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Avila JP, Carvalho BM, Coimbra EC. A Comprehensive View of the Cancer-Immunity Cycle (CIC) in HPV-Mediated Cervical Cancer and Prospects for Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1333. [PMID: 36831674 PMCID: PMC9954575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with more than 500,000 new cases each year and a mortality rate of around 55%. Over 80% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The most important risk factor for CC is persistent infection by a sexually transmitted virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV). Conventional treatments to eradicate this type of cancer are accompanied by high rates of resistance and a large number of side effects. Hence, it is crucial to devise novel effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have aimed to develop immunotherapeutic methods for treating cancer. However, these strategies have not proven to be effective enough to combat CC. This means there is a need to investigate immune molecular targets. An adaptive immune response against cancer has been described in seven key stages or steps defined as the cancer-immunity cycle (CIC). The CIC begins with the release of antigens by tumor cells and ends with their destruction by cytotoxic T-cells. In this paper, we discuss several molecular alterations found in each stage of the CIC of CC. In addition, we analyze the evidence discovered, the molecular mechanisms and their relationship with variables such as histological subtype and HPV infection, as well as their potential impact for adopting novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliane Campos Coimbra
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco (ICB/UPE), Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, Recife 50100-130, PE, Brazil
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Duhen T, Gough MJ, Leidner RS, Stanton SE. Development and therapeutic manipulation of the head and neck cancer tumor environment to improve clinical outcomes. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:902160. [PMID: 35937775 PMCID: PMC9354490 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.902160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical response to cancer therapies involves the complex interplay between the systemic, tumoral, and stromal immune response as well as the direct impact of treatments on cancer cells. Each individual's immunological and cancer histories are different, and their carcinogen exposures may differ. This means that even though two patients with oral tumors may carry an identical mutation in TP53, they are likely to have different pre-existing immune responses to their tumors. These differences may arise due to their distinct accessory mutations, genetic backgrounds, and may relate to clinical factors including previous chemotherapy exposure and concurrent medical comorbidities. In isolation, their cancer cells may respond similarly to cancer therapy, but due to their baseline variability in pre-existing immune responses, patients can have different responses to identical therapies. In this review we discuss how the immune environment of tumors develops, the critical immune cell populations in advanced cancers, and how immune interventions can manipulate the immune environment of patients with pre-malignancies or advanced cancers to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
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Buckley PR, Lee CH, Pereira Pinho M, Ottakandathil Babu R, Woo J, Antanaviciute A, Simmons A, Ogg G, Koohy H. HLA-dependent variation in SARS-CoV-2 CD8 + T cell cross-reactivity with human coronaviruses. Immunology 2022; 166:78-103. [PMID: 35143694 PMCID: PMC9111820 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The conditions and extent of cross-protective immunity between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and common-cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs) remain open despite several reports of pre-existing T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals without prior exposure. Using a pool of functionally evaluated SARS-CoV-2 peptides, we report a map of 126 immunogenic peptides with high similarity to 285 MHC-presented peptides from at least one HCoV. Employing this map of SARS-CoV-2-non-homologous and homologous immunogenic peptides, we observe several immunogenic peptides with high similarity to human proteins, some of which have been reported to have elevated expression in severe COVID-19 patients. After combining our map with SARS-CoV-2-specific TCR repertoire data from COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, we show that public repertoires for the majority of convalescent patients are dominated by TCRs cognate to non-homologous SARS-CoV-2 peptides. We find that for a subset of patients, >50% of their public SARS-CoV-2-specific repertoires consist of TCRs cognate to homologous SARS-CoV-2-HCoV peptides. Further analysis suggests that this skewed distribution of TCRs cognate to homologous or non-homologous peptides in COVID-19 patients is likely to be HLA-dependent. Finally, we provide 10 SARS-CoV-2 peptides with known cognate TCRs that are conserved across multiple coronaviruses and are predicted to be recognized by a high proportion of the global population. These findings may have important implications for COVID-19 heterogeneity, vaccine-induced immune responses, and robustness of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Buckley
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM)John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chloe H. Lee
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM)John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mariana Pereira Pinho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM)John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Rosana Ottakandathil Babu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM)John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM)John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM)John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM)John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM)John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hashem Koohy
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM)John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Tang Y, Zhang AXJ, Chen G, Wu Y, Gu W. Prognostic and therapeutic TILs of cervical cancer-Current advances and future perspectives. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 22:410-430. [PMID: 34553029 PMCID: PMC8430272 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a top lethal cancer for women worldwide. Although screening and vaccination programs are available in many countries, resulting in the decline of new cases, this is not true for developing countries where there are many new cases and related deaths. Cancer immunotherapy through adaptive cell therapy (ACT) has been applied in clinics, but now much attention is focused on autogenic tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-based therapy, which has shown more specificity and better ability to inhibit tumor growth. Data from melanoma and cervical cancers confirm that tumor-specific T cells in TILs can be expanded for more specific and effective ACT. Moreover, TILs are derived from individual patients and are ready to home back to kill tumor cells after patient infusion, aligning well with personalized and precision medicine. In addition to therapy, TIL cell types and numbers are good indicators of host immune response to the tumor, and thus they have significant values in prognosis. Because of the special relationship with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical cancer has some specialties in TIL-based prognosis and therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the prognostic significance of TILs and TIL-based therapy for cervical cancer and discuss related perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Gillion ITM Research Institute, Guangzhou Hongkeyuan, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anne X J Zhang
- Gillion ITM Research Institute, Guangzhou Hongkeyuan, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Gillion ITM Research Institute, Guangzhou Hongkeyuan, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanheng Wu
- Gillion ITM Research Institute, Guangzhou Hongkeyuan, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Gillion ITM Research Institute, Guangzhou Hongkeyuan, Guangzhou, China.,Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Nagarsheth NB, Norberg SM, Sinkoe AL, Adhikary S, Meyer TJ, Lack JB, Warner AC, Schweitzer C, Doran SL, Korrapati S, Stevanović S, Trimble CL, Kanakry JA, Bagheri MH, Ferraro E, Astrow SH, Bot A, Faquin WC, Stroncek D, Gkitsas N, Highfill S, Hinrichs CS. TCR-engineered T cells targeting E7 for patients with metastatic HPV-associated epithelial cancers. Nat Med 2021; 27:419-425. [PMID: 33558725 PMCID: PMC9620481 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-01225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered T cell therapy can induce remarkable tumor responses in hematologic malignancies. However, it is not known if this type of therapy can be applied effectively to epithelial cancers, which account for 80-90% of human malignancies. We have conducted a first-in-human, phase 1 clinical trial of T cells engineered with a T cell receptor targeting HPV-16 E7 for the treatment of metastatic human papilloma virus-associated epithelial cancers (NCT02858310). The primary endpoint was maximum tolerated dose. Cell dose was not limited by toxicity with a maximum dose of 1 × 1011 engineered T cells administered. Tumor responses following treatment were evaluated using RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) guidelines. Robust tumor regression was observed with objective clinical responses in 6 of 12 patients, including 4 of 8 patients with anti-PD-1 refractory disease. Responses included extensive regression of bulky tumors and complete regression of most tumors in some patients. Genomic studies, which included intra-patient tumors with dichotomous treatment responses, revealed resistance mechanisms from defects in critical components of the antigen presentation and interferon response pathways. These findings demonstrate that engineered T cells can mediate regression of common carcinomas, and they reveal immune editing as a constraint on the curative potential of cellular therapy and possibly other immunotherapies in advanced epithelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha B Nagarsheth
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott M Norberg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Sinkoe
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Justin B Lack
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew C Warner
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Stacey L Doran
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Soumya Korrapati
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanja Stevanović
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelia L Trimble
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kanakry
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Hadi Bagheri
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin Ferraro
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Adrian Bot
- Kite, A Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - William C Faquin
- Pathology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nikolaos Gkitsas
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven Highfill
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian S Hinrichs
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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