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Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in the neonatal population. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:155-165. [PMID: 35920277 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174422000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The consistently high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has urged the need for punctual and effective prevention. Extended research on this specific area has demonstrated the influence of fetal and neonatal periods on the risk of developing CVD in adulthood. Thus, the role of traditional and novel biological markers to the effective screening of CVD among the neonatal population is widely investigated. The objective of the present narrative review is to examine those neonatal biomarkers that may play a role in the development of CVD, to exhibit scientific data that appertain to their association with various perinatal conditions leading to CVD predisposition, and their potential role on prediction and prevention strategies. Multiple biomarkers, traditional and novel, have been mined across the studied literature. Adiposity, insulin resistance, altered lipid profile, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction seem among the headliners of CVD. Even though various novel molecules have been studied, their clinical utility remains controversial. Therefore, it is quite important for the scientific community to find elements with strong predictive value and practical clinical use.
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Relationship between changes of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in advanced pregnancy and the risk of neonatal small for gestational age in healthy full-term puerpera. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:462-469. [PMID: 37202097 PMCID: PMC10264996 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between changes in blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in advanced pregnancy and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) in healthy full-term pregnant women. METHODS In this retrospective nested case-control study, pregnant women who got antenatal visits and experienced a healthy full-term delivery in Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2017 were enrolled. From the cohort, 249 women delivered SGA infants with completed clinical data were set as SGA group, 996 women who delivered normal neonates were randomly selected as matched controls (1∶4). The data of baseline characteristics, the HDL-C levels in 24 th-27 th week and after 37 th week were collected, the average HDL-C changes every four weeks in the third trimester (ΔHDL-C) were calculated. Paired t test was used to compare the differences of HDL-C and ΔHDL-C between cases and controls, and a conditional logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association between ΔHDL-C and the risk of SGA. RESULTS HDL-C levels after the 37 th week in both groups were lower than those in mid-pregnancy (ΔHDL-C<0 and P<0.05 for both groups), while the ΔHDL-C levels in SGA group were significantly higher ( P<0.05). Compared with women with low ΔHDL-C, the risk of SGA was higher for women with middle and high ΔHDL-C ( OR=1.74, 95% CI:1.22-2.50; OR=2.48, 95% CI:1.65-3.70, both P<0.05). CONCLUSION In healthy full-term pregnant women, the risk of SGA is associated with the HDL-C changing trend, HDL-C level decreasing slowly or even raising in the third trimester indicate that SGA may be likely to occur.
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Association between maternal blood lipids levels during pregnancy and risk of small-for-gestational-age infants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19865. [PMID: 33199750 PMCID: PMC7669834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia in pregnancy are associated with risk of adverse outcomes. As an adverse pregnancy outcome, small-for-gestational-age has been extensively studied in Western countries. However, similar studies have rarely been conducted in Asian countries. Data were derived from 5695 pairs of non-diabetic mothers and neonates between 1 Jan 2014 and 31 Dec 2014. 5.6% neonates in our study were SGA. Serum samples were collected during second and third trimesters for evaluation on fasting lipids levels. The present study intended to explore the associations between maternal lipid profile and small-for-gestational-age neonates. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and adjusted via logistic regression analysis. After adjustments for confounders, third-trimester total cholesterol levels were associated with a decreased risk for small-for-gestational-age (aOR = 0.622, 95% CI 0.458–0.848, P = 0.002), and third-trimester high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were associated with an increased risk for small-for-gestational-age (aOR = 1.955, 95% CI 1.465–2.578, P < 0.001; aOR = 1.403, 95% CI 1.014–1.944, P = 0.041).In the highest gestational weight gain strata, especially the third-trimester, the effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels on the risk for small-for-gestational-age is larger. High high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level during third trimester could be considered as indicators of a high-risk of small-for-gestational-age, regardless of gestational weight gain.
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Associations between maternal serum HDL-c concentrations during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight: a population-based cohort study. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:93. [PMID: 32410711 PMCID: PMC7227214 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the associations between maternal serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) throughout pregnancy and neonatal birth weight (BW) and small for gestational age (SGA) births. Methods A prospective cohort of 2241 pregnant women was followed from recruitment to delivery in three hospitals in Beijing, China between January 2014 and December 2017. Maternal fasting serum lipids concentrations were measured at gestational week 6–12, 16, 24 and 36. Major outcome was neonatal BW. The associations between maternal HDL-c and BW were estimated by linear regression and linear mixed-effects models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals of SGA births in relation to HDL-c were evaluated via logistic regression analysis. Results There was a tendency that mothers with higher HDL-c concentrations throughout gestation gave birth to infants with lower BW. A negative association was found between maternal HDL-c concentrations and BW at 24th and 36th gestational weeks (B = − 34.044, P = 0.034; B = − 53.528, P = 0.000). The HDL-c trend of change was inversely associated with BW (B = − 442.736, P = 0.000). Mothers with SGA neonates had higher serum HDL-c concentration at the 36th gestational week (P < 0.01). The incidences of SGA in the three groups (HDL-c: 1.84–2.23 mmol/L, 2.24–2.59 mmol/L and ≥ 2.60 mmol/L) were higher than the group with the lowest concentration of HDL-c (< 1.83 mmol/L) (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.001) at 36th week. Higher maternal HDL-c concentrations at 36th week (HDL-c: 1.84–2.23 mmol/L, 2.24–2.59 mmol/L and ≥ 2.60 mmol/L) were positively associated with the incidence of SGA (OR = 1.900, P = 0.008; OR = 1.893, P = 0.008; OR = 1.975, P = 0.004). The HDL-c trend of change was positively associated with SGA births (OR = 9.772, P = 0.000). Conclusions Maternal serum HDL-c concentrations were inversely associated with BW at 24th and 36th gestational weeks. The high concentrations of HDL-c at the 36th gestational week increased the risk of SGA. The maternal HDL-c trend of change across pregnancy was associated with smaller neonatal size.
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Maternal and fetal blood lipid concentrations during pregnancy differ by maternal body mass index: findings from the ROLO study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:360. [PMID: 29037224 PMCID: PMC5644148 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is a time of altered metabolic functioning and maternal blood lipid profiles change to accommodate the developing fetus. While these changes are physiologically necessary, blood lipids concentrations have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension and high birth weight. As blood lipids are not routinely measured during pregnancy, there is limited information on what is considered normal during pregnancy and in fetal blood. Methods Data from 327 mother-child pairs from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study were analysed. Fasting total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in early and late pregnancy and fetal cord blood. Intervals were calculated using the 2.5th, 50th and 97.5th centile. Data was stratified based on maternal body mass index (BMI) measured during early pregnancy. Differences in blood lipids between BMI categories were explored using ANOVA and infant outcomes of macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) were explored using independent student T-tests and binary logistic regression. Results All maternal blood lipid concentrations increased significantly from early to late pregnancy. In early pregnancy, women with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 had lower concentrations of total cholesterol compared to women with a BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2 (P = 0.02). With triglycerides, women in the obese category (BMI > 30 kg/m2) had higher concentrations than both women in the normal-weight and overweight category in early and late pregnancy (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). In late pregnancy, triglyceride concentrations remained elevated in women in the obese category compared to women in the normal-weight category (P = 0.01). Triglyceride concentrations were also elevated in late pregnancy in mothers that then gave birth to infants with macrosomia and LGA (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion Blood lipid concentrations increase during pregnancy and differ by maternal BMI. These intervals could help to inform the development of references for blood lipid concentrations during pregnancy. Trial registration ROLO Study - ISRCTN54392969. Date of registration: 22/04/2009.
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Cord and maternal sera from small neonates share dysfunctional lipoproteins with proatherogenic properties: Evidence for Barker's hypothesis. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1318-1328.e3. [PMID: 28966080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (GR) is associated with perinatal mortality and subsequent metabolic disorders in adulthood. Until now, there is little information regarding changes in the properties of lipoproteins from growth-restricted fetuses and their maternal sera. OBJECTIVE To identify unique lipoprotein biomarkers for fetal GR in maternal and cord sera from small neonates, we analyzed lipoprotein compositions and functions. METHODS Lipoprotein compositions and functions were compared between cord blood and maternal blood among small for gestational age neonates (SGA; n = 15, 2589 ± 50 g) and appropriate for gestational age neonates (AGA; n = 15) in Korea. RESULTS Cord blood from the SGA group showed 2-fold higher triglyceride (TG) and TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the AGA group as well as significantly lower (up to 20%) paraoxonase activity and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I content. The SGA group showed the highest cholesteryl ester transfer protein activities in both cord and maternal sera. SGA neonates showed elevated apo-B content in very low-density lipoprotein, 52% reduction of apo A-I content in high-density lipoprotein, and 30% increased glycation (P < .001) compared with AGA neonates. Especially, low-density lipoprotein from the SGA group showed 1.9-fold higher sensitivity to oxidation as well as 3-fold greater uptake into macrophages, suggesting stronger proatherosclerotic properties. Lipoproteins from maternal serum of SGA neonates showed greater oxidation along with TG enrichment and loss of antioxidant ability. On microinjection of cord serum (50 nL) into zebrafish embryos, the SGA group showed the most severe embryonic damage. CONCLUSIONS Lipoproteins from cord and maternal sera of SGA neonates resulted in severe impairment of functional and structural correlations accompanied by greater pro-oxidant and proatherosclerotic properties.
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Response to the letter from Okada et al. J Clin Lipidol 2013; 7:532. [PMID: 24079294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maternal lipids and small for gestational age birth at term. J Pediatr 2013; 163:983-8. [PMID: 23810722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare maternal lipid and lipoprotein concentrations between small for gestational age (SGA) infants and infants with normal growth born at term. STUDY DESIGN This was a case-control study nested within a large (n = 5337) prospective multicenter cohort of pregnant women followed to delivery. SGA cases (n = 323) were all term infants with birth weight below the 10th percentile for their gestational age and sex. Controls (n = 671) were selected at random from term infants with birth weight between the 25th and 75th percentiles. Plasma samples obtained at 24-26 weeks were analyzed for lipoproteins using a recently developed nuclear magnetic resonance-based procedure that distinguishes high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein particles of different sizes. Apolipoprotein A-1 and C-II levels were analyzed using turbidimetric methods. RESULTS Compared with controls, mothers of SGA cases had significantly higher mean concentrations of total HDL particles, medium and small HDL particles, and apolipoprotein A-1, with evidence of a dose-response relationship across quartiles of the control distribution. aORs for the highest quartiles were 2.8 (95% CI, 1.7-4.5) for total HDL particles and 3.1 (95% CI, 1.9-5.0) for apolipoprotein A-1. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the higher HDL particle and apolipoprotein A-1 concentrations in mothers of SGA cases may reflect defective placental transport of HDL, which could compromise cholesterol uptake by the developing fetus.
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Early prediction of macrosomia based on an analysis of second trimester amniotic fluid by capillary electrophoresis. Biomark Med 2013; 6:655-62. [PMID: 23075245 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify, using capillary electrophoresis and chemometrics, early biomarkers in human amniotic fluid of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants. MATERIALS & METHODS Second trimester amniotic fluid samples, obtained from mothers undergoing age-related amniocentesis, were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Electropherogram data were aligned using correlation-optimized warping. A genetic algorithm using a Bayesian evaluation function and a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy for two birth outcomes: appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) versus LGA infants. RESULTS LGA (n = 23) was differentiated from AGA (n = 86) with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98% using only two wavelets. The first wavelet is associated with albumin and the second wavelet with an unknown small molecule. CONCLUSION The approach developed herein allows LGA fetuses to be metabolically distinguished from AGA fetuses early in pregnancy and indicates that the birth of a LGA infant is already associated with an altered biochemical profile by the second trimester.
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Abstract
AIMS We discovered that some adults with coronary heart disease (CHD) have a high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass which induces human aortic smooth muscle cell (ASMC) apoptosis in vitro. The purpose of this investigation was to determine what properties differentiate apoptotic and non-apoptotic HDL subclasses in adults with and without CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS Density gradient ultracentrifugation was used to measure the particle density distribution and to isolate two HDL subclass fractions, HDL2 and HDL3, from 21 individuals, including 12 without CHD. The HDL fractions were incubated with ASMCs for 24 h; apoptosis was quantitated relative to C2-ceramide and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The observed effect of some HDL subclasses on apoptosis was ∼6-fold greater than TNF-α and ∼16-fold greater than the cell medium. We observed that apoptotic HDL was (i) predominately associated with the HDL2 subclass; (ii) almost exclusively found in individuals with a higher apoC-I serum level and a novel, higher molecular weight isoform of apoC-I; and (iii) more common in adults with CHD, the majority of whom had high (>60 mg/dL) HDL-C levels. CONCLUSIONS Some HDL subclasses enriched in a novel isoform of apoC-I induce extensive ASMC apoptosis in vitro. Individuals with this apoptotic HDL phenotype generally have higher apoC-I and HDL-C levels consistent with an inhibitory effect of apoC-I on cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. The association of this phenotype with processes that can promote plaque rupture may explain a source of CHD risk not accounted for by the classical risk factors.
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Interrelationships between the concentration and size of the largest high-density lipoprotein subfraction and apolipoprotein C-I in infants at birth and follow-up at 2-3 months of age and their parents. J Clin Lipidol 2012; 7:29-37. [PMID: 23351580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein subfractions in infants may predict the risk of cardiovascular disease factors in children. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between lipid and nonlipid factors and lipoprotein subfractions in infants at birth and follow-up (FU) and in their parents. METHODS Prospective study in a community-based hospital of 103 families ascertained through a pregnant mother at 36 weeks gestation or older. Of 103 infants studied at birth, 85 were sampled at FU at 2-3 months of age, along with 76 fathers. Lipids, lipoproteins, and their subclasses were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Correlations of lipid-related parameters were calculated using Spearman rank correlations. RESULTS Female gender in infants and use of formula only were the only nonlipid variables associated with lipoprotein subfractions. LDL parameters were significantly correlated between infants at birth and FU. The largest high-density lipoprotein subfraction, H5C, was the only lipid variable significantly associated between mothers and infants at birth. Paternal low-density lipoprotein size was significantly correlated with that of infants at FU but not at birth. In each of the four groups, markedly inverse interrelationships were found between H5C and small LDL particles. At birth and at FU, apoC-I was strongly related with H5C but not TG. Conversely, apoC-I in the parents was strongly related with TG but not H5C. CONCLUSION Significant relationships were found between lipoprotein subfractions within infants at birth and FU and their parents. ApoC-I and H5C levels very early in life may affect the development of dyslipidemia and obesity in childhood.
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Early postnatal changes of lipoprotein subclass profile in late preterm infants. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 413:109-12. [PMID: 21963460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late preterm infants (LPIs; 34-37 gestational weeks at birth) have higher risk for several morbidities than do term infants (TIs). It has been suggested that a cholesterol and fatty acid supply may improve their outcomes. We investigated the lipoprotein subclass profile in LPIs to evaluate their early postnatal lipid metabolism. METHODS Eighty-one infants (25 LPIs, 56 TIs) were included. Cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in 12 lipoprotein subclasses were measured at birth and at 1 month using HPLC. RESULTS In LPIs, the cord blood exhibited higher cholesterol concentrations in medium and large subclasses of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to the values in TIs. During the first month of life, LPIs had greater increases in cholesterol concentrations of medium and large subclasses of VLDL than TIs, whereas postnatal increases in cholesterol concentrations of medium and large subclasses of LDL and HDL were smaller. TG concentrations were not different in each VLDL subclass at birth and at 1 month. CONCLUSIONS In LPIs, cord blood lipoprotein subclass profiles and the early postnatal change exhibited different, especially in cholesterol concentrations.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) appears to be the dominant lipoprotein particle in human follicular fluid (FF). The reported anti-atherogenic properties of HDL have been attributed in part to reverse cholesterol transport. The discoveries of the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and the ATP-binding cassette A1 lipid (ABCA1) transporter have generated studies aimed at unraveling the pathways of HDL biogenesis, remodeling and catabolism. The production of SR-BI and ABCA1 knockout mice as well as other lipoprotein metabolism-associated mutants has resulted in reduced or absent fertility, leading us to postulate the existence of a human hepatic-ovarian HDL-associated axis of fertility. Here, we review an evolving literature on the role of HDL metabolism on mammalian fertility and oocyte development. METHODS An extensive online search was conducted of published articles relevant to the section topics discussed. All relevant English language articles contained in Pubmed/Medline, with no specific time frame for publication, were considered for this narrative review. Cardiovascular literature was highly cited due to the wealth of relevant knowledge on HDL metabolism, and the dearth thereof in the reproductive field. RESULTS Various vertebrate models demonstrate a role for HDL in embryo development and fertility. In our clinical studies, FF levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI levels were negatively associated with embryo fragmentation, but not with embryo cell cleavage rate. However, the HDL component, paraoxonase 1 arylesterase activity, was positively associated with embryo cell cleavage rate. CONCLUSIONS HDL contributes to intra-follicular cholesterol homeostasis which appears to be important for successful oocyte and embryo development.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate natural change of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) profile during the neonatal period and the impact of gestational age and birth weight on those changes. STUDY DESIGN We measured lipid composition in LDL fraction, LDL particle size and apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentration at birth, 5 days of age and 1 month of age in 63 healthy neonates that had 37 to 41-week gestational age. RESULT Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoB concentrations increased from birth to 5 days of age, and the concentration persisted at 1 month in breast-fed and mixed-fed infants. However, in formula-fed infants, the concentration decreased at 1 month. At 5 days of age, neonates had larger and more triglyceride (TG)-rich LDL particles than at birth. At 1 month of age, LDL particles were smaller and more cholesterol rich than at 5 days of age. Single regression analyses showed that gestational age had influenced the LDL profile at birth and 5 days of age, while at 1 month milk determined the profile. CONCLUSION The number of LDL particles increased rapidly during the first 5 days of life, and the composition of LDL particles is modulated by TG content throughout the neonatal period. Gestational age and milk, rather than birth weight, determine postnatal changes in LDL profile.
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Heterogeneity of high-density lipoprotein in cord blood and its postnatal change. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 389:93-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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UC/MALDI-MS analysis of HDL; evidence for density-dependent post-translational modifications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 268:227-233. [PMID: 19050741 PMCID: PMC2211723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the nature of the post-translational modifications of the major apolipoproteins of HDL is different for density-distinct subclasses. These subclasses were separated by ultracentrifugation using a novel density-forming solute to yield a high-resolution separation. The serum of two subjects, a control with a normolipidemic profile and a subject with diagnosed cardiovascular disease, was studied. Aliquots of three HDL subclasses were analyzed by MALDI and considerable differences were seen when comparing density-distinct subclasses and also when comparing the two subjects. A detailed analysis of the post-translational modification pattern of apoA-1 shows evidence of considerable protease activity, particularly in the more dense fractions. We conclude that part of the heterogeneity of the population of HDL particles is due to density-dependent protease activity.
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