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Nääv Ottosson J, Berggren JV, Tenland K, Bohman E, Sheikh R, Malmsjö M, Merdasa A. The effect of traction force on eyelid blood perfusion during closure of defects. Orbit 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38687914 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2024.2335999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In oculoplastic surgery the eyelid tissue is frequently stretched in order to repair defects after tumor surgery. However, there is a paucity of research regarding how stretching affects eyelids. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into how traction force affects eyelid stretch as well as tissue perfusion, using a laser-based in vivo monitoring technique. METHOD Lower-lid pentagonal resections were performed in eight patients and a total of nine eyelids. The medial section of the eyelid was then stretched using a dynamometer up to a force of 2.3 Newtons (N), and eyelid stretching and blood perfusion were continuously measured using laser speckle contrast imaging. RESULTS Tissue perfusion decreased exponentially when eyelid tissue was stretched, with an initial sharp decline followed by a more gradual reduction. Perfusion approached zero at a force of approximately 2.0 N. The length of the eyelid increased with increasing force up to 1.5 N, after which there was only a very slight increase in length. CONCLUSIONS Eyelid tissue seems to respond to traction in a non-linear fashion, where the initial force results in the greatest eyelid stretching and reduction in blood perfusion. The results provide information on the effects of a large force for direct closure of large eyelid defects. Considering how quickly perfusion approaches zero, the high success rate of eyelid reconstruction surgery is likely a testament to the extensive vascularization of the periocular region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Nääv Ottosson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna V Berggren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Tenland
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin Bohman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rafi Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Malmsjö
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aboma Merdasa
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Li X, Rokohl AC, Fan W, Simon M, Ju X, Rosenkranz T, Matos PAW, Guo Y, Heindl LM. Quantifying Dermatochalasis Using 3-Dimensional Photogrammetry. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:1288-1297. [PMID: 37945760 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creating an appropriate treatment plan for patients with dermatochalasis requires careful investigation of the periocular region. Utilizing photographic documentation can assist physicians in conducting preoperative analysis and managing expectations regarding surgical outcomes. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to quantify the periocular characteristics of dermatochalasis patients using standardized 3D imaging and to compare age and sex-related changes in periocular features. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 145 Caucasian patients with periocular dermatochalasis, comprising 48 men and 97 women, aged between 35 and 91 years. Standardized three-dimensional facial photographs were taken using the 3D Imaging system VECTRA M3. Linear dimensions, curve length, angle, indices, and sizes were measured and analyzed, including palpebral fissure height (PFH), palpebral fissure width (PFW), upper lid fold-palpebral margin distance (FPD), upper palpebral margin length (UPML), lower palpebral margin length (LPML), canthal tilt (CT), palpebral fissure index (PFI), upper eyelid area, and ocular surface area. RESULTS In the female group, the left-side PFH was slightly larger than the right-side PFH (P = 0.023), but the difference was less than 1mm. The corresponding PFI also showed a difference in the female group (P = 0.009). Statistically significant differences were shown in genders for specific parameters, except PFI (P = 0.251) and CT (P = 0.098). Among males, PFW (R = -0.523, p < 0.001) and LPML (R = -0.514, P = 0.264) decreased moderately with age. The correlation between UPML and age was weak (R = -0.367, P = 0.010). Similarly, among females, moderate correlations were found between age and PFW (R = -0.566, P < 0.001) and LPML (R = -0.537, P < 0.001). Additionally, PFH (R = -0.315, P = 0.002), UPML (R = -0.381, P < 0.001), and ocular surface area (R = -0.457, P < 0.001) showed weak correlations with age. CONCLUSIONS The study found that dermatochalasis usually affects both eyes simultaneously, and age is a significant factor in the morphological changes of certain periocular features regardless of sex. The PFI is not influenced by age or sex. These findings may provide useful information for surgical planning and understanding age-related changes in the periocular area. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wanlin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Simon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Till Rosenkranz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philomena A Wawer Matos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yongwei Guo
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany.
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Lee TC, Fung SE, Hu JQ, Villatoro GA, Park KS, Fung BM, Groessl EJ, Korn BS, Kikkawa DO, Liu CY. Is Blepharoplasty Cost-effective? Utility Analysis of Dermatochalasis and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2024:00002341-990000000-00366. [PMID: 38534072 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional prospective study measured utility values of upper eyelid dermatochalasis to quantify its impact on quality of life and assess cost-effectiveness of upper blepharoplasty. METHODS Utility of dermatochalasis was assessed using the standard reference gamble and time trade-off methods, with dual anchor points of perfect eye function and perfect health. The utility value obtained was used to create a Markov model and run a cost-effectiveness analysis of blepharoplasty as a treatment for dermatochalasis while utilizing the societal perspective. RESULTS One hundred three patients with dermatochalasis recruited from an urban outpatient ophthalmology clinic completed the utility survey. The authors determined utility values for dermatochalasis ranging from 0.74 to 0.92 depending on the measurement method (standard reference gamble/time trade-off) and anchor points. The cost-effectiveness analysis yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $3,146 per quality-adjusted life year, well under the conventional willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis with Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated that blepharoplasty would be cost-effective in 88.1% of cases at this willingness-to-pay threshold. CONCLUSIONS Dermatochalasis has an impact on quality of life that is significantly associated with level of perceived functional impairment. Rising health care costs have underscored the importance of providing value-based treatment to patients, and the results of this study suggest that blepharoplasty is a cost-effective treatment option for symptomatic bilateral upper eyelid dermatochalasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya C Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Sammie E Fung
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Jenny Q Hu
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, U.S.A
| | - George A Villatoro
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, U.S.A
| | - Kathryn S Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Brian M Fung
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Erik J Groessl
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
- Department of Behavioral Science, UC San Diego Health Services Research Center, San Diego, California, U.S.A
| | - Bobby S Korn
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, UC San Diego
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Don O Kikkawa
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, UC San Diego
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Catherine Y Liu
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, U.S.A
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, UC San Diego
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Jouni H, Jouffe L, Tancrede‐Bohin E, André P, Benamor S, Cabotin P, Chen J, Chen Z, Conceiçao K, Dlova N, Figoni‐Laugel C, Han X, Li D, Pansé I, Pavlovic‐Ganascia M, Harvey V, Ly F, Niverd‐Rondelé S, Khoza N, Petit A, Roux M, Shi Y, Tardy‐Bastide I, Vashi N, Wang S, Wang Y, Wu J, Xu N, Yan Y, Gomes C, Raynaud E. Predicting the evolution of clinical skin aging in a multi-ethnic population: Developing causal Bayesian networks using dermatological expertise. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13602. [PMID: 38348764 PMCID: PMC10862181 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Software to predict the impact of aging on physical appearance is increasingly popular. But it does not consider the complex interplay of factors that contribute to skin aging. OBJECTIVES To predict the +15-year progression of clinical signs of skin aging by developing Causal Bayesian Belief Networks (CBBNs) using expert knowledge from dermatologists. MATERIAL AND METHODS Structures and conditional probability distributions were elicited worldwide from dermatologists with experience of at least 15 years in aesthetics. CBBN models were built for all phototypes and for ages ranging from 18 to 65 years, focusing on wrinkles, pigmentary heterogeneity and facial ptosis. Models were also evaluated by a group of independent dermatologists ensuring the quality of prediction of the cumulative effects of extrinsic and intrinsic skin aging factors, especially the distribution of scores for clinical signs 15 years after the initial assessment. RESULTS For easiness, only models on African skins are presented in this paper. The forehead wrinkle evolution model has been detailed. Specific atlas and extrinsic factors of facial aging were used for this skin type. But the prediction method has been validated for all phototypes, and for all clinical signs of facial aging. CONCLUSION This method proposes a skin aging model that predicts the aging process for each clinical sign, considering endogenous and exogenous factors. It simulates aging curves according to lifestyle. It can be used as a preventive tool and could be coupled with a generative AI algorithm to visualize aging and, potentially, other skin conditions, using appropriate images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zekai Chen
- Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health HospitalHuizhouChina
| | | | - Ncoza Dlova
- Dermatology DepartmentNelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | | | - Xianwei Han
- Shenyang Seventh People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Dongni Li
- Guangdong Second People's HospitalGuangdongChina
| | | | | | - Valerie Harvey
- Hampton Roads Center for DermatologyNewport NewsVirginiaSkin of Color Research InstituteHampton UniversityHamptonVirginiaUSA
| | - Fatimata Ly
- Dermatology and VenerologyCheikh Anta Diop UniversityDakarSenegal
| | | | | | - Antoine Petit
- Dermatology and Venereology DepartmentSaint‐Louis HospitalParis Cité UniversityParisFrance
| | | | - Yu Shi
- Shanghai Dermatology HospitalShanghaiChina
| | | | - Neelam Vashi
- Dermatology DepartmentBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonUSA
| | - Shanqing Wang
- Dermatology DepartmentRuijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Youli Wang
- Zhuji Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalZhejiangChina
| | - Jun Wu
- L'Oréal Research and InnovationShanghaiChina
| | - Nan Xu
- Shanghai Oriental HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Yuehua Yan
- Fudan University Pudong HospitalShanghaiChina
| | | | - Edouard Raynaud
- L'Oreal Research and InnovationClichyFrance
- CRB St Louis HospitalParisFrance
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Krajewska-Węglewicz L, Felczak P, Adamek D, Dorobek M. Damage to the orbicularis oculi muscle may impair the development of dermatochalasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2417. [PMID: 38287145 PMCID: PMC10825163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate the changes that occur in the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) in patients with dermatochalasis. The OOM specimens from 26 patients were collected during upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Each specimen was divided into three parts, which were then examined using different techniques: formalin embedding for light microscopy, free freezing for histochemical examination, and fixation in 3% glutaraldehyde for electron microscopy. The severity of dermatochalasis was classified according to the anatomical landmarks. 78 specimens from patients with dermatochalasis were evaluated. Under light microscopy, specimens showed an increase in muscle fiber size variation, rounding of muscle fibers, and lobulation of myocytes in a fibrotic background. Under electron microscopy, loss of myofilaments, vacuolar vesicles, and swollen mitochondria were observed, along with osmophilic aggregates resembling nemadine bodies and collagen fibrils. A statistically significant association between the progression of dermatochalasis and the presence of aggregates resembling nemaline bodies was found (p- value < 0.005). Significant changes occur in the OOM in patients with dermatochalasis and the presence of aggregates resembling nemaline bodies is correlated with the degree of eyelid drooping. Thus, OOM may contribute in dermatochalasis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Krajewska-Węglewicz
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Institute of Medicine of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paulina Felczak
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Adamek
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dorobek
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Medicine of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Mian OT, Lippe CM, Khan A, Bugg VA, Bryant JC, Riaz KM, Dvorak JD, Ding K, Moreau A. Dry eye in the upper blepharoplasty patient: a study comparing orbicularis-sparing versus orbicularis-excising techniques. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:3625-3634. [PMID: 37354267 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare subjective and objective dry eye syndrome (DES) metrics preoperatively and postoperatively in patients undergoing bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty (ULB) using orbicularis-sparing versus orbicularis-excising techniques. METHODS A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients without prior DES or other severe conditions who presented to our institution between 2017 and 2019 for routine functional ULB. Patients were randomized into two treatment arms: bilateral ULB using the orbicularis-sparing technique or bilateral ULB using the orbicularis-excising technique. One subjective and seven objective DES assessments were performed on all patients preoperatively and 1 month and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS A total of 63 patients were recruited for the study. Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) scores decreased in both treatment groups at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively. This change did not significantly vary based on surgical technique. Objective DES assessments were not significantly changed at both postoperative time points for either group. There was a correlation between the severity of preoperative DES symptoms and the subjective improvement of DES symptoms postoperatively in both groups. CONCLUSIONS ULB with an orbicularis-sparing or orbicularis-excising technique does not worsen subjective or objective DES metrics and so, surgeons may confidently use either surgical technique. These findings may impact postoperative expectations for surgeons and patients alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamah T Mian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Christina M Lippe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Eye Consultants of Pennsylvania, Wyomissing, PA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Asher Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Victoria A Bugg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Juliana C Bryant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kamran M Riaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Justin D Dvorak
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Annie Moreau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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7
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Huang PJ, Mao SH, Yen CI, Yang SY, Hsiao YC, Yang JY, Chang SY, Chuang SS, Chen HC. Objective Comparison of Eyebrow Position after Internal and External Browpexy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:414e-423e. [PMID: 36847688 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several brow-lift techniques have been used to prevent brow ptosis after blepharoplasty. For example, both internal and external browpexies have been adopted worldwide. However, few studies have compared these two methods. The authors compared postoperative eyebrow position changes between upper eyelid skin excision, internal browpexy, and external browpexy. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 87 patients who underwent upper blepharoplasty performed by a single clinician at their institute between April of 2018 and June of 2020. Patients with routine outpatient photographs taken before and after surgery were enrolled in the study. ImageJ was used to measure brow height at eight points in each eye. Brow height changes were compared among the three groups. RESULTS Routine photographs were available for 68 patients (133 eyes). Thirty-nine patients underwent internal browpexy (78 eyes), nine underwent external browpexy (17 eyes), and 20 underwent upper eyelid skin excisions (38 eyes). Three months after surgery, significant elevation was noted on the lateral side of the brow in the internal browpexy group and across the whole brow in the external browpexy group. In the upper eyelid skin excision group, whole brow ptosis was observed. Brow-lift outcomes were better in the external than in the internal browpexy group, whereas both browpexy groups showed better outcomes than the upper eyelid skin excision group. CONCLUSIONS Within 3 months of surgery, both internal and external browpexy provided significant brow-lift effects, preventing brow ptosis caused by blepharoplasty with skin excision. External browpexy had better brow-lift outcomes than did internal browpexy. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Huang
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Shih-Hsuan Mao
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Cheng-I Yen
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Shih-Yi Yang
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Yen-Chang Hsiao
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Jui-Yung Yang
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Shu-Yin Chang
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Shiow-Shuh Chuang
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Hung-Chang Chen
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
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8
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Liu Q, Wang Z, Yang J, Wu S, Zhang Y, Gan P, Yi Y. A Novel Preoperative Design to Address Dermatochalasis in Asian Upper Blepharoplasty. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:1312-1315. [PMID: 36735477 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preoperative design for the amount of skin excision of the upper eyelid is a common procedure in Asian blepharoplasty, but there lack of an effective method addressing dermatochalasis to acquire esthetically pleasing results. Our aim was to propose an alternative technique to determine the skin excision combined with the esthetics of eyes for correcting skin laxity and therefore to create attractive double eyelids. MATERIALS AND METHODS The preoperative invaginating-simulating design combined with esthetic criteria for determining the amount of excised skin were performed during blepharoplasty. The Strasser grading system and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale were evaluated by analyzing the preoperative and 6-month-postoperative photographs. RESULTS One hundred forty-two patients were included. The general outline of the "optimal incision" took on a knife in shape with a mean of 2.2±3.32 points of Strasser grading score. A total of 130 of 142 patients (91.5%) were judged as "good results" and 12 of 142 patients (8.5%) were judged as "mediocre". The Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale showed a significant cosmetic improvement with the result of 89.4%(127 of 142 patients) for "very much improved", 7.8% for "much improved" and other patients for "improved". No severe complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS This preoperative design approach has been proven to be effective to address dermatochalasis (especially for lateral hooding) by simulating the expected appearance of a double eyelid combined with esthetic criteria of eyes simultaneously, which can contribute to achieving upper-lid rejuvenation and beautiful and natural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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9
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Li Q, Chen J, Faux P, Delgado ME, Bonfante B, Fuentes-Guajardo M, Mendoza-Revilla J, Chacón-Duque JC, Hurtado M, Villegas V, Granja V, Jaramillo C, Arias W, Barquera R, Everardo-Martínez P, Sánchez-Quinto M, Gómez-Valdés J, Villamil-Ramírez H, Silva de Cerqueira CC, Hünemeier T, Ramallo V, Wu S, Du S, Giardina A, Paria SS, Khokan MR, Gonzalez-José R, Schüler-Faccini L, Bortolini MC, Acuña-Alonzo V, Canizales-Quinteros S, Gallo C, Poletti G, Rojas W, Rothhammer F, Navarro N, Wang S, Adhikari K, Ruiz-Linares A. Automatic landmarking identifies new loci associated with face morphology and implicates Neanderthal introgression in human nasal shape. Commun Biol 2023; 6:481. [PMID: 37156940 PMCID: PMC10167347 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a genome-wide association study of facial features in >6000 Latin Americans based on automatic landmarking of 2D portraits and testing for association with inter-landmark distances. We detected significant associations (P-value <5 × 10-8) at 42 genome regions, nine of which have been previously reported. In follow-up analyses, 26 of the 33 novel regions replicate in East Asians, Europeans, or Africans, and one mouse homologous region influences craniofacial morphology in mice. The novel region in 1q32.3 shows introgression from Neanderthals and we find that the introgressed tract increases nasal height (consistent with the differentiation between Neanderthals and modern humans). Novel regions include candidate genes and genome regulatory elements previously implicated in craniofacial development, and show preferential transcription in cranial neural crest cells. The automated approach used here should simplify the collection of large study samples from across the world, facilitating a cosmopolitan characterization of the genetics of facial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pierre Faux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Miguel Eduardo Delgado
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, República Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - Betty Bonfante
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, 1000000, Chile
| | - Javier Mendoza-Revilla
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - J Camilo Chacón-Duque
- Division of Vertebrates and Anthropology, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Malena Hurtado
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Valeria Villegas
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Vanessa Granja
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Claudia Jaramillo
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - William Arias
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Paola Everardo-Martínez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
| | - Mirsha Sánchez-Quinto
- Forensic Science, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Mexico City, 06320, Mexico
| | - Jorge Gómez-Valdés
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
| | - Hugo Villamil-Ramírez
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, 4510, Mexico
| | | | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Virginia Ramallo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90040-060, Brazil
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, U9129ACD, Argentina
| | - Sijie Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Siyuan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Andrea Giardina
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Soumya Subhra Paria
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Mahfuzur Rahman Khokan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Rolando Gonzalez-José
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, U9129ACD, Argentina
| | - Lavinia Schüler-Faccini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Victor Acuña-Alonzo
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, 4510, Mexico
| | - Carla Gallo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Giovanni Poletti
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Winston Rojas
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - Francisco Rothhammer
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica, 1000000, Chile
| | - Nicolas Navarro
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, 21000, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Sijia Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Kaustubh Adhikari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, 13005, France.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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10
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Kunimi K, Goseki T, Fukaya K, Takahashi S, Ishikawa E. Analysis of Facial Features of Patients With Sagging Eye Syndrome and Intermittent Exotropia Compared to Controls. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 246:51-57. [PMID: 36270333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the facial features of patients with sagging eye syndrome (SES) and other ophthalmic diseases, and to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of facial features for SES. DESIGN Retrospective cross-section study. METHODS We evaluated frontal facial photographs of patients >60 years of age with SES and intermittent exotropia (IXT), and control patients who visited the ophthalmology outpatient clinics of 2 institutions between June 2020 and December 2021. Three ophthalmologists evaluated each eye for sunken upper eyelid, blepharoptosis, and baggy lower eyelid, using a scoring scale. The average scores for each parameter among the 3 groups were analyzed. Patients with glaucoma, visual acuity <16/20, SES with a vertical strabismus angle of ≥6 Δ, IXT that could not be maintained in the phoria position during photography, a history of previous oculoplastic or ophthalmic surgery, and use prostaglandin analogs for cosmetic purposes were excluded. RESULTS A total of 86 patients were included: 23 with SES, 28 with IXT, and 35 in the control group. All were Japanese. In all, 45 patients were male and 41 were female. The mean age was 72.7 ± 7.4 years. The sunken upper eyelid scores were significantly higher in the SES group than in the control and IXT groups (P < .001), whereas the baggy lower eyelid scores were significantly higher in the IXT group than in the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Age-related orbital connective tissue degeneration may manifest as SES in the upper eyelid and as IXT in the lower eyelid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kunimi
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (K.K., T.G., K.F.), International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, Atami-City, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology (K.K., T.G.), Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology (K.K.), Tokyo Medical University, Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Japan; Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center (K.K., T.G., S.T., E.I.), Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Goseki
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (K.K., T.G., K.F.), International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, Atami-City, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology (K.K., T.G.), Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center (K.K., T.G., S.T., E.I.), Mito, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kyo Fukaya
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (K.K., T.G., K.F.), International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, Atami-City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center (K.K., T.G., S.T., E.I.), Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center (K.K., T.G., S.T., E.I.), Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
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11
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Hollander MH, van der Hoeven JH, Verdonschot KH, Delli K, Vissink A, Jansma J, Schepers RH. Effects of Upper Blepharoplasty Techniques on Headaches, Eyebrow Position, and Electromyographic Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1559. [PMID: 36674313 PMCID: PMC9866996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess changes in headaches, eyebrow height, and electromyographic (EMG) outcomes of the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles, after an upper blepharoplasty with or without resecting a strip of orbicularis oculi muscle. In a randomized controlled trial, 54 patients received an upper blepharoplasty involving either only removing skin (group A) or removing skin with an additional strip of orbicularis muscle (group B). Preoperative, and 6 and 12 months postoperative headache complaints were assessed using the HIT-6 scores and eyebrow heights were measured on standardised photographs. Surface EMG measurements, i.e., electrical activity and muscle fatigue, were assessed for the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles preoperatively and 2, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Significantly fewer headaches were reported following a blepharoplasty. The eyebrow height had decreased, but did not differ between groups. Regarding the surface EMG measurements, only group A's frontalis muscle electrical activity had decreased significantly during maximal contraction 12 months after surgery (80 vs. 39 mV, p = 0.026). Fatigue of both the frontalis and the orbicularis oculi muscles did not change significantly postoperatively compared to baseline. EMG differences between groups were minor and clinically insignificant. The eyebrow height decreased and patients reported less headaches after upper blepharoplasty irrespective of the used technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H.J. Hollander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H. van der Hoeven
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen H.M. Verdonschot
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantina Delli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Jansma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger H. Schepers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Advancement in Human Face Prediction Using DNA. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010136. [PMID: 36672878 PMCID: PMC9858985 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid improvements in identifying the genetic factors contributing to facial morphology have enabled the early identification of craniofacial syndromes. Similarly, this technology can be vital in forensic cases involving human identification from biological traces or human remains, especially when reference samples are not available in the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) database. This review summarizes the currently used methods for predicting human phenotypes such as age, ancestry, pigmentation, and facial features based on genetic variations. To identify the facial features affected by DNA, various two-dimensional (2D)- and three-dimensional (3D)-scanning techniques and analysis tools are reviewed. A comparison between the scanning technologies is also presented in this review. Face-landmarking techniques and face-phenotyping algorithms are discussed in chronological order. Then, the latest approaches in genetic to 3D face shape analysis are emphasized. A systematic review of the current markers that passed the threshold of a genome-wide association (GWAS) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-face traits from the GWAS Catalog is also provided using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), approach. Finally, the current challenges in forensic DNA phenotyping are analyzed and discussed.
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13
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Traditional versus Laterally Extended Upper Blepharoplasty Skin Excisions: Objective and Patient-Reported Outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 151:73-82. [PMID: 36205656 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different skin excision shapes may result in different aesthetic outcomes after upper blepharoplasty. METHODS Two skin-only excision shapes were evaluated objectively and subjectively in 28 matched patients with laterally extended skin excision (group A) or traditional elliptical skin excision (group B). The pretarsal show, lateral eyebrow height, amount of scarring (evaluated with the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale), and patient-reported aesthetic results (evaluated using FACE-Q) were scored and compared at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS In both groups, pretarsal show improved significantly after blepharoplasty. The homogeneity of pretarsal show improved significantly in the lateral extension group (group A) together with slightly more pretarsal show (0.5 to 0.8 mm at central pupil region) at 6 and 12 months of follow-up compared with group B ( P = 0.004). A trend was observed in the exocanthion 45-degree measurement, in which group A had 0.6 mm greater pretarsal show 6 months postoperatively. Homogeneity of the pretarsal show had improved significantly in group A, but not in group B, at 12 months after blepharoplasty. No other significant differences were observed between the groups regarding pretarsal show measurements or FACE-Q scores. Both groups showed descent of the lateral eyebrow, but this was only significant in group B. Group B showed 1.4 to 2.0 mm more descent compared with group A. Scarring and adverse effects scores were low in both groups and did not differ. CONCLUSION Laterally extended skin excision and traditional elliptical skin excision both result in positive aesthetic results, but the laterally extended skin excision technique is accompanied by a slightly more favorable outcome. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
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14
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Mooij JJ, van de Lande LS, Pool SMW, Stevens HPJD, van der Lei B, van Dongen JA. The rainbow scale for the assessment of dermatochalasis of the female upper eyelid: A validated scale. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2023; 76:15-17. [PMID: 36512997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Mooij
- Medical Faculty, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L S van de Lande
- Craniofacial Unit Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - S M W Pool
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H P J D Stevens
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Velthuis Clinic, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B van der Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J A van Dongen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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15
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American Society of Plastic Surgeons Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline: Eyelid Surgery for Upper Visual Field Improvement. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 150:419e-434e. [PMID: 35895522 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A group of experts from different disciplines was convened to develop guidelines for the management of upper visual field impairments related to eyelid ptosis and dermatochalasis. The goal was to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve patient care. METHODS A multidisciplinary group of experts representing their specialty organizations was selected. A systematic literature review was performed including topics regarding documentation of the underlying cause for visual field impairment, selection of an appropriate surgical repair, assessment of the type of anesthesia, the use of adjunctive brow procedures, and follow-up assessments. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology process was used to evaluate the relevant studies. Clinical practice recommendations were developed using BRIDGE-Wiz (Building Recommendations In a Developers' Guideline Editor) software. RESULTS Each topic area was assessed. A clinical recommendation was made, and the relevant literature was discussed. CONCLUSIONS The review of the literature revealed varied complication rates and diverse treatment modalities for the correction of upper visual field deficit. Strong recommendations could not be made in most topic areas because of a paucity of methodologically sound studies in the literature. More rigorously designed studies are needed to measure outcomes of interest, with fewer sources of potential error or bias. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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16
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Ng JY, Chew FT. A systematic review of skin ageing genes: gene pleiotropy and genes on the chromosomal band 16q24.3 may drive skin ageing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13099. [PMID: 35907981 PMCID: PMC9338925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin ageing is the result of intrinsic genetic and extrinsic lifestyle factors. However, there is no consensus on skin ageing phenotypes and ways to quantify them. In this systematic review, we first carefully identified 56 skin ageing phenotypes from multiple literature sources and sought the best photo-numeric grading scales to evaluate them. Next, we conducted a systematic review on all 44 Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) on skin ageing published to date and identified genetic risk factors (2349 SNPs and 366 genes) associated with skin ageing. We identified 19 promising SNPs found to be significantly (p-Value < 1E-05) associated with skin ageing phenotypes in two or more independent studies. Here we show, using enrichment analyses strategies and gene expression data, that (1) pleiotropy is a recurring theme among skin ageing genes, (2) SNPs associated with skin ageing phenotypes are mostly located in a small handful of 44 pleiotropic and hub genes (mostly on the chromosome band 16q24.3) and 32 skin colour genes. Since numerous genes on the chromosome band 16q24.3 and skin colour genes show pleiotropy, we propose that (1) genes traditionally identified to contribute to skin colour have more than just skin pigmentation roles, and (2) further progress towards understand the development of skin pigmentation requires understanding the contributions of genes on the chromosomal band 16q24.3. We anticipate our systematic review to serve as a hub to locate primary literature sources pertaining to the genetics of skin ageing and to be a starting point for more sophisticated work examining pleiotropic genes, hub genes, and skin ageing phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan Ng
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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17
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Naqvi S, Hoskens H, Wilke F, Weinberg SM, Shaffer JR, Walsh S, Shriver MD, Wysocka J, Claes P. Decoding the Human Face: Challenges and Progress in Understanding the Genetics of Craniofacial Morphology. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:383-412. [PMID: 35483406 PMCID: PMC9482780 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-120121-102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Variations in the form of the human face, which plays a role in our individual identities and societal interactions, have fascinated scientists and artists alike. Here, we review our current understanding of the genetics underlying variation in craniofacial morphology and disease-associated dysmorphology, synthesizing decades of progress on Mendelian syndromes in addition to more recent results from genome-wide association studies of human facial shape and disease risk. We also discuss the various approaches used to phenotype and quantify facial shape, which are of particular importance due to the complex, multipartite nature of the craniofacial form. We close by discussing how experimental studies have contributed and will further contribute to our understanding of human genetic variation and then proposing future directions and applications for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; , .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hanne Hoskens
- Center for Processing Speech and Images, Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; , .,Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franziska Wilke
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; ,
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; , .,Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; , .,Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; ,
| | - Mark D Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; , .,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Peter Claes
- Center for Processing Speech and Images, Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; , .,Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Dermatochalasis Aggravates Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Related Dry Eyes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092379. [PMID: 35566505 PMCID: PMC9100659 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between subjective symptoms, objective signs, and dermatochalasis severity in dry-eye patients and the effects of lid hygiene on dry-eye parameters. We retrospectively enrolled 2328 patients who underwent dry-eye examinations and classified them into four groups by dermatochalasis severity. The SPEED and OSDI questionnaires were used to evaluate subjective symptoms. LipiView® II interferometry was used to measure lipid-layer thickness (LLT) and blink/incomplete blink rates and perform meibography. A slit-lamp–aided standardized evaluator measured meibomian gland expressibility (MGE). A meiboscale was used to grade meibomian gland dropout. Fluorescein tear-film break-up time (FTBUT) and superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) were recorded. The Schirmer test II with anesthetics was used to evaluate aqueous tear secretion. The effects of lid hygiene were evaluated in 644 patients who underwent second comprehensive examinations. The median age of patients was 55.3 [46.0–66.0] years (76.0% female). Patients with more severe dermatochalasis were less symptomatic and had less MGE, higher meiboscale grades and average LLT. Dermatochalasis severity was significantly associated with MGE and meiboscale grade in the upper lid. There were no significant differences in the Schirmer test, FTBUT, and SPK among the severity groups. Females were older and had higher LLT and less severe dermatochalasis. Lid hygiene significantly decreased subjective symptoms, LLT, and Schirmer results, increased FTBUT, but did not change MGE or meiboscale grades. Dermatochalasis severity participated in the pathophysiology of dry eyes. Lid hygiene significantly improved subjective symptoms and reduced LLT, more significantly in patients with less severe dermatochalasis.
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19
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Rahmouni M, Laville V, Spadoni JL, Jdid R, Eckhart L, Gruber F, Labib T, Coulonges C, Carpentier W, Latreille J, Morizot F, Tschachler E, Ezzedine K, Le Clerc S, Zagury JF. Identification of New Biological Pathways Involved in Skin Aging From the Analysis of French Women Genome-Wide Data. Front Genet 2022; 13:836581. [PMID: 35401686 PMCID: PMC8987498 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.836581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is an ineluctable process leading to the progressive loss of tissue integrity and is characterized by various outcomes such as wrinkling and sagging. Researchers have identified impacting environmental factors (sun exposure, smoking, etc.) and several molecular mechanisms leading to skin aging. We have previously performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 502 very-well characterized French women, looking for associations with four major outcomes of skin aging, namely, photoaging, solar lentigines, wrinkling, and sagging, and this has led to new insights into the molecular mechanisms of skin aging. Since individual SNP associations in GWAS explain only a small fraction of the genetic impact in complex polygenic phenotypes, we have made the integration of these genotypes into the reference Kegg biological pathways and looked for associations by the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) approach. 106 pathways were tested for association with the four outcomes of skin aging. This biological pathway analysis revealed new relevant pathways and genes, some likely specific of skin aging such as the WNT7B and PRKCA genes in the “melanogenesis” pathway and some likely involved in global aging such as the DDB1 gene in the “nucleotide excision repair” pathway, not picked up in the previously published GWAS. Overall, our results suggest that the four outcomes of skin aging possess specific molecular mechanisms such as the “proteasome” and “mTOR signaling pathway” but may also share common molecular mechanisms such as “nucleotide excision repair.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Rahmouni
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Laville
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Spadoni
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Randa Jdid
- Chanel R&T, Department of Skin Knowledge and Women Beauty, Pantin, France
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence (SKINMAGINE), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taoufik Labib
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Cedric Coulonges
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Wassila Carpentier
- Plate-Forme Post-Génomique P3S, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julie Latreille
- Chanel R&T, Department of Skin Knowledge and Women Beauty, Pantin, France
| | - Frederique Morizot
- Chanel R&T, Department of Skin Knowledge and Women Beauty, Pantin, France
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor and EA 7379 EPIDERM, Créteil, France
| | - Sigrid Le Clerc
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Équipe Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
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20
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Hollander M, Delli K, Vissink A, Schepers R, Jansma J. Patient-reported aesthetic outcomes of upper blepharoplasty: a randomized controlled trial comparing two surgical techniques. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 51:1161-1169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Hollander MHJ, Pott JWR, Delli K, Vissink A, Schepers RH, Jansma J. Impact of upper blepharoplasty, with or without orbicularis oculi muscle removal, on tear film dynamics and dry eye symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 100:564-571. [PMID: 34612583 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Upper blepharoplasty may be related to dry eye symptoms since the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle may affect the tear film. We aimed to assess the effect of blepharoplasty with or without the removal of a strip of orbicularis oculi muscle on tear film dynamics and dry eye symptoms. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing upper blepharoplasty without (group A) or with (group B) orbicularis oculi muscle excision was performed on 54 healthy Caucasian patients. Tear film dynamics and dry eye symptoms were evaluated using multiple dry eye parameters, i.e. tear osmolarity, Schirmer test I, corneal/conjunctival staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), Oxford Scheme, Sicca Ocular Staining Score and Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. All the parameters were assessed preoperatively and 6 and 12 months after upper blepharoplasty. All the groups' outcomes were compared. RESULTS The differences were not significant between the two upper blepharoplasty techniques regarding most of the above-mentioned outcomes. Subjective symptoms of ocular irritation, consistent with dry eye disease and vision-related impairment, were reduced after upper blepharoplasty independent of the type of the technique applied, while the pre and postoperative outcomes of the objective tear dynamics did not differ 12 months after surgery. However, group B demonstrated a significant increase in tear osmolarity and TBUT at the 6-month follow-up visit. CONCLUSION An upper blepharoplasty alleviates subjective dry eye complaints in the long term, while not changing the tear dynamics. The improvement was independent of the blepharoplasty technique used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H. J. Hollander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem R. Pott
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Konstantina Delli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rutger H. Schepers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Johan Jansma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) RB Groningen The Netherlands
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22
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A New Classification of the Lateral Dermatochalasis of Upper Eyelids. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3711. [PMID: 34422526 PMCID: PMC8376363 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Eyelid dermatochalasis is an abnormal distention of the upper eyelid. This article presents a new classification of the lateral dermatochalasis (LDC) of the upper eyelids, which compares the pre- and post-blepharoplasty results and matches its results with those of the well-established Jacobs classification (JEC).
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23
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Liu C, Lee MK, Naqvi S, Hoskens H, Liu D, White JD, Indencleef K, Matthews H, Eller RJ, Li J, Mohammed J, Swigut T, Richmond S, Manyama M, Hallgrímsson B, Spritz RA, Feingold E, Marazita ML, Wysocka J, Walsh S, Shriver MD, Claes P, Weinberg SM, Shaffer JR. Genome scans of facial features in East Africans and cross-population comparisons reveal novel associations. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009695. [PMID: 34411106 PMCID: PMC8375984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial morphology is highly variable, both within and among human populations, and a sizable portion of this variation is attributable to genetics. Previous genome scans have revealed more than 100 genetic loci associated with different aspects of normal-range facial variation. Most of these loci have been detected in Europeans, with few studies focusing on other ancestral groups. Consequently, the degree to which facial traits share a common genetic basis across diverse sets of humans remains largely unknown. We therefore investigated the genetic basis of facial morphology in an East African cohort. We applied an open-ended data-driven phenotyping approach to a sample of 2,595 3D facial images collected on Tanzanian children. This approach segments the face into hierarchically arranged, multivariate features that capture the shape variation after adjusting for age, sex, height, weight, facial size and population stratification. Genome scans of these multivariate shape phenotypes revealed significant (p < 2.5 × 10−8) signals at 20 loci, which were enriched for active chromatin elements in human cranial neural crest cells and embryonic craniofacial tissue, consistent with an early developmental origin of the facial variation. Two of these associations were in highly conserved regions showing craniofacial-specific enhancer activity during embryological development (5q31.1 and 12q21.31). Six of the 20 loci surpassed a stricter threshold accounting for multiple phenotypes with study-wide significance (p < 6.25 × 10−10). Cross-population comparisons indicated 10 association signals were shared with Europeans (seven sharing the same associated SNP), and facilitated fine-mapping of causal variants at previously reported loci. Taken together, these results may point to both shared and population-specific components to the genetic architecture of facial variation. Genetic factors play an important role in shaping human facial features. Over the last decade, studies have identified numerous genes associated with various facial traits. The vast majority of these studies have focused on European or Asian populations, while African populations have been underrepresented. Increasing the diversity of these analyses can reveal novel associations and cross-population analyses can help deepen our understanding of known genetic associations. We therefore performed a genome scan of 3D facial features in African children from Tanzania and then compared our results to Europeans. We found 20 regions of the genome associated with facial shape in Tanzanian children, 10 of which were also present in Europeans, indicating evidence for a partly shared genetic basis for human facial shape across populations. In addition, about half of the genetic associations observed in Tanzanians were not present in Europeans, and some of the shared signals differed between populations in the specific genetic variants associated or specific facial traits affected. These results shed light on the shared and population-specific genetic contributors to normal-range facial variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Hanne Hoskens
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dongjing Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julie D. White
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karlijne Indencleef
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Processing Speech & Images, Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Harold Matthews
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Eller
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jiarui Li
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Processing Speech & Images, Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaaved Mohammed
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tomek Swigut
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen Richmond
- Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mange Manyama
- Anatomy in Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Alberta Children´s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Richard A. Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter Claes
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Processing Speech & Images, Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMW); (JRS)
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMW); (JRS)
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24
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Xu P, Huang H, Zhang S, Yin X, Zhang Q, Du Y. A Comprehensive Approach to Upper Eyelid Rejuvenation Surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:1047-1055. [PMID: 33403413 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-02031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper eyelid aging results from comprehensive changes, and studies have failed to comprehensively address these changes. OBJECTIVES This study proposes a comprehensive approach to the surgical treatment of aging upper eyelids. METHODS Data of 116 patients with aging upper eyelids were analyzed. Each eye was scored on upper eyelid laxity, degree of blepharoptosis, and upper eyelid socket depression at preoperation and 6 months after surgery. Based on average scores of both eyes, three degrees of aging were considered: mild, moderate, and severe. All patients underwent comprehensive surgical treatments. Depending on its condition, loose skin was appropriately removed, and the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) was corrected in patients with degenerative ptosis. Meanwhile orbital septum fat was released or periumbilical fat mass was used as a filler to correct upper eyelid socket depression. All cases were summarized based on a classification and grading system. Scores were reassessed, and satisfaction survey was conducted after 6 months follow-up. RESULTS The preoperative and postoperative scores of the three groups were significantly different (p < 0.05), and the difference in preoperative and postoperative scores between the three groups was also statistically significant (p < 0.05). The severe aging group had the greatest difference in score. Aside from 8 patients requiring reoperation, patients reported satisfied results after the 6 month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive surgical treatment for patients with different grades of upper eyelid aging can achieve a satisfactory effect of upper eyelid rejuvenation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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25
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Chen Y, André M, Adhikari K, Blin M, Bonfante B, Mendoza-Revilla J, Fuentes-Guajardo M, Palmal S, Chacón-Duque JC, Hurtado M, Villegas V, Granja V, Jaramillo C, Arias W, Lozano RB, Everardo-Martínez P, Gómez-Valdés J, Villamil-Ramírez H, de Cerqueira CCS, Hünemeier T, Ramallo V, Gonzalez-José R, Schüler-Faccini L, Bortolini MC, Acuña-Alonzo V, Canizales-Quinteros S, Gallo C, Poletti G, Bedoya G, Rothhammer F, Balding D, Tobin DJ, Wang S, Faux P, Ruiz-Linares A. A genome-wide association study identifies novel gene associations with facial skin wrinkling and mole count in Latin Americans. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:988-998. [PMID: 33959940 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genes influencing skin ageing and mole count in Europeans, but little is known about the relevance of these (or other genes) in non-Europeans. OBJECTIVES To conduct a GWAS for facial skin ageing and mole count in adults < 40 years old, of mixed European, Native American and African ancestry, recruited in Latin America. METHODS Skin ageing and mole count scores were obtained from facial photographs of over 6000 individuals. After quality control checks, three wrinkling traits and mole count were retained for genetic analyses. DNA samples were genotyped with Illumina's HumanOmniExpress chip. Association testing was performed on around 8 703 729 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the autosomal genome. RESULTS Genome-wide significant association was observed at four genome regions: two were associated with wrinkling (in 1p13·3 and 21q21·2), one with mole count (in 1q32·3) and one with both wrinkling and mole count (in 5p13·2). Associated SNPs in 5p13·2 and in 1p13·3 are intronic within SLC45A2 and VAV3, respectively, while SNPs in 1q32·3 are near the SLC30A1 gene, and those in 21q21·2 occur in a gene desert. Analyses of SNPs in IRF4 and MC1R are consistent with a role of these genes in skin ageing. CONCLUSIONS We replicate the association of wrinkling with variants in SLC45A2, IRF4 and MC1R reported in Europeans. We identify VAV3 and SLC30A1 as two novel candidate genes impacting on wrinkling and mole count, respectively. We provide the first evidence that SLC45A2 influences mole count, in addition to variants in this gene affecting melanoma risk in Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - M André
- UMR 7268 ADES, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, EFS, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, 13005, France.,Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - K Adhikari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - M Blin
- UMR 7268 ADES, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, EFS, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - B Bonfante
- UMR 7268 ADES, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, EFS, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - J Mendoza-Revilla
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Perú.,Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - M Fuentes-Guajardo
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, 1000000, Chile
| | - S Palmal
- UMR 7268 ADES, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, EFS, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - J C Chacón-Duque
- Division of Vertebrates and Anthropology, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - M Hurtado
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Perú
| | - V Villegas
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Perú
| | - V Granja
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Perú
| | - C Jaramillo
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - W Arias
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - R B Lozano
- National Institute of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, MC, 6600, Mexico.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - P Everardo-Martínez
- National Institute of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, MC, 6600, Mexico
| | - J Gómez-Valdés
- National Institute of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, MC, 6600, Mexico
| | - H Villamil-Ramírez
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, MC, 4510, Mexico
| | | | - T Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - V Ramallo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-060, Brazil.,Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, U9129ACD, Argentina
| | - R Gonzalez-José
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, U9129ACD, Argentina
| | - L Schüler-Faccini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - M-C Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - V Acuña-Alonzo
- National Institute of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, MC, 6600, Mexico
| | - S Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, MC, 4510, Mexico
| | - C Gallo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Perú
| | - G Poletti
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Perú
| | - G Bedoya
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - F Rothhammer
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, 1000000, Chile
| | - D Balding
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, Schools of BioSciences and Mathematics & Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - D J Tobin
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - P Faux
- UMR 7268 ADES, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, EFS, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - A Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.,UMR 7268 ADES, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, EFS, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, 13005, France.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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26
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Kashkouli MB, Karimi N, Johari-Moghadam MM, Shayanfar N, Aghamirsalim M, Abdolalizadeh P. Dermatochalasis Through Decades: A Histopathologic Study. Ann Plast Surg 2021; 86:340-344. [PMID: 33555688 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Three prior studies (2008, 2011, 2018) histopathologically compared the eyelid specimens of patients with dermatochalasis (DC, undergoing blepharoplasty) with a control group and proposed that DC may begin with subclinical inflammation leading to elastolysis and lymphostasis. With growing number of younger patients consulting for blepharoplasty, the unanswered question is whether histopathologic changes of DC differ between the younger and the older. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective case series, 20 right upper eyelid skin of 20 nonsmoker, class 3 Fitzpatrik skin type women (30-68 years old) were histopathologically examined. Patients were divided into 2 age groups of 50 years or older and older than 50 years. Upper eyelid skin was preoperatively marked, intraoperatively removed, postoperatively divided into 3 sections: lateral (lateral limbus to lateral canthus), central (between medial and lateral limbi), and medial (medial limbus to medial canthus), and separately (totally 60 specimens) sent for histopathological examination. A masked pathologist recorded skin thickness in all specimens (60) as well as lymphatic vessels diameter and density, elastic fiber density, macrophage number, collagen intrafibril edema, and depth of collagen stromal bed in central sections (20 specimens). RESULTS There were 10 patients at each age group. Histopathological measurements were not significantly different between the 2 age groups except mean lymphatic vessel diameter (P = 0.034) that was larger in the second group (>50 years). A significant positive correlation was also observed between the age and lymphatic vessel diameter (rs = 0.3, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Lymphangiectasia progresses significantly by age. Histopathological characteristics of DC are the same in the 2 age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nasrin Shayanfar
- Department of Pathology, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Batai K, Cui Z, Arora A, Shah-Williams E, Hernandez W, Ruden M, Hollowell CMP, Hooker SE, Bathina M, Murphy AB, Bonilla C, Kittles RA. Genetic loci associated with skin pigmentation in African Americans and their effects on vitamin D deficiency. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009319. [PMID: 33600456 PMCID: PMC7891745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) in African descent populations identified novel loci associated with skin pigmentation. However, how genomic variations affect skin pigmentation and how these skin pigmentation gene variants affect serum 25(OH) vitamin D variation has not been explored in African Americans (AAs). In order to further understand genetic factors that affect human skin pigmentation and serum 25(OH)D variation, we performed a GWAS for skin pigmentation with 395 AAs and a replication study with 681 AAs. Then, we tested if the identified variants are associated with serum 25(OH) D concentrations in a subset of AAs (n = 591). Skin pigmentation, Melanin Index (M-Index), was measured using a narrow-band reflectometer. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify variants associated with M-Index and to assess their role in serum 25(OH)D variation adjusting for population stratification and relevant confounding variables. A variant near the SLC24A5 gene (rs2675345) showed the strongest signal of association with M-Index (P = 4.0 x 10-30 in the pooled dataset). Variants in SLC24A5, SLC45A2 and OCA2 together account for a large proportion of skin pigmentation variance (11%). The effects of these variants on M-Index was modified by sex (P for interaction = 0.009). However, West African Ancestry (WAA) also accounts for a large proportion of M-Index variance (23%). M-Index also varies among AAs with high WAA and high Genetic Score calculated from top variants associated with M-Index, suggesting that other unknown genomic factors related to WAA are likely contributing to skin pigmentation variation. M-Index was not associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations, but the Genetic Score was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D levels less than 12 ng/mL) (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04-1.64). The findings support the hypothesis suggesting that skin pigmentation evolved responding to increased demand for subcutaneous vitamin D synthesis in high latitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Zuxi Cui
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amit Arora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ebony Shah-Williams
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana United States of America
| | - Wenndy Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maria Ruden
- Department of Surgery, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Courtney M. P. Hollowell
- Department of Surgery, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stanley E. Hooker
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Madhavi Bathina
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Carolina Bonilla
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The Prevalence of Blepharoptosis in Facial Rejuvenation Patient Population. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:193-197. [PMID: 32356151 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial rejuvenation results, commonly seen in publications or national presentations, are fraught with uncorrected eyelid ptosis. This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of blepharoptosis in the rejuvenation population and to help increase awareness in recognizing this under corrected condition. METHODS Fifty-nine consecutive patients being evaluated for facial rejuvenation were included in the study. Patients who had previous eyelid or forehead surgery, congenital abnormalities, or post-traumatic deformities were excluded. Standard preoperative photographs were obtained. Each photograph was analyzed to determine blepharoptosis by measuring the distance between the upper eyelid margin and the upper limbus in each eye using Adobe Photoshop. Patient age, gender, and race were reported. Ptosis was defined as more than 1.0 mm overlap between the upper eyelid margin and the upper limbus. RESULTS Mean age was 63.7. Among 59 patients, 34 patients (57.6%) had blepharoptosis and 25 patients did not. Patients with blepharoptosis were likely to be older and male. CONCLUSION Blepharoptosis becomes more common as patients age due to involution of eyelid and orbital tissue. It is commonly missed due to patient compensation by recruiting the frontalis muscle to lift the eyelids. It is imperative for the patient and the plastic surgeon to be aware of existing blepharoptosis and discuss expectations and formulate a comprehensive surgical plan. Awareness of the high prevalence of ptosis in the facial rejuvenation population allows plastic surgeons to provide better outcomes and higher patient satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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White JD, Indencleef K, Naqvi S, Eller RJ, Hoskens H, Roosenboom J, Lee MK, Li J, Mohammed J, Richmond S, Quillen EE, Norton HL, Feingold E, Swigut T, Marazita ML, Peeters H, Hens G, Shaffer JR, Wysocka J, Walsh S, Weinberg SM, Shriver MD, Claes P. Insights into the genetic architecture of the human face. Nat Genet 2021; 53:45-53. [PMID: 33288918 PMCID: PMC7796995 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The human face is complex and multipartite, and characterization of its genetic architecture remains challenging. Using a multivariate genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 8,246 European individuals, we identified 203 genome-wide-significant signals (120 also study-wide significant) associated with normal-range facial variation. Follow-up analyses indicate that the regions surrounding these signals are enriched for enhancer activity in cranial neural crest cells and craniofacial tissues, several regions harbor multiple signals with associations to different facial phenotypes, and there is evidence for potential coordinated actions of variants. In summary, our analyses provide insights into the understanding of how complex morphological traits are shaped by both individual and coordinated genetic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D White
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
| | - Karlijne Indencleef
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan J Eller
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hanne Hoskens
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasmien Roosenboom
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaaved Mohammed
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Richmond
- Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ellen E Quillen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Heather L Norton
- Department of Anthropology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tomek Swigut
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Hens
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark D Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Bhattacharjee K, Misra D, Singh M, Deori N. Long-term changes in contrast-sensitivity, corneal topography and higher-order aberrations after upper eyelid blepharoplasty: A prospective interventional study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:2906-2910. [PMID: 33229668 PMCID: PMC7856954 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_907_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term changes in visual parameters, that is, contrast sensitivity (CS) and higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and corneal topography in the patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty (UEB) for dermatochalasis. Methods This was a prospective, single surgeon, intervention study including patients (≥40 years age) having severe dermatochalasis with a minimum post-UEB follow-up of 12 months. The preoperative readings of CS (using Pelli-Robson chart), HOAs (using WaveLight ALLEGRO analyzer), and corneal topography (using topographic modeling system-4, Tomey corporation) were noted and compared at 3, 6, and 12 postoperative months. Results We studied 30 patients (60 eyes) who underwent bilateral UEB. The majority of patients were females (n = 21,70%), and the mean age of patients was 56.53 ± 9.06 years. The preoperative and postoperative values of LogMAR visual acuity, log CS value, corneal topography measurements (K1, K2, cylinder value, and the axis), optical aberrations (total HOAs; third-order--trefoil & coma; four-order--spherical aberrations and secondary astigmatism, and tetrafoil) were compared. At 12 months, the mean CS value, the majority of HOAs, and corneal topography (only cylinder values) showed a stable, statistically significant difference in the postoperative period. Conclusion The UEB may produce long-term, visually-beneficial, optical, and corneal changes. The patients undergoing cataract surgery aiming for spectacle independence may gain additional visual benefits with UEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Bhattacharjee
- Department of Orbit, Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Beltola, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Divakant Misra
- Department of Orbit, Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Beltola, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Insitute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nilutparna Deori
- Department of Orbit, Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Beltola, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Videographic Analysis of Blink Dynamics following Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty and Its Association with Dry Eye. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2991. [PMID: 32802679 PMCID: PMC7413808 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to characterize the effects of upper eyelid blepharoplasty on blink dynamics and to evaluate the hypothesis that changes in blink dynamics following blepharoplasty are associated with postoperative dry eye.
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Hassan AM, Rady AAE, Shalaby OE, Shafik HM, Shaker ESE. Evaluation of plasma exeresis as a new technique for non surgical treatment of dermatochalasis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:1017-1022. [PMID: 32698635 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1800569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatochalasis is frequently associated with tissue ageing and leads to multiple functional and cosmetic issues. There are several possible medical and surgical treatments available, such as blepharoplasty and laser therapy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to evaluate plasma exeresis as a new technique for nonsurgical treatment of dermatochalasis of the upper eyelid. PATIENT AND METHODS This clinical trial included 40 female patients with dermatochalasis. Each patient received 3 sessions of treatment with the technology of plasma exeresis with one-month interval. Final evaluation was performed three months after the last session by 2 blinded dermatologists and 2 ophthalmologists, lid laxity according to facial laxity rating scale (FLRS), marginal crease distance (MCD) before and after treatment and patient satisfaction score. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in eye lid laxity (FLRS) after treatment where p < .001; 36 (90%) patients had change and 4 (10%) patients without change in general. There was a significant increase in MCD after treatment (p = .001). CONCLUSION Plasma exeresis seems to improve appearance of the upper eyelid, without any serious adverse events and could be a valid solution for dermatochalasis especially in mild and moderate cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Mhammad Hassan
- Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Osama E Shalaby
- Ophthalmology, Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba M Shafik
- Ophthalmology, Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Engi Seif E Shaker
- Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Khanna S, Phelps PO. The basics of baggy eyelids. Dis Mon 2020; 66:101037. [PMID: 32622676 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Khanna
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Paul O Phelps
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Surgery, Northshore University HealthSystem, 2050 Pfingsten Rd., Ste. 280, Glenview, Evanston 60026, IL, United States.
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Turkcu UO, Yuksel N, Akcay E, Ayan B, Kuru O, Edgunlu T, Tosun K. Assessment of COL1A1 and MMP9 expression in patients with dermatochalasis. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:1987-1992. [PMID: 32323045 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dermatochalasis is a clinical condition characterized by loss of elasticity of eyelid skin and soft tissue, which typically affects the elderly population. The aim of this study is to investigate the mRNA expression levels of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) genes in dermatochalasis tissue. METHODS The study group consisted of 15 patients who underwent upper eyelid blepharoplasty and were above 40 years old. The patients in our control group were divided into two subgroups according to their ages. Fourteen patients who were under 40 years old and had anterior blepharoptosis surgery for blepharoptosis were designed as the young control group. Sixteen patients who were older than 40 years old and had anterior blepharoptosis surgery for blepharoptosis were designed as the old control group. The patients in the dermatochalasis group were also evaluated according to their smoking status. Surgical tissue specimens were analyzed for COL1A1 and MMP9 mRNA gene expression levels by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS COL1A1 and MMP9 mRNA gene expression levels were not statistically different between the groups (p = 0.247; p = 0.052, respectively). When compared in means of the smoking habit, smokers in the dermatochalasis group exhibited higher COL1A1 mRNA expression levels when compared to nonsmokers (p = 0.008). MMP9 gene expression levels of smokers exhibited almost statistically higher levels but at the limit when compared to nonsmokers (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study represents a preliminary study to detect the tissue changes at a molecular level in dermatochalasis, which is known to be related to connective tissue pathology. Collagen and MMPs are essential components of the extracellular matrix, and smoking might affect their gene expression. Further prospective studies on these regulatory genes and encoded protein levels with a larger group of patients may provide particular contribution to explaining the pathophysiology of dermatochalasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummuhani Ozel Turkcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Nilay Yuksel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. .,, 170 Gerry Road, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Emine Akcay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Ayan
- Samsun Carsamba State Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Oktay Kuru
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Tuba Edgunlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Kursad Tosun
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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Mekić S, Hamer M, Wigmann C, Gunn D, Kayser M, Jacobs L, Schikowski T, Nijsten T, Pardo L. Epidemiology and determinants of facial telangiectasia: a cross‐sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:821-826. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mekić
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M.A. Hamer
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - C. Wigmann
- IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Düsseldorf Germany
| | - D.A. Gunn
- Unilever Research and Development Colworth Science Park Sharnbrook UK
| | - M. Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - L.C. Jacobs
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - T. Schikowski
- IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Düsseldorf Germany
| | - T. Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - L.M. Pardo
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Aging and the Indian Face: An Analytical Study of Aging in the Asian Indian Face. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2580. [PMID: 32537318 PMCID: PMC7253281 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Asian Indians make up almost one-sixth of the world’s population. Although some aspects of facial beauty are universal, anthropometric morphology and age-related changes differ in all ethnic groups. Currently, there are hardly any published studies highlighting the process of aging in Asian Indians. We wanted to understand the aging patterns in different ethnic subgroups within Asian Indians and also compare the aging patterns with Caucasians.
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Fallahi HR, Keyhan SO, Niamtu J, Alikazemi M, Habibagahi R. Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of CO 2 Laser-Assisted Blepharoplasty Using Two Different Methods. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:1006-1012. [PMID: 32081690 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous methods have been developed for blepharoplasty, including carbon dioxide (CO2) laser-assisted blepharoplasty. Although the superiority of CO2 laser compared with the scalpel for blepharoplasty has been proposed, to the best of our knowledge, no study has compared the clinical outcomes of blepharoplasty with the CO2 laser alone versus the combined use of a scalpel and CO2 laser. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present randomized clinical trial, 21 healthy patients underwent bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty. For each patient, an initial skin incision was made using the CO2 laser (setting, continuous emission; ultrapulse mode; 3 W of power) on 1 side and a scalpel on the other side. The remaining blepharoplasty steps were conducted using the CO2 laser (setting, continuous emission; 9 W of power) in both groups. The patients were evaluated on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 using the postoperative repair criteria, including edema and ecchymosis. The Manchester scar scale was used to evaluate the results at 60 days after surgery. RESULTS Our comparison of the 2 methods showed no significant differences at 1 month after surgery using the evaluation criteria. The scar index was not significantly different after 60 days, despite lower scores in the scalpel group. CONCLUSIONS In upper eyelid blepharoplasty, making an initial incision with a scalpel, followed by use of a laser provides advantages similar to those found by performing the entire procedure with a CO2 laser alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Fallahi
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon, Private Practice; Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences and School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seied Omid Keyhan
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon, National Advance Center for Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Network, Shahaid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joe Niamtu
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon, Private Practice; Fellow, American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery, Chicago, IL; and Diplomat, American Board of Cosmetic Facial Surgery, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Milad Alikazemi
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon and Assistance Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Raha Habibagahi
- PhD of Biomaterials, Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Quantitative 3-dimensional Geometry of the Aging Eyelids. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2019; 7:e2512. [PMID: 31942303 PMCID: PMC6908328 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although facial aging is a well-known phenomenon, it has not been comprehensively characterized in 3 dimensions. This study introduces a novel technique for capturing periorbital structures across age groups using 3-dimensional (3D) imaging and point cloud data collection.
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Laville V, Le Clerc S, Ezzedine K, Jdid R, Taing L, Labib T, Coulonges C, Ulveling D, Galan P, Guinot C, Fezeu L, Morizot F, Latreille J, Malvy D, Tschachler E, Zagury J. A genome wide association study identifies new genes potentially associated with eyelid sagging. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:892-898. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Laville
- Équipe GénomiqueBioinformatique et ApplicationsChaire de BioinformatiqueConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers Paris France
| | - Sigrid Le Clerc
- Équipe GénomiqueBioinformatique et ApplicationsChaire de BioinformatiqueConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers Paris France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of DermatologyHenri Mondor Hospital and EA EpiDermE (Epidémiologie en Dermatologie et Evaluation des Thérapeutiques)UPEC‐Université Paris‐Est Créteil France
| | - Randa Jdid
- Department of Skin Knowledge & Women BeautyChanel R & T Pantin France
| | - Lieng Taing
- Équipe GénomiqueBioinformatique et ApplicationsChaire de BioinformatiqueConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers Paris France
| | - Toufik Labib
- Équipe GénomiqueBioinformatique et ApplicationsChaire de BioinformatiqueConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers Paris France
| | - Cédric Coulonges
- Équipe GénomiqueBioinformatique et ApplicationsChaire de BioinformatiqueConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers Paris France
| | - Damien Ulveling
- Équipe GénomiqueBioinformatique et ApplicationsChaire de BioinformatiqueConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers Paris France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Paris 13Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN)Centre d’Epidemiologie et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS)Inserm U1153, Inra U1125Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne‐Paris‐Cité Bobigny France
| | - Christiane Guinot
- Computer Science LaboratoryUniversity François Rabelais of Tours Tours France
| | - Leopold Fezeu
- Université Paris 13Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN)Centre d’Epidemiologie et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS)Inserm U1153, Inra U1125Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne‐Paris‐Cité Bobigny France
| | | | - Julie Latreille
- Department of Skin Knowledge & Women BeautyChanel R & T Pantin France
| | - Denis Malvy
- Université Paris 13Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN)Centre d’Epidemiologie et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS)Inserm U1153, Inra U1125Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne‐Paris‐Cité Bobigny France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Tropical DiseasesHôpital Saint‐André Bordeaux France
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Vienna Medical School Vienna Austria
| | - Jean‐François Zagury
- Équipe GénomiqueBioinformatique et ApplicationsChaire de BioinformatiqueConservatoire National des Arts et Métiers Paris France
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Audelan T, Legrand M, M'Garrech M, Best AL, Barreau E, Labetoulle M, Rousseau A. [Ocular surface aging: Pathophysiology and consequences for management]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:262-270. [PMID: 29573862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
All the components of the ocular surface and the lacrimal system are affected by aging. Aging induces lacrimal gland fibrosis, Meibomian gland dysfunction, loss of corneal sensitivity, decreased corneal cell density, impairment of immune defences, increased local inflammation associated with hormonal changes, conjunctivochalasis, lid abnormalities, etc. Furthermore, homeostasis of the ocular surface may be altered by various age-related systemic comorbidities and iatrogenic interventions. Altogether, aging is considered the most predominant risk factor for dry eye disease. The increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology of aging of the ocular surface allows for refinement of the management of ocular surface disease in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Audelan
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU vision et handicap, université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - M Legrand
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU vision et handicap, université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - M M'Garrech
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU vision et handicap, université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - A-L Best
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU vision et handicap, université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - E Barreau
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU vision et handicap, université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - M Labetoulle
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU vision et handicap, université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France; Immunologie des infections virales et maladies auto-immunes UMR 1184, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - A Rousseau
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU vision et handicap, université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France; Immunologie des infections virales et maladies auto-immunes UMR 1184, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Abstract
The human face is composed of small functional and cosmetic units, of which the eyes and periocular region constitute the main point of focus in routine face-to-face interactions. This dynamic region plays a pivotal role in the expression of mood, emotion, and character, thus making it the most relevant component of the facial esthetic and functional unit. Any change in the periocular unit leads to facial imbalance and functional disharmony, leading both the young and the elderly to seek consultation, thus making blepharoplasty the surgical procedure of choice for both cosmetic and functional amelioration. The applied anatomy, indications of upper eyelid blepharoplasty, preoperative workup, surgical procedure, postoperative care, and complications would be discussed in detail in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Bhattacharjee
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Oculofacial Aesthetic Services, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Diva Kant Misra
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Oculofacial Aesthetic Services, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nilutparna Deori
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Oculofacial Aesthetic Services, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender is one of the most significant factors that influence facial anatomy and behavior, both key factors in the aging process. OBJECTIVE To review male facial anatomy, physiology, and behavior and how it contributes to sexual dimorphism in facial aging. METHODS A MEDLINE search was performed for publications on gender differences in facial anatomy, aging, cutaneous physiology, and behavior. RESULTS There are differences in both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors in men. Men have a thicker epidermis and dermis with more active cutaneous appendages including hair growth. Male skin has a reduced antioxidant capacity and increased ultraviolet-induced immunosuppression. The male face is larger and has a unique square shape with less subcutaneous soft tissue, especially at the medial cheek. Men are also more prone to smoking and exhibiting poor sun-protective behavior. The differences in intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors contribute to poor facial aging in men. Men develop more severe rhytides in a unique pattern, show increased periocular aging changes, and are more prone to hair loss. CONCLUSION This review provides insight into the factors contributing to accelerated male facial aging. Understanding gender differences in aging will help physicians tailor cosmetic treatments for men and minimize extrinsic aging factors.
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Atalay K, Gurez C, Kirgiz A, Serefoglu Cabuk K. Does severity of dermatochalasis in aging affect corneal biomechanical properties? Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:659-64. [PMID: 27274214 PMCID: PMC4876690 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of a relationship between corneal biomechanical properties and different grades of dermatochalasis. Patients and methods Patients were assigned to four groups according to the severity of their dermatochalasis: normal (Group 1), mild (Group 2), moderate (Group 3), and severe (Group 4). An Ocular Response Analyzer device was used to measure corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc). Results We found no significant differences in the mean values of the CH, CRF, and IOPcc of all groups (P=0.75, P=0.93, and P=0.11, respectively). However, CH and IOPcc were negatively correlated in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 patients (P=0.013, r=−0.49; P=0.015, r=−0.52; and P=0.011, r=−0.47, respectively), but this correlation was not apparent in the Group 4 patients (P=0.57, r=0.12). CRF and IOPcc were correlated, but only in Group 4 (P=0.001, r=0.66). Conclusion Severe dermatochalasis was associated with altered corneal biomechanical properties. Some of the important visual consequences of dermatochalasis and related diseases (such as floppy eyelid syndrome) can be understood by considering corneal biomechanical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurşat Atalay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gurez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kirgiz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubra Serefoglu Cabuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chang YS, Chang CC, Shen JH, Chen YT, Chan KKW. Nonallergic Eyelid Edema After Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection: Case Report and Review of Literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1610. [PMID: 26402825 PMCID: PMC4635765 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Periocular botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injections are generally safe. Ptosis is the most common adverse effect, whereas eyelid edema is rarely reported. There is no consensus on the latter's incidence, clinical course, or treatment strategy. Here we managed a 59-year-old woman who received BoNTA injections to her forehead, glabella, and eye corner. At 3-day follow-up, she presented with painless, nonpruritic, bilateral periorbital edema, and erythema. Preliminary diagnosis was a local allergic reaction, and topical corticosteroid was administered, but upon lack of improvement, edema secondary to venous and lymphatic congestion was hypothesized, and she was advised to apply hot pads over her eyes, blink frequently, and massage the area. Her eyelid edema resolved 2 weeks later. At 4-month follow-up, the patient requested and received another course of BoNTA at half the dose. Frequent blinking was instructed, and the patient reported a satisfactory outcome with no adverse effects. In our literature review, incidence of BoNTA-induced eyelid edema was 1.4% and showed Asian tendency. Although rare, BoNTA-induced periorbital edema is self-limiting, and normally resolves in 2 to 4 weeks without medical treatment. Patients at risk for edema, including Asian ethnicity, dermatochalasis, and poor periocular muscle tone, are advised to receive injections at half the dosage. Examination of the function and tone of the orbicularis oculi and levator palpebrae superioris muscles before treatment is recommended, and application of hot pads over the eyes, frequent blinking in the morning, and self-massage of the affected area to increase venous return have demonstrated to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Shuo Chang
- From the Department of Dermatology (Y-SC), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Aesthetic Medicine Center (Y-SC, C-CC, J-HS), Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Cosmetic Science (C-CC), Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology (J-HS), Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan County, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology (Y-TC), Shung Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; and Hospital Authority (KK-WC), Hong Kong SAR
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A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies the Skin Color Genes IRF4, MC1R, ASIP, and BNC2 Influencing Facial Pigmented Spots. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1735-1742. [PMID: 25705849 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Facial pigmented spots are a common skin aging feature, but genetic predisposition has yet to be thoroughly investigated. We conducted a genome-wide association study for pigmented spots in 2,844 Dutch Europeans from the Rotterdam Study (mean age: 66.9±8.0 years; 47% male). Using semi-automated image analysis of high-resolution digital facial photographs, facial pigmented spots were quantified as the percentage of affected skin area (mean women: 2.0% ±0.9, men: 0.9% ±0.6). We identified genome-wide significant association with pigmented spots at three genetic loci: IRF4 (rs12203592, P=1.8 × 10(-27)), MC1R (compound heterozygosity score, P=2.3 × 10(-24)), and RALY/ASIP (rs6059655, P=1.9 × 10(-9)). In addition, after adjustment for the other three top-associated loci the BNC2 locus demonstrated significant association (rs62543565, P=2.3 × 10(-8)). The association signals observed at all four loci were successfully replicated (P<0.05) in an independent Dutch cohort (Leiden Longevity Study n=599). Although the four genes have previously been associated with skin color variation and skin cancer risk, all association signals remained highly significant (P<2 × 10(-8)) when conditioning the association analyses on skin color. We conclude that genetic variations in IRF4, MC1R, RALY/ASIP, and BNC2 contribute to the acquired amount of facial pigmented spots during aging, through pathways independent of the basal melanin production.
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Hamer MA, Jacobs LC, Lall JS, Wollstein A, Hollestein LM, Rae AR, Gossage KW, Hofman A, Liu F, Kayser M, Nijsten T, Gunn DA. Validation of image analysis techniques to measure skin aging features from facial photographs. Skin Res Technol 2015; 21:392-402. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Hamer
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) - sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA); Leiden The Netherlands
| | - L. C. Jacobs
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) - sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA); Leiden The Netherlands
| | - J. S. Lall
- Unilever Research and Development; Colworth Science Park; Sharnbrook UK
| | - A. Wollstein
- Section of Evolutionary Biology; Department of Biology II; University of Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - L. M. Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - A. Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - F. Liu
- Department of Forensic Molecular Biology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Kayser
- Department of Forensic Molecular Biology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - T. Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) - sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA); Leiden The Netherlands
| | - D. A. Gunn
- Unilever Research and Development; Colworth Science Park; Sharnbrook UK
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