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Mattiussi AM, Shaw JW, Price P, Brown DD, Cohen DD, Lineham J, Pedlar CR, Tallent J, Atack A. The association of range of motion, lower limb strength, and load during jump landings in professional ballet dancers. J Biomech 2024; 168:112119. [PMID: 38669794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations between peak plantarflexion ankle joint moments and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) during jump landings, and static ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), three-dimensional ankle excursions, and lower extremity strength in professional ballet dancers. Twenty-seven professional ballet dancers volunteered to participate (men = 14, women = 13). Participants attended one data collection session to measure dorsiflexion ROM and isometric lower extremity strength. Two further sessions were used to establish ankle mechanics and vGRFs during countermovement jump landings in seven foot positions, via a seven-camera motion capture system and piezoelectric force platform. Two linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate associations between the target variables and strength, dorsiflexion ROM, and ankle excursions. Dancer identification, sex, and foot position were entered as random effects. Model fit, when considered independent of random effects, was generally poor with the predictor variables explaining little of the variance of peak plantarflexion ankle joint moments (R2 = 0.02) or vGRF (R2 = 0.01). Model fit improved when random effects were considered (R2 = 0.65 & 0.34). Frontal plane ankle excursion was the only predictor variable with a significant negative association with peak plantarflexion ankle joint moments (p = .016), although coefficient estimates were small. Strength, static ankle dorsiflexion ROM, and three-dimensional ankle excursions are poor predictors of load experienced at a joint and system level in professional ballet dancers. Differences between individuals, sex, and foot position may be better indicators of the load experienced during jump landings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Mattiussi
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK; Ballet Healthcare, The Royal Ballet, Royal Opera House, London, UK; Performance Rehabilitation, Intensive Rehabilitation Unit, UK Sports Institute, UK. https://twitter.com/adammattiussi
| | - Joseph W Shaw
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK; Ballet Healthcare, The Royal Ballet, Royal Opera House, London, UK. https://twitter.com/josephshaw
| | - Phil Price
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK. https://twitter.com/thepricep
| | - Derrick D Brown
- Victorian College of the Arts, The University of Melbourne, Australia. https://twitter.com/ddbrown
| | - Daniel D Cohen
- Mindeporte (Colombian Ministry of Sport), Centre for Sports Science, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Human Performance and Innovation, University of Limerick, Ireland. https://twitter.com/danielcohen1971
| | - Jack Lineham
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK. https://twitter.com/pedlarcr
| | - Jamie Tallent
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. https://twitter.com/jamietallent
| | - Alexandra Atack
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK. https://twitter.com/a_atack2
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Petereit C, Porath K, Rackow S, Kernig K, Hakenberg OW, Köhling R, Kirschstein T. Age-dependent effects of the β 3 adrenoceptor agonist CL316,243 on human and rat detrusor muscle strips. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:243-256. [PMID: 37993748 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Motility of detrusor smooth muscle includes adrenergic relaxation and cholinergic contraction. Since the latter may be deregulated in overactive bladder (OAB) pathophysiology, anticholinergics are the standard therapy but occasionally less tolerated due to side effects such as dry mouth and constipation. β3 adrenoceptor agonists also alleviate OAB symptoms by relaxing the detrusor muscle. Their age dependence, however, is far from understood. To address this issue, we induced contractions with KCl (60 mM) and carbachol (from 10 nM to 100 μM) in the presence of the β3 adrenoceptor agonist CL316,243 (from 0.1 to 10 μM) in both human and rat muscle strips. Our results confirmed that both contractions were attenuated by β3 adrenoceptor activation in both species, but with differing age dependence. In humans, specimens from mid-life subjects showed a significantly more pronounced effect of CL316,243 in attenuating carbachol-induced contractions than those from aged subjects (Cohen's d of maximal attenuation: 1.82 in mid-life versus 0.13 in aged) without altering EC50. Conversely, attenuation of KCl responses by CL316,243 increased during ageing (Spearman correlation coefficient = -0.584, P<0.01). In rats, both KCl- and carbachol-induced contractions were significantly more attenuated by CL316,243 in samples from adolescent as compared to aged samples. Immunohistochemistry in human detrusor sections proved β3 adrenoreceptor abundance to remain unaltered during ageing. In conclusion, our findings suggest differential age-dependent changes in human β3 adrenoceptor-dependent attenuation of detrusor contraction in terms of electromechanical versus pharmacomechanical coupling; they may help understand the differential responsiveness of OAB patients to β3 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Petereit
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Porath
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simone Rackow
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karoline Kernig
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Center of Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- Center of Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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Saab M, Derousseaux R, Beldame J, Chantelot C, Laboute E, Maynou C. Portable device for measuring isometric plantar-flexion force after open Achilles repair: Retrospective cohort of 30 recreational athletes with one-year minimum follow-up. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2023:103791. [PMID: 38072309 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2023.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantar flexion force in recreational athletes after repair of Achilles tendon tears has rarely been reported, due to the lack of a widely available and fast measurement method. Knowledge of this parameter would allow optimisation of muscular and sports recovery. The main objective of this study was to measure the isometric force of the triceps surae at least 1 year after unilateral Achilles-tendon repair, comparatively to the unaffected side, using a portable device. The secondary objectives were to compare Achilles tendon and calf-muscle trophicity, dorsiflexion, and the single-leg heel-rise test versus the normal side and to assess functional scores at last follow-up. HYPOTHESES (i) Plantar flexion force does not differ significantly between the operated and contralateral sides. (ii) Calf-muscle trophicity, dorsiflexion, and the single-leg heel-rise test do not differ significantly between the operated and contralateral sides. PATIENTS AND METHODS This single-centre retrospective study included patients aged 18 to 65 years with a history of open repair of an acute unilateral Achilles tear at least 1 year earlier. Plantar flexion force, calf-muscle trophicity, dorsiflexion, and the heel-to-floor distance were measured on both sides and compared. The ATRS, VISA-A score, and EFAS score were determined. All complications were recorded. RESULTS The study included 30 patients with a mean follow-up of 20.3 months (range, 12-28 months). The operated side had significantly lower values for isometric triceps surae force, calf circumference, and heel-to-floor distance compared to the contralateral side (p<0.0001). Tendon width was significantly greater on the operated side (p<0.0001). Dorsiflexion did not differ significantly between sides (p=0.106). Mean functional score values were 91.5±6 for the ATRS (maximum, 100), 85±12 for the VISA-A score (maximum, 100), and 19.5±4 for the EFAS score (maximum, 24). DISCUSSION Isometric triceps-surae force measured using a portable device at least 1 year after open surgical Achilles-tendon repair was significantly decreased compared to the contralateral side. Calf circumference and heel-to-floor distance were also significantly lower. These data indicate a need for improved monitoring of triceps surae recovery to optimise rehabilitation and sports resumption. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, retrospective comparative cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Saab
- Service d'Orthopédie -Traumatologie, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Romain Derousseaux
- Service d'Orthopédie -Traumatologie, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Beldame
- Institut de la Cheville et du Pied de Paris, 136, bis rue Blomet, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Chantelot
- Service d'Orthopédie -Traumatologie, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Laboute
- C.E.R.S. Groupe Ramsay Santé, 83, avenue Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 40130 Capbreton, France
| | - Carlos Maynou
- Service d'Orthopédie -Traumatologie, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Hualiang L, Xupeng Y, Yuzhong L, Tingjun X, Wei T, Yali S, Qiru W, Chaolin X, Yu W, Weilin L, Long J. A novel noninvasive brain-computer interface by imagining isometric force levels. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:975-983. [PMID: 37522042 PMCID: PMC10374494 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological circuits differ across increasing isometric force levels during unilateral contraction. Therefore, we first explored the possibility of predicting the force level based on electroencephalogram (EEG) activity recorded during a single trial of unilateral 5% or 40% of maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) in right-hand grip imagination. Nine healthy subjects were involved in this study. The subjects were required to randomly perform 20 trials for each force level while imagining a right-hand grip. We proposed the use of common spatial patterns (CSPs) and coherence between EEG signals as features in a support vector machine for force level prediction. The results showed that the force levels could be predicted through single-trial EEGs while imagining the grip (mean accuracy = 81.4 ± 13.29%). Additionally, we tested the possibility of online control of a ball game using the above paradigm through unilateral grip imagination at different force levels (i.e., 5% of MVC imagination and 40% of MVC imagination for right-hand movement control). Subjects played the ball games effectively by controlling direction with our novel BCI system (n = 9, mean accuracy = 76.67 ± 9.35%). Data analysis validated the use of our BCI system in the online control of a ball game. This information may provide additional commands for the control of robots by users through combinations with other traditional brain-computer interfaces, e.g., different limb imaginations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hualiang
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Ye Xupeng
- College of Information Science and Technology, and Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Liu Yuzhong
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xie Tingjun
- Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Tan Wei
- Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen Yali
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Wang Qiru
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiong Chaolin
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Wang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lin Weilin
- College of Information Science and Technology, and Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Jinyi Long
- College of Information Science and Technology, and Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
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Raffalt PC, Yentes JM, Spedden ME. Isometric force complexity may not fully originate from the nervous system. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 90:103111. [PMID: 37327749 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In humans and animals, spatial and temporal information from the nervous system are translated into muscle force enabling movements of body segments. To gain deeper understanding of this translation of information into movements, we investigated the motor control dynamics of isometric contractions in children, adolescents, young adults and older adults. Twelve children, thirteen adolescents, fourteen young adults, and fifteen older adults completed two minutes of submaximal isometric plantar- and dorsiflexion. Simultaneously, sensorimotor cortex EEG, tibialis anterior and soleus EMG and plantar- and dorsiflexion force was recorded. Surrogate analysis suggested that all signals were from a deterministic origin. Multiscale entropy analysis revealed an inverted U-shape relationship between age and complexity for the force but not for the EEG and EMG signals. This suggests that temporal information in from the nervous system is modulated by the musculoskeletal system during the transmission into force. The entropic half-life analyses indicated that this modulation increases the time scale of the temporal dependency in the force signal compared to the neural signals. Together this indicates that the information embedded in produced force does not exclusively reflect the information embedded in the underlying neural signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Raffalt
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jennifer M Yentes
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 4243 TAMU, College Station 77843, TX, USA
| | - Meaghan E Spedden
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
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de Campos D, Orssatto LBR, Trajano GS, Herzog W, Fontana HDB. Residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci 2022; 11:94-103. [PMID: 34062271 PMCID: PMC8847921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reviewed and appraised the existing evidence of in vivo manifestations of residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles and assessed, through a meta-analysis, the effect of an immediate history of eccentric contraction on the subsequent torque capacity of voluntary and electrically evoked muscle contractions. METHODS Our search was conducted from database inception to May 2020. Descriptive information was extracted from, and quality was assessed for, 45 studies. Meta-analyses and metaregressions were used to analyze residual torque enhancement and its dependence on the angular amplitude of the preceding eccentric contraction. RESULTS Procedures varied across studies with regards to muscle group tested, angular stretch amplitude, randomization of contractions, time window analyzed, and verbal command. Torque capacity in isometric (constant muscle tendon unit length and joint angle) contractions preceded by an eccentric contraction was typically greater compared to purely isometric contractions, and this effect was greater for electrically evoked muscle contractions than voluntary contractions. Residual torque enhancement differed across muscle groups for the voluntary contractions, with a significant enhancement in torque observed for the adductor pollicis, ankle dorsiflexors, ankle plantar flexors, and knee extensors, but not for the elbow and knee flexors. Meta-regressions revealed that the angular amplitude of the eccentric contraction (normalized to the respective joint's full range of motion) was not associated with the residual torque enhancement observed. CONCLUSION There is evidence of residual torque enhancement for most, but not all, muscle groups, and residual torque enhancement is greater for electrically evoked than for voluntary contractions. Contrary to our hypothesis, and contrary to generally accepted findings on isolated muscle preparations, residual torque enhancement in voluntary and electrically evoked contractions does not seem to depend on the angular amplitude of the preceding eccentric contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani de Campos
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-001, Brazil
| | - Lucas B R Orssatto
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4030, Australia
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4030, Australia
| | - Walter Herzog
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-001, Brazil; Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Heiliane de Brito Fontana
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-001, Brazil; School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
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Abstract
Muscles consume metabolic energy for active movement, particularly when performing mechanical work or producing force. Less appreciated is the cost for activating muscle quickly, which adds considerably to the overall cost of cyclic force production. However, the cost magnitude relative to the cost of mechanical work, which features in many movements, is unknown. We therefore tested whether fast activation is costly compared with performing work or producing isometric force. We hypothesized that metabolic cost would increase with a proposed measure termed force rate (rate of increase in muscle force) in cyclic tasks, separate from mechanical work or average force level. We tested humans (N=9) producing cyclic knee extension torque against an isometric dynamometer (torque 22 N m, cyclic waveform frequencies 0.5-2.5 Hz), while also quantifying quadriceps muscle force and work against series elasticity (with ultrasonography), along with metabolic rate through respirometry. Net metabolic rate increased by more than four-fold (10.5 to 46.8 W) with waveform frequency. At high frequencies, the hypothesized force-rate cost accounted for nearly half (40%) of energy expenditure. This exceeded the cost for average force (17%) and was comparable to the cost for shortening work (43%). The force-rate cost is explained by additional active calcium transport necessary for producing forces at increasing waveform frequencies, owing to rate-limiting dynamics of force production. The force-rate cost could contribute substantially to the overall cost of movements that require cyclic muscle activation, such as locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J van der Zee
- University of Calgary, Faculty of Kinesiology, Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Arthur D Kuo
- University of Calgary, Faculty of Kinesiology, Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
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Tahir U, Monroy JA, Rice NA, Nishikawa KC. Effects of a titin mutation on force enhancement and force depression in mouse soleus muscles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:jeb.197038. [PMID: 31862847 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.197038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The active isometric force produced by muscles varies with muscle length in accordance with the force-length relationship. Compared with isometric contractions at the same final length, force increases after active lengthening (force enhancement) and decreases after active shortening (force depression). In addition to cross-bridges, titin has been suggested to contribute to force enhancement and depression. Although titin is too compliant in passive muscles to contribute to active tension at short sarcomere lengths on the ascending limb and plateau of the force-length relationship, recent evidence suggests that activation increases titin stiffness. To test the hypothesis that titin plays a role in force enhancement and depression, we investigated isovelocity stretching and shortening in active and passive wild-type and mdm (muscular dystrophy with myositis) soleus muscles. Skeletal muscles from mdm mice have a small deletion in the N2A region of titin and show no increase in titin stiffness during active stretch. We found that: (1) force enhancement and depression were reduced in mdm soleus compared with wild-type muscles relative to passive force after stretch or shortening to the same final length; (2) force enhancement and force depression increased with amplitude of stretch across all activation levels in wild-type muscles; and (3) maximum shortening velocity of wild-type and mdm muscles estimated from isovelocity experiments was similar, although active stress was reduced in mdm compared with wild-type muscles. The results of this study suggest a role for titin in force enhancement and depression, which contribute importantly to muscle force during natural movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Tahir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA
| | - Jenna A Monroy
- W. M. Keck Science Department, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711-5916, USA
| | - Nicole A Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA
| | - Kiisa C Nishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA
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Ballardini G, Ponassi V, Galofaro E, Carlini G, Marini F, Pellegrino L, Morasso P, Casadio M. Interaction between position sense and force control in bimanual tasks. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2019; 16:137. [PMID: 31703703 PMCID: PMC6839077 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several daily living activities require people to coordinate the motion and the force produced by both arms, using their position sense and sense of effort. However, to date, the interaction in bimanual tasks has not been extensively investigated. Methods We focused on bimanual tasks where subjects were required:
(Experiment 1) to move their hands until reaching the same position – equal hand position implied identical arm configurations in joint space - under different loading conditions; (Experiment 2) to produce the same amount of isometric force by pushing upward, with their hands placed in symmetric or asymmetric positions.
The arm motions and forces required for accomplishing these tasks were in the vertical direction. We enrolled a healthy population of 20 subjects for Experiment 1 and 25 for Experiment 2. Our primary outcome was the systematic difference between the two hands at the end of each trial in terms of position for Experiment 1 and force for Experiment 2. In both experiments using repeated measure ANOVA we evaluated the effect of each specific condition, namely loading in the former case and hand configuration in the latter. Results In the first experiment, the difference between the hands’ positions was greater when they were concurrently loaded with different weights. Conversely, in the second experiment, when subjects were asked to exert equal forces with both arms, the systematic difference between left and right force was not influenced by symmetric or asymmetric arm configurations, but by the position of the left hand, regardless of the right hand position. The performance was better when the left hand was in the higher position. Conclusions The experiments report the reciprocal interaction between position sense and sense of effort inbimanual tasks performed by healthy subjects. Apart for the intrinsic interest for a better understanding of basic sensorimotor processes, the results are also relevant to clinical applications, for defining functional evaluation and rehabilitative protocols for people with neurological diseases or conditions that impair the ability to sense and control concurrently position and force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ballardini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Valentina Ponassi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Galofaro
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carlini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Pellegrino
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Maura Casadio
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Herbort O, Kunde W. Emergence of anticipatory actions in a novel task. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1421-30. [PMID: 30888459 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Humans normally adapt earlier segments of multistep motor actions in such a way that the execution of later segments is facilitated. For example, the kinematics of grasping movements are adapted to the requirements of the intended subsequent object manipulations. Here we studied which factors foster adaptation of earlier action segments to later ones in a novel task for which no prior experience existed. Participants executed a two-step isometric force production task, in which the force produced in the first segment determined the difficulty of the second segment. Adaptation of the first segment to the second one benefited from explicit knowledge of the dependency between both segments but not from extensive prior experience with the second segment. These observations show that adaptation of motor actions to subsequent actions demands the construction of a task representation that allows to plan the first action segment with respect to its successor. How specifically the first segment is tailored to the second one does not depend on prior experience with the second segment but depends on experience from performing the interdependent two-step action sequence.
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Chappell AJ, Allwood DM, Johns R, Brown S, Sultana K, Anand A, Simper T. Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:42. [PMID: 30097067 PMCID: PMC6086018 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of supplements to aid performance is common practice amongst recreationally active individuals, including those without a sufficient evidence base. This investigation sought to assess whether acute supplementation with 8 g of citrulline malate (CM) (1.11: 1 ratio) would improve anaerobic performance. METHODS A randomised double blind placebo control trial was employed, using a counterbalanced design. We recruited recreationally active men and women to take part in an isokinetic chair protocol, based on German Volume Training (GVT) whereby participants attempted to perform 10 sets of 10 repetitions against a force representing 70% of their peak concentric force. RESULTS The number of repetitions achieved over the course of the GVT was 94.0 ± 7.9 and 90.9 ± 13.9 for placebo and CM respectively. There was no significant difference between the placebo and CM treatment for number of repetitions (P = 0.33), isometric (P = 0.60), concentric (P = 0.38), or eccentric (P = 0.65) peak force following the GVT. Total muscle soreness was significantly higher in the CM compared to the placebo treatment following the GVT protocol over 72 h (P = 0.01); although this was not accompanied by a greater workload/number of repetitions in the CM group. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that an acute dose of CM does not significantly affect anaerobic performance using an isokinetic chair in recreational active participants. Practical implications include precaution in recommending CM supplementation. Coaches and athletes should be aware of the disparity between the chemical analyses of the products reviewed in the present investigation versus the manufacturers' claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Chappell
- Food and Nutrition group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Stoddard Building, City Campus, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Daniel M Allwood
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Owen Building, City Campus, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rebecca Johns
- Food and Nutrition group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Stoddard Building, City Campus, Sheffield, UK
| | - Samantha Brown
- Food and Nutrition group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Stoddard Building, City Campus, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kiran Sultana
- Food and Nutrition group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Stoddard Building, City Campus, Sheffield, UK
| | - Annie Anand
- Food and Nutrition group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Stoddard Building, City Campus, Sheffield, UK
| | - Trevor Simper
- Food and Nutrition group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Stoddard Building, City Campus, Sheffield, UK
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12
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Barlow SM, Hozan M, Lee J, Greenwood J, Custead R, Wardyn B, Tippin K. Orofacial and thumb-index finger ramp-and-hold isometric force dynamics in young neurotypical adults. J Biomech 2018. [PMID: 29526460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relation among several parameters of the ramp-and-hold isometric force contraction (peak force and dF/dtmax during the initial phase of force recruitment, and the proportion of hold-phase at target) was quantified for the right and left thumb-index finger pinch, and lower lip midline compression in 40 neurotypical right-handed young adults (20 female/20 males) using wireless force sensors and data acquisition technology developed in our laboratory. In this visuomotor control task, participants produced ramp-and-hold isometric forces as 'rapidly and accurately' as possible to end-point target levels at 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 Newtons presented to a computer monitor in a randomized block design. Significant relations were found between the parameters of the ramp-and-hold lip force task and target force level, including the peak rate of force change (dF/dtmax), peak force, and the criterion percentage of force within ±5% of target during the contraction hold phase. A significant performance advantage was found among these force variables for the thumb-index finger over the lower lip. The maximum voluntary compression force (MVCF) task revealed highly significant differences in force output between the thumb-index fingers and lower lip (∼4.47-4.70 times greater for the digits versus lower lip), a significant advantage of the right thumb-index finger over the non-dominant left thumb-index finger (12% and 25% right hand advantage for males and females, respectively), and a significant sex difference (∼1.65-1.73 times greater among males).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Barlow
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0738, USA; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 230 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA; Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska, C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588-0156, USA.
| | - Mohsen Hozan
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0738, USA; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 230 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA; Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska, C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588-0156, USA.
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology & Leadership, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41071, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Jake Greenwood
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0738, USA; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 230 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA; Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska, C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588-0156, USA.
| | - Rebecca Custead
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0738, USA; Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska, C89 East Stadium, Lincoln, NE 68588-0156, USA.
| | - Brianna Wardyn
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0738, USA.
| | - Kaytlin Tippin
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska, 141 Barkley Memorial Center, Lincoln, NE 68583-0738, USA.
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13
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Dideriksen JL, Feeney DF, Almuklass AM, Enoka RM. Control of force during rapid visuomotor force-matching tasks can be described by discrete time PID control algorithms. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:2561-2573. [PMID: 28555275 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Force trajectories during isometric force-matching tasks involving isometric contractions vary substantially across individuals. In this study, we investigated if this variability can be explained by discrete time proportional, integral, derivative (PID) control algorithms with varying model parameters. To this end, we analyzed the pinch force trajectories of 24 subjects performing two rapid force-matching tasks with visual feedback. Both tasks involved isometric contractions to a target force of 10% maximal voluntary contraction. One task involved a single action (pinch) and the other required a double action (concurrent pinch and wrist extension). 50,000 force trajectories were simulated with a computational neuromuscular model whose input was determined by a PID controller with different PID gains and frequencies at which the controller adjusted muscle commands. The goal was to find the best match between each experimental force trajectory and all simulated trajectories. It was possible to identify one realization of the PID controller that matched the experimental force produced during each task for most subjects (average index of similarity: 0.87 ± 0.12; 1 = perfect similarity). The similarities for both tasks were significantly greater than that would be expected by chance (single action: p = 0.01; double action: p = 0.04). Furthermore, the identified control frequencies in the simulated PID controller with the greatest similarities decreased as task difficulty increased (single action: 4.0 ± 1.8 Hz; double action: 3.1 ± 1.3 Hz). Overall, the results indicate that discrete time PID controllers are realistic models for the neural control of force in rapid force-matching tasks involving isometric contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lund Dideriksen
- SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajersvej 7-D3, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Daniel F Feeney
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Awad M Almuklass
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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14
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Novak T, Newell KM. Physiological tremor (8-12Hz component) in isometric force control. Neurosci Lett 2017; 641:87-93. [PMID: 28109777 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The experiment investigated the influence of physiological tremor (8-12Hz band) on the variability of isometric force control as a function of force level and hand dominance. Subjects were instructed to match a constant force level target line on a computer screen and minimize error in a uni-manual isometric finger abduction task at 5%, 25%, 45%, 65%, and 85% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The experimental protocol was performed independently with the left and right hands in separate blocks of performance. Tremor amplitude was enhanced at an increasing rate with increments of force level and was correlated with both performance outcome (Root mean square error - RMSE) and time-dependent regularity (Sample Entropy) of the force signal. No significant findings in force variability (dispersion or irregularity) were found between the dominant and non-dominant hands. Physiological tremor has a small but direct influence on the dispersion and time dependent structure of the variability of isometric force control but its relative influence on force amplitude decreases with increments of force level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Novak
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, United States.
| | - Karl M Newell
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, United States
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15
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Claflin DR, Roche SM, Gumucio JP, Mendias CL, Brooks SV. Assessment of the Contractile Properties of Permeabilized Skeletal Muscle Fibers. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1460:321-36. [PMID: 27492182 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3810-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Permeabilized individual skeletal muscle fibers offer the opportunity to evaluate contractile behavior in a system that is greatly simplified, yet physiologically relevant. Here we describe the steps required to prepare, permeabilize and preserve small samples of skeletal muscle. We then detail the procedures used to isolate individual fiber segments and attach them to an experimental apparatus for the purpose of controlling activation and measuring force generation. We also describe our technique for estimating the cross-sectional area of fiber segments. The area measurement is necessary for normalizing the absolute force to obtain specific force, a measure of the intrinsic force-generating capability of the contractile system.
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16
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Lafe CW, Pacheco MM, Newell KM. Adapting relative phase of bimanual isometric force coordination through scaling visual information intermittency. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 47:186-196. [PMID: 27017544 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Visual information plays an adaptive role in the relation between bimanual force coupling and error corrective processes of isometric force control. In the present study, the evolving distribution of the relative phase properties of bimanual isometric force coupling was examined by scaling within a trial the temporal feedback rate of visual intermittency (short to long presentation intervals and vice versa). The force error (RMSE) was reduced, and time-dependent irregularity (SampEn) of the force output was increased with greater amounts of visual information (shorter intermittency). Multi-stable coordination patterns of bimanual isometric force control were differentially shifted toward and away from the intrinsic dynamics by the changing the intermittency of visual information. The distribution of Hilbert transformed relative phase values showed progressively a predominantly anti-phase mode under less intermittent visual information to predominantly an in-phase mode with limited (almost no) visual information. Correlation between the hands showed a continuous reduction, rather than abrupt "transition," with increase in visual information, although no mean negative correlation was realized, despite the tendency towards an anti-phase distribution. Lastly, changes in both the performance outcome and bimanual isometric force coordination occurred at visual feedback rates faster than the minimal visual processing times established from single limb movement and isometric force protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley W Lafe
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, USA.
| | | | - Karl M Newell
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, USA
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17
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Lafe CW, Pacheco MM, Newell KM. Bimanual coordination and the intermittency of visual information in isometric force tracking. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2025-34. [PMID: 26960740 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the intermittency of visual information in the bimanual coordination of an isometric force coordination task was investigated as a function of criterion force level. Eight levels of visual information intermittency (.2-25.6 Hz) were used in blocked fashion at each force level. Participants were required to produce a constant force output matching as accurately as possible the criterion force target. The results showed that performance improved as the intermittency of visual information was reduced-this effect being a function of force level. The distribution of the relative phase through the trial revealed a preference for the two hands to be coupled together (in-phase) at the slower rates of visual presentation (~.2 Hz). However, as the rate of visual feedback was increased (up to ~25.6 Hz), there was a transition to predominantly a negative correlation pattern (anti-phase). The pattern of bimanual coordination in this isometric tracking task is driven by the availability of information for error correction and the interactive influence of perceptual-motor constraints.
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18
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Abstract
Developing formalisms to determine force capabilities of human limbs by using musculoskeletal models could be useful for biomechanical and ergonomic applications. In this framework, the purpose of this study was to compare measured maximal isometric force capabilities at the hand in a set of Cartesian directions with forces computed from a musculoskeletal model of the upper-limb. The results were represented under the form of a measured force polytope (MFP) and a musculoskeletal force polytope (MSFP). Both of them were obtained from the convex hull of measured and simulated force vectors endpoints. Nine subjects participated to the experiment. For one posture recorded with an optoelectronic system, maximum isometric forces exerted at the hand were recorded in twenty six directions of the Cartesian space with a triaxial force sensor. Results showed significant differences between the polytopes global shapes. The MSFP was more elongated than the MFP. Concerning the polytopes volumes, no significant difference was found. Mean maximal isometric forces provided by MFP and MSFP were 509.6 (118.4)N and 627.9 (73.3)N respectively. Moreover, the angle between the main axes of the two polytopes was 5.5 (2.3)° on average. Finally, RMS error values between MFP and MSFP were lower than 100N in 88% of the considered directions. The proposed MSFP based on a musculoskeletal model gave interesting information on optimal force orientation parameters. The possible applications in the frame of ergonomics, rehabilitation and biomechanics are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hernandez
- HandiBio-EA 4322-Université de Toulon, Toulon-Var, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France.
| | - Nasser Rezzoug
- HandiBio-EA 4322-Université de Toulon, Toulon-Var, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Gorce
- HandiBio-EA 4322-Université de Toulon, Toulon-Var, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France
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19
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King AC, Newell KM. Selective visual scaling of time-scale processes facilitates broadband learning of isometric force frequency tracking. Atten Percept Psychophys 2015; 77:2507-18. [PMID: 26041272 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-015-0936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The experiment investigated the effect of selectively augmenting faster time scales of visual feedback information on the learning and transfer of continuous isometric force tracking tasks to test the generality of the self-organization of 1/f properties of force output. Three experimental groups tracked an irregular target pattern either under a standard fixed gain condition or with selectively enhancement in the visual feedback display of intermediate (4-8 Hz) or high (8-12 Hz) frequency components of the force output. All groups reduced tracking error over practice, with the error lowest in the intermediate scaling condition followed by the high scaling and fixed gain conditions, respectively. Selective visual scaling induced persistent changes across the frequency spectrum, with the strongest effect in the intermediate scaling condition and positive transfer to novel feedback displays. The findings reveal an interdependence of the timescales in the learning and transfer of isometric force output frequency structures consistent with 1/f process models of the time scales of motor output variability.
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20
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King AC, Newell KM. Practice and transfer of the frequency structures of continuous isometric force. Hum Mov Sci 2014; 34:28-40. [PMID: 24704802 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the learning, retention and transfer of task outcome and the frequency-dependent properties of isometric force output dynamics. During practice participants produced isometric force to a moderately irregular target pattern either under a constant or variable presentation. Immediate and delayed retention tests examined the persistence of practice-induced changes of force output dynamics and transfer tests investigated performance to novel (low and high) irregular target patterns. The results showed that both constant and variable practice conditions exhibited similar reductions in task error but that the frequency-dependent properties were differentially modified across the entire bandwidth (0-12Hz) of force output dynamics as a function of practice. Task outcome exhibited persistent properties on the delayed retention test whereas the retention of faster time scales processes (i.e., 4-12Hz) of force output was mediated as a function of frequency structure. The structure of the force frequency components during early practice and following a rest interval was characterized by an enhanced emphasis on the slow time scales related to perceptual-motor feedback. The findings support the proposition that there are different time scales of learning at the levels of task outcome and the adaptive frequency bandwidths of force output dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C King
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
| | - Karl M Newell
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, USA
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21
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Meamarbashi A. Instant effects of peppermint essential oil on the physiological parameters and exercise performance. Avicenna J Phytomed 2014; 4:72-8. [PMID: 25050303 PMCID: PMC4103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effect of peppermint on exercise performance was previously investigated but equivocal findings exist. This study aimed to investigate the effects of peppermint ingestion on the physiological parameters and exercise performance after 5 min and 1 h. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty healthy male university students were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Maximum isometric grip force, vertical and long jumps, spirometric parameters, visual and audio reaction times, blood pressure, heart rate, and breath rate were recorded three times: before, five minutes, and one hour after single dose oral administration of peppermint essential oil (50 µl). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Our results revealed significant improvement in all of the variables after oral administration of peppermint essential oil. Experimental group compared with control group showed an incremental and a significant increase in the grip force (36.1%), standing vertical jump (7.0%), and standing long jump (6.4%). Data obtained from the experimental group after five minutes exhibited a significant increase in the forced vital capacity in first second (FVC1)(35.1%), peak inspiratory flow rate (PIF) (66.4%), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) (65.1%), whereas after one hour, only PIF shown a significant increase as compare with the baseline and control group. At both times, visual and audio reaction times were significantly decreased. Physiological parameters were also significantly improved after five minutes. A considerable enhancement in the grip force, spiromery, and other parameters were the important findings of this study. Conclusion : An improvement in the spirometric measurements (FVC1, PEF, and PIF) might be due to the peppermint effects on the bronchial smooth muscle tonicity with or without affecting the lung surfactant. Yet, no scientific evidence exists regarding isometric force enhancement in this novel study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Meamarbashi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, I. R. Iran ,Corresponding Author: Tel: +984515512081-9, Fax +984515516402,
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22
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Nasseroleslami B, Lakany H, Conway BA. EEG signatures of arm isometric exertions in preparation, planning and execution. Neuroimage 2013; 90:1-14. [PMID: 24355482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The electroencephalographic (EEG) activity patterns in humans during motor behaviour provide insight into normal motor control processes and for diagnostic and rehabilitation applications. While the patterns preceding brisk voluntary movements, and especially movement execution, are well described, there are few EEG studies that address the cortical activation patterns seen in isometric exertions and their planning. In this paper, we report on time and time-frequency EEG signatures in experiments in normal subjects (n=8), using multichannel EEG during motor preparation, planning and execution of directional centre-out arm isometric exertions performed at the wrist in the horizontal plane, in response to instruction-delay visual cues. Our observations suggest that isometric force exertions are accompanied by transient and sustained event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related (de-)synchronisations (ERD/ERS), comparable to those of a movement task. Furthermore, the ERPs and ERD/ERS are also observed during preparation and planning of the isometric task. Comparison of ear-lobe-referenced and surface Laplacian ERPs indicates the contribution of superficial sources in supplementary and pre-motor (FC(z)), parietal (CP(z)) and primary motor cortical areas (C₁ and FC₁) to ERPs (primarily negative peaks in frontal and positive peaks in parietal areas), but contribution of deep sources to sustained time-domain potentials (negativity in planning and positivity in execution). Transient and sustained ERD patterns in μ and β frequency bands of ear-lobe-referenced and surface Laplacian EEG indicate the contribution of both superficial and deep sources to ERD/ERS. As no physical displacement happens during the task, we can infer that the underlying mechanisms of motor-related ERPs and ERD/ERS patterns do not only depend on change in limb coordinate or muscle-length-dependent ascending sensory information and are primary generated by motor preparation, direction-dependent planning and execution of isometric motor tasks. The results contribute to our understanding of the functions of different brain regions during voluntary motor tasks and their activity signatures in EEG can shed light on the relationships between large-scale recordings such as EEG and other recordings such as single unit activity and fMRI in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Nasseroleslami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW Scotland, UK.
| | - Heba Lakany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW Scotland, UK.
| | - Bernard A Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW Scotland, UK.
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Mista CA, Salomoni SE, Graven-Nielsen T. Spatial reorganisation of muscle activity correlates with change in tangential force variability during isometric contractions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 24:37-45. [PMID: 24321699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of spatial reorganisation of muscle activity on task-related and tangential components of force variability during sustained contractions. Three-dimensional forces were measured from isometric elbow flexion during submaximal contractions (50s, 5-50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)) and total excursion of the centre of pressure was extracted. Spatial electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the biceps brachii muscle. The centroids of the root mean square (RMS) EMG and normalised mutual information (NMI) maps were computed to assess spatial muscle activity and spatial relationship between EMG and task-related force variability, respectively. Result showed that difference between the position of the centroids at the beginning and at the end of the contraction of the RMS EMG and the NMI maps were different in the medial-lateral direction (P<0.05), reflecting that muscle regions modulate their activity without necessarily modulating the contribution to the task-related force variability over time. Moreover, this difference between shifts of the centroids was positively correlated with the total excursion of the centre of pressure at the higher levels of contractions (>30% MVC, R(2)>0.30, P<0.05), suggesting that changes in spatial muscle activity could impact on the modulation of tangential forces. Therefore, within-muscle adaptations do not necessarily increase force variability, and this interaction can be quantified by analysing the RMS EMG and the NMI map centroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Mista
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Sauro E Salomoni
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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Abstract
Objectives The most prevalent disorders of the shoulder are related to the
muscles of rotator cuff. In order to develop a mechanical method
for the evaluation of the rotator cuff muscles, we created a database
of isometric force generation by the rotator cuff muscles in normal
adult population. We hypothesised the existence of variations according
to age, gender and dominancy of limb. Methods A total of 400 healthy adult volunteers were tested, classified
into groups of 50 men and women for each decade of life. Maximal
isometric force was measured at standardised positions for supraspinatus,
infraspinatus and subscapularis muscles in both shoulders in every
person. Torque of the force was calculated and normalised to lean body
mass. The profiles of mean torque-time curves for each age and gender
group were compared. Results Our data showed that men gradually gained maximal strength in
the fifth decade, and showed decreased strength in the sixth. In
women the maximal strength was gained in the fourth decade with
gradual decline to the sixth decade of life. The dominant arm was
stronger in most of the tested groups. The torque profiles of the
rotator cuff muscles in men at all ages were significantly higher
than that in women. Conclusions We found previously unrecognised variations of rotator cuff muscles’
isometric strength according to age, gender and dominancy in a normal
population. The presented data may serve as a basis for the future
studies for identification of the abnormal patterns of muscle isometric
strength in patients with pathology of the rotator cuff muscles. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:214–19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chezar
- Haemek Medical Center, OrthopaedicSurgery Department, Afula, Israel
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