise promotes sooner state transitions during bimanual coordination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400687121. [PMID: 39042677 PMCID: PMC11294992 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400687121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The seemingly straightforward task of tying one's shoes requires a sophisticated interplay of joints, muscles, and neural pathways, posing a formidable challenge for researchers studying the intricacies of coordination. A widely accepted framework for measuring coordinated behavior is the Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) model. However, a significant limitation of this model is its lack of accounting for the diverse variability structures inherent in the coordinated systems it frequently models. Variability is a pervasive phenomenon across various biological and physical systems, and it changes in healthy adults, older adults, and pathological populations. Here, we show, both empirically and with simulations, that manipulating the variability in coordinated movements significantly impacts the ability to change coordination patterns-a fundamental feature of the HKB model. Our results demonstrate that synchronized bimanual coordination, mirroring a state of healthy variability, instigates earlier transitions of coordinated movements compared to other variability conditions. This suggests a heightened adaptability when movements possess a healthy variability. We anticipate our study to show the necessity of adapting the HKB model to encompass variability, particularly in predictive applications such as neuroimaging, cognition, skill development, biomechanics, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolby J. Brink
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE68182
| | - Seung Kyeom Kim
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE68182
| | - Joel H. Sommerfeld
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE68182
| | | | - Nikolaos Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE68182
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki57001, Greece
| | - Aaron D. Likens
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE68182
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11
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Bencivenga L, Strumia M, Rolland Y, Guyonnet S, Parini A, Cestac P, Andrieu S, Souto Barreto PD, Rouch L. Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability is associated with intrinsic capacity decline: Results from the MAPT Study. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 125:82-88. [PMID: 38499456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of the body physiological regulatory mechanisms declines in late life, and increased Blood Pressure Variability (BPV) may represent an alteration in cardiovascular homeostatic patterns. Intrinsic Capacity (IC) has been proposed by the World Health Organization as a marker of healthy aging, based on individual's functional abilities and intended at preserving successful aging. We aimed to investigate the association of visit-to-visit BPV with IC decline in a population of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS The study population consisted of 1407 community-dwelling participants aged ≥70 years from the MAPT study evaluated during the 5-year follow-up. Systolic BPV (SBPV) and diastolic BPV (DBPV) were determined through six indicators. Cognition, psychology, locomotion and vitality constituted the four IC domains assessed. Total IC Z-score resulted from the sum of the four domains Z-scores divided by 4. The incidence of domain impairment over time was also assessed. RESULTS Higher SBPV was significantly associated with poorer IC Z-scores in all linear mixed models [1-SD increase of CV%: β(SE)=-0.010(0.001), p < 0.01]. Similar results were observed for DBPV [1-SD increase of CV%: β(SE)=-0.003(0.001), p = 0.02]. Incident IC impairment was significantly higher in participants with greater SBPV, [HR=1.16 (95 % CI, 1.01-1.33), p = 0.03], while greater DBPV did not show a higher risk of incident IC impairment. CONCLUSIONS Greater BPV is associated with IC decline over time. Our findings support BP instability as a presumable index of altered cardiovascular homeostatic mechanism, suggesting that BPV might be a clinical marker of aging and addressable risk factor for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France.
| | - Mathilde Strumia
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Cestac
- Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe De Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Rouch
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
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12
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Sanchez DN, Derks MGM, Verstijnen JA, Menges D, Portielje JEA, Van den Bos F, Bastiaannet E. Frequency of use and characterization of frailty assessments in observational studies on older women with breast cancer: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:563. [PMID: 38937703 PMCID: PMC11212278 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer and frailty frequently co-occur in older women, and frailty status has been shown to predict negative health outcomes. However, the extent to which frailty assessments are utilized in observational research for the older breast cancer population is uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this review was to determine the frequency of use of frailty assessments in studies investigating survival or mortality, and characterize them, concentrating on literature from the past 5 years (2017-2022). METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were systematically queried to identify observational studies (case-control, cohort, cross-sectional) published from 2017-2022 that focus on older females (≥ 65 years) diagnosed with breast cancer, and which evaluate survival or mortality outcomes. Independent reviewers assessed the studies for eligibility using Covidence software. Extracted data included characteristics of each study as well as information on study design, study population, frailty assessments, and related health status assessments. Risk of bias was evaluated using the appropriate JBI tool. Information was cleaned, classified, and tabulated into review level summaries. RESULTS In total, 9823 studies were screened for inclusion. One-hundred and thirty studies were included in the final synthesis. Only 11 (8.5%) of these studies made use of a frailty assessment, of which 4 (3.1%) quantified frailty levels in their study population, at baseline. Characterization of frailty assessments demonstrated that there is a large variation in terms of frailty definitions and resulting patient classification (i.e., fit, pre-frail, frail). In the four studies that quantified frailty, the percentage of individuals classified as pre-frail and frail ranged from 18% to 29% and 0.7% to 21%, respectively. Identified frailty assessments included the Balducci score, the Geriatric 8 tool, the Adapted Searle Deficits Accumulation Frailty index, the Faurot Frailty index, and the Mian Deficits of Accumulation Frailty Index, among others. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was the most used alternative health status assessment, employed in 56.9% of all 130 studies. Surprisingly, 31.5% of all studies did not make use of any health status assessments. CONCLUSION Few observational studies examining mortality or survival outcomes in older women with breast cancer incorporate frailty assessments. Additionally, there is significant variation in definitions of frailty and classification of patients. While comorbidity assessments were more frequently included, the pivotal role of frailty for patient-centered decision-making in clinical practice, especially regarding treatment effectiveness and tolerance, necessitates more deliberate attention. Addressing this oversight more explicitly could enhance our ability to interpret observational research in older cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne N Sanchez
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zürich, Hirschengraben 82, Zurich, CH-8001, Switzerland
| | - Marloes G M Derks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jose A Verstijnen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zürich, Hirschengraben 82, Zurich, CH-8001, Switzerland
| | | | - Frederiek Van den Bos
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Bastiaannet
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zürich, Hirschengraben 82, Zurich, CH-8001, Switzerland.
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13
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Cofré Lizama LE, Panisset MG, Peng L, Tan Y, Kalincik T, Galea MP. Postural behaviour in people with multiple sclerosis: A complexity paradox. Gait Posture 2024; 111:14-21. [PMID: 38608470 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance deficits are a major concern for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Measuring complexity of motor behaviour can offer an insight into MS-related changes in adaptability of the balance control system when dealing with increasingly complex tasks. QUESTION Does postural behaviour complexity differ between pwMS at early stages of the disease and healthy controls (HC)? Does postural behaviour complexity change across increasingly complex tasks? METHODS Forty-eight pwMS and 24 HC performed four increasingly complex postural tasks with eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), on firm (FS) and compliant surface (CS). Lumbar and sternum sensors recorded 3D acceleration, from which complexity index (CI) was calculated using multiscale sample entropy (MSE) in the frontal and sagittal planes. RESULTS We found that only the complexity index in both planes during the eyes closed on compliant surface (EC-CS) task was significantly lower in pwMS compared to HC. We also found that complexity in pwMS was significantly lower during EC-CS compared to the other three tasks when using both lumbar and sternum sensors. SIGNIFICANCE Increasing the complexity of postural tasks reduces the complexity of postural behaviour in pwMS. This paradox may reflect reduced adaptability of the sensorimotor integration processes at early stages of MS. CI can provide a different perspective on balance deficits and could potentially be a more sensitive biomarker of MS progression and an early indicator of balance deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya G Panisset
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Liuhua Peng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tomas Kalincik
- Clinical Outcomes Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mary P Galea
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Royal Park Campus, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Tarkhov AE, Lindstrom-Vautrin T, Zhang S, Ying K, Moqri M, Zhang B, Tyshkovskiy A, Levy O, Gladyshev VN. Nature of epigenetic aging from a single-cell perspective. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:854-870. [PMID: 38724733 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Age-related changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) form the basis of the most robust predictors of age-epigenetic clocks-but a clear mechanistic understanding of exactly which aspects of aging are quantified by these clocks is lacking. Here, to clarify the nature of epigenetic aging, we juxtapose the dynamics of tissue and single-cell DNAm in mice. We compare these changes during early development with those observed during adult aging in mice, and corroborate our analyses with a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis within the same multiomics dataset. We show that epigenetic aging involves co-regulated changes as well as a major stochastic component, and this is consistent with transcriptional patterns. We further support the finding of stochastic epigenetic aging by direct tissue and single-cell DNAm analyses and modeling of aging DNAm trajectories with a stochastic process akin to radiocarbon decay. Finally, we describe a single-cell algorithm for the identification of co-regulated and stochastic CpG clusters showing consistent transcriptomic coordination patterns. Together, our analyses increase our understanding of the basis of epigenetic clocks and highlight potential opportunities for targeting aging and evaluating longevity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei E Tarkhov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Retro Biosciences Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA.
| | - Thomas Lindstrom-Vautrin
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sirui Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kejun Ying
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mahdi Moqri
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Orr Levy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Attreed A, Morand LR, Pond DC, Sturmberg JP. The Clinical Role of Heart Rate Variability Assessment in Cognitively Impaired Patients and Its Applicability in Community Care Settings: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e61703. [PMID: 38975380 PMCID: PMC11226213 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) correlates well with a person's overall physiological function. Clinically, HRV is successfully used in acute care to identify impending infections, but little is known about its potential in the management of chronic diseases like cognitive decline/dementia. The aim of this study was to identify the best available knowledge about HRV in cognitively impaired populations that might be applied to improve clinical practice in community settings. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases published from January 2009 to August 2022. Eligible studies were selected using Covidence and each study underwent qualitative assessment using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. At each stage of selection, each study was reviewed independently by two members of the team, and any disputes were discussed along the way. The literature identified that the brain regions controlling HRV are also those affected by dementias of Alzheimer's type (AD) and Lewy body types (DLB). HRV was impaired in both types, with DLB showing greater impairment in all HRV parameters compared to AD. No studies explored the temporal changes of HRV or its use in the clinical management of people with cognitive impairment (CI). The current lack of standardization of HRV recording and analysis limits its use in clinical practice. HRV may emerge as a potentially useful tool to identify people with early/preclinical memory impairment and help to differentiate AD from DLB. Longitudinal HRV measurement is emerging as a useful way to monitor disease progression and treatment response, and continuous HRV measurement may prove useful in the early identification of sepsis and its complications in patients no longer able to communicate their illness experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Attreed
- General Medicine, Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, AUS
| | - Louisa R Morand
- General Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, AUS
| | - Dimity C Pond
- General Practice, Wicking Dementia Research and Training Centre, Hobart, AUS
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16
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Keshmiri S, Tomonaga S, Mizutani H, Doya K. Respiratory modulation of the heart rate: A potential biomarker of cardiorespiratory function in human. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108335. [PMID: 38564855 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent decade, wearable digital devices have shown potentials for the discovery of novel biomarkers of humans' physiology and behavior. Heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) are most crucial bio-signals in humans' digital phenotyping research. HR is a continuous and non-invasive proxy to autonomic nervous system and ample evidence pinpoints the critical role of respiratory modulation of cardiac function. In the present study, we recorded longitudinal (7 days, 4.63 ± 1.52) HR and RR of 89 freely behaving human subjects (Female: 39, age 57.28 ± 5.67, Male: 50, age 58.48 ± 6.32) and analyzed their dynamics using linear models and information theoretic measures. While HR's linear and nonlinear characteristics were expressed within the plane of the HR-RR directed flow of information (HR→RR - RR→HR), their dynamics were determined by its RR→HR axis. More importantly, RR→HR quantified the effect of alcohol consumption on individuals' cardiorespiratory function independent of their consumed amount of alcohol, thereby signifying the presence of this habit in their daily life activities. The present findings provided evidence for the critical role of the respiratory modulation of HR, which was previously only studied in non-human animals. These results can contribute to humans' phenotyping research by presenting RR→HR as a digital diagnosis/prognosis marker of humans' cardiorespiratory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keshmiri
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Sutashu Tomonaga
- Neural Computation Unit (NCU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Haruo Mizutani
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (SGIC), Suntory, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kenji Doya
- Neural Computation Unit (NCU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
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17
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Fennell CRJ, Mauger AR, Hopker JG. Inter-day reliability of heart rate complexity and variability metrics in healthy highly active younger and older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1409-1424. [PMID: 38054978 PMCID: PMC11055755 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the inter-day reliability of time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear HRV metrics in healthy highly active younger and older adults. The study also assessed the effect of age on the HRV metrics. METHODS Forty-four older adults (34 M, 10F; 59 ± 5 years;V ˙ O 2peak = 40.9 ± 7.6 ml kg-1 min-1) and twenty-two younger adults (16 M, 6F; 22 ± 4 years;V ˙ O 2peak = 47.2 ± 12.8 ml kg-1 min-1) attended the laboratory. Visit one assessed aerobic fitness through an exercise test. In visits two and three, participants completed a 30-min supine RR interval measurement to derive the HRV metrics. RESULTS The younger group (YG) and older group (OG) demonstrated poor to good day-to-day relative and absolute reliability for all HRV metrics (OG, ICCs = 0.33 to 0.69 and between day CVs = 3.8 to 29.2%; YG, ICCs = 0.37 to 0.93 and between day CVs = 3.5 to 36.5%). There was a significant reduction in ApEn (P < 0.001), SampEn (P = 0.031), RMSSD (P < 0.001), SDNN (P < 0.001), LF power (P < 0.001) and HF power (P < 0.001), HRV metrics with ageing. There was no significant effect of age the complexity metrics DFA α1 (P = 0.107), α2 (P = 0.147) and CI-8 (P = 0.493). CONCLUSION HRV metrics are reproducible between days in both healthy highly active younger and older adults. There is a decline in linear and nonlinear HRV metrics with age, albeit there being no age-related change in the nonlinear metrics, DFA α1, α2 and CI-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R J Fennell
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chipperfield Building, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7PE, UK.
| | - Alexis R Mauger
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chipperfield Building, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7PE, UK
| | - James G Hopker
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chipperfield Building, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7PE, UK
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Fuchs TI, Pfab C, Kiselev J, Schaller SJ, Spies C, Rombey T. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of prehabilitation for elderly frail patients prior to elective surgery: a qualitative study with healthcare professionals. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:536. [PMID: 38671446 PMCID: PMC11046874 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prehabilitation aims to enhance functional capacity before surgery, minimise complications and achieve a better postoperative outcome. This can be particularly useful for older, frail patients to better tolerate surgery. The aim of this study was to identify what barriers and facilitators healthcare professionals in Germany experienced in the implementation and delivery of the multimodal prehabilitation programme "PRAEP-GO" for (pre-)frail adults aged 70 years and older to inform the implementation of prehabilitation into standard care. METHODS A nested descriptive qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured face-to-face interviews with healthcare professionals involved in the PRAEP-GO trial from the Berlin and Brandenburg region in Germany. Transcripts were analysed using Kuckartz' qualitative content analysis. Results were interpreted and synthesised using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, a theoretical framework to allow their application to a more general context. RESULTS A total of 14 interviews were conducted. Seven therapists (physio-, ergo-, sports therapy), five physicians and two employees from other professions with mainly administrative and organisational tasks in the project. All identified barriers and facilitating factors could be assigned to the themes of organisation, prehabilitation, cooperation and communication between healthcare professionals and with patients. Much optimisation potential was found regarding organisational aspects, e.g. addressing perceived staff shortages and optimising the patient pathway. Furthermore, it became apparent that communication and cooperation between professionals but also with patients need to be improved. More evidence regarding prehabilitation should be provided to convince professionals more. Prehabilitation should be multimodal and individualised, including the programme duration. Officially introducing prehabilitation into standard care would facilitate its delivery. DISCUSSION These findings underscore the fact that successful implementation of prehabilitation programmes, such as PRAEP-GO, requires sufficient organisational infrastructure, human resources, access to knowledge, an adaptable and individualised programme design as well as good communication among professionals and with patients. The transferability of the findings is limited by the absence of nutritionists and resulting overrepresentation of other therapists in the sample. To further convince professionals and patients of the concept of prehabilitation, more research is needed to build a solid evidence base that will ensure greater awareness and, thus, more motivation and cooperation among professionals and patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (osf.io/ksfgj).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamina Isabel Fuchs
- Berlin School of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Pfab
- Berlin School of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Kiselev
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department for Health Sciences, Hochschule Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefan J Schaller
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str.22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Claudia Spies
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Rombey
- Department of Health Care Management, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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Kang JH, Bae JH, Jeon YJ. Age-Related Characteristics of Resting-State Electroencephalographic Signals and the Corresponding Analytic Approaches: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:418. [PMID: 38790286 PMCID: PMC11118246 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of the effects of aging on neural activity in the human brain has attracted considerable attention in neurophysiological, neuropsychiatric, and neurocognitive research, as it is directly linked to an understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the disruption of the brain structures and functions that lead to age-related pathological disorders. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals recorded during resting-state conditions have been widely used because of the significant advantage of non-invasive signal acquisition with higher temporal resolution. These advantages include the capability of a variety of linear and nonlinear signal analyses and state-of-the-art machine-learning and deep-learning techniques. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) can not only reveal the neural mechanisms underlying aging but also enable the assessment of brain age reliably by means of the age-related characteristics of EEG signals. This paper reviews the literature on the age-related features, available analytic methods, large-scale resting-state EEG databases, interpretations of the resulting findings, and recent advances in age-related AI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Kang
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-H.B.)
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Han Bae
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-H.B.)
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ju Jeon
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-H.B.)
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Mangalam M, Seleznov I, Kolosova E, Popov A, Kelty-Stephen DG, Kiyono K. Postural control in gymnasts: anisotropic fractal scaling reveals proprioceptive reintegration in vestibular perturbation. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 4:1393171. [PMID: 38699200 PMCID: PMC11063314 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1393171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Dexterous postural control subtly complements movement variability with sensory correlations at many scales. The expressive poise of gymnasts exemplifies this lyrical punctuation of release with constraint, from coarse grain to fine scales. Dexterous postural control upon a 2D support surface might collapse the variation of center of pressure (CoP) to a relatively 1D orientation-a direction often oriented towards the focal point of a visual task. Sensory corrections in dexterous postural control might manifest in temporal correlations, specifically as fractional Brownian motions whose differences are more and less correlated with fractional Gaussian noises (fGns) with progressively larger and smaller Hurst exponent H. Traditional empirical work examines this arrangement of lower-dimensional compression of CoP along two orthogonal axes, anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML). Eyes-open and face-forward orientations cultivate greater variability along AP than ML axes, and the orthogonal distribution of spatial variability has so far gone hand in hand with an orthogonal distribution of H, for example, larger in AP and lower in ML. However, perturbing the orientation of task focus might destabilize the postural synergy away from its 1D distribution and homogenize the temporal correlations across the 2D support surface, resulting in narrower angles between the directions of the largest and smallest H. We used oriented fractal scaling component analysis (OFSCA) to investigate whether sensory corrections in postural control might thus become suborthogonal. OFSCA models raw 2D CoP trajectory by decomposing it in all directions along the 2D support surface and fits the directions with the largest and smallest H. We studied a sample of gymnasts in eyes-open and face-forward quiet posture, and results from OFSCA confirm that such posture exhibits the classic orthogonal distribution of temporal correlations. Head-turning resulted in a simultaneous decrease in this angle Δθ, which promptly reversed once gymnasts reoriented their heads forward. However, when vision was absent, there was only a discernible negative trend in Δθ, indicating a shift in the angle's direction but not a statistically significant one. Thus, the narrowing of Δθ may signify an adaptive strategy in postural control. The swift recovery of Δθ upon returning to a forward-facing posture suggests that the temporary reduction is specific to head-turning and does not impose a lasting burden on postural control. Turning the head reduced the angle between these two orientations, facilitating the release of postural degrees of freedom towards a more uniform spread of the CoP across both dimensions of the support surface. The innovative aspect of this work is that it shows how fractality might serve as a control parameter of adaptive mechanisms of dexterous postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Mangalam
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ivan Seleznov
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elena Kolosova
- National University of Ukraine on Physical Education and Sport, Scientific Research Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Popov
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Damian G. Kelty-Stephen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, United States
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Kelty-Stephen DG, Kiyono K, Stergiou N, Mangalam M. Spatial variability and directional shifts in postural control in Parkinson's disease. Clin Park Relat Disord 2024; 10:100249. [PMID: 38803658 PMCID: PMC11129103 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2024.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Parkinson's disease exhibit tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, disrupting normal movement variability and resulting in postural instability. This comprehensive study aimed to investigate the link between the temporal structure of postural sway variability and Parkinsonism by analyzing multiple datasets from young and older adults, including individuals with Parkinson's disease, across various task conditions. We used the Oriented Fractal Scaling Component Analysis (OFSCA), which identifies minimal and maximal long-range correlations within the center of pressure time series, allowing for detecting directional changes in postural sway variability. The objective was to uncover the primary directions along which individuals exerted control during the posture. The results, as anticipated, revealed that healthy adults predominantly exerted control along two orthogonal directions, closely aligned with the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) axes. In stark contrast, older adults and individuals with Parkinson's disease exhibited control along suborthogonal directions that notably diverged from the AP and ML axes. While older adults and those with Parkinson's disease demonstrated a similar reduction in the angle between these two control directions compared to healthy older adults, their reliance on this suborthogonal angle concerning endogenous fractal correlations exhibited significant differences from the healthy aging cohort. Importantly, individuals with Parkinson's disease did not manifest the sensitivity to destabilizing task settings observed in their healthy counterparts, affirming the distinction between Parkinson's disease and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian G. Kelty-Stephen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 570 01, Greece
| | - Madhur Mangalam
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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Villalba MM, Silva NRS, Fujita RA, Fogagnolo C, Gomes MM, Pacheco MM. Muscle Recruitment Strategies in a Redundant Task: Age Differences Through Network Analyses. J Mot Behav 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38565202 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2024.2332767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
There are numerous studies comparing young and old adults in terms of muscle coordination in standard tasks (e.g., walking, reaching) and small variations of them. These tasks might hide differences: individuals would converge to similar behavior as they practice these throughout life. Also, we are unaware of studies that considered the muscle recruitment nested dynamics. For this reason, our study evaluated how young and old women coordinate and control the movement system while performing an unusual redundant motor control task through the network physiology approach. We acquired electromyographic signals from nine leg muscles of the dominant and non-dominant limbs during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (knee extension and flexion) and co-contraction bouts. Our results showed that young participants presented higher peak torque output, with similar EMG variability, compared to older participants. Considering firing rate frequencies, old and young women demonstrated different traits for network clustering and efficiency for the task. Age seems to affect muscle coordination at higher frequencies, even with a similar number of muscle synergies, indicating that younger women might have more integrated synergies than older women. The findings also point to differential muscle coordination adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Villalba
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nilson R S Silva
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Adaptations Laboratory, Boise State University, Boise, USA
| | - Rafael A Fujita
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carol Fogagnolo
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus M Gomes
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus M Pacheco
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Faculty of Sport, LABIOMEP, CIFI2D, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physical Education, GEDEM, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
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Cui Y, Su D, Zhang J, Lam JST, Cao S, Yang Y, Piao Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Pan H, Feng T. Dopaminergic versus anticholinergic treatment effects on physiologic complexity of hand tremor in Parkinson's disease: A randomized crossover study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14516. [PMID: 37905677 PMCID: PMC11017432 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Parkinsonian tremor (PT) is regulated by numerous neurophysiological components across multiple temporospatial scales. The dynamics of tremor fluctuation are thus highly complex. This study aimed to explore the effects of different medications on tremor complexity, and how the underlying factors contribute to such tremor complexity. METHODS In this study, 66 participants received a 2-mg dose of benzhexol or a pre-determined dose of levodopa at two study visits in a randomized order. Before and after taking the medications, tremor fluctuation was recorded using surface electromyography electrodes and accelerometers in resting, posture, and weighting conditions with and without a concurrent cognitive task. Tremor complexity was quantified using multiscale entropy. RESULTS Tremor complexity in resting (p = 0.002) and postural condition (p < 0.0001) was lower when participants were performing a cognitive task compared to a task-free condition. After taking levodopa and benzhexol, participants had increased (p = 0.02-0.03) and decreased (p = 0.03) tremor complexity compared to pre-medication state, respectively. Tremor complexity and its changes as induced by medications were significantly correlated with clinical ratings and their changes (β = -0.23 to -0.39; p = 0.002-0.04), respectively. CONCLUSION Tremor complexity may be a promising marker to capture the pathophysiology underlying the development of PT, aiding the characterization of the effects medications have on PT regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Cui
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Dongning Su
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Junjiao Zhang
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Joyce S. T. Lam
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Shuangshuang Cao
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yaqin Yang
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yingshan Piao
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeRoslindaleMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
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Mattila OP, Rantanen T, Rantakokko M, Karavirta L, Cronin N, Rantalainen T. Laboratory-assessed gait cycle entropy for classifying walking limitations among community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2024; 188:112381. [PMID: 38382681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Among older people, walking difficulty results from actual and perceived declines in physical capacities and environmental requirements for walking. We investigated whether the physiological complexity of the gait cycle covaries with experience of walking difficulty. Walking difficulty, gait speed, and gait cycle complexity were evaluated among 702 community-dwelling older people aged 75, 80, and 85 years who took part in the six-minute walking test in the research laboratory. Walking difficulty for 500 m was self-reported. Complexity was quantified as trunk acceleration multiscale entropy during the gait cycle. Complexity was then compared between those with no reported walking difficulty, walking with modifications but no difficulty, and those reporting walking difficulty. Higher entropy differentiated those reporting no difficulty walking from those reporting walking difficulties, while those reporting having modified their walking, but no difficulty formed an intermediate group that could not be clearly distinguished from the other categories. The higher complexity of the gait cycle is associated with slower gait speed and the presence of self-reported walking difficulty. Among older people, gait cycle complexity which primarily reflects the biomechanical dimensions of gait quality, could be a clinically meaningful measure reflecting specific features of the progression of walking decline. This encourages further investigation of the sensitivity of gait cycle complexity to detect early signs of gait deterioration and to support targeted interventions among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli-Pekka Mattila
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Merja Rantakokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; Wellbeing Services County of Central Finlad, Finland.
| | - Laura Karavirta
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Neil Cronin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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25
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Brígida N, Catela D, Mercê C, Branco M. Predictability and Complexity of Fine and Gross Motor Skills in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Pilot Study. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:90. [PMID: 38668558 PMCID: PMC11053813 DOI: 10.3390/sports12040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine and gross motor tasks are usually used to evaluate behavioral dysfunctions and can be applied to diseases of the central nervous system, such as fibromyalgia (FM). Non-linear measures have allowed for deeper motor control analysis, focusing on the process and on the quality of movement. Therefore, to assess uncertainty, irregularity, and structural richness of a time series, different algorithms of entropy can be computed. The aim of this study was to (i) verify the single-scale and multiscale entropy values in fine and gross motor movements and (ii) to verify whether fine and gross motor tasks are sensitive to characterizing FM patients. METHODS The sample consisted of 20 females (46.2 ± 12.8 years) divided in two groups, an experimental group with 10 FM subjects and a control group with 10 subjects without FM. Inertial sensors were used to collect the finger tapping test (FTT), walking, and sit-and-stand task data. RESULTS Regarding fine motor skills, patients with FM showed a loss of structural richness (complexity), but they had information processing with greater control in the FTT, probably to simplify task execution and for correction of the movement. On the other hand, people without FM seemed to have more automatic control of the movement when performed with the preferred hand and exhibited similar difficulties to the FM group when performed with the non-preferred hand. Gross motor tasks showed similar entropy values for both groups. CONCLUSIONS The results show that FM patients have movement controls primarily at the level of the motor cortex, whereas people without FM perform movement at the medullary level, especially in fine motor tasks, indicating that the FTT is sensitive to the presence of FM, especially when performed with the preferred hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Brígida
- ESDRM Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Santarem Polytechnic University, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.M.); (M.B.)
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Centro de Investigação e Inovação em Desporto Atividade Física e Saúde, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Educação e Treino, Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida (CIEQV), Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Psicologia Aplicada, Unidade de Investigação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
| | - David Catela
- ESDRM Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Santarem Polytechnic University, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.M.); (M.B.)
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Centro de Investigação e Inovação em Desporto Atividade Física e Saúde, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Educação e Treino, Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida (CIEQV), Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Psicologia Aplicada, Unidade de Investigação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Mercê
- ESDRM Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Santarem Polytechnic University, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.M.); (M.B.)
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Centro de Investigação e Inovação em Desporto Atividade Física e Saúde, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Educação e Treino, Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida (CIEQV), Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Psicologia Aplicada, Unidade de Investigação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco Branco
- ESDRM Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Santarem Polytechnic University, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.M.); (M.B.)
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Centro de Investigação e Inovação em Desporto Atividade Física e Saúde, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Educação e Treino, Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida (CIEQV), Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Psicologia Aplicada, Unidade de Investigação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
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Park S, Laskow TC, Chen J, Guha P, Dawn B, Kim D. Microphysiological systems for human aging research. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14070. [PMID: 38180277 PMCID: PMC10928588 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organs-on-a-chip (OoC), enable the recapitulation of more complex organ and tissue functions on a smaller scale in vitro. MPS therefore provide the potential to better understand human diseases and physiology. To date, numerous MPS platforms have been developed for various tissues and organs, including the heart, liver, kidney, blood vessels, muscle, and adipose tissue. However, only a few studies have explored using MPS platforms to unravel the effects of aging on human physiology and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Age is one of the risk factors for many diseases, and enormous interest has been devoted to aging research. As such, a human MPS aging model could provide a more predictive tool to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human aging and age-related diseases. These models can also be used to evaluate preclinical drugs for age-related diseases and translate them into clinical settings. Here, we provide a review on the application of MPS in aging research. First, we offer an overview of the molecular, cellular, and physiological changes with age in several tissues or organs. Next, we discuss previous aging models and the current state of MPS for studying human aging and age-related conditions. Lastly, we address the limitations of current MPS and present future directions on the potential of MPS platforms for human aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Thomas C. Laskow
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Prasun Guha
- Nevada Institute of Personalized MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Deok‐Ho Kim
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center for Microphysiological SystemsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Roediger DJ, Butts J, Falke C, Fiecas MB, Klimes-Dougan B, Mueller BA, Cullen KR. Optimizing the measurement of sample entropy in resting-state fMRI data. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1331365. [PMID: 38426165 PMCID: PMC10902163 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1331365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The complexity of brain signals may hold clues to understand brain-based disorders. Sample entropy, an index that captures the predictability of a signal, is a promising tool to measure signal complexity. However, measurement of sample entropy from fMRI signals has its challenges, and numerous questions regarding preprocessing and parameter selection require research to advance the potential impact of this method. For one example, entropy may be highly sensitive to the effects of motion, yet standard approaches to addressing motion (e.g., scrubbing) may be unsuitable for entropy measurement. For another, the parameters used to calculate entropy need to be defined by the properties of data being analyzed, an issue that has frequently been ignored in fMRI research. The current work sought to rigorously address these issues and to create methods that could be used to advance this field. Methods We developed and tested a novel windowing approach to select and concatenate (ignoring connecting volumes) low-motion windows in fMRI data to reduce the impact of motion on sample entropy estimates. We created utilities (implementing autoregressive models and a grid search function) to facilitate selection of the matching length m parameter and the error tolerance r parameter. We developed an approach to apply these methods at every grayordinate of the brain, creating a whole-brain dense entropy map. These methods and tools have been integrated into a publicly available R package ("powseR"). We demonstrate these methods using data from the ABCD study. After applying the windowing procedure to allow sample entropy calculation on the lowest-motion windows from runs 1 and 2 (combined) and those from runs 3 and 4 (combined), we identified the optimal m and r parameters for these data. To confirm the impact of the windowing procedure, we compared entropy values and their relationship with motion when entropy was calculated using the full set of data vs. those calculated using the windowing procedure. We then assessed reproducibility of sample entropy calculations using the windowed procedure by calculating the intraclass correlation between the earlier and later entropy measurements at every grayordinate. Results When applying these optimized methods to the ABCD data (from the subset of individuals who had enough windows of continuous "usable" volumes), we found that the novel windowing procedure successfully mitigated the large inverse correlation between entropy values and head motion seen when using a standard approach. Furthermore, using the windowed approach, entropy values calculated early in the scan (runs 1 and 2) are largely reproducible when measured later in the scan (runs 3 and 4), although there is some regional variability in reproducibility. Discussion We developed an optimized approach to measuring sample entropy that addresses concerns about motion and that can be applied across datasets through user-identified adaptations that allow the method to be tailored to the dataset at hand. We offer preliminary results regarding reproducibility. We also include recommendations for fMRI data acquisition to optimize sample entropy measurement and considerations for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan J. Roediger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota (UMN), Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jessica Butts
- Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, UMN, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Chloe Falke
- Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, UMN, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mark B. Fiecas
- Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, UMN, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bonnie Klimes-Dougan
- Psychology Department, College of Liberal Arts, UMN, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota (UMN), Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kathryn R. Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota (UMN), Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Maczák B, Gingl Z, Vadai G. General spectral characteristics of human activity and its inherent scale-free fluctuations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2604. [PMID: 38297022 PMCID: PMC10830482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The scale-free nature of daily human activity has been observed in different aspects; however, the description of its spectral characteristics is incomplete. General findings are complicated by the fact that-although actigraphy is commonly used in many research areas-the activity calculation methods are not standardized; therefore, activity signals can be different. The presence of 1/f noise in activity or acceleration signals was mostly analysed for short time windows, and the complete spectral characteristic has only been examined in the case of certain types of them. To explore the general spectral nature of human activity in greater detail, we have performed Power Spectral Density (PSD) based examination and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) on several-day-long, triaxial actigraphic acceleration signals of 42 healthy, free-living individuals. We generated different types of activity signals from these, using different acceleration preprocessing techniques and activity metrics. We revealed that the spectra of different types of activity signals generally follow a universal characteristic including 1/f noise over frequencies above the circadian rhythmicity. Moreover, we discovered that the PSD of the raw acceleration signal has the same characteristic. Our findings prove that the spectral scale-free nature is generally inherent to the motor activity of healthy, free-living humans, and is not limited to any particular activity calculation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Maczák
- Department of Technical Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gingl
- Department of Technical Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Vadai
- Department of Technical Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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Jiang X, Mang X, Zhou H, Chen J, Tan H, Ren H, Huang B, Zhong L, Lipsitz LA, Manor B, Guo Y, Zhou J. The physiologic complexity of beat-to-beat blood pressure is associated with age-related alterations in blood pressure regulation. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13943. [PMID: 37615223 PMCID: PMC10776119 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fluctuations in resting-state beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) are physiologically complex, and the degree of such BP complexity is believed to reflect the multiscale regulation of this critical physiologic process. Hypertension (HTN), one common age-related condition, is associated with altered BP regulation and diminished system responsiveness to perturbations such as orthostatic change. We thus aimed to characterize the impact of HTN on resting-state BP complexity, as well as the relationship between BP complexity and both adaptive capacity and underlying vascular characteristics. We recruited 392 participants (age: 60-91 years), including 144 that were normotensive and 248 with HTN (140 controlled- and 108 uncontrolled-HTN). Participants completed a 10-min continuous finger BP recording during supine rest, then underwent measures of lying-to-standing BP change, arterial stiffness (i.e., brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity), and endothelial function (i.e., flow-mediated vasodilation). The complexity of supine beat-to-beat systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP was quantified using multiscale entropy. Thirty participants with HTN (16 controlled-HTN and 14 uncontrolled-HTN) exhibited orthostatic hypotension. SBP and DBP complexity was greatest in normotensive participants, lower in those with controlled-HTN, and lowest in those in uncontrolled-HTN (p < 0.0005). Lower SBP and DBP complexity correlated with greater lying-to-standing decrease in SBP and DBP level (β = -0.33 to -0.19, p < 0.01), greater arterial stiffness (β = -0.35 to -0.18, p < 0.01), and worse endothelial function (β = 0.17-0.22, p < 0.01), both across all participants and within the control- and uncontrolled-HTN groups. These results suggest that in older adults, BP complexity may capture the integrity of multiple interacting physiologic mechanisms that regulate BP and are important to cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaoying Mang
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Huiting Zhou
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Jingmei Chen
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Huiying Tan
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Huixia Ren
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Baofeng Huang
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Lilian Zhong
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Lewis A. Lipsitz
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of GerontologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Brad Manor
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of GerontologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yi Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
- Department of NeurologyShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of GerontologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Wang G, Yang Y, Dong K, Hua A, Wang J, Liu J. Multisensory Conflict Impairs Cortico-Muscular Network Connectivity and Postural Stability: Insights from Partial Directed Coherence Analysis. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:79-89. [PMID: 37989834 PMCID: PMC10774487 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory conflict impacts postural control, yet its effect on cortico-muscular interaction remains underexplored. We aimed to investigate sensory conflict's influence on the cortico-muscular network and postural stability. We used a rotating platform and virtual reality to present subjects with congruent and incongruent sensory input, recorded EEG (electroencephalogram) and EMG (electromyogram) data, and constructed a directed connectivity network. The results suggest that, compared to sensory congruence, during sensory conflict: (1) connectivity among the sensorimotor, visual, and posterior parietal cortex generally decreases, (2) cortical control over the muscles is weakened, (3) feedback from muscles to the cortex is strengthened, and (4) the range of body sway increases and its complexity decreases. These results underline the intricate effects of sensory conflict on cortico-muscular networks. During the sensory conflict, the brain adaptively decreases the integration of conflicting information. Without this integrated information, cortical control over muscles may be lessened, whereas the muscle feedback may be enhanced in compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, China
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kangli Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anke Hua
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Center for Psychological Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, China.
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Zueva MV, Neroeva NV, Zhuravleva AN, Bogolepova AN, Kotelin VV, Fadeev DV, Tsapenko IV. Fractal Phototherapy in Maximizing Retina and Brain Plasticity. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 36:585-637. [PMID: 38468055 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The neuroplasticity potential is reduced with aging and impairs during neurodegenerative diseases and brain and visual system injuries. This limits the brain's capacity to repair the structure and dynamics of its activity after lesions. Maximization of neuroplasticity is necessary to provide the maximal CNS response to therapeutic intervention and adaptive reorganization of neuronal networks in patients with degenerative pathology and traumatic injury to restore the functional activity of the brain and retina.Considering the fractal geometry and dynamics of the healthy brain and the loss of fractality in neurodegenerative pathology, we suggest that the application of self-similar visual signals with a fractal temporal structure in the stimulation therapy can reactivate the adaptive neuroplasticity and enhance the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation. This proposition was tested in the recent studies. Patients with glaucoma had a statistically significant positive effect of fractal photic therapy on light sensitivity and the perimetric MD index, which shows that methods of fractal stimulation can be a novel nonpharmacological approach to neuroprotective therapy and neurorehabilitation. In healthy rabbits, it was demonstrated that a long-term course of photostimulation with fractal signals does not harm the electroretinogram (ERG) and retina structure. Rabbits with modeled retinal atrophy showed better dynamics of the ERG restoration during daily stimulation therapy for a week in comparison with the controls. Positive changes in the retinal function can indirectly suggest the activation of its adaptive plasticity and the high potential of stimulation therapy with fractal visual stimuli in a nonpharmacological neurorehabilitation, which requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Zueva
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Vision, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Neroeva
- Department of Pathology of the Retina and Optic Nerve, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N Zhuravleva
- Department of Glaucoma, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna N Bogolepova
- Department of neurology, neurosurgery and medical genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Kotelin
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Vision, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V Fadeev
- Scientific Experimental Center Department, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Tsapenko
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Vision, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Muroi D, Kodama K, Tomono T, Saito Y, Koyake A, Higuchi T. Approaching Process in Walking through an Aperture for Individuals with Stroke. J Mot Behav 2023; 56:139-149. [PMID: 38047437 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2280259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Muroi et al. show that individuals with stroke have improved collision avoidance behavior when passing through an aperture while entering from the paretic-side of the body. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We reanalyzed Muroi et al.'s data to reveal how individuals with stroke walk through an aperture by examining changes in walking velocity and behavioral complexity (i.e., sample entropy, an index of (ir)regularity of time series, regarded lower entropy as more regular and less complex) by focusing on the approaching process. The results showed that individuals with stroke reduced their walking velocity and behavioral complexity before passing through the narrow aperture when approaching from the paretic side. We interpreted that the improved obstacle avoidance when penetrating from the paretic side may be due to careful body rotation and adjusting the walking velocity in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Muroi
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kodama
- University Education Center, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tomono
- Faculty of Humanities, Sapporo Gakuin University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaro Saito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kameda Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aki Koyake
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kameda Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- University Education Center, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tang SY, Ma HP, Lin C, Lo MT, Lin LY, Chen TY, Wu CK, Chiang JY, Lee JK, Hung CS, Liu LYD, Chiu YW, Tsai CH, Lin YT, Peng CK, Lin YH. Heart rhythm complexity analysis in patients with inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20861. [PMID: 38012168 PMCID: PMC10681979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rhythm complexity (HRC), a subtype of heart rate variability (HRV), is an important tool to investigate cardiovascular disease. In this study, we aimed to analyze serial changes in HRV and HRC metrics in patients with inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within 1 year postinfarct and explore the association between HRC and postinfarct left ventricular (LV) systolic impairment. We prospectively enrolled 33 inferior STEMI patients and 74 control subjects and analyzed traditional linear HRV and HRC metrics in both groups, including detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and multiscale entropy (MSE). We also analyzed follow-up postinfarct echocardiography for 1 year. The STEMI group had significantly lower standard deviation of RR interval (SDNN), and DFAα2 within 7 days postinfarct (acute stage) comparing to control subjects. LF power was consistently higher in STEMI group during follow up. The MSE scale 5 was higher at acute stage comparing to control subjects and had a trend of decrease during 1-year postinfarct. The MSE area under scale 1-5 showed persistently lower than control subjects and progressively decreased during 1-year postinfarct. To predict long-term postinfarct LV systolic impairment, the slope between MSE scale 1 to 5 (slope 1-5) had the best predictive value. MSE slope 1-5 also increased the predictive ability of the linear HRV metrics in both the net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index models. In conclusion, HRC and LV contractility decreased 1 year postinfarct in inferior STEMI patients, and MSE slope 1-5 was a good predictor of postinfarct LV systolic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Pin Ma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Men-Tzung Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yang Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Daisy Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Biometry Division, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chiu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze university, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Tin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Inderal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Taoyuan General Hospital, 1492 Zhongshan Road, Taoyuan, 33004, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Kang Peng
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Vaz JR, Silva LM, Stergiou N. Stride-to-Stride Fluctuations of Human Gait Are Affected By Chronobiology: An Exploratory Study. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200235. [PMID: 36658787 PMCID: PMC10354220 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Physiological processes present daily oscillations of ≈24 h, called circadian rhythms. Motor performance, for example, reaches its peak in the afternoon, although this can be affected by chronotype. Certain motor activities, for example, walking, can also be affected by circadian rhythms. Healthy walking exhibits stride-to-stride fluctuations with a fractal-like structure that enables adaptability. While pathology and aging are shown to lead to random-like fluctuations; and, therefore, decreased adaptability; the influence of circadian rhythms remains unknown. This study investigates how these fluctuations present in healthy gait are affected by the time of day and chronotype. Eighteen young adults walk for 10 min every 2 h, from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Footswitches are used to determine heel-strike and calculate stride time. Then, detrended fluctuation analysis is used to calculate fractal scaling. A mixed-model Analysis of Variance is used and followed by a backward stepwise elimination process. Tukey's tests are used for pairwise comparisons. The statistical model shows the effect of time during the day (12 p.m. exhibits a higher fractal scaling compared to 8 a.m.); and chronotype (evening-types exhibit higher fractal scaling compared to morning-types). This study reveals the influence of chronobiology on stride-to-stride fluctuations. These findings open new perspectives to integrate circadian medicine in biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R. Vaz
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Monte de Caparica, Almada
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
| | - Luís M. Silva
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
- Libphys – NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Almada, Portugal
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
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Troiano M, Thompson X, Boukhechba M, Hertel J, Resch JE. An Absence of Persistent Postural Stability Deficits Following a Sport Concussion in Collegiate Athletes. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2023; 38:425-433. [PMID: 36951470 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to determine whether persistent postural stability deficits exist in athletes following sport concussion (SC) in comparison with preinjury (baseline) values using Sample Entropy (SampEn). SETTING Sports medicine clinic. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Participants consisted of 71 collegiate athletes (44 male, 27 female) with an average age of 19.9 ± 0.96 years who had a history of 1 concussion that occurred during their time as a collegiate athlete. DESIGN In our prospective, cohort design participants completed the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) at baseline, upon reporting symptom-free following a diagnosed SC, and upon establishing a new baseline prior to the start of the subsequent sport season. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The SOT's condition scores were calculated and analyzed in alignment with the manufacturer's instructions. SampEn was calculated in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions from the center-of-pressure oscillations over the 20-second time series for each SOT condition. The SOT and SampEn outcome scores for each condition were analyzed with repeated-measures analyses of variance. RESULTS Significant main effects were observed for the SOT's conditions 3 ( F1.6, 114.8 = 7.83, P = .001, η2 = 0.10 [0.02-0.20]), 5 ( F1.8, 126.8 = 11.53, P < .001, η2 = 0.14 [0.04-0.25]), and 6 ( F1.9, 134.5 = 25.11, P < .001, η2 = 0.26 [0.14-0.37]), with significant improvements across time. Significant main effects were also observed for SampEn in the AP direction for conditions 3 ( F2, 140 = 7.59, P = .001, η2 = 0.10 [0.02-0.19]) and 6 ( F2, 140 = 6.22, P = .003, η2 = 0.08 [0.011-0.170]), with significant improvements across time. CONCLUSIONS Following a diagnosed SC, our results suggest that collegiate athletes returned if not exceeded baseline values at the symptom-free and new baseline assessments. The application of linear and nonlinear measures of postural stability following a SC yielded similar outcomes in conjunction with a baseline assessment. Our findings support the clinical utility of the baseline SC assessment when evaluating persisting balance deficits when using linear or nonlinear measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Troiano
- Departments of Kinesiology (Ms Troiano, Mr Thompson, and Drs Hertel and Resch) and Engineering Systems and Environment (Dr Boukhechba), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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Altenburger P, Ambike SS, Haddad JM. Integrating Motor Variability Evaluation Into Movement System Assessment. Phys Ther 2023; 103:pzad075. [PMID: 37364059 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Common assessment tools for determining therapeutic success in rehabilitation typically focus on task-based outcomes. Task-based outcomes provide some understanding of the individual's functional ability and motor recovery; however, these clinical outcomes may have limited translation to a patient's functional ability in the real world. Limitations arise because (1) the focus on task-based outcome assessment often disregards the complexity of motor behavior, including motor variability, and (2) mobility in highly variable real-world environments requires movement adaptability that is made possible by motor variability. This Perspective argues that incorporating motor variability measures that reflect movement adaptability into routine clinical assessment would enable therapists to better evaluate progress toward optimal and safe real-world mobility. The challenges and opportunities associated with incorporating variability-based assessment of pathological movements are also discussed. This Perspective also indicates that the field of rehabilitation needs to leverage technology to advance the understanding of motor variability and its impact on an individual's ability to optimize movement. IMPACT This Perspective contends that traditional therapeutic assessments do not adequately evaluate the ability of individuals to adapt their movements to the challenges faced when negotiating the dynamic environments encountered during daily life. Assessment of motor variability derived during movement execution can address this issue and provide better insight into a patient's movement stability and maneuverability in the real world. Creating such a shift in motor system assessment would advance understanding of rehabilitative approaches to motor system recovery and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Altenburger
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Satyajit S Ambike
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Haddad
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Pathak P, Ahn J. Application of vibration to the soles increases long-range correlations in the stride parameters during walking. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20946. [PMID: 37867835 PMCID: PMC10587532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal fluctuations in the stride parameters during human walking exhibit long-range correlations, but these long-range correlations in the stride parameters decrease due to aging or neuromuscular diseases. These observations suggest that any quantified index of the long-range correlation can be regarded as an indicator of gait functionality. Considering the effect of task-relevant sensory feedback on augmenting human motor performance, we devised shoes with active insoles that could deliver noisy vibration to the soles of feet and assessed their efficacy in enhancing the long-range correlations in the stride parameters for healthy young adults. The vibration could be wirelessly controlled using a smartphone. The actuators, control unit, and battery in the devised shoes were light and embedded in the shoes. By virtue of this compactness, the shoes could be easily used for daily walking outside a laboratory. We performed walking experiments with 20 healthy adults and evaluated the effects of sub- and supra-threshold vibration on long-range correlations in stride interval and length. We performed detrended fluctuation analysis to quantify the long-range correlation of temporal changes in stride interval and length. We found that supra-threshold vibration, applied to the soles with the amplitude of 130 % of the sensory threshold, significantly increased the long-range correlations in stride interval and length by 10.3 % (p = 0.009) and 10.1 % (p = 0.021), respectively. On the other hand, sub-threshold vibration with the amplitude of 90 % of the sensory threshold had no significant effect. These results demonstrate that additional somatosensory feedback through barely detectable vibrations, which are supplied by compact shoes with active insoles, can enhance the indices of "healthy" complexity of locomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Pathak
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jooeun Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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38
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Liuzzi P, Hakiki B, Draghi F, Romoli AM, Burali R, Scarpino M, Cecchi F, Grippo A, Mannini A. EEG fractal dimensions predict high-level behavioral responses in minimally conscious patients. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:046038. [PMID: 37494926 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aceaac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Brain-injured patients may enter a state of minimal or inconsistent awareness termed minimally conscious state (MCS). Such patient may (MCS+) or may not (MCS-) exhibit high-level behavioral responses, and the two groups retain two inherently different rehabilitative paths and expected outcomes. We hypothesized that brain complexity may be treated as a proxy of high-level cognition and thus could be used as a neural correlate of consciousness.Approach.In this prospective observational study, 68 MCS patients (MCS-: 30; women: 31) were included (median [IQR] age 69 [20]; time post-onset 83 [28]). At admission to intensive rehabilitation, 30 min resting-state closed-eyes recordings were performed together with consciousness diagnosis following international guidelines. The width of the multifractal singularity spectrum (MSS) was computed for each channel time series and entered nested cross-validated interpretable machine learning models targeting the differential diagnosis of MCS±.Main results.Frontal MSS widths (p< 0.05), as well as the ones deriving from the left centro-temporal network (C3:p= 0.018, T3:p= 0.017; T5:p= 0.003) were found to be significantly higher in the MCS+ cohort. The best performing solution was found to be the K-nearest neighbor model with an aggregated test accuracy of 75.5% (median [IQR] AuROC for 100 executions 0.88 [0.02]). Coherently, the electrodes with highest Shapley values were found to be Fz and Cz, with four out the first five ranked features belonging to the fronto-central network.Significance.MCS+ is a frequent condition associated with a notably better prognosis than the MCS-. High fractality in the left centro-temporal network results coherent with neurological networks involved in the language function, proper of MCS+ patients. Using EEG-based interpretable algorithm to complement differential diagnosis of consciousness may improve rehabilitation pathways and communications with caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Liuzzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Firenze, FI, Italy
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Istituto di BioRobotica, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, PI, Italy
| | - Bahia Hakiki
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Firenze, FI, Italy
| | - Francesca Draghi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Firenze, FI, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Romoli
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Firenze, FI, Italy
| | - Rachele Burali
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Firenze, FI, Italy
| | - Maenia Scarpino
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Firenze, FI, Italy
| | - Francesca Cecchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Firenze, FI, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, 50143 FI, Italy
| | - Antonello Grippo
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Firenze, FI, Italy
| | - Andrea Mannini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Firenze, FI, Italy
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Calderón-Juárez M, González-Gómez GH, Echeverría JC, Lerma C. Revisiting nonlinearity of heart rate variability in healthy aging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13185. [PMID: 37580342 PMCID: PMC10425345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is commonly regarded as a physiological process in which the dynamic complexity of physiological time series and organ systems is gradually lost. This notion is derived from the identification of a decline of nonlinear measures with the advance of aging. However, additional research on cardiovascular control studied through heart rate variability (HRV), i.e., the instantaneous changes in heart rate, shows that despite the constriction of its statistical distribution, the nonlinear organization remains present in advanced age. Here, we used surrogate data testing to investigate the presence of nonlinear information in HRV time series from a publicly available database of 1121 healthy human subjects from 18 to 92 years old. We also studied the influence of basic clinical features, such as sex, body mass index (BMI), and mean heart rate (HR), on such nonlinear information. We found that the percentage of nonlinear time series after 30 years of age diminishes significantly (p < 0.01). Furthermore, larger BMI and HR are associated with the presence of more linear information in HRV, while the female sex is associated with the manifestation of nonlinear information. This work provides a common background for the contextualized interpretation of nonlinear testing and shows that the nonlinear content of HRV time series diminishes through aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Calderón-Juárez
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 2G9, Canada
| | | | - Juan C Echeverría
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Lerma
- Department of Electromechanical Instrumentation, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Valentine N, Durning SJ, Shanahan EM, Schuwirth L. Fairness in Assessment: Identifying a Complex Adaptive System. PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 12:315-326. [PMID: 37520508 PMCID: PMC10377744 DOI: 10.5334/pme.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Assessment design in health professions education is continuously evolving. There is an increasing desire to better embrace human judgement in assessment. Thus, it is essential to understand what makes this judgement fair. This study builds upon existing literature by studying how assessment leaders conceptualise the characteristics of fair judgement. Methods Sixteen assessment leaders from 15 medical schools in Australia and New Zealand participated in online focus groups. Data collection and analysis occurred concurrently and iteratively. We used the constant comparison method to identify themes and build on an existing conceptual model of fair judgement in assessment. Results Fairness is a multi-dimensional construct with components at environment, system and individual levels. Components influencing fairness include articulated and agreed learning outcomes relating to the needs of society, a culture which allows for learner support, stakeholder agency and learning (environmental level), collection, interpretation and combination of evidence, procedural strategies (system level) and appropriate individual assessments and assessor expertise and agility (individual level). Discussion We observed that within the data at fractal, that is an infinite pattern repeating at different scales, could be seen suggesting fair judgement should be considered a complex adaptive system. Within complex adaptive systems, it is primarily the interaction between the entities which influences the outcome it produces, not simply the components themselves. Viewing fairness in assessment through a lens of complexity rather than as a linear, causal model has significant implications for how we design assessment programs and seek to utilise human judgement in assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyoli Valentine
- Prideaux Discipline of Clinical Education, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven J. Durning
- Department of Medicine, Director, Center for Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Lambert Schuwirth
- Prideaux Discipline of Clinical Education, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Gerber ED, Giraldo C, Whorley B, Nichols P, Ring S, Luchies CW. Subthreshold white noise vibration alters trembling sway in older adults. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 90:103119. [PMID: 37390770 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatosensory deficit is a significant contributor to falls in older adults. Stochastic resonance has shown promise in recent studies of somatosensation-based balance disorders, improving many measures of stability both inside and outside of the clinic. However, our understanding of this effect from a physiological perspective is poorly understood. Therefore, the primary goal of this study is to explore the influence of subthreshold vibratory stimulation on sway under the rambling-trembling framework. METHODS 10 Healthy older adults (60-65 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Each participant underwent two randomized testing sessions on separate days, one experimental and one placebo. During each session, the participants' baseline sway was captured during one 90-s quiet standing trial. Their sensation threshold was then captured using a custom vibratory mat and 4-2-1 vibration perception threshold test. Finally, participants completed another 90-s quiet standing trial while the vibratory mat vibrated at 90% of their measured threshold (if experimental) or with the mat off (if placebo). While they completed these trials, an AMTI force plate collected force and moment data in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML), from which the center of pressure (COP), rambling (RM), and trembling (TR) time series were calculated. From each of these time series, range, variability (root-mean-square), and predictability (sample entropy) were extracted. One-tailed paired t-tests were used to compare baseline and during-vibration measures. RESULTS No significant differences were found during the placebo session. For the experimental session, significant increases were found in AP TR range, ML TR RMS, AP COP predictability, and AP & ML TR predictability. The TR time series was particularly sensitive to vibration, suggesting a strong influence on peripheral/spinal mechanisms of postural control. SIGNIFICANCE Though it is unclear whether observed effects are indicative of "improvements" or not, it does suggest that there was a measurable effect of subthreshold vibration on sway. This knowledge should be utilized in future studies of stochastic resonance, potentially acting as a mode of customization, tailoring vibration location, duration, magnitude, and frequency content to achieve the desired effect. One day, this work may aid in our ability to treat somatosensation-based balance deficits, ultimately reducing the incidence and severity of falls in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn D Gerber
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Camilo Giraldo
- Department of Engineering, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
| | - Brett Whorley
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Paris Nichols
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Scott Ring
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Carl W Luchies
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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Raffalt PC, Yentes JM, Spedden ME. Isometric force complexity may not fully originate from the nervous system. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 90:103111. [PMID: 37327749 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In humans and animals, spatial and temporal information from the nervous system are translated into muscle force enabling movements of body segments. To gain deeper understanding of this translation of information into movements, we investigated the motor control dynamics of isometric contractions in children, adolescents, young adults and older adults. Twelve children, thirteen adolescents, fourteen young adults, and fifteen older adults completed two minutes of submaximal isometric plantar- and dorsiflexion. Simultaneously, sensorimotor cortex EEG, tibialis anterior and soleus EMG and plantar- and dorsiflexion force was recorded. Surrogate analysis suggested that all signals were from a deterministic origin. Multiscale entropy analysis revealed an inverted U-shape relationship between age and complexity for the force but not for the EEG and EMG signals. This suggests that temporal information in from the nervous system is modulated by the musculoskeletal system during the transmission into force. The entropic half-life analyses indicated that this modulation increases the time scale of the temporal dependency in the force signal compared to the neural signals. Together this indicates that the information embedded in produced force does not exclusively reflect the information embedded in the underlying neural signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Raffalt
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jennifer M Yentes
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 4243 TAMU, College Station 77843, TX, USA
| | - Meaghan E Spedden
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
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Northoff G, Klar P, Bein M, Safron A. As without, so within: how the brain's temporo-spatial alignment to the environment shapes consciousness. Interface Focus 2023; 13:20220076. [PMID: 37065263 PMCID: PMC10102730 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2022.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Consciousness is constituted by a structure that includes contents as foreground and the environment as background. This structural relation between the experiential foreground and background presupposes a relationship between the brain and the environment, often neglected in theories of consciousness. The temporo-spatial theory of consciousness addresses the brain-environment relation by a concept labelled 'temporo-spatial alignment'. Briefly, temporo-spatial alignment refers to the brain's neuronal activity's interaction with and adaption to interoceptive bodily and exteroceptive environmental stimuli, including their symmetry as key for consciousness. Combining theory and empirical data, this article attempts to demonstrate the yet unclear neuro-phenomenal mechanisms of temporo-spatial alignment. First, we suggest three neuronal layers of the brain's temporo-spatial alignment to the environment. These neuronal layers span across a continuum from longer to shorter timescales. (i) The background layer comprises longer and more powerful timescales mediating topographic-dynamic similarities between different subjects' brains. (ii) The intermediate layer includes a mixture of medium-scaled timescales allowing for stochastic matching between environmental inputs and neuronal activity through the brain's intrinsic neuronal timescales and temporal receptive windows. (iii) The foreground layer comprises shorter and less powerful timescales for neuronal entrainment of stimuli temporal onset through neuronal phase shifting and resetting. Second, we elaborate on how the three neuronal layers of temporo-spatial alignment correspond to their respective phenomenal layers of consciousness. (i) The inter-subjectively shared contextual background of consciousness. (ii) An intermediate layer that mediates the relationship between different contents of consciousness. (iii) A foreground layer that includes specific fast-changing contents of consciousness. Overall, temporo-spatial alignment may provide a mechanism whose different neuronal layers modulate corresponding phenomenal layers of consciousness. Temporo-spatial alignment can provide a bridging principle for linking physical-energetic (free energy), dynamic (symmetry), neuronal (three layers of distinct time-space scales) and phenomenal (form featured by background-intermediate-foreground) mechanisms of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, TheRoyal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Z 7K4
- Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Philipp Klar
- Medical Faculty, C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magnus Bein
- Department of Biology and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4
| | - Adam Safron
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
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Agorastos A, Mansueto AC, Hager T, Pappi E, Gardikioti A, Stiedl O. Heart Rate Variability as a Translational Dynamic Biomarker of Altered Autonomic Function in Health and Psychiatric Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1591. [PMID: 37371686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for the precise regulation of tissue functions and organs and, thus, is crucial for optimal stress reactivity, adaptive responses and health in basic and challenged states (survival). The fine-tuning of central ANS activity relies on the internal central autonomic regulation system of the central autonomic network (CAN), while the peripheral activity relies mainly on the two main and interdependent peripheral ANS tracts, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). In disease, autonomic imbalance is associated with decreased dynamic adaptability and increased morbidity and mortality. Acute or prolonged autonomic dysregulation, as observed in stress-related disorders, affects CAN core centers, thereby altering downstream peripheral ANS function. One of the best established and most widely used non-invasive methods for the quantitative assessment of ANS activity is the computerized analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). HRV, which is determined by different methods from those used to determine the fluctuation of instantaneous heart rate (HR), has been used in many studies as a powerful index of autonomic (re)activity and an indicator of cardiac risk and ageing. Psychiatric patients regularly show altered autonomic function with increased HR, reduced HRV and blunted diurnal/circadian changes compared to the healthy state. The aim of this article is to provide basic knowledge on ANS function and (re)activity assessment and, thus, to support a much broader use of HRV as a valid, transdiagnostic and fully translational dynamic biomarker of stress system sensitivity and vulnerability to stress-related disorders in neuroscience research and clinical psychiatric practice. In particular, we review the functional levels of central and peripheral ANS control, the main neurobiophysiologic theoretical models (e.g., polyvagal theory, neurovisceral integration model), the precise autonomic influence on cardiac function and the definition and main aspects of HRV and its different measures (i.e., time, frequency and nonlinear domains). We also provide recommendations for the proper use of electrocardiogram recordings for HRV assessment in clinical and research settings and highlight pathophysiological, clinical and research implications for a better functional understanding of the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying healthy and malfunctioning brain-heart interactions in individual stress reactivity and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- II. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56430 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alessandra C Mansueto
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Hager
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Pappi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angeliki Gardikioti
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Oliver Stiedl
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Klar P, Çatal Y, Langner R, Huang Z, Northoff G. Scale-free dynamics in the core-periphery topography and task alignment decline from conscious to unconscious states. Commun Biol 2023; 6:499. [PMID: 37161021 PMCID: PMC10170069 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Scale-free physiological processes are ubiquitous in the human organism. Resting-state functional MRI studies observed the loss of scale-free dynamics under anesthesia. In contrast, the modulation of scale-free dynamics during task-related activity remains an open question. We investigate scale-free dynamics in the cerebral cortex's unimodal periphery and transmodal core topography in rest and task states during three conscious levels (awake, sedation, and anesthesia) complemented by computational modelling (Stuart-Landau model). The empirical findings demonstrate that the loss of the brain's intrinsic scale-free dynamics in the core-periphery topography during anesthesia, where pink noise transforms into white noise, disrupts the brain's neuronal alignment with the task's temporal structure. The computational model shows that the stimuli's scale-free dynamics, namely pink noise distinguishes from brown and white noise, also modulate task-related activity. Together, we provide evidence for two mechanisms of consciousness, temporo-spatial nestedness and alignment, suggested by the Temporo-Spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klar
- Medical Faculty, C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Yasir Çatal
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research & University of Ottawa. Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Zirui Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Georg Northoff
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research & University of Ottawa. Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Tianmu Road 305, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310013, China
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Silva LWND, Moura VTGD, Leal IDS, Nascimento MDM, Trombini-Souza F. Is foot clearance influenced by different types of dual task in once-only faller community-dwelling older adults? Gait Posture 2023; 103:27-31. [PMID: 37084625 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripping is one of the main causes of falls in older adults and has an important association with minimum toe clearance (MTC). MTC variability while performing alternating (ADT) or concurrent (CDT) dual-task activities may be a useful gait parameter to differentiate once-only fallers from non-faller older adults. RESEARCH QUESTION Is the MTC variability influenced by ADT and CDT in once-only faller community-dwelling older adults? METHODS Twenty-two community-dwelling older adults with a self-report of up to one fall in the last 12 months were allocated to the fallers group and 38 to the non-fallers group. Gait data were collected by two foot-worn inertial sensors (Physilog® 5, GaitUp, Lausanne, Switzerland). MTC mean magnitude and variability, as well as the stride-to-stride variability, stride time and length, lower limb peak angular velocity, and foot forward linear speed at the MTC instant, were calculated across approximately 50 gait cycles for each participant and condition using the GaitUp Analyzer software (GaitUp, Lausanne, Switzerland). The statistical analyzes were performed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), v.22.0, using generalized mixed linear models, adopting an alpha of 5%. RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANCE No interaction effect was observed; however, faller participants reduced the MTC variability (standard deviation) [(mean difference, MD = -0.099 cm; confidence interval, 95%CI = -0.183 to -0.015)], regardless of the condition. CDT compared to a single task (only gait) reduced the mean magnitude of the foot forward linear speed (MD=-0.264 m/s; 95%CI=-0.462 to -0.067), peak angular velocity (MD = -25.205 degrees/s; 95%CI = -45.507 to -4.904), and gait speed (MD = -0.104 m/s; 95%CI = -0.179 to -0.029), regardless of the group. These results suggest that MTC variability, regardless of condition, may be a promising gait parameter to differentiate once-only faller community-dwelling older adults from non-fallers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iara Dos Santos Leal
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Francis Trombini-Souza
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
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Lafe CW, Liu F, Simpson TW, Moon CH, Collinger JL, Wittenberg GF, Urbin MA. Force oscillations underlying precision grip in humans with lesioned corticospinal tracts. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103398. [PMID: 37086647 PMCID: PMC10173012 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Stability of precision grip depends on the ability to regulate forces applied by the digits. Increased frequency composition and temporal irregularity of oscillations in the force signal are associated with enhanced force stability, which is thought to result from increased voluntary drive along the corticospinal tract (CST). There is limited knowledge of how these oscillations in force output are regulated in the context of dexterous hand movements like precision grip, which are often impaired by CST damage due to stroke. The extent of residual CST volume descending from primary motor cortex may help explain the ability to modulate force oscillations at higher frequencies. Here, stroke survivors with longstanding hand impairment (n = 17) and neurologically-intact controls (n = 14) performed a precision grip task requiring dynamic and isometric muscle contractions to scale and stabilize forces exerted on a sensor by the index finger and thumb. Diffusion spectrum imaging was used to quantify total white matter volume within the residual and intact CSTs of stroke survivors (n = 12) and CSTs of controls (n = 14). White matter volumes within the infarct region and an analogous portion of overlap with the CST, mirrored onto the intact side, were also quantified in stroke survivors. We found reduced ability to stabilize force and more restricted frequency ranges in force oscillations of stroke survivors relative to controls; though, more broadband, irregular output was strongly related to force-stabilizing ability in both groups. The frequency composition and temporal irregularity of force oscillations observed in stroke survivors did not correlate with maximal precision grip force, suggesting that it is not directly related to impaired force-generating capacity. The ratio of residual to intact CST volumes contained within infarct and mirrored compartments was associated with more broadband, irregular force oscillations in stroke survivors. Our findings provide insight into granular aspects of dexterity altered by corticospinal damage and supply preliminary evidence to support that the ability to modulate force oscillations at higher frequencies is explained, at least in part, by residual CST volume in stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley W Lafe
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA RR&D Center of Excellence, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Rehabilitation Neural Engineering Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tyler W Simpson
- Rehabilitation Neural Engineering Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chan Hong Moon
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jennifer L Collinger
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA RR&D Center of Excellence, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA; Rehabilitation Neural Engineering Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - George F Wittenberg
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA RR&D Center of Excellence, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA; Rehabilitation Neural Engineering Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael A Urbin
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA RR&D Center of Excellence, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA; Rehabilitation Neural Engineering Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Nakamura T, Kodama K, Sakazaki J, Higuchi T. Relationship between adaptability during turning and the complexity of walking before turning in older adults. J Mot Behav 2023; 55:331-340. [PMID: 37040902 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2199692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between behavioral complexity (sample entropy, SEn) during steady walking and the quickness of subsequent turning performance in older adults. Herein, healthy older and younger adults (n = 12 each) were instructed to walk straight and then turn into an intersection surrounded by four pylons. This walking task was performed under two turning conditions: reactive and pre-planned turning, where the direction of turning was unknown until immediately before turning or was informed beforehand, respectively. For older adults, behavioral complexity was comparable under both conditions, but was higher under reactive than pre-planned turning condition for younger adults. This suggests that older adults cannot adapt their walking patterns in response to turning conditions. Correlation analysis showed that older adults with lower SEn had more difficulty in turning rapidly under reactive turning condition, indicating a relationship between the two variables. Thus, deterioration of the reactive turning performance in older adults is related to stereotyped movements during steady walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Nakamura
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kodama
- University Education Center, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juntaro Sakazaki
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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Debain A, Loosveldt FA, Knoop V, Costenoble A, Lieten S, Petrovic M, Bautmans I. Frail OLDER ADULTS are more likely TO have autonomic dysfunction: A systematic review and META-ANALYSIs. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101925. [PMID: 37028604 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction and frailty are two common and complex geriatric syndromes. Their prevalence increases with age and they have similar negative health outcomes. In PubMed and Web of Science we screened studies identifying a relationship between autonomic function (AF) and frailty in adults aged ≥65 years. Twenty-two studies of which two prospective and 20 cross-sectional were included (n=8375). We performed a meta-analysis for the articles addressing orthostatic hypotension (OH). Frailty was associated with 1.6 higher odds of suffering from consensus OH (COH) {OR=1.607 95%CI [1.15-2.24]; 7 studies; n=3488}. When measured for each type of OH the largest trend was seen between initial OH (IOH) and frailty {OR=3.08; 95%CI [1.50-6.36]; 2 studies; n=497}. Fourteen studies reported other autonomic function alterations in frail older adults with 4-22% reduction in orthostatic heart rate increase, 6% reduction in systolic blood pressure recovery, 9-75% reduction in most common used heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Frail older adults were more likely to have impaired AF. Diagnosis of frailty should promptly lead to orthostatic testing as OH implicates specific treatment modalities, which differ from frailty management. As IOH is most strongly correlated with frailty, continuous beat to beat blood pressure measurements should be performed when present at least until cut-off values for heart rate variability testing are defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Debain
- Gerontology department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fien Ann Loosveldt
- Gerontology department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veerle Knoop
- Gerontology department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Costenoble
- Gerontology department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Siddhartha Lieten
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent (UZGent), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent (UZGent), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Gerontology department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Intracranial Pressure Variability: A New Potential Metric of Cerebral Ischemia and Energy Metabolic Dysfunction in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage? J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2023; 35:208-214. [PMID: 36877175 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was recently reported that lower intracranial pressure variability (ICPV) is associated with delayed ischemic neurological deficits and unfavorable outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). In this study, we aimed to determine whether lower ICPV also correlated with worse cerebral energy metabolism after aSAH. METHODS A total of 75 aSAH patients treated in the neurointensive care unit at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden between 2008 and 2018 and with both intracranial pressure and cerebral microdialysis (MD) monitoring during the first 10 days after ictus were included in this retrospective study. ICPV was calculated with a bandpass filter limited to intracranial pressure slow waves with a wavelength of 55 to 15 seconds. Cerebral energy metabolites were measured hourly with MD. The monitoring period was divided into 3 phases; early (days 1 to 3), early vasospasm (days 4 to 6.5), and late vasospasm (days 6.5 to 10). RESULTS Lower ICPV was associated with lower MD-glucose in the late vasospasm phase, lower MD-pyruvate in the early vasospasm phases, and higher MD-lactate-pyruvate ratio (LPR) in the early and late vasospasm phases. Lower ICPV was associated with poor cerebral substrate supply (LPR >25 and pyruvate <120 µM) rather than mitochondrial failure (LPR >25 and pyruvate >120 µM). There was no association between ICPV and delayed ischemic neurological deficit, but lower ICPV in both vasospasm phases correlated with unfavorable outcomes. CONCLUSION Lower ICPV was associated with an increased risk for disturbed cerebral energy metabolism and worse clinical outcomes in aSAH patients, possibly explained by a vasospasm-related decrease in cerebral blood volume dynamics and cerebral ischemia.
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