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Marko M, Singh N, Ospel JM, Uchida K, Almekhlafi MA, Demchuk AM, Nogueira RG, McTaggart RA, Poppe AY, Rempel JL, Tymianski M, Hill MD, Goyal M, Menon BK. Symptomatic Non-stenotic Carotid Disease in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source : Analysis of the ESCAPE-NA1 Trial. Clin Neuroradiol 2024; 34:333-339. [PMID: 38108829 PMCID: PMC11130033 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-023-01365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-stenotic (< 50%) carotid disease may play an important etiological role in ischemic stroke classified as embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). We aimed to assess the prevalence of non-stenotic carotid disease and its association with ipsilateral ischemic stroke. METHODS Data are from ESCAPE-NA1, a randomized controlled trial investigating the neuroprotectant nerinetide in patients with acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO). The degree of stenosis of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and high-risk plaque features were assessed on baseline computed tomography (CT) angiography. We evaluated the association of non-stenotic carotid disease and ipsilateral stroke by age-adjusted and sex-adjusted logistic regression and calculated the attributable risk of ipsilateral stroke caused by non-stenotic carotid disease. RESULTS After excluding patients with non-assessable imaging, symptomatic > 50% carotid stenosis and extracranial dissection, 799/1105 (72.1%) patients enrolled in ESCAPE-NA1 remained for this analysis. Of these, 127 (15.9%) were classified as ESUS. Non-stenotic carotid disease occurred in 34/127 ESUS patients (26.8%) and was associated with the presence of ipsilateral ischemic stroke (odds ratio, OR 1.6, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.0-2.6, p = 0.049). The risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke attributable to non-stenotic carotid disease in ESUS was estimated to be 19.7% (95% CI -5.7% to 39%), the population attributable risk was calculated as 4.3%. Imaging features such as plaque thickness, plaque irregularity or plaque ulceration were not different between non-stenotic carotids with vs. without ipsilateral stroke. CONCLUSION Non-stenotic carotid disease frequently occurs in patients classified as ESUS and is associated with ipsilateral ischemic stroke. Our findings support the role of non-stenotic carotid disease as stroke etiology in ESUS, but further prospective research is needed to prove a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Marko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nishita Singh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Johanna M Ospel
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kazutaka Uchida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Mohammed A Almekhlafi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew M Demchuk
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Raul G Nogueira
- Emory University School of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ryan A McTaggart
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexandre Y Poppe
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael D Hill
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mayank Goyal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bijoy K Menon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Liu B, Xue C, Lu H, Wang C, Duan S, Yang H. CT texture analysis of vertebrobasilar artery calcification to identify culprit plaques. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1381370. [PMID: 38803646 PMCID: PMC11128659 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1381370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to extract radiomic features from vertebrobasilar artery calcification (VBAC) on head computed tomography (CT) images and investigate its diagnostic performance to identify culprit lesions responsible for acute cerebral infarctions. Methods Patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease who underwent vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) and head CT examinations from a single center were retrospectively assessed for VBAC visual and textural analyses. Each calcified plaque was classified by the likelihood of having caused an acute cerebral infarction identified on VW-MRI as culprit or non-culprit. A predefined set of texture features extracted from VBAC segmentation was assessed using the minimum redundancy and maximum relevance method. Five key features were selected to integrate as a radiomic model using logistic regression by the Aikaike Information Criteria. The diagnostic value of the radiomic model was calculated for discriminating culprit lesions over VBAC visual assessments. Results A total of 1,218 radiomic features were extracted from 39 culprit and 50 non-culprit plaques, respectively. In the VBAC visual assessment, culprit plaques demonstrated more observed presence of multiple calcifications, spotty calcification, and intimal predominant calcification than non-culprit lesions (all p < 0.05). In the VBAC texture analysis, 55 (4.5%) of all extracted features were significantly different between culprit and non-culprit plaques (all p < 0.05). The radiomic model incorporating 5 selected features outperformed multiple calcifications [AUC = 0.81 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.72, 0.90 vs. AUC = 0.61 with 95% CI of 0.49, 0.73; p = 0.001], intimal predominant calcification (AUC = 0.67 with 95% CI of 0.58, 0.76; p = 0.04) and spotty calcification (AUC = 0.62 with 95% CI of 0.52, 0.72; p = 0.005) in the identification of culprit lesions. Conclusion Culprit plaques in the vertebrobasilar artery exhibit distinct calcification radiomic features compared to non-culprit plaques. CT texture analysis of VBAC has potential value in identifying lesions responsible for acute cerebral infarctions, which may be helpful for stroke risk stratification in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Xue
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Haoyu Lu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiyan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Huan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Castro R, Gullette S, Whalen C, Mattie FJ, Ge X, Ross AC, Neuberger T. High-field magnetic resonance microscopy of aortic plaques in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 36:887-896. [PMID: 37421501 PMCID: PMC10667155 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pre-clinical models of human atherosclerosis are extensively used; however, traditional histological methods do not allow for a holistic view of vascular lesions. We describe an ex-vivo, high-resolution MRI method that allows the 3 dimensional imaging of the vessel for aortic plaque visualization and quantification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aortas from apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice fed an atherogenic diet (group 1) or a control diet (group 2) were subjected to 14 T MR imaging using a 3D gradient echo sequence. The obtained data sets were reconstructed (Matlab), segmented, and analyzed (Avizo). The aortas were further sectioned and subjected to traditional histological analysis (Oil-Red O and hematoxylin staining) for comparison. RESULTS A resolution up to 15 × 10x10 μm3 revealed that plaque burden (mm3) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group 1 (0.41 ± 0.25, n = 4) than in group 2 (0.01 ± 0.01, n = 3). The achieved resolution provided similar detail on the plaque and the vessel wall morphology compared with histology. Digital image segmentation of the aorta's lumen, plaque, and wall offered three-dimensional visualizations of the entire, intact aortas. DISCUSSION 14 T MR microscopy provided histology-like details of pathologically relevant vascular lesions. This work may provide the path research needs to take to enable plaque characterization in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, PA, 16802, University Park, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sean Gullette
- Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, Penn State University, PA, 16802, University Park, USA
| | - Courtney Whalen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, PA, 16802, University Park, USA
| | - Floyd J Mattie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, PA, 16802, University Park, USA
| | - Ximing Ge
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, PA, 16802, University Park, USA
| | - A Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, PA, 16802, University Park, USA
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, Penn State University, PA, 16802, University Park, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, PA, 16802, University Park, USA.
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Liu Z, Li Y, Cheng F, Zhou Y, Chen M, Ning C, Zhang B, Zhao Y. Homocysteine Combined with Apolipoprotein B as Serum Biomarkers for Predicting Carotid Atherosclerosis in the Oldest-Old. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1961-1972. [PMID: 38033754 PMCID: PMC10683658 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s428776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The measurement of serum biomarkers is a promising decision aid in the assessment of atherosclerosis. However, data on the levels and epidemiological distribution of serum biomarkers of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in the oldest-old are limited. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of CAS serum biomarkers in the oldest-old over 80 and explore their predictive value for CAS. Methods As part of the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study, a total of 1565 individuals over 80 years old were included. Atherosclerosis was assessed by carotid plaque and carotid intima-media thickness. Serum biomarker levels, demographic indicators, and physical examination indicators were detected. Prediction factors correlated to the CAS were explored by logistic regression and verified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Multivariate regression models were fitted, along with subgroup analysis and robustness tests. Results Among the oldest-old population, 83.5% (1306) had CAS. In a fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rhythm (HR), serum homocysteine (Hcy), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels were significantly and positively associated with CAS in the oldest-old (PS < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that the combination of serum Hcy, ApoB, SBP, and HR increased the predictive value for CAS in the oldest-old (area under the curve: 0.856, 95% CI: 0.803-0.879; sensitivity: 81.8%; specificity: 85.9%). Conclusion SBP, HR, Hcy and ApoB are independent risk factors for CAS in the oldest-old. The specific set of biomarkers and their combination with other risk markers may be a promising strategy for assessing CAS in the elderly, especially in global aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Transfusion Medicine Department, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoxue Ning
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingqi Zhang
- Ultrasound Diagnosis Department, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
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Liu Z, Deng B, Huang Q, Tu R, Yu F, Xia J, Feng J. Comparison of seven surrogate insulin resistance indexes for predicting the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in normal-weight individuals. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1241523. [PMID: 37719743 PMCID: PMC10501451 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1241523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between surrogate insulin resistance (IR) indexes and carotid atherosclerosis (CA) in normal-weight populations, as well as compared their ability to predict CA. Method A total of 26,795 middle-aged and older adult individuals with normal body weights were included. Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), TyG-body mass index, TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), visceral adiposity index, Chinese VAI (CVAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) were determined using established formulas. The associations between these surrogate indexes and CA were assessed using logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to compare the performance of these indexes for predicting CA. Result The levels of all seven surrogate indexes of IR were significantly higher in normal-weight individuals with CA than in those without CA (p < 0.001). In the full-adjusted model, only CVAI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR and LAP were significantly associated with CA, with the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of CA being 1.25 (1.20-1.30), 1.18 (1.14-1.23), 1.20 (1.16-1.25) and 1.25 (1.18-1.32) for each one standard deviation increase in CVAI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR and LAP, respectively. RCS analysis revealed a significant increase in the prevalence of CA among normal-weight individuals with CVAI >89.83, LAP >28.91, TyG-WHtR >4.42 and TyG-WC >704.93. The area under the curve for CVAI was significantly greater than for other indexes (p < 0.001). Conclusion CVAI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR and LAP were independently associated with the prevalence of CA. Specifically, CVAI may be the most appropriate predictor of CA in normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bi Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxin Tu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang J, Jin R, Jin X, Wu Z, Zhang H, Han Z, Xu Z, Liu Y, Zhao X, Guo X, Tao L. Separate and Joint Associations of Remnant Cholesterol Accumulation and Variability With Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023:e029352. [PMID: 37449561 PMCID: PMC10382085 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Background We aimed to examine separate and joint associations of remnant cholesterol (RC) accumulation and variability with the risk of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in the general population. Methods and Results A total of 6213 participants who underwent 3 sequential health examinations during 2010 to 2015 were enrolled and were followed up until December 31, 2021. Cumulative RC (cumRC) and RC variability among the 3 visits were the exposure of interest in our study. Adjusted Cox models were performed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. C-statistics, integrated discrimination improvement, and the net reclassification index were used to estimate the incremental predictive ability. During a median follow-up of 4.00 years, 2613 participants developed CAS. Higher cumRC (HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.17-1.52]) and greater RC variability (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.08-1.39]) were significantly associated with elevated risk of CAS, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to the median of cumRC and RC variability to assess their joint associations. Compared with "low cumRC and low variability," "high cumRC and high variability" had the highest risk of CAS, followed by "high cumRC and low variability" and "low cumRC and high variability." Finally, joint assessment of RC accumulation and variability had the significantly highest incremental effect on the predictive value of CAS versus single-time-point measures of RC. Conclusions Excessive cumRC levels and greater RC variability were each independently associated with higher incidence of CAS, and their coexistence could further yield significantly higher risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Rui Jin
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiaohan Jin
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Public Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University Perth Australia
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ze Han
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Zongkai Xu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yueruijing Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lixin Tao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
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Kumar A, Qiao Y, Wasserman B, Gabriel KP, Martinez-Amezcua P, Dooley EE, Diaz KM, Evenson KR, Sharrett AR, Zhang Y, Palta P. Association of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior with carotid atherosclerosis morphology: The ARIC carotid-MRI study. Am J Prev Cardiol 2023; 14:100505. [PMID: 37252440 PMCID: PMC10220308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2023.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We evaluated the prospective association of midlife leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and sedentary behavior (SB), and their temporal patterns, with MRI-measured carotid atherosclerotic morphology. Methods Participants enrolled in the Carotid MRI substudy (2004-2006) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and with self-reported assessments of LTPA and SB at visits 1 (1987-1989) and 3 (1993-1995) were included in this study. LTPA was ascertained using the ARIC/Baecke physical activity questionnaire and categorized according to the American Heart Association's metric of poor, intermediate, or ideal physical activity. SB, measured as TV viewing frequency, was categorized as high, medium, and low. We used multivariable adjusted linear and logistic regression models to examine the associations between midlife (visit 3 only) and persistent (visit 1 to 3) LTPA and TV viewing with carotid artery plaque burden and components. Results Among the 1,582 (mean age: 59 years, 43% male, 18% Black) participants, 45.7%, 21.7%, and 32.6% reported ideal, intermediate, or poor LTPA, respectively. High TV viewing was reported in 33.8% of participants, with 46.4% and 19.8% reporting medium or low TV viewing, respectively. Compared to poor LTPA, ideal LTPA in midlife was not associated with total wall volume (ß=0.01, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.03), maximum carotid wall thickness (ß=0.06, 95% CI: -0.08, 0.21), normalized wall index (ß=-0.01, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.01), or maximum stenosis (ß=-0.11, 95% CI: -1.98, 1.76). Low or middle, compared to high, TV viewing was also not associated with carotid artery measures of plaque burden. Compared to poor LTPA or high TV viewing, ideal LTPA (odds ratio (OR): 0.82, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.23) and low TV viewing (OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.56, 1.44) was not associated with odds of lipid core presence, respectively. Conclusion Overall, this study does not provide strong evidence for an association between LTPA and SB with carotid plaque measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Kumar
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, United States
| | - Ye Qiao
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bruce Wasserman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Pablo Martinez-Amezcua
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Erin E. Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Keith M. Diaz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Behavioral Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kelly R. Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - A. Richey Sharrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Priya Palta
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Mossa-Basha M, Yuan C, Wasserman BA, Mikulis DJ, Hatsukami TS, Balu N, Gupta A, Zhu C, Saba L, Li D, DeMarco JK, Lehman VT, Qiao Y, Jager HR, Wintermark M, Brinjikji W, Hess CP, Saloner DA. Survey of the American Society of Neuroradiology Membership on the Use and Value of Extracranial Carotid Vessel Wall MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1756-1761. [PMID: 36423951 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Extracranial vessel wall MRI (EC-VWI) contributes to vasculopathy characterization. This survey study investigated EC-VWI adoption by American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR) members and indications and barriers to implementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ASNR Vessel Wall Imaging Study Group survey on EC-VWI use, frequency, applications, MR imaging systems and field strength used, protocol development approaches, vendor engagement, reasons for not using EC-VWI, ordering provider interest, and impact on clinical care was distributed to the ASNR membership between April 2, 2019, to August 30, 2019. RESULTS There were 532 responses; 79 were excluded due to minimal, incomplete response and 42 due to redundant institutional responses, leaving 411 responses. Twenty-six percent indicated that their institution performed EC-VWI, with 66.3% performing it ≤1-2 times per month, most frequently on 3T MR imaging, with most using combined 3D and 2D protocols. Protocols most commonly included pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, TOF-MRA, and contrast-enhanced MRA. Inflammatory vasculopathy (63.3%), plaque vulnerability assessments (61.1%), intraplaque hemorrhage (61.1%), and dissection-detection/characterization (51.1%) were the most frequent applications. For those not performing EC-VWI, the reasons were a lack of ordering provider interest (63.9%), lack of radiologist time/interest (47.5%) or technical support (41.4%) for protocol development, and limited interpretation experience (44.9%) and knowledge of clinical applications (43.7%). Reasons given by 46.9% were that no providers approached radiology with interest in EC-VWI. If barriers were overcome, 51.1% of those not performing EC-VWI indicated they would perform it, and 40.6% were unsure; 48.6% did not think that EC-VWI had impacted patient management at their institution. CONCLUSIONS Only 26% of neuroradiology groups performed EC-VWI, most commonly due to limited clinician interest. Improved provider and radiologist education, protocols, processing techniques, technical support, and validation trials could increase adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mossa-Basha
- From the Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina .,Departments of Radiology (M.M.-B., N.B., C.Z.)
| | - C Yuan
- Department of Radiology (C.Y.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - B A Wasserman
- Department of Radiology (B.A.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Radiology (B.A.W., Y.Q.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - D J Mikulis
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging (D.J.M.), The University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T S Hatsukami
- Surgery (T.S.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - N Balu
- Departments of Radiology (M.M.-B., N.B., C.Z.)
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Radiology (A.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - C Zhu
- Departments of Radiology (M.M.-B., N.B., C.Z.)
| | - L Saba
- Department of Radiology (L.S.), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - D Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute (D.L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J K DeMarco
- Department of Radiology (J.K.D.), Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - V T Lehman
- Department of Radiology (V.T.L., W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Y Qiao
- Department of Radiology (B.A.W., Y.Q.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - H R Jager
- Neuroradiological Academic Unit (H.R.J.), Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Cancer Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - W Brinjikji
- Department of Radiology (V.T.L., W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - C P Hess
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (C.P.H., D.A.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - D A Saloner
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (C.P.H., D.A.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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9
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Pan J, Wang Z, Dong C, Yang B, Tang L, Jia P, Yang S, Zeng H. Association between obese phenotypes and risk of carotid artery plaque among chinese male railway drivers. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1859. [PMID: 36199053 PMCID: PMC9533504 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has the world's highest rail transportation network density, and the prevalence of obesity among railway workers in China is more than twice that of adults in the world. Carotid artery plaque (CAP) is a simple and noninvasive predictor of early atherosclerosis, while the association between different obese phenotypes and CAP risk among Chinese male railway drivers is unclear. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed among 8,645 Chinese male railway drivers. Obese phenotypes were assessed based on the obesity status (the body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m2 as obesity vs. < 28 kg/m2 as non-obesity) and metabolic status (metabolically healthy vs. metabolically unhealthy). Metabolically unhealthy was defined as the presence of at least one dysfunction, including elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose, elevated triglyceride, and reduced high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Four obese phenotypes were defined based on the body mass index and metabolic status, i.e., metabolically healthy non-obesity (MHNO), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), and metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (MUNO). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between different obese phenotypes and the risk of CAP. Subgroup analysis was performed to examine the variation of the association by age, circadian rhythm disorders, and history of smoking and drinking. RESULTS The prevalence of CAP among male railway drivers in MHO, MUO, MUNO, and MHNO was 8.75%, 18.67%, 17.82%, and 5.36%, respectively. Compared to those with MHNO, an increased risk for CAP was observed among those with MHO (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 0.82, 5.10), MUO (OR = 1.78, 95% CI:1.44, 2.21), and MUNO (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.67, 2.89). The subgroup analysis showed that both of the metabolically unhealthy groups (MUNO and MUO) aged < 45 years were prone to a higher risk of CAP (for the MUNO group, OR = 4.27, 95% CI:2.71, 7.10; for the MUO group, OR = 4.00, 95%CI: 2.26, 7.17). CONCLUSION The obese phenotypes are associated with CAP risk in male railway drivers, especially those with metabolically unhealthy conditions aged < 45 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Pan
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihang Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaohui Dong
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- International Institute of Spatial Health Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- International Institute of Spatial Health Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Honglian Zeng
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Identification of high-risk carotid plaque by using carotid perivascular fat density on computed tomography angiography. Eur J Radiol 2022; 150:110269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Georgakis MK, Parodi L, Frerich S, Mayerhofer E, Tsivgoulis G, Pirruccello JP, Slowik A, Rundek T. Genetic architecture of stroke of undetermined source: overlap with known stroke etiologies and associations with modifiable risk factors. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:640-651. [PMID: 35178771 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic stroke etiology remains undetermined in 30% of cases. We explored the genetic architecture of stroke classified as undetermined to test if mechanisms and risk factors underlying large-artery atherosclerotic (LAAS), cardioembolic (CES), and small-vessel stroke (SVS) contribute to its pathogenesis. METHODS We analyzed genome-wide data from 16,851 ischemic stroke cases and 32,473 controls. Using polygenic risk scores for LAAS, CES, and SVS we assessed the genetic overlap with stroke of undetermined source and used pairwise GWAS to search for shared loci. We then applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify potentially causal risk factors of stroke of undetermined source. RESULTS Genetic risk for LAS, CES, and SVS was associated with stroke of undetermined source pointing to overlap in their genetic architecture. Pairwise analyses revealed 19 shared loci with LAAS, 2 with CES, and 5 with SVS that have been implicated in atherosclerosis-related phenotypes. Genetic liability to both carotid atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation was associated with stroke of undetermined source, but the association with atrial fibrillation was attenuated after excluding cases with incomplete diagnostic workup. MR analyses showed effects of genetically determinants of blood pressure, diabetes, waist-to-hip ratio, inflammatory pathways (IL-6 signaling, MCP-1/CCL2 levels), and factor XI levels on stroke of undetermined source. INTERPRETATION Stroke of undetermined source shares genetic and vascular risk factors with other stroke subtypes, especially LAAS, thus highlighting the diagnostic limitations of current subtyping approaches. The potentially causal associations with carotid atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic risk factors might have implications for prevention strategies targeting these mechanisms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios K Georgakis
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Livia Parodi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon Frerich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Mayerhofer
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - James P Pirruccello
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian Uniwersity, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
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12
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Gimnich OA, Zil-E-Ali A, Brunner G. Imaging Approaches to the Diagnosis of Vascular Diseases. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:85-96. [PMID: 35080717 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-00988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vascular imaging is a complex field including numerous modalities and imaging markers. This review is focused on important and recent findings in atherosclerotic carotid artery plaque imaging with an emphasis on developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence shows that carotid plaque characteristics and not only established measures of carotid plaque burden and stenosis are associated independently with cardiovascular outcomes. On carotid MRI, the presence of a lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) has been associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events independent of wall thickness, a traditional measure of plaque burden. On carotid MRI, intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) presence has been identified as an independent predictor of stroke. The presence of a fissured carotid fibrous cap has been associated with contrast enhancement on CT angiography imaging. Carotid artery plaque characteristics have been associated with incident CVD events, and advanced plaque imaging techniques may gain additional prominence in the clinical treatment decision process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Gimnich
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ahsan Zil-E-Ali
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gerd Brunner
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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13
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Choi E, Byun E, Kwon SU, Kim N, Suh CH, Kwon H, Han Y, Kwon TW, Cho YP. Carotid Plaque Composition Assessed by CT Predicts Subsequent Cardiovascular Events among Subjects with Carotid Stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:2199-2206. [PMID: 34711554 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Currently, the characteristics of carotid plaques are considered important factors for identifying subjects at high risk of stroke. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that carotid plaque composition assessed by CTA is associated with an increased risk of future major adverse cardiovascular events among asymptomatic subjects with moderate-to-severe carotid artery stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-center, retrospective cohort study included 194 carotid plaques from 176 asymptomatic subjects with moderate-to-severe carotid artery stenosis. The association of CTA-determined plaque composition with the risk of subsequent adverse cardiovascular events was analyzed. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 41 months, the adverse cardiovascular event incidence among 194 carotid plaques was 19.6%. There were significant differences in plaque Hounsfield units (P < .001) and spotty calcium presence (P < .001) between carotid plaques from subjects with and without subsequent adverse cardiovascular events. Multivariable analysis revealed carotid plaque Hounsfield unit density (P < .001) and spotty calcium (P < .001) as independent predictors of subsequent adverse cardiovascular events. In association with moderate carotid artery stenosis, the plaque Hounsfield unit values were significantly lower among carotid plaques from subjects who experienced subsequent adverse cardiovascular events (P = .002), strokes (P = .01), and cardiovascular deaths (P = .04); the presence of spotty calcium was significantly associated with the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events (P = .001), acute coronary syndrome (P = .01), and cardiovascular death (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Carotid plaque Hounsfield unit density and spotty calcium were independent predictors of a greater risk of adverse cardiovascular event occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Choi
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
| | - E Byun
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
| | | | - N Kim
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.K.)
| | - C H Suh
- Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (C.H.S.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kwon
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
| | - Y Han
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
| | - T-W Kwon
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
| | - Y-P Cho
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
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14
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Zhou P, Wang Y, Sun J, Yu Y, Mossa-Basha M, Zhu C. Assessment of Therapeutic Response to Statin Therapy in Patients With Intracranial or Extracranial Carotid Atherosclerosis by Vessel Wall MRI: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:742935. [PMID: 34778404 PMCID: PMC8578267 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.742935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Statin therapy is an essential component of cardiovascular preventive care. In recent years, various vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) techniques have been used to monitor atherosclerosis progression or regression in patients with extracranial or intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of statin therapy on plaque evolution as assessed by VW-MRI. Materials and Methods: Prospective studies investigating carotid and intracranial atherosclerotic plaques in patients on statin therapy monitored by serial VW-MRI were systematically identified in the literature. The plaque burden and lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) volume of carotid plaque and the imaging features of intracranial plaques were extracted and summarized. For studies investigating carotid artery wall volume and LRNC volume, combined estimates were derived by meta-analysis. Results: The study identified 21 studies of carotid plaque and two studies of intracranial plaque. While 16 studies investigating carotid plaques that included 780 patients by High-resolution VW-MRI were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant change in carotid wall volume from baseline to 12 months. A significant change in LRNC volume was observed at > 12 months compared with baseline (Effect = −10.69, 95% CI = −19.11, −2.28, P < 0.01), while no significant change in LRNC volume at 3–6 months or 7–12 months after statin therapy initiation in 6 studies. Increases in fibrous tissue and calcium and reduction in neovascularization density of the plaque were seen in 2/3 studies (including 48/59 patients), 1/3 studies (including 17/54 patients), and 2/2 studies (including 71 patients) after statin therapy, respectively. Two studies with 257 patients in intracranial atherosclerosis showed that statins could effectively decrease wall volume and plaque enhancement volume. Conclusions: Collective data indicated that statins could potentially stabilize carotid plaques by significantly reducing LRNC with 1 year of therapy as shown on serial carotid VW-MRI. There was no significant decrease in wall volume, which nonetheless indicated that plaque composition changes might be more sensitive to response monitoring than wall volume. It is likely that more sensitive, clinically relevant, and preferably quantitative indicators of therapeutic effects on intracranial vessel plaque morphology will be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yannan Yu
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Mahmud Mossa-Basha
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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15
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Zhang S, Gu H, Yu X, Kang B, Yuan X, Wang X. Association Between Carotid Artery Perivascular Fat Density and Intraplaque Hemorrhage. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:735794. [PMID: 34616788 PMCID: PMC8488125 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.735794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Perivascular adipose tissue plays a key role in atherosclerosis, but its effects on the composition of carotid atherosclerotic plaques are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between inflammatory carotid artery and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in the carotid artery. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study. Carotid inflammation was assessed by perivascular fat density (PFD) in 72 participants (mean age, 65.1 years; 56 men) who underwent both computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 2 weeks. The presence of IPH was assessed with MRI. Carotid stenosis, maximum plaque thickness, calcification, and ulceration were evaluated through CTA. The association between PFD and the occurrence of IPH was studied using generalized estimating equations analysis. Results: Of 156 plaques, 72 plaques (46.2%) had IPH. Plaques with IPH showed higher PFD than those without [−41.4 ± 3.9 vs. −55.8 ± 6.5 Hounsfield unit (HU); p < 0.001]. After age, calcification, degree of stenosis, maximum plaque thickness, and ulceration were adjusted for, PFD (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.41–2.73; p < 0.001) was found to be strongly associated with the presence of IPH. Conclusions: A higher PFD is associated with the presence of IPH in the carotid artery. These findings may provide a novel marker to identify carotid IPH and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Kang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianshun Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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16
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Andelovic K, Winter P, Jakob PM, Bauer WR, Herold V, Zernecke A. Evaluation of Plaque Characteristics and Inflammation Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:185. [PMID: 33673124 PMCID: PMC7917750 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries, characterized by the growth of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). These plaques often develop at inner curvatures of arteries, branchpoints, and bifurcations, where the endothelial wall shear stress is low and oscillatory. In conjunction with other processes such as lipid deposition, biomechanical factors lead to local vascular inflammation and plaque growth. There is also evidence that low and oscillatory shear stress contribute to arterial remodeling, entailing a loss in arterial elasticity and, therefore, an increased pulse-wave velocity. Although altered shear stress profiles, elasticity and inflammation are closely intertwined and critical for plaque growth, preclinical and clinical investigations for atherosclerosis mostly focus on the investigation of one of these parameters only due to the experimental limitations. However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to be a potent tool which can be used to provide insights into a large range of biological parameters in one experimental session. It enables the evaluation of the dynamic process of atherosclerotic lesion formation without the need for harmful radiation. Flow-sensitive MRI provides the assessment of hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress and pulse wave velocity which may replace invasive and radiation-based techniques for imaging of the vascular function and the characterization of early plaque development. In combination with inflammation imaging, the analyses and correlations of these parameters could not only significantly advance basic preclinical investigations of atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression, but also the diagnostic clinical evaluation for early identification of high-risk plaques, which are prone to rupture. In this review, we summarize the key applications of magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of plaque characteristics through flow sensitive and morphological measurements. The simultaneous measurements of functional and structural parameters will further preclinical research on atherosclerosis and has the potential to fundamentally improve the detection of inflammation and vulnerable plaques in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Andelovic
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
| | - Patrick Winter
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
- Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Peter Michael Jakob
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Rudolf Bauer
- Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Volker Herold
- Experimental Physics V, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; (P.W.); (P.M.J.); (V.H.)
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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