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Pourmotabbed A, Talebi S, Mehrabani S, Babaei A, Khosroshahi RA, Bagheri R, Wong A, Ghoreishy SM, Amirian P, Zarpoosh M, Hojjati Kermani MA, Moradi S. The association of ultra-processed food intake with neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of large-scale cohorts. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38753992 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2351320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to uncover the relationship between UPFs intake and neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitive impairment, and dementia. SETTING A systematic search was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and ISI Web of Science databases without any limitation until June 24, 2023. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled by using a random-effects model, while validated methods examined quality and publication bias via Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, Egger's regression asymmetry, and Begg's rank correlation tests, respectively. RESULTS Analysis from 28 studies indicated that a higher UPFs intake was significantly related to an enhanced risk of MS (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.33; I2 = 37.5%; p = 0.050; n = 14), PD (RR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.02; I2 = 64.1%; p = 0.001; n = 15), and cognitive impairment (RR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.30; I2 = 74.1%; p = 0.003; n = 17), although not AD or dementia. We observed that a 25 g increment in UPFs intake was related to a 4% higher risk of MS (RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06; I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.013; n = 7), but not PD. The non-linear dose-response relationship indicated a positive non-linear association between UPF intake and the risk of MS (Pnonlinearity = 0.031, Pdose-response = 0.002). This association was not observed for the risk of PD (Pnonlinearity = 0.431, Pdose-response = 0.231). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that persistent overconsumption of UPFs may have an adverse impact on neurodegenerative conditions, potentially leading to a decline in quality of life and reduced independence as individuals age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourmotabbed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Ira
| | - Atefeh Babaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Amiri Khosroshahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student research committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Amirian
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zarpoosh
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Ayala-Garcia A, Soldevila-Domenech N, Yi SY, de la Torre R, Steffen LM. Diet patterns associated with cognitive decline: methods to harmonize data from European and US cohort studies. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1379531. [PMID: 38577153 PMCID: PMC10992460 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1379531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary intake on cognitive outcomes and dementia prevention is a topic of increasing interest. Meta-analyses of observational studies, mostly conducted within US and European populations, have reported benefits of healthy diet patterns on cognitive performance, but results from individual studies have been inconsistent. These inconsistencies are likely due to the diverse methodology used in studies, including different diet and cognitive function assessment instruments, follow-up periods, and analytical methods, which make drawing conclusions relevant to dietary guidance challenging. The objective of this project is to describe a protocol to conduct a retrospective harmonization study on dietary intake and cognitive health using data from European and US studies. The recommendations resulting from the project can be used to support evidence-based synthesis for future iterations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans or other population-based dietary guidance. Additionally, this study will serve as a harmonization guide for future research on the relationship between diet patterns and cognition. The approach outlined ultimately aims to optimize resources and expedite research efforts for dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Ayala-Garcia
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, Spain
| | - So-Yun Yi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lyn M. Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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McEvoy CT, Jennings A, Steves CJ, Macgregor A, Spector T, Cassidy A. Diet patterns and cognitive performance in a UK Female Twin Registry (TwinsUK). Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:17. [PMID: 38263271 PMCID: PMC10804649 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diets may provide protection against cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, but observational data have not been consistent. Previous studies include early life confounding from socioeconomic conditions and genetics that are known to influence both cognitive performance and diet behaviour. This study investigated associations between Mediterranean (MED) diet and MIND diets and cognitive performance accounting for shared genotype and early-life environmental exposures in female twins. METHODS Diet scores were examined in 509 female twins enrolled in TwinsUK study. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery was used to assess cognition at baseline and 10 years later (in n = 275). A co-twin case-control study for discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins examined effects of diet on cognitive performance independent of genetic factors. Differences in relative abundance of taxa at 10-year follow-up were explored in subsamples. RESULTS Each 1-point increase in MIND or MED diet score was associated with 1.75 (95% CI: - 2.96, - 0.54, p = 0.005 and q = 0.11) and 1.67 (95% CI: - 2.71, - 0.65, p = 0.002 and q = 0.02) fewer respective errors in paired-associates learning. Within each MZ pair, the twin with the high diet score had better preservation in spatial span especially for MED diet (p = 0.02). There were no differences between diet scores and 10-year change in the other cognitive tests. MIND diet adherence was associated with higher relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 (0.30% (95% CI 0.17, 0.62), q = 0.05) which was also associated with less decline in global cognition over 10 years (0.22 (95% CI 0.06, 0.39), p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS MIND or MED diets could help to preserve some cognitive abilities in midlife, particularly episodic and visuospatial working memory. Effects may be mediated by high dietary fibre content and increased abundance of short-chain fatty acid producing gut bacteria. Longer follow-up with repeated measures of cognition will determine whether diet can influence changes in cognition occurring in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire T McEvoy
- The Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
- The Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences B, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK.
| | - Amy Jennings
- The Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, UK
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- The Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Henney AE, Gillespie CS, Alam U, Hydes TJ, Mackay CE, Cuthbertson DJ. High intake of ultra-processed food is associated with dementia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Neurol 2024; 271:198-210. [PMID: 37831127 PMCID: PMC10770002 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Poor cardiometabolic health is associated with dementia. Considering previous meta-analyses have confirmed associations between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and cardiometabolic disease, we were interested in the contribution of UPF consumption to the risk of developing dementia. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all records registered on Ovid Medline and Web of Science from inception until December 2022 [PROSPERO (CRD42023388363)]. Studies that assessed UPF consumption in adults, determined according to NOVA, and that reported dementia (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and mild cognitive impairment) determined by clearly stated diagnostic criteria (including formal assessment of dementia or use of diagnostic codes) were included. The association between UPF consumption and dementia was assessed using random-effects meta-analysis, controlling for confounding variables. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and evidence credibility evaluated using the NutriGrade system. RESULTS Seven thousand ten records were screened, and 122 records underwent full text review. From these, 10 observational (8 longitudinal) studies, analysing 867,316 individuals, were included. Included studies adjusted for age, socioeconomic status and co-morbidity, alongside other confounders. High (vs. low) intake of UPF was associated with increased risk of dementia (pooled relative risk 1.44 (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.90) (p = 0.02)) (I2 = 97.0%), although moderate (vs. low) intake of UPF was not (1.12 (0.96-1.31) (0.13)) (85.0%). Funnel plots demonstrate low risk of publication bias. CONCLUSION High UPF consumption is associated with dementia. Public health measures to reduce overconsumption of UPFs are imperative to reduce the burden of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Henney
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Conor S Gillespie
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Uazman Alam
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Theresa J Hydes
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clare E Mackay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Cuthbertson
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
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Hwang PH, Ang TFA, De Anda-Duran I, Liu X, Liu Y, Gurnani A, Mez J, Auerbach S, Joshi P, Yuan J, Devine S, Au R, Liu C. Examination of potentially modifiable dementia risk factors across the adult life course: The Framingham Heart Study. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2975-2983. [PMID: 36656649 PMCID: PMC10354206 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined for associations between potentially modifiable risk factors across the adult life course and incident dementia. METHODS Participants from the Framingham Heart Study were included (n = 4015). Potential modifiable risk factors included education, alcohol intake, smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, social network, diabetes, and hypertension. Cox models were used to examine associations between each factor and incident dementia, stratified by early adult life (33-44 years), midlife (45-65 years), and late life (66-80 years). RESULTS Increased dementia risk was associated with diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-2.46) and physical inactivity (HR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.12-2.20) in midlife, and with obesity (HR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.08-2.87) in late life. Having multiple potential modifiable risk factors in midlife and late life was associated with greater risk. DISCUSSION Potentially modifiable risk factors individually have limited impact on dementia risk in this population across the adult life course, although in combination they may have a synergistic effect. HIGHLIGHTS Diabetes and physical inactivity in midlife is associated with increased dementia risk. Obesity in late life is associated with increased dementia risk. Having more potentially modifiable risk factors in midlife and late life is associated with greater dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip H. Hwang
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ting Fang Alvin Ang
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ileana De Anda-Duran
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashita Gurnani
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sanford Auerbach
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Prajakta Joshi
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of General Dentistry, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sherral Devine
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
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Hsieh CJ, Chiou JM, Chen TF, Chen YC, Chen JH. Association of subclinical depressive symptoms and sleep with cognition in the community-dwelling older adults. J Formos Med Assoc 2023:S0929-6646(23)00072-4. [PMID: 36964100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND /Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association of subclinical depressive symptoms and sleep with cognition in community-dwelling Taiwanese older adults. METHODS This four-year prospective cohort study (2015-2019) included 379 participants aged 65 years or older from the annual senior health checkup program at National Taiwan University Hospital who were followed up two years later. Global and domain cognitive functions were assessed using validated neuropsychological tests. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Generalized linear mixed models were used to explore the associations of subclinical depressive symptoms and sleep variables with cognition, adjusting for important covariates. Stratification analyses were performed using the sleep variables. RESULTS Over time, depressive symptoms were associated with poor performance of memory (βˆ = 0.24, P = 0.04) and executive function (βˆ = -0.24, P = 0.03). Poor sleep quality (elevated PSQI score) was associated with poor memory performance (βˆ = -0.04 to -0.03, P < 0.05). Excessive daytime sleepiness (elevated ESS score) was associated with poor performance of memory (βˆ = -0.02, P < 0.05) and executive function (βˆ = -0.02, P = 0.001). At baseline, better sleep quality and no excessive daytime sleepiness were associated with better memory performance over time. CONCLUSION Subclinical depressive symptoms, worse sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness were differentially associated with impairment of cognitive domains (mainly memory and executive function).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Jow Hsieh
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Min Chiou
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Hau Chen
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tsiknia AA, Bergstrom J, Reas ET. Midlife omega-3 fatty acid intake predicts later life white matter microstructure in an age- and APOE-dependent manner. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2143-2151. [PMID: 35584792 PMCID: PMC9977375 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 intake has been positively associated with healthy brain aging, yet it remains unclear whether high omega-3 intake beginning early in life may optimize its protective effects against brain aging. We examined whether omega-3 intake is associated with brain microstructure over 2 decades later among dementia-free older adults. The 128 participants (62% women; age at magnetic resonance imaging: 76.6 ± 7.9) from the Rancho Bernardo Study of Healthy Aging completed at least 1 dietary assessment between 1984 and 1996 and underwent restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) 22.8 ± 3.1 years later. We evaluated associations between prior omega-3 intake and RSI metrics of gray and white matter (WM) microstructure. Higher prior omega-3 intake was associated with greater restricted diffusion in the superior cortico-striatal fasciculus. A correlation between higher prior omega-3 intake and greater cingulum restricted diffusion was stronger among participants >80 years old. Higher omega-3 intake correlated with greater restricted diffusion in the inferior longitudinal and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus more strongly for apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers than noncarriers. Associations were not modified by adjustment for dietary pattern, health, or lifestyle. High omega-3 intake in midlife may help to maintain WM integrity into older age, particularly in the latest decades of life and among APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaryllis A Tsiknia
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0841, United States
| | - Jaclyn Bergstrom
- School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Emilie T Reas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0841, United States
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Schulz CA, Weinhold L, Schmid M, Nöthen MM, Nöthlings U. Analysis of associations between dietary patterns, genetic disposition, and cognitive function in data from UK Biobank. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:511-521. [PMID: 36152054 PMCID: PMC9899759 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research suggests that diet influences cognitive function and the risk for neurodegenerative disease. The present study aimed to determine whether a recently developed diet score, based on recommendations for dietary priorities for cardio metabolic health, was associated with fluid intelligence, and whether these associations were modified by individual genetic disposition. METHODS This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource. Analyses were performed using self-report data on diet and the results for the verbal-numerical reasoning test of fluid intelligence of 104,895 individuals (46% male: mean age at recruitment 57.1 years (range 40-70)). For each participant, a diet score and a polygenic score (PGS) were constructed, which evaluated predefined cut-offs for the intake of fruit, vegetables, fish, processed meat, unprocessed meat, whole grain, and refined grain, and ranged from 0 (unfavorable) to 7 (favorable). To investigate whether the diet score was associated with fluid intelligence, and whether the association was modified by PGS, linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The average diet score was 3.9 (SD 1.4). After adjustment for selected confounders, a positive association was found between baseline fluid intelligence and PGS (P < 0.001). No association was found between baseline fluid intelligence and diet score (P = 0.601), even after stratification for PGS, or in participants with longitudinal data available (n = 9,482). CONCLUSION In this middle-aged cohort, no evidence was found for an association between the investigated diet score and either baseline or longitudinal fluid intelligence. However, as in previous reports, fluid intelligence was strongly associated with a PGS for general cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Townsend RF, Logan D, O’Neill RF, Prinelli F, Woodside JV, McEvoy CT. Whole Dietary Patterns, Cognitive Decline and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Prospective and Intervention Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020333. [PMID: 36678204 PMCID: PMC9865080 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia prevalence is a global public health concern. Adherence towards a healthy dietary pattern (DP) may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. This narrative systematic review aimed to synthesise prospective and intervention study data to evaluate the impact of a-posteriori and a-priori derived DPs on cognitive ageing, from cognitive decline to incident dementia. Ninety-three studies were included: 83 prospective studies and 10 randomised controlled trials (RCT). Most prospective studies (77%) examined a-priori DPs, with the Mediterranean diet examined most frequently. A total of 52% of prospective and 50% of RCTs reported a protective relationship between 'healthy' DPs and global cognitive decline. Overall, 59% of prospective studies reported positive associations between healthy DPs and risk of cognitive disorder. Incident cognitive disorder was examined by only one intervention study (subgroup analysis) which reported a beneficial effect of a low-fat diet on risk of probable dementia in women. Unhealthy DPs were examined less frequently (n = 17; 21%), with 41% of these studies reporting associations between adherence and poorer cognitive outcomes. Overall, there were mixed results for healthy and unhealthy DPs on cognition, likely due to between-study heterogeneity. Standardisation of diet exposure and cognitive outcome measurement would help to reduce this. Future research would benefit from investigating effects of culturally appropriate DPs on individual cognitive domains and incident cognitive disorders in diverse and high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Logan
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Roisin F. O’Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Federica Prinelli
- Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 93 20054 Milan, Italy
| | - Jayne V. Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Claire T. McEvoy
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
- Correspondence:
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Glans I, Sonestedt E, Nägga K, Gustavsson AM, González-Padilla E, Borne Y, Stomrud E, Melander O, Nilsson PM, Palmqvist S, Hansson O. Association Between Dietary Habits in Midlife With Dementia Incidence Over a 20-Year Period. Neurology 2023; 100:e28-e37. [PMID: 36224029 PMCID: PMC9827131 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dementia cases are expected to triple during the next 30 years, highlighting the importance of finding modifiable risk factors for dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adherence to conventional dietary recommendations or to a modified Mediterranean diet are associated with a subsequent lower risk of developing all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or with future accumulation of AD-related β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology. METHODS Baseline examination in the prospective Swedish population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study took place in 1991-1996 with a follow-up for incident dementia until 2014. Nondemented individuals born 1923-1950 and living in Malmö were invited to participate. Thirty thousand four hundred forty-six were recruited (41% of all eligible). Twenty-eight thousand twenty-five had dietary data and were included in this study. Dietary habits were assessed with a 7-day food diary, detailed food frequency questionnaire, and 1-hour interview. Main outcomes were incident all-cause dementia, AD, or VaD determined by memory clinic physicians. Secondary outcome was Aβ-accumulation measured using CSF Aβ42 (n = 738). Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations between diet and risk of developing dementia (adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol). RESULTS Sixty-one percent were women, and the mean (SD) age was 58.1 (7.6) years. One thousand nine hundred forty-three (6.9%) were diagnosed with dementia (median follow-up, 19.8 years). Individuals adhering to conventional dietary recommendations did not have lower risk of developing all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] comparing worst with best adherence, 0.93, 95% CI 0.81-1.08), AD (HR 1.03, 0.85-1.23), or VaD (HR 0.93, 0.69-1.26). Neither did adherence to the modified Mediterranean diet lower the risk of developing all-cause dementia (HR 0.93 0.75-1.15), AD (HR 0.90, 0.68-1.19), or VaD (HR 1.00, 0.65-1.55). The results were similar when excluding participants developing dementia within 5 years or those with diabetes. No significant associations were found between diet and abnormal Aβ accumulation, conventional recommendations (OR 1.28, 0.74-2.24) or modified Mediterranean diet (OR 0.85, 0.39-1.84). DISCUSSION In this 20-year follow-up study, neither adherence to conventional dietary recommendations nor to modified Mediterranean diet were significantly associated with subsequent reduced risk for developing all-cause dementia, AD dementia, VaD, or AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Glans
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katarina Nägga
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna-Märta Gustavsson
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Esther González-Padilla
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yan Borne
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (I.G., K.N., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Memory Clinic (I.G., A.-M.G., Erik Stomrud, S.P., O.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö(Emily Sonestedt, E.G.-P., Y.B.), Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics (K.N.), Linköping University, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö (O.M., P.M.N.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Hsiao HT, Ma MC, Chang HI, Lin CH, Hsu SW, Huang SH, Lee CC, Huang CW, Chang CC. Cognitive Decline Related to Diet Pattern and Nutritional Adequacy in Alzheimer's Disease Using Surface-Based Morphometry. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245300. [PMID: 36558459 PMCID: PMC9784891 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary pattern (DP) results in nutrition adequacy and may influence cognitive decline and cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study explored DP in 248 patients with AD. Two neurobehavioral assessments (intervals 13.4 months) and two cortical thickness measurements derived from magnetic resonance images (intervals 26.5 months) were collected as outcome measures. Reduced rank regression was used to assess the groups of DPs and a linear mixed-effect model to explore the cortical neurodegenerative patterns. At screening, underweight body mass index (BMI) was related to significant higher lipid profile, impaired cognitive function, smaller cortical thickness, lower protein DP factor loading scores and the non-spouse caregiver status. Higher mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were related to the DP of coffee/tea, compared to the lipid/sugar or protein DP group. The underweighted-BMI group had faster cortical thickness atrophy in the pregenual and lateral temporal cortex, while the correlations between cortical thickness degeneration and high HbA1C or low B12 and folate levels were localized in the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex. The predictive model suggested that factors related to MMSE score were related to the caregiver status. In conclusion, normal or overweight BMI, coffee/tea DP group and living with a spouse were considered as protective factors for better cognitive outcomes in patients with AD. The influence of glucose, B12 and folate on the cortical degeneration was spatially distinct from the pattern of AD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tsen Hsiao
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan 700007, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Chia Ma
- Department of Statistics and Institute of Data Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333008, Taiwan
- Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhu A, Yuan C, Pretty J, Ji JS. Plant-based dietary patterns and cognitive function: A prospective cohort analysis of elderly individuals in China (2008-2018). Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2670. [PMID: 35833240 PMCID: PMC9392533 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plant-based diets confer health benefits, especially on the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. The relationship between plant-based dietary patterns on cognitive function as a neurological outcome needs more evidence. We aimed to assess the associations between plant-based dietary patterns and cognitive function among Chinese older adults. METHODS We used four waves (2008-2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We included 6136 participants aged 65 years and older with normal cognition at baseline. We constructed an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) from questionnaires. We used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive function. We used the multivariable-adjusted generalized estimating equation to explore the corresponding associations. RESULTS The multivariable-adjusted models showed inverse associations between plant-based dietary patterns and cognitive function. The highest quartiles of PDI and hPDI were associated with a 55% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.52) decrease and a 39% (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.70) decrease in the odds of cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24), compared with the lowest quartile. In contrast, the highest quartile of uPDI was associated with an increased risk (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.79, 2.31) of cognitive impairment. We did not observe pronounced differences by selected socioeconomic status, physical activity, residential greenness, and APOE ε4 status. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that adherence to healthy plant-based dietary patterns was associated with lower risks of cognitive impairment among older adults, and unhealthy plant-based dietary patterns were related to higher risks of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zhu
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public HealthZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jules Pretty
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - John S. Ji
- Vanke School of Public HealthTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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13
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Stecker M, Stecker M, Reiss AB, Kasselman L. Dementia and Diet, Methodological and Statistical Issues: A Pilot Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:606424. [PMID: 35875792 PMCID: PMC9298542 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.606424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting information on the relationship between diet and dementia. The purposes of this pilot study were twofold. First, to use publicly available data regarding food consumption (United Kingdom Family Food), dementia, risk and demographic factors to find relationships between the consumption of various foods to dementia prevalence. The second purpose was to identify elements of study design that had important effects on the results. Multiple analyses were performed on different data sets derived from the existing data. Statistical testing began with univariate correlation analyses corrected for multiple testing followed by global tests for significance. Subsequently, a number of multivariate techniques were applied including stepwise linear regression, cluster regression, regularized regression, and principal components analysis. Permutation tests and simulations highlighted the strength and weakness of each technique. The univariate analyses demonstrated that the consumption of certain foods was highly associated with the prevalence of dementia. However, because of the complexity of the data set and the high degree of correlation between variables, different multivariate analyses yielded different results, explainable by the correlations. Some factors identified as having potential associations were the consumption of rice, sugar, fruit, potatoes, meat products and fish. However, within a given dietary category there were often a number of different elements with different relations to dementia. This pilot study demonstrates some critical elements for a future study: (1) dietary factors must be very narrowly defined, (2) large numbers of cases are needed to support multivariable analyses. (3) Multiple statistical methods along with simulations must be used to confirm results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stecker
- Fresno Institute of Neuroscience, Fresno, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark Stecker,
| | - Mona Stecker
- Fresno Institute of Neuroscience, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Lora Kasselman
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
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14
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Subjective cognitive decline and total energy intake: Talk too much? Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:129-131. [PMID: 35211870 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The increasing longevity of the population has resulted in dementia becoming a leading cause of both death and disability. Dementia is not a single disease. Studies of rare Mendelian disorders have documented that Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia, is associated with a long incubation period from amyloid deposition to neurodegeneration to mild cognitive impairment and dementia. There are three broad hypotheses related to the causes of Alzheimer's dementia: (1) an aging process; (2) brain vascular disease; and (3) metabolic abnormalities associated with either increased production of amyloid-β or decreased clearance from the brain. Therefore, research on the early stages of the dementia process are of high priority. This paper reports that higher energy intake in both the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study is associated with very early symptoms that lead to mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The results are very interesting but hard to interpret because they also show that higher energy intake is not related to body mass index, a very unusual observation. A likely hypothesis is that there is an association between reporting of dietary intake and subjective symptoms, i.e. reporting bias, accounting for their results.
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15
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Vargas-Rodríguez I, Reyes-Castro LA, Pacheco-López G, Lomas-Soria C, Zambrano E, Díaz-Ruíz A, Diaz-Cintra S. POSTNATAL EXPOSURE TO LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE COMBINED WITH HIGH-FAT DIET CONSUMPTION INDUCES IMMUNE TOLERANCE WITHOUT PREVENTION IN SPATIAL WORKING MEMORY IMPAIRMENT. Behav Brain Res 2022; 423:113776. [PMID: 35120930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been related to metabolic alterations, such as obesity and cardiovascular problems, and has pronounced effects on brain plasticity and memory impairment. HFD exposure has a pro-inflammatory effect associated with microglial cell modifications in the hippocampus, a region involved in the working memory process. Immune tolerance can protect from inflammation in periphery induced by HFD consumption, when the immune response is desensitized in development period with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, maybe this previously state can change the course of the diseases associated to HFDs but is not known if can protect the hippocampus's inflammatory response. In the present study, male mice were injected with LPS (100μg.kg-1 body weight) on postnatal day 3 and fed with HFD for 16 weeks after weaning. Ours results indicated that postnatal exposure to LPS in the early postnatal developmental stage combined with HFD consumption prevented glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR, microglial process, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression, without changes in body weight gain and spatial working memory with respect vehicle + HFD group. These findings suggest that HFD consumption after postnatal LPS exposure induces hippocampal immune tolerance, without prevention in spatial working memory impairment on male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, C.P. 76230, México
| | - Luis Antonio Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México 14080
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- División de Ciencias de Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Estado de México, C.P. 52005, México
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México 14080; CONACyT-Cátedras, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México 14080
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México 14080
| | - Araceli Díaz-Ruíz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurologı́a y Neurocirugı́a, Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A, México, CP, 14269, México
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, C.P. 76230, México.
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16
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Mumme KD, Conlon CA, von Hurst PR, Jones B, Haskell-Ramsay CF, de Seymour JV, Stonehouse W, Heath ALM, Coad J, Mugridge O, Slade C, Gammon CS, Beck KL. Dietary patterns and cognitive function in older New Zealand adults: the REACH study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1943-1956. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Liu S, Ben X, Liang H, Fei Q, Guo X, Weng X, Wu Y, Wen L, Wang R, Chen J, Jing C. Association of acrylamide hemoglobin biomarkers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the general population in the US: NHANES 2013-2016. Food Funct 2021; 12:12765-12773. [PMID: 34851334 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02612g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acrylamide is a well-known potential carcinogenic compound formed as an intermediate in the Maillard reaction during heat treatment, mainly from high-temperature frying, and is found in baked goods and coffee, as well as resulting from water treatment, textiles and paper processing. The effects of acrylamide on lung disease in humans remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between blood acrylamide and glycidamide and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the United States of America (U.S.) population using PROC logistic regression models. Results: 2744 participants aged 20 to 80 from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were enrolled. After adjusting for demographic data, health factors and serum cotinine, the ratio of HbGA to HbAA (HbGA/HbAA) significantly increased the risk of COPD (P for trend = 0.022). The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for HbGA/HbAA in the third tile was 2.45 (1.12-5.31), compared with the lowest tile. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve showed a positive linear correlation between the log (HbGA/HbAA) and the risk of COPD (P = 0.030). Conclusion: The ratio of glycidamide and acrylamide (HbGA/HbAA) was associated with COPD. This association was more prominent in males, obese individuals, people with a poverty income ratio (PIR) < 1.85 or people who never exercise. However, null associations were observed between HbAA, HbGA and HbAA + HbGA, and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaosong Ben
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanzhu Liang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qiaoyuan Fei
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinrong Guo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xueqiong Weng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lin Wen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jingmin Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Ave West, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
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Gauci S, Young LM, Arnoldy L, Lassemillante AC, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Dietary patterns in middle age: effects on concurrent neurocognition and risk of age-related cognitive decline. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1129-1159. [PMID: 34392373 PMCID: PMC8990759 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Diet plays a critical role in cognitive integrity and decline in older adults. However, little is known about the relationship between diet and cognitive integrity in middle age. Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary patterns in healthy middle-aged adults and neurocognition both in middle age and later in life. Data Sources Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, the following electronic databases were searched: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsychInfo. Data Extraction Data from eligible articles was extracted by 2 reviewers. Data Analysis Articles included in the systematic review were synthesized (based on the synthesis without meta-analysis reporting guidelines) and assessed for quality (using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies) by 2 reviewers. Results Of 1558 studies identified, 34 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. These comprised 9 cross-sectional studies, 23 longitudinal or prospective cohort studies, and 2 randomized controlled trials. Findings were mixed, with some studies reporting a significant positive relationship between adherence to various “healthy” dietary patterns and neurocognition, but others reporting no such relationship. Conclusion This systematic review demonstrated that adherence to the Mediterranean diet and other healthy dietary patterns in middle age can protect neurocognition later in life. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020153179.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gauci
- the Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- S. Gauci, Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Mail H24, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Lauren M Young
- the Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lizanne Arnoldy
- the Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annie-Claude Lassemillante
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences and the Department of Health Professions, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- the Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- the Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
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Lazar RM, Howard VJ, Kernan WN, Aparicio HJ, Levine DA, Viera AJ, Jordan LC, Nyenhuis DL, Possin KL, Sorond FA, White CL. A Primary Care Agenda for Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Stroke 2021; 52:e295-e308. [PMID: 33719523 DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A healthy brain is critical for living a longer and fuller life. The projected aging of the population, however, raises new challenges in maintaining quality of life. As we age, there is increasing compromise of neuronal activity that affects functions such as cognition, also making the brain vulnerable to disease. Once pathology-induced decline begins, few therapeutic options are available. Prevention is therefore paramount, and primary care can play a critical role. The purpose of this American Heart Association scientific statement is to provide an up-to-date summary for primary care providers in the assessment and modification of risk factors at the individual level that maintain brain health and prevent cognitive impairment. Building on the 2017 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association presidential advisory on defining brain health that included "Life's Simple 7," we describe here modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline, including depression, hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, poor diet, smoking, social isolation, excessive alcohol use, sleep disorders, and hearing loss. These risk factors include behaviors, conditions, and lifestyles that can emerge before adulthood and can be routinely identified and managed by primary care clinicians.
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20
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Viggiano D, Wagner CA, Martino G, Nedergaard M, Zoccali C, Unwin R, Capasso G. Mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in CKD. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:452-469. [PMID: 32235904 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is an increasingly recognized major cause of chronic disability and is commonly found in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Knowledge of the relationship between kidney dysfunction and impaired cognition may improve our understanding of other forms of cognitive dysfunction. Patients with CKD are at an increased risk (compared with the general population) of both dementia and its prodrome, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which are characterized by deficits in executive functions, memory and attention. Brain imaging in patients with CKD has revealed damage to white matter in the prefrontal cortex and, in animal models, in the subcortical monoaminergic and cholinergic systems, accompanied by widespread macrovascular and microvascular damage. Unfortunately, current interventions that target cardiovascular risk factors (such as anti-hypertensive drugs, anti-platelet agents and statins) seem to have little or no effect on CKD-associated MCI, suggesting that the accumulation of uraemic neurotoxins may be more important than disturbed haemodynamic factors or lipid metabolism in MCI pathogenesis. Experimental models show that the brain monoaminergic system is susceptible to uraemic neurotoxins and that this system is responsible for the altered sleep pattern commonly observed in patients with CKD. Neural progenitor cells and the glymphatic system, which are important in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis, may also be involved in CKD-associated MCI. More detailed study of CKD-associated MCI is needed to fully understand its clinical relevance, underlying pathophysiology, possible means of early diagnosis and prevention, and whether there may be novel approaches and potential therapies with wider application to this and other forms of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gianvito Martino
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Reggio Calabria Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Robert Unwin
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London (UCL), Royal Free Campus, London, UK.,Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. .,Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
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Hu EA, Wu A, Dearborn JL, Gottesman RF, Sharrett AR, Steffen LM, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Adherence to Dietary Patterns and Risk of Incident Dementia: Findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:827-835. [PMID: 33044177 PMCID: PMC7934551 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that adherence to healthy dietary patterns during late life may be associated with improved cognition. However, few studies have examined the association between healthy dietary patterns during midlife and incident dementia. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to determine the association between adherence to healthy dietary patterns at midlife and incident dementia. METHODS We included 13,630 adults from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study in our prospective analysis. We used food frequency questionnaire responses to calculate four dietary scores: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean (aMed) diet, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Participants were followed until the end of 2017 for incident dementia. Cox regression models adjusted for covariates were used to estimate risk of incident dementia by quintile of dietary scores. RESULTS Over a median of 27 years, there were 2,352 cases of incident dementia documented. Compared with participants in quintile 1 of HEI-2015, participants in quintile 5 (healthiest) had a 14% lower risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio, HR: 0.86, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.74-0.99). There were no significant associations of incident dementia with the AHEI-2010, aMed, or DASH scores. There were no significant interactions by sex, age, race, education, physical activity, hypertension, or obesity. CONCLUSION Adherence to the HEI-2015, but not the other dietary scores, during midlife was associated with lower risk of incident dementia. Further research is needed to elucidate whether timing of a healthy diet may influence dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aozhou Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer L. Dearborn
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - A. Richey Sharrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lyn M. Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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