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De-La-Borda-Prazak G, Mendez-Guerra C, Huertas-Campos F, Herrera-Añazco P, Benites-Zapata VA. Ethnicity and refractive errors in Peruvian children aged 7-11 years: A five-year analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2024; 17:100486. [PMID: 38713932 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2023.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between ethnicity and self-reported refractive errors (REs) among Peruvian children aged 7-11 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study incorporating a secondary data analysis of 2017-2021 data from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). REs and ethnicity were obtained from focal child's mother's report. Four outcomes were assessed: hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and any RE. We included potential confounders, such as age, sex, wealth index, area of residence, region of origin, frequency of watching TV and watching screens at less than 30 cm distance. Generalised linear models with the Poisson family and log link function were used to calculate crude prevalence ratio and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Data from a total of 52,753 children were included. The prevalence of RE in children aged 7-11 years was 10.90% (95% CI 10.49-11.33), of which 5.19% were hyperopia, 3.35% myopia and 2.36% astigmatism. Those of the Aymara ethnicity were less likely to suffer from any RE and astigmatism (aPR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.46-0.99, p = 0.046; aPR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.53-0.92, p = 0.012, respectively), Members of Amazon groups were more likely to have hyperopia (aPR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.14-3.36, p = 0.015) and Quechuas were more likely to have myopia (aPR =1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.62, p = 0.028), where all were compared to Mestizos. CONCLUSION About 1 in 10 Peruvian children suffer from a RE. The most frequent RE in this study was hyperopia. Ethnic differences were seen in the frequency of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vicente A Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
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Hou X, Wang L, Zhu D, Guo L, Weng J, Zhang M, Zhou Z, Zou D, Ji Q, Guo X, Wu Q, Chen S, Yu R, Chen H, Huang Z, Zhang X, Wu J, Wu J, Jia W. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in adults with diabetes in China. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4296. [PMID: 37463878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The current epidemic status of diabetic retinopathy in China is unclear. A national prevalence survey of diabetic complications was conducted. 50,564 participants with gradable non-mydriatic fundus photographs were enrolled. The prevalence rates (95% confidence intervals) of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy were 16.3% (15.3%-17.2%) and 3.2% (2.9%-3.5%), significantly higher in the northern than in the southern regions. The differences in prevalence between those who had not attained a given metabolic goal and those who had were more pronounced for Hemoglobin A1c than for blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The participants with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy had significantly higher proportions of visual impairment and blindness than those with non-vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy. The likelihoods of diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy were also associated with education levels, household income, and multiple dietary intakes. Here, we show multi-level factors associated with the presence and the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital and the Diabetes Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dajin Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjing Huang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China.
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Xu S, Zong Z, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tao S, Wu X, Tao F. Association between sleep-wake schedules and myopia among Chinese school-aged children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:135. [PMID: 37013536 PMCID: PMC10071756 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep-wake schedules and self-reported myopia in the pediatric population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study in 2019, school-aged children and adolescents in the Baoan District of Shenzhen City were sampled using a stratified cluster sampling approach. Sleep-wake schedules of children were determined by a self-administered questionnaire. The age that participants first reported using myopia correction glasses or contact lenses was used to identify those with myopia. Pearson χ2 test was used to examine differences in myopia prevalence among participants with different characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounding variables, was applied to examine the relationship between sleep-wake schedule and risk of self-reported myopia, and a stratification analysis by school grade was also performed. RESULTS A total of 30,188 students were recruited. In this study, the overall prevalence of myopia was 49.8%, with prevalence rates of 25.6%, 62.4%, and 75.7% for primary, junior high, and senior high school students, respectively. Students with irregular sleep-wake times reported a higher prevalence of myopia than those with regular sleep-wake times. Nighttime sleep duration of < 7 hours/day (h/d) (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.17-1.38), no daytime nap (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.03-1.18), irregular weekday bedtime (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.17), irregular weekday wake time (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.12-1.30), weekend bedtime delayed > = 1 h/d (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11-1.29, P < 0.001), weekend wake time delayed > = 1 h/d (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.03-1.19), irregular sleep-wake time on weekdays (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.07-1.19), and social jetlag > = 1 h (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.14) were likely to be associated with increased risks of self-reported myopia after adjusting age, sex, grade, parental education level, family income, parental myopia, academic record, and academic workload. When stratified by school grade, we observed that nighttime sleep duration < 7 h/d, no daytime naps, and irregular sleep-wake time on weekdays were significantly associated with self-reported myopia in primary school students. CONCLUSION Insufficient sleep and irregular sleep-wake schedules can increase the risk of self-reported myopia in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xindong Zhang
- Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518101, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518101, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Patasova K, Khawaja AP, Wojciechowski R, Mahroo OA, Falchi M, Rahi JS, Hammond CJ, Hysi PG. A genome-wide analysis of 340 318 participants identifies four novel loci associated with the age of first spectacle wear. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3012-3019. [PMID: 35220419 PMCID: PMC9433727 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractive errors, particularly myopia, are the most common eye conditions, often leading to serious visual impairment. The age of onset is correlated with the severity of refractive error in adulthood observed in epidemiological and genetic studies and can be used as a proxy in refractive error genetic studies. To further elucidate genetic factors that influence refractive error, we analysed self-reported age of refractive error correction data from the UK Biobank European and perform genome-wide time-to-event analyses on the age of first spectacle wear (AFSW). Genome-wide proportional hazards ratio analyses were conducted in 340 318 European subjects. We subsequently assessed the similarities and differences in the genetic architectures of refractive error correction from different causes. All-cause AFSW was genetically strongly correlated (rg = -0.68) with spherical equivalent (the measured strength of spectacle lens required to correct the refractive error) and was used as a proxy for refractive error. Time-to-event analyses found genome-wide significant associations at 44 independent genomic loci, many of which (GJD2, LAMA2, etc.) were previously associated with refractive error. We also identified six novel regions associated with AFSW, the most significant of which was on chromosome 17q (P = 3.06 × 10-09 for rs55882072), replicating in an independent dataset. We found that genes associated with AFSW were significantly enriched for expression in central nervous system tissues and were involved in neurogenesis. This work demonstrates the merits of time-to-event study design in the genetic investigation of refractive error and contributes additional knowledge on its genetic risk factors in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Patasova
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Omar A Mahroo
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas’ Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jugnoo S Rahi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Chris J Hammond
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK. Tel: +44 (0)2071888545; Fax: +44 (0)2071886761;
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Asefa NG, Neustaeter A, Vehof J, Nolte IM, Snieder H, Jansonius NM. Development and validation of a questionnaire-based myopia proxy in adults: the LifeLines Cohort Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2022:bjophthalmol-2021-319166. [PMID: 35273020 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To build a questionnaire-based myopia proxy and to validate the proxy by confirming its association with educational attainment and a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) for myopia. METHODS Data were collected between 2014 and 2017 from 88 646 Dutch adults from the LifeLines Cohort. First, we performed principal component analysis (PCA) to responses of five refraction-status questions. Second, we measured the refractive state in a subset of LifeLines participants (n=326) and performed logistic regression using myopia (mean spherical equivalent <-0.5 D) as a dependent variable and the principal components (PCs) as independent variables. We identified specificity, sensitivity and the classification threshold. Third, the classification equation was applied to the remaining LifeLines participants. The value of the proxy was then explored by calculating its association with educational attainment and a PRS of myopia. RESULTS A total of 77 096 participants (58.1% women) were eligible for the PCA. The first two PCs had a specificity of 91.9% (95% CI 87.8% to 95.4%) and a sensitivity of 90.4% (95% CI 84.3% to 96.4%) for myopia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 95.0% (95% CI 92.2% to 97.8%). The age-standardised prevalence of proxy-inferred myopia was 33.8% (95% CI 33.4% to 34.3%). Compared with low education level, the ORs of proxy-inferred myopia were 1.66 (95% CI 1.58 to 1.74, p=5.94×10-90) and 2.54 (95% CI 2.41 to 2.68, p=4.04×10-271) for medium and high education levels, respectively. Similarly, individuals at the top 10% of PRS (vs lower 90%) had an OR of 2.18 (95% CI 1.98 to 2.41, p=6.57×10-56) for proxy-inferred myopia, whereas those at the highest decile had an OR of 4.51 (95% CI 3.9 to 5.21, p=1.74×10-89) when compared with the lowest decile. CONCLUSION Self-administered refractive error-related questions could be used as an effective tool to capture proxy-inferred myopic cases in a population-based setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigus G Asefa
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Neustaeter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nomdo M Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cumberland PM, Bountziouka V, Hammond CJ, Hysi PG, Rahi JS. Temporal trends in frequency, type and severity of myopia and associations with key environmental risk factors in the UK: Findings from the UK Biobank Study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260993. [PMID: 35045072 PMCID: PMC8769366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated temporal trends in the epidemiology of primary myopia and associations with key environmental risk factors in a UK population. Data were collected at recruitment (non-cycloplegic autorefraction, year of birth, sex, ethnicity, highest educational attainment, reason and age of first wearing glasses and history of eye disease) from 107,442 UK Biobank study participants aged 40 to 69 years, born between 1939 and 1970. Myopia was defined as mean spherical equivalent (MSE) ≤-1 dioptre (D). Temporal changes in myopia frequency by birth cohort (5-year bands using date of birth) and associations with environmental factors were analysed, distinguishing both type (childhood-onset, <18 years versus adult-onset) and severity (three categories: low -1.00 to -2.99D, moderate -3.00 to -5.99D or high ≥-6.00D). Overall myopia frequency increased from 20.0% in the oldest cohort (births 1939–1944) to 29.2% in the youngest (1965–1970), reflecting a relatively higher increase in frequency of adult-onset and low myopia. Childhood-onset myopia peaked in participants born in 1950–54, adult-onset myopia peaked in the cohort born a decade later. The distribution of MSE only shifted for childhood-onset myopia (median: -3.8 [IQR -2.4, -5.4] to -4.4 [IQR -3.0, -6.2]). The magnitude of the association between higher educational attainment (proxy for educational intensity) and myopia overall increased over time (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 2.7 [2.5, 2.9] in the oldest versus 4.2 [3.3, 5.2] in the youngest cohort), being substantially greater for childhood-onset myopia (OR 3.3 [2.8, 4.0] to 8.0 [4.2, 13]). Without delineating childhood-onset from adult-onset myopia, important temporal trends would have been obscured. The differential impact of educational experience/intensity on both childhood-onset and high myopia, amplified over time, suggests a cohort effect in gene-environment interaction with potential for increasing myopia frequency if increasing childhood educational intensity is unchecked. However, historical plateauing of myopia frequency does suggest some potential for effective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillippa M Cumberland
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, Ulverscroft Foundation, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Bountziouka
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, Ulverscroft Foundation, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jugnoo S Rahi
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, Ulverscroft Foundation, Leicester, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Plotnikov D, Sheehan NA, Williams C, Atan D, Guggenheim JA. Hyperopia Is Not Causally Associated With a Major Deficit in Educational Attainment. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:34. [PMID: 34709397 PMCID: PMC8556559 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.12.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hyperopia (farsightedness) has been associated with a deficit in children's educational attainment in some studies. We aimed to investigate the causality of the relationship between refractive error and educational attainment. Methods Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in 74,463 UK Biobank participants was used to estimate the causal effect of refractive error on years spent in full-time education, which was taken as a measure of educational attainment. A polygenic score for refractive error derived from 129 genetic variants was used as the instrumental variable. Both linear and nonlinear (allowing for a nonlinear relationship between refractive error and educational attainment) MR analyses were performed. Results Assuming a linear relationship between refractive error and educational attainment, the causal effect of refractive error on years spent in full-time education was estimated as -0.01 yr/D (95% confidence interval, -0.04 to +0.02; P = 0.52), suggesting minimal evidence for a non-zero causal effect. Nonlinear MR supported the hypothesis of the nonlinearity of the relationship (I2 = 80.3%; Cochran's Q = 28.2; P = 8.8e-05) but did not suggest that hyperopia was associated with a major deficit in years spent in education. Conclusions This work suggested that the causal relationship between refractive error and educational attainment was nonlinear but found no evidence that moderate hyperopia caused a major deficit in educational attainment. Importantly, however, because statistical power was limited and some participants with moderate hyperopia would have worn spectacles as children, modest adverse effects may have gone undetected. Translational Relevance These findings suggest that moderate hyperopia does not cause a major deficit in educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Plotnikov
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Nuala A Sheehan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cathy Williams
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Denize Atan
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Mccrann S, Loughman J, Butler JS, Paudel N, Flitcroft DI. Smartphone use as a possible risk factor for myopia. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 104:35-41. [PMID: 32452059 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrates an association between myopia and smartphone data usage. Youths now spend more time participating in near tasks as a result of smartphone usage. This poses an additional risk factor for myopia development/progression and is an important research question in relation to potential myopia management strategies. BACKGROUND Children are now exposed to another possible environmental risk factor for myopia - smartphones. This study investigates the amount of time students spend on their smartphones and their patterns of smartphone usage from a myopia perspective. METHODS Primary, secondary and tertiary level students completed a questionnaire exploring patterns of smartphone usage and assessing their attitudes toward potential myopia risk factors. Device-recorded data usage over an extended period was quantified as the primary and objective indicator of phone use. Average daily time spent using a smartphone was also quantified by self-reported estimates. Refractive status was verified by an optometrist. RESULTS Smartphone ownership among the 418 students invited to participate was over 99-per cent. Average daily smartphone data and time usage was 800.37 ± 1,299.88-MB and 265.16 ± 168.02-minutes respectively. Myopic students used almost double the amount of smartphone data at 1,130.71 ± 1,748.14-MB per day compared to non-myopes at 613.63 ± 902.15-MB (p = 0.001). Smartphone time usage was not significantly different (p = 0.09, 12-per cent higher among myopes). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that myopic refractive error was statistically significantly associated with increasing daily smartphone data usage (odds ratio 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.14) as well as increasing age (odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17) and number of myopic parents (odds ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.06-2.3). Seventy-three per cent of students believed that digital technology may adversely affect their eyes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an association between myopia and smartphone data usage. Given the serious nature of the ocular health risks associated with myopia, our findings indicate that this relationship merits more detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoirse Mccrann
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Loughman
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Optometry, African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal , Durban, South Africa
| | - John S Butler
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Technological University Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nabin Paudel
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Ian Flitcroft
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin , Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Children's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
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Liu J, Chen Q, Dang J. Examining risk factors related to digital learning and social isolation: Youth visual acuity in COVID-19 pandemic. J Glob Health 2021; 11:05020. [PMID: 34484707 PMCID: PMC8397325 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Around the globe, various self-quarantine, social distancing, and school-closure policies were implemented during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak to reduce disease transmission. Many economies/territories were compelled to consider digital learning modalities. In particular, increased digital learning engagement with digital devices and mounting psychosocial stress due to social isolation are likely to pose adverse risks for youth visual health globally. This study examines the association between increased digital device use, psychosocial stress, and myopia symptoms among Chinese youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a retrospective observational population study consisting of 3918 participants enrolled in primary, secondary, and university in China. Participants are recruited through an online survey, which included self-reported information on daily digital device use, psychosocial stress level, condition of visual acuity, and demographic information. We utilize statistical tools including χ2 test, paired sample t test, and multiple multivariate logistic regression. Results Each hour increase in digital device use is associated with 1.25 odds ratio OR (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21-1.30; P < 0.001) increased risk of developing myopic symptoms, each additional hour of digital device use weighted by near-view and blue-light exposure is associated with OR = 1.04 OR (95% CI = 1.03-1.05; P < 0.001) and OR = 2.25 (95% CI = 1.94-2.60; P < 0.001) increased risk respectively. Subjects reporting under stressful conditions are between OR = 1.98 (95% CI = 1.67-2.36; P < 0.001) and OR = 2.03 (95% CI = 1.71-2.42; P < 0.001) more likely to develop myopic symptoms, relative to those citing less stress. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic led to favorable conditions for myopigenic behavioral changes characterized by extended sedentary engagement with digital devices, which are significantly associated with higher risks of myopia incidence. Relatedly, psychosocial stress accompanying prolonged social isolation during the pandemic is a less noticeable, albeit significant risk factor for myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiaoyi Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingxia Dang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Boutin TS, Charteris DG, Chandra A, Campbell S, Hayward C, Campbell A, Nandakumar P, Hinds D, Mitry D, Vitart V. Insights into the genetic basis of retinal detachment. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:689-702. [PMID: 31816047 PMCID: PMC7068119 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal detachment (RD) is a serious and common condition, but genetic studies to date have been hampered by the small size of the assembled cohorts. In the UK Biobank data set, where RD was ascertained by self-report or hospital records, genetic correlations between RD and high myopia or cataract operation were, respectively, 0.46 (SE = 0.08) and 0.44 (SE = 0.07). These correlations are consistent with known epidemiological associations. Through meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies using UK Biobank RD cases (N = 3 977) and two cohorts, each comprising ~1 000 clinically ascertained rhegmatogenous RD patients, we uncovered 11 genome-wide significant association signals. These are near or within ZC3H11B, BMP3, COL22A1, DLG5, PLCE1, EFEMP2, TYR, FAT3, TRIM29, COL2A1 and LOXL1. Replication in the 23andMe data set, where RD is self-reported by participants, firmly establishes six RD risk loci: FAT3, COL22A1, TYR, BMP3, ZC3H11B and PLCE1. Based on the genetic associations with eye traits described to date, the first two specifically impact risk of a RD, whereas the last four point to shared aetiologies with macular condition, myopia and glaucoma. Fine-mapping prioritized the lead common missense variant (TYR S192Y) as causal variant at the TYR locus and a small set of credible causal variants at the FAT3 locus. The larger study size presented here, enabled by resources linked to health records or self-report, provides novel insights into RD aetiology and underlying pathological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud S Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Aman Chandra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southend University Hospital, Essex SS0 0RY, UK.,Vision & Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Susan Campbell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - David Hinds
- 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, Sunnyvale, CA 94041, USA
| | | | - Danny Mitry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, NW3 2QG London, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Liu J, Li B, Chen Q, Dang J. Student Health Implications of School Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Evidence on the Association of e-Learning, Outdoor Exercise, and Myopia. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050500. [PMID: 33922486 PMCID: PMC8146057 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced many education systems to consider alternative remote e-learning modalities, which have consequential behavioral and health implications for youth. In particular, increased e-learning engagement with digital screens and reduction in outdoor activities are two likely channels posing adverse risks for myopia development. This study investigated the association between e-learning screen use, outdoor activity, lighting condition, and myopia development among school-age children in China, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from 3405 school-age children attending primary, lower-secondary, and upper-secondary schools in China. Univariate parametric and nonparametric tests, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. Findings show that each diopter hour increase in daily e-learning screen use is significantly associated with progression of myopia symptoms (OR: 1.074, 95% CI: 1.058–1.089; p < 0.001), whereas engaging in outdoor exercise four to six times per week (OR: 0.745, 95% CI: 0.568–0.977; p = 0.034) and one to three times per week (OR: 0.829, 95% CI: 0.686–0.991; p = 0.048) is associated with a lower likelihood of myopia progression than none at all. In addition, we found that indoor lighting that is either “too dim” (OR: 1.686, 95% CI: 1.226–2.319; p = 0.001) or “too bright” (OR: 1.529, 95% CI: 1.007–2.366; p = 0.036) is significantly associated higher likelihood of myopic symptoms. Findings in this study uncover the less observable vision consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on youths through digital online learning and highlight the importance of considering appropriate mitigation strategies to deal with this emerging public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (J.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Baihuiyu Li
- Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (J.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Qiaoyi Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Jingxia Dang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (J.D.)
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12
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Plotnikov D, Williams C, Atan D, Davies NM, Ghorbani Mojarrad N, Guggenheim JA. Effect of Education on Myopia: Evidence from the United Kingdom ROSLA 1972 Reform. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:7. [PMID: 32886096 PMCID: PMC7476669 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have consistently reported an association between education and myopia. However, conventional observational studies are at risk of bias due to confounding by factors such as socioeconomic position and parental educational attainment. The current study aimed to estimate the causal effect of education on refractive error using regression discontinuity analysis. Methods Regression discontinuity analysis was applied to assess the influence on refractive error of the raising of the school leaving age (ROSLA) from 15 to 16 years introduced in England and Wales in 1972. For comparison, a conventional ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis was performed. The analysis sample comprised 21,548 UK Biobank participants born in a nine-year interval centered on September 1957, the date of birth of those first affected by ROSLA. Results In OLS analysis, the ROSLA 1972 reform was associated with a -0.29 D (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.36 to -0.21, P < 0.001) more negative refractive error. In other words, the refractive error of the study sample became more negative by -0.29 D during the transition from a minimum school leaving age of 15 to 16 years of age. Regression discontinuity analysis estimated the causal effect of the ROSLA 1972 reform on refractive error as -0.77 D (95% CI: -1.53 to -0.02, P = 0.04). Conclusions Additional compulsory schooling due to the ROSLA 1972 reform was associated with a more negative refractive error, providing additional support for a causal relationship between education and myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Plotnikov
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Williams
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Denize Atan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Neil M Davies
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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13
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Kim H, Koo H, Han E. Socioeconomic and physical health status changes after visual impairment in Korea using difference-in-difference estimations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:820. [PMID: 33686137 PMCID: PMC7940481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the impact of visual impairment on socioeconomic and physical health status and its heterogeneity by severity of visual impairment. We used nationally representative cohort data based on Korean national health insurance claims (2002–2013), which were extracted for 11,030 persons (2206 visually impaired, 8824 control). This was restructured as monthly data for each person (person-month). Multivariate and ordered logistic regressions were conducted, and the pre-impairment status between the visually impaired and non-visually impaired people was adjusted by difference-in-difference (DiD) estimation. Focusing on medical aid (a public healthcare service assistance program for people who cannot afford health insurance premiums), the DiD estimate showed that the likelihood of receiving aid was higher among visually impaired compared with non-impaired people. Mildly and severely visually impaired people were more likely to be medical aid recipients than their counterparts. The severely visually impaired group was more likely to be unemployed. The visually impaired group were less likely to have no comorbidity. Our findings show that the socioeconomic and physical health status of visually impaired people is more likely to deteriorate than that of their non-visually impaired counterparts following onset of impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyero Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 162-1 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Heejo Koo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 162-1 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Euna Han
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 162-1 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, South Korea.
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14
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Ng H, Vermeer KA, van Meurs JC, La Heij EC. Visual Acuity Inadequately Reflects Vision-Related Quality of Life in Patients After Macula-Off Retinal Detachment Surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:34. [PMID: 32805003 PMCID: PMC7441472 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the impact of postoperative visual function on the vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in patients after anatomically successful surgery for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and to propose a classification to grade the extent of macular detachment using preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. Methods This prospective study evaluated 48 patients. At 12 months after surgery, visual function assessments were as follows: metamorphopsia (M-CHARTS), aniseikonia (New Aniseikonia Test), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS]), low contrast BCVA (10% ETDRS), color vision (Hardy Rand Rittler), and stereopsis (Titmus Fly). VRQoL was assessed by the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEIVFQ-25). Associations between visual function parameters and NEIVFQ-25 scores were evaluated. Preoperative OCT-scans were classified into six stages according to the extent of macular detachment based on an ETDRS-grid: incomplete perifoveal detachment (1), incomplete parafoveal detachment (2), incomplete foveal detachment (3), complete foveal detachment (4), complete parafoveal detachment (5), and complete perifoveal detachment (6). Results General vision and driving were the lowest scoring categories. General vision had the strongest correlation with low contrast BCVA (r = −0.41, P = 0.002), while driving had the strongest correlation with stereopsis (r = −0.39, P = 0.008). All macular detachments were graded stage 3 or beyond. Patients with stage 3 macular detachments had the highest visual function values compared to the other stages. The highest percentage of patients with metamorphopsia, aniseikonia and BCVA>0.1 logMAR was found in stages 5 and 6. Conclusions Macula-off RRD particularly affects general vision and driving. The extent of macular detachment is a potential predictor for visual function and can be graded using the proposed classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heijan Ng
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan C van Meurs
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Vitreoretinal Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen C La Heij
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Vitreoretinal Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Liu J, Li B, Sun Y, Chen Q, Dang J. Adolescent Vision Health During the Outbreak of COVID-19: Association Between Digital Screen Use and Myopia Progression. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:662984. [PMID: 34113588 PMCID: PMC8185041 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.662984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted education systems globally, making digital devices common arrangements for adolescent learning. However, vision consequences of such behavioral changes are not well-understood. This study investigates the association between duration of daily digital screen engagement and myopic progression among 3,831 Chinese adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study subjects report an average of 2.70 (SD = 1.77), 3.88 (SD = 2.23), 3.58 (SD = 2.30), and 3.42 (SD = 2.49) hours of television, computer, and smartphone for digital learning use at home, respectively. Researchers analyzed the association between digital screen use and myopic symptoms using statistical tools, and find that every 1 h increase in daily digital screen use is associated with 1.26 OR [Odds Ratio] (95% CI [Confidence Interval: 1.21-1.31, p < 0.001]) higher risks of myopic progression. Using computers (OR = 1.813, 95% CI = 1.05-3.12, p = 0.032) and using smartphones (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.19-3.43, p = 0.009) are shown to be associated with higher risks of myopic progression than television use. Results from additional sensitivity tests that included inverse probability weights which accounted for heterogeneous user profile across different device type categories confirm that these findings are robust. In conclusion, this study finds that daily digital screen use is positively associated with prevalence of myopic progression and holds serious vision health implications for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
| | - Baihuiyu Li
- Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
| | - Qiaoyi Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Jingxia Dang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
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16
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Jamaluddin Ahmad M, Maw Pin T, Khaliddin N, Effendi-Tenang I, Amir NN, Kamaruzzaman SB, Ramli N. The Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR): Prevalence and Factors Associated With Vision Impairment in an Urban Population in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2020; 33:280-286. [PMID: 33375833 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520983667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low vision and blindness are major health issues affecting ageing population. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in Petaling Jaya North, Petaling Jaya South, and Lembah Pantai using data from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research. There were 1322 participants aged ≥55 years selected by random sampling from parliamentary electoral rolls. Visual acuity was assessed using the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution chart at 4 m distance. The overall population-adjusted prevalence of VI was 9.0%. The estimated prevalence of VI was highest in Malays followed by Indians and Chinese. Following adjustments for ethnic discrepancies in age, marital status, education level, gender and medical illness, the Malay ethnicity remained an independent association for VI. Education level was associated with Indian ethnicity. In conclusion, the Malay ethnicity and lower education level among Indian ethnicity were found to be associated with VI among the older population in Malaysia. The Malay ethnicity showed the highest prevalence of VI followed by Indians and Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan Maw Pin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur Shah Alam.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Nurliza Khaliddin
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Irina Effendi-Tenang
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Najieha Amir
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur Shah Alam
| | - Norlina Ramli
- UM Eye Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malaya, Malaysia
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17
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Risk Factors for Retinal Detachment: A Case-Control Study. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:445-451. [PMID: 32510908 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for retinal detachment or tear (RD/T), and follow up two studies that found increased risk from work-related heavy lifting. METHODS We conducted a case-control study including 200 cases of RD/T and 415 controls. Participants completed a questionnaire covering general health, vision, and physical exertion. Multiple logistic regression and propensity score matching was used to control confounding and estimate independent effects. RESULTS RD/T risk was increased by one lifting measure: current regular lifting of more than 30 lbs (>13.6 kg). In the population aged less than 65 years, the odds ratio comparing those with/without heavy lifting was 1.81, 95% confidence interval = 1.08 to 3.04. CONCLUSION Occupational heavy lifting may represent a risk factor for RD/T, but further research is needed in populations with frequent heavy physical exertion to more precisely quantify the risk.
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18
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Kibet Yego W, Moodley VR. Visual Acuity and Refractive Error Improvement in Keratoconic Patients: A Low-Income Context Management Perspective. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2020; 12:113-122. [PMID: 32884386 PMCID: PMC7443409 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s258905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visual acuity (VA) and refractive error (RE) remain important parameters in the management of keratoconic (KC) patients. Despite rapid amelioration in capacity of diagnostic equipment, these remain inaccessible to the majority of practitioners in low-income countries. Notwithstanding limitations, practitioners are expected to utilize existing resources to satisfactorily manage their increasing numbers of keratoconic patients. PURPOSE To determine the changes in visual acuity and refractive errors with diagnostic and management options available in low-income contexts. METHODS A descriptive, retrospective chart analysis of medical records dating back 5 years was employed in this study. Records of patients prescribed with corneal rigid gas permeable (RGP) and scleral lenses were analyzed. Data on age, gender, stage of keratoconus, pre-, and post-visual acuities and refractive errors, mode of correction and lens parameters were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 124 medical records were analyzed. Males comprised 58.9% and females 41.1% of the total sample, with a mean age 20.86 ± 9.50 years. The mean unaided VA in logMAR notation was 1.0±0.19, while corrected VA was 0.18±0.17. There was a significant improvement (p=0.001) in VA with corneal RGP contact lenses (mean 0.19±0.17) as compared to unaided VA (mean 1.29±0.20). Scleral lens VA also improved from a median of 1.06 to -0.01 logMAR; p=0.001. The mean RE before RGP contact lens fitting was -9.43±2.37 diopters (D) which improved to -0.41±0.78D. RE reduced significantly (p=0.001) after fitting with both corneal RGP lenses (from a mean of -9.80±4.46D to -0.45±0.80D) and scleral lenses (from a median of -8.00D to -0.02D). CONCLUSION Significantly improved visual acuity and refractive error status were achieved with all KC patients. Despite the diagnostic equipment and contact lenses design limitations, practitioners in low-income contexts can fit the relatively more affordable corneal RGP lenses to positively impact the daily living experiences of their KC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Kibet Yego
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
- Correspondence: Walter Kibet YegoDepartment of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, KenyaTel +254 724891819 Email
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19
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Otte B, Woodward MA, Ehrlich JR, Stagg BC. Self-reported Eyeglass Use by US Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 Years or Older. JAMA Ophthalmol 2018; 136:1047-1050. [PMID: 30003222 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Medicare benefits do not include coverage for eyeglasses except after cataract surgery. Understanding the implications of a change to this policy would require knowing the number of Medicare beneficiaries who use eyeglasses, but no recent estimates are available. Objective To estimate the number of older adults with Medicare who use eyeglasses. Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the 2015 US National Health and Aging Trends Study. Nationally representative data from 7497 respondents were reviewed and sample weights were applied so that the data represented 43.9 million Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older. The estimates were based on the following 4 groupings of beneficiaries: (1) number who used eyeglasses for distance vision correction and had distance vision impairment, (2) number who did not use eyeglasses for distance vision correction and had distance vision impairment, (3) number who used eyeglasses for near vision correction and had near vision impairment, and (4) number who did not use eyeglasses for near vision correction and had near vision impairment. The prevalence of self-reported use of glasses was estimated using the results of this survey and the Medicare enrollment file. Data were analyzed from July 12, 2017, to November 30, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported use of eyeglasses or contact lenses. Results Of the estimated 43.9 million Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older in 2015, approximately 40.5 million (92.4%; 95% CI, 91.6%-93.1%) reported using eyeglasses for either distance or near vision correction. Differences in sociodemographics were observed between those who reported using eyeglasses. Individuals who were older, were nonwhite, had lower educational levels, were less affluent, and had prior cataract surgery were significantly less likely to use eyeglasses. Approximately 27 million beneficiaries (61.7%; 95% CI, 60.3%-63.1%) used eyeglasses for distance vision correction, and approximately 37.2 million beneficiaries (84.8%; 95% CI, 83.8%-85.8%) used eyeglasses for near vision correction. Conclusions and Relevance Potential sociodemographic disparities in eyeglass use by age, race/ethnicity, educational level, and income were identified. This finding suggests that innovative public policy solutions are needed to address these disparities among the large number of Medicare beneficiaries who use eyeglasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Otte
- School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Maria A Woodward
- Center for Eye Policy & Innovation, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Joshua R Ehrlich
- Center for Eye Policy & Innovation, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Brian C Stagg
- Center for Eye Policy & Innovation, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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20
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Ryu E, Olson JE, Juhn YJ, Hathcock MA, Wi CI, Cerhan JR, Yost KJ, Takahashi PY. Association between an individual housing-based socioeconomic index and inconsistent self-reporting of health conditions: a prospective cohort study in the Mayo Clinic Biobank. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020054. [PMID: 29764878 PMCID: PMC5961601 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using surveys to collect self-reported information on health and disease is commonly used in clinical practice and epidemiological research. However, the inconsistency of self-reported information collected longitudinally in repeated surveys is not well investigated. We aimed to investigate whether a socioeconomic status based on current housing characteristics, HOUsing-based SocioEconomic Status (HOUSES) index linking current address information to real estate property data, is associated with inconsistent self-reporting. STUDY SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We performed a prospective cohort study using the Mayo Clinic Biobank (MCB) participants who resided in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, at the time of enrolment between 2009 and 2013, and were invited for a 4-year follow-up survey (n=11 717). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Using repeated survey data collected at the baseline and 4 years later, the primary outcome was the inconsistency in survey results when reporting prevalent diseases, defined by reporting to have 'ever' been diagnosed with a given disease in the baseline survey but reported 'never' in the follow-up survey. Secondary outcome was the response rate for the 4-year follow-up survey. RESULTS Among the MCB participants invited for the 4-year follow-up survey, 8508/11 717 (73%) responded to the survey. Forty-three per cent had at least one inconsistent self-reported disease. Lower HOUSES was associated with higher inconsistency rates, and the association remained significant after pertinent characteristics such as age and perceived general health (OR=1.46; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.84 for the lowest compared with the highest HOUSES decile). HOUSES was also associated with lower response rate for the follow-up survey (56% vs 77% for the lowest vs the highest HOUSES decile). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the importance of using the HOUSES index that reflects current SES when using self-reporting through repeated surveys, as the HOUSES index at baseline survey was inversely associated with inconsistent self-report and the response rate for the follow-up survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Young J Juhn
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew A Hathcock
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chung-Il Wi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathleen J Yost
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul Y Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Brunes A, Hansen MB, Heir T. Post-traumatic stress reactions among individuals with visual impairments: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:2111-2118. [PMID: 29644887 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1459884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of post-traumatic stress reactions among individuals with visual impairment (VI). Materials and methods: Qualitative and quantitative studies were identified through searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Libraries. The literature search was limited to humans, of English and Scandinavian languages and publication year between 1980 and 2017. Study quality was assessed for all the included studies and extracted data were synthesized using narrative analysis. Results: Of 4235 records identified through literature search, eleven were included in the analyses. Results from the qualitative studies illustrated multiple physical, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive manifestations of trauma. Four out of five quantitative studies showed that various types of potentially traumatic events were significantly associated with mental health adversities (p < 0.05). The prevalence of post-traumatic mental disorders was 4-21.2% for depression, 0.9% for dysthymia, and 32% for substance misuse. The quality of the reviewed studies was considered low to moderate. Conclusion: Traumatic experiences appear to have a great impact on the mental health in people with visual impairment (VI) and these results highlight their need for mental health care. Future studies with higher methodological rigor are recommended. Implications for rehabilitation Visual impairment entails a greater susceptibility to some types of potentially traumatic events, especially threats in everyday life. This calls for a greater emphasis on safe community environments and universal design in public spaces. In rehabilitation after serious accidents or potentially traumatic events, professionals working with people with vision impairment should be aware of the different manifestations of post-traumatic stress responses and that some stress responses may cause additional disability. The high prevalence of traumatic events and their impact on mental health in individuals with visual impairments highlights a need of mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audun Brunes
- a Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies , Oslo , Norway
| | - Marianne B Hansen
- a Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies , Oslo , Norway
| | - Trond Heir
- a Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies , Oslo , Norway.,b Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Bonadiman BDSR, Cadoná FC, Assmann CE, Weis GCC, de Oliveira Alves A, Duarte MF, Chaves CM, do Carmo Chaves C, dos Santos Motta KM, Ribeiro EE, Bagatini MD, da Cruz IBM. Guarana (Paullinia cupana): Cytoprotective effects on age-related eye dysfunction. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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