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Mazul AL, Chidambaram S, Zevallos JP, Massa ST. Disparities in head and neck cancer incidence and trends by race/ethnicity and sex. Head Neck 2023; 45:75-84. [PMID: 36200577 PMCID: PMC9742317 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of head and neck cancer (HNC) sites differ substantially. This study compares HNC incidence trends by site and demographic subgroups. METHODS We used the U.S. Cancer Statistics Public Use Database to calculate HNC incidence rates per 100 000. We assessed trends with annual percent change (APC) longitudinally from 2001 to 2017. RESULTS The oropharyngeal cancer incidence APC decreased from 4.38% (95% CI: 3.6, 5.1) to 2.93% (2.5, 3.3) in 2008 among White males. Oral cavity cancer incidence rose in Other race males (APC 2.5% [1.6, 3.36]) and White females (APC: 0.96% [0.7, 1.2]). Although decreasing (APC: -1.15% [-1.48, -0.83]), laryngeal cancer incidence remained disproportionately high among Black males. CONCLUSIONS Notable incidence trends occurred in non-White groups at non-oropharyngeal sites. With parity of smoking rates by race, differing sexual behaviors, and shifting demographics by race and sex, future studies of HNC trends should consider stratifying analyses to understand health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Mazul
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Smrithi Chidambaram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jose P Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sean T Massa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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2
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the idea that carcinogenesis might be caused by viruses was first voiced about 100 years ago, today's data disappointingly show that we have not made much progress in preventing and/or treating viral cancers in a century. According to recent studies, infections are responsible for approximately 13% of cancer development in the world. Today, it is accepted and proven by many authorities that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV1) and highly oncogenic Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause or/and contribute to cancer development in humans. AREAS COVERED Considering the insufficient prevention and/or treatment strategies for viral cancers, in this review we present the current knowledge on protein biomarkers of oncogenic viruses. In addition, we aimed to decipher their potential for clinical use by evaluating whether the proposed biomarkers are expressed in body fluids, are druggable, and act as tumor suppressors or oncoproteins. EXPERT OPINION Consequently, we believe that this review will shed light on researchers and provide a guide to find remarkable solutions for the prevention and/or treatment of viral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medi Kori
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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O'Neill WQ, Wasman J, Thuener J, Chatfield-Reed K, Lukesic L, Kyasram R, Shanahan J, Szelesety B, Vu B, Lavertu P, Rezaee R, Li S, Fowler N, Teknos TN, Pan Q. African Americans With p16+ and p16- Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas Have Distinctly Poor Treatment Outcomes Independent of Medical Care Access. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 17:e695-e702. [PMID: 33974822 DOI: 10.1200/op.20.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papilloma virus-positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), diagnosed with p16 immunohistochemistry, is associated with favorable prognosis; however, this connection was established using European American (EA)-skewed populations. The impact of p16/human papillomavirus status on outcomes in African American (AA) OPSCC patients remains to be settled. In this study, we determine the association between cancer disparity and p16 status in an OPSCC cohort controlling for time to treatment initiation (TTI), a surrogate for medical care access. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data from all patients diagnosed with OPSCC (N = 440) between 2010 and 2017, who received treatment at our academic medical center. Associations between age, disease stage, sex, p16 status, race, TTI, and overall survival (OS) were investigated. RESULTS TTI was similar between AA and EA OPSCC patients in our p16+ (P = .291) or p16- (P = .715) cohorts. Among p16+ OPSCC patients, the median OS was > 8.65 years for EA patients compared with 5.038 years (95% CI, 2.019 to 5.30; P = .003, log-rank) for AA patients. For p16- patients, the median OS was 5.74 years (95% CI, 3.32 to 6.99) for EA patients and 1.85 years (95% CI, 0.978 to 4.50; P = .03, log-rank) for AA patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that race was an independent prognostic biomarker and the most impactful co-variate for OS (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.69; P = .001). CONCLUSION Our work showed that AAs with p16+ OPSCC have surprisingly poor clinical outcomes and are thus poor candidates for treatment de-escalation regimens. Caution should be exercised when extending clinical guidelines based on EA-majority studies to non-EA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Quinn O'Neill
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jay Wasman
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jason Thuener
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Ravi Kyasram
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - John Shanahan
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Blake Szelesety
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brandon Vu
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Pierre Lavertu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Rod Rezaee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Shawn Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Nicole Fowler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Theodoros N Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Quintin Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.,University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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4
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Stein E, Lenze NR, Yarbrough WG, Hayes DN, Mazul A, Sheth S. Systematic review and meta‐analysis of racial survival disparities among oropharyngeal cancer cases by
HPV
status. Head Neck 2020; 42:2985-3001. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.26328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Stein
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado Denver Colorado USA
| | - Nicholas R. Lenze
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Wendell G. Yarbrough
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology‐Oncology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - Angela Mazul
- Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology Washington University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri USA
| | - Siddharth Sheth
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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5
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Ekanayake Weeramange C, Tang KD, Vasani S, Langton-Lockton J, Kenny L, Punyadeera C. DNA Methylation Changes in Human Papillomavirus-Driven Head and Neck Cancers. Cells 2020; 9:E1359. [PMID: 32486347 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of DNA methylation patterns is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Similar to other cancer types, human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven head and neck cancer (HNC) also reveals alterations in its methylation profile. The intrinsic ability of HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 to interfere with DNA methyltransferase activity contributes to these methylation changes. There are many genes that have been reported to be differentially methylated in HPV-driven HNC. Some of these genes are involved in major cellular pathways, indicating that DNA methylation, at least in certain instances, may contribute to the development and progression of HPV-driven HNC. Furthermore, the HPV genome itself becomes a target of the cellular DNA methylation machinery. Some of these methylation changes appearing in the viral long control region (LCR) may contribute to uncontrolled oncoprotein expression, leading to carcinogenesis. Consistent with these observations, demethylation therapy appears to have significant effects on HPV-driven HNC. This review article comprehensively summarizes DNA methylation changes and their diagnostic and therapeutic indications in HPV-driven HNC.
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6
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Poropatich K, Paunesku T, Zander A, Wray B, Schipma M, Dalal P, Agulnik M, Chen S, Lai B, Antipova O, Maxey E, Brown K, Wanzer MB, Gursel D, Fan H, Rademaker A, Woloschak GE, Mittal BB. Elemental Zn and its Binding Protein Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein are Elevated in HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16965. [PMID: 31740720 PMCID: PMC6861298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is biologically distinct from HPV-negative HNSCC. Outside of HPV-status, few tumor-intrinsic variables have been identified that correlate to improved survival. As part of exploratory analysis into the trace elemental composition of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), we performed elemental quanitification by X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) on a small cohort (n = 32) of patients with HPV-positive and -negative OPSCC and identified in HPV-positive cases increased zinc (Zn) concentrations in tumor tissue relative to normal tissue. Subsequent immunohistochemistry of six Zn-binding proteins—zinc-α2-glycoprotein (AZGP1), Lipocalin-1, Albumin, S100A7, S100A8 and S100A9—revealed that only AZGP1 expression significantly correlated to HPV-status (p < 0.001) and was also increased in tumor relative to normal tissue from HPV-positive OPSCC tumor samples. AZGP1 protein expression in our cohort significantly correlated to a prolonged recurrence-free survival (p = 0.029), similar to HNSCC cases from the TCGA (n = 499), where highest AZGP1 mRNA levels correlated to improved overall survival (p = 0.023). By showing for the first time that HPV-positive OPSCC patients have increased intratumoral Zn levels and AZGP1 expression, we identify possible positive prognostic biomarkers in HNSCC as well as possible mechanisms of increased sensitivity to chemoradiation in HPV-positive OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Poropatich
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alia Zander
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Wray
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Schipma
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Prarthana Dalal
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mark Agulnik
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Olga Antipova
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Evan Maxey
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Koshonna Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Beau Wanzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Demirkan Gursel
- Northwestern University Pathology Core Facility, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hanli Fan
- Northwestern University Pathology Core Facility, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bharat B Mittal
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Abstract
Since their discovery as the etiologic agents of cervical cancer in the mid-1970s, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been linked with a growing number of epithelial-derived tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. HPV demonstrates a particular predilection for causing tumors of the oropharynx, with the majority of cases involving infection with high-oncogenic risk HPV-16. People living with HIV are at increased risk of infection with HPV- and HPV-related oral complications even with adequate control of their HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy. In this chapter, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that underlie HPV-mediated oncogenesis in the oropharynx. We also describe the progress that has been made in understanding the epidemiology of oral HPV infection and the determinants of oral HPV-related pathology. Finally, we examine what can be done to treat and prevent oral HPV infection, benign lesions, and cancer, particularly in the context of the HIV-positive patient.
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8
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Wang L, Zhao L, Jia X, Jiang L, Song Y, Ye Q, Lyu Z. Aminophenols increase proliferation of thyroid tumor cells by inducing the transcription factor activity of estrogen receptor α. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:621-628. [PMID: 30399599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminophenols, which are widely used as components of hair dye and medicine, may function as environmental endocrine disruptors by regulating the proliferation of endocrine-related cancers. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a key regulator of breast cancer. Recently, it was found that ERα may also participate in the transformation and progression of thyroid tumors, but its interaction with aminophenols and its function in thyroid tumors is not clear. In this study, the transcription factor activity of ERα in BHP10-3 cells (a thyroid tumor cell line) was examined using luciferase assays. The promoter recruitment of ERα was examined using chromatin co-precipitation (ChIP). Additionally, in an in vivo study, BHP10-3 cells were transplanted into nude mice. Upon administration of aminophenols, the transcription factor activity of ERα was significantly increased in BHP10-3 cells, and the recruitment of ERα to the promoter of its target gene was increased. Aminophenols enhanced the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of BHP10-3 cells. By discovering that aminophenols induce the onco-promoting activity of ERα, our study extends the understanding of the function of aminophenols and suggests that ERα is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, PR China; Department of Internal Medicine, No. 316 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100093, PR China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
| | - Xiaomeng Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
| | - Lina Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
| | - Yeqiong Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The third people's hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 510150, PR China.
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | - Zhaohui Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
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9
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Boscolo-Rizzo P, Furlan C, Lupato V, Polesel J, Fratta E. Novel insights into epigenetic drivers of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: role of HPV and lifestyle factors. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:124. [PMID: 29209433 PMCID: PMC5704592 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the explosion of high throughput sequencing technologies has enabled epigenome-wide analyses, allowing a more comprehensive overview of the oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) epigenetic landscape. In this setting, the cellular pathways contributing to the neoplastic phenotype, including cell cycle regulation, cell signaling, DNA repair, and apoptosis have been demonstrated to be potential targets of epigenetic alterations in OPSCC. Of note, it has becoming increasingly clear that HPV infection and OPSCC lifestyle risk factors differently drive the epigenetic machinery in cancer cells. Epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, can be used as powerful and reliable tools for early diagnosis of OPSCC patients and improve prognostication. Since epigenetic changes are dynamic and reversible, epigenetic enzymes may also represent suitable targets for the development of more effective OPSCC therapeutic strategies. Thus, this review will focus on the main known epigenetic modifications that can occur in OPSCC and their exploitation as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we will address epigenetic alterations to OPSCC risk factors, with a particular focus on HPV infection, tobacco exposure, and heavy alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, Treviso Regional Hospital, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Carlo Furlan
- Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Valentina Lupato
- Unit of Otolaryngology, General Hospital “S. Maria degli Angeli”, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN Italy
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10
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Chahal HS, Lin Y, Ransohoff KJ, Hinds DA, Wu W, Dai HJ, Qureshi AA, Li WQ, Kraft P, Tang JY, Han J, Sarin KY. Genome-wide association study identifies novel susceptibility loci for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12048. [PMID: 27424798 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma represents the second most common cutaneous malignancy, affecting 7–11% of Caucasians in the United States. The genetic determinants of susceptibility to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma remain largely unknown. Here we report the results of a two-stage genome-wide association study of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, totalling 7,404 cases and 292,076 controls. Eleven loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10−8) including seven previously confirmed pigmentation-related loci: MC1R, ASIP, TYR, SLC45A2, OCA2, IRF4 and BNC2. We identify an additional four susceptibility loci: 11q23.3 CADM1, a metastasis suppressor gene involved in modifying tumour interaction with cell-mediated immunity; 2p22.3; 7p21.1 AHR, the dioxin receptor involved in anti-apoptotic pathways and melanoma progression; and 9q34.3 SEC16A, a putative oncogene with roles in secretion and cellular proliferation. These susceptibility loci provide deeper insight into the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer. In this genome-wide association study, which includes over 7,000 cases, the authors identify 4 new susceptibility loci for this cancer and also provide independent replication of 9 previously reported susceptibility loci.
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11
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Martín-Sánchez E, Pernaut-Leza E, Mendaza S, Cordoba A, Vicente-Garcia F, Monreal-Santesteban I, Vizcaino JP, De Cerio MJD, Perez-Janices N, Blanco-Luquin I, Escors D, Ulazia-Garmendia A, Guerrero-Setas D. Gene promoter hypermethylation is found in sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer patients, in samples identified as positive by one-step nucleic acid amplification of cytokeratin 19 mRNA. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:51-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Lechner M, Fenton TR. The Genomics, Epigenomics, and Transcriptomics of HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer--Understanding the Basis of a Rapidly Evolving Disease. Adv Genet 2016; 93:1-56. [PMID: 26915269 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been shown to represent a major independent risk factor for head and neck squamous cell cancer, in particular for oropharyngeal carcinoma. This type of cancer is rapidly evolving in the Western world, with rising trends particularly in the young, and represents a distinct epidemiological, clinical, and molecular entity. It is the aim of this review to give a detailed description of genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and posttranscriptional changes that underlie the phenotype of this deadly disease. The review will also link these changes and examine what is known about the interactions between the host genome and viral genome, and investigate changes specific for the viral genome. These data are then integrated into an updated model of HPV-induced head and neck carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lechner
- Head and Neck Centre, University College London Hospital, London, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T R Fenton
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Abstract
Viral and bacterial infections are involved in the development of human cancers, such as liver, nasopharyngeal, cervical, head and neck, and gastric cancers. Aberrant DNA methylation is frequently present in these cancers, and some of the aberrantly methylated genes are causally involved in cancer development and progression. Notably, aberrant DNA methylation can be present even in non-cancerous or precancerous tissues, and its levels correlate with the risk of cancer development, producing a so-called 'epigenetic field for cancerization'. Mechanistically, most viral or bacterial infections induce DNA methylation indirectly via chronic inflammation, but recent studies have indicated that some viruses have direct effects on the epigenetic machinery of host cells. From a translational viewpoint, a recent multicenter prospective cohort study demonstrated that assessment of the extent of alterations in DNA methylation in non-cancerous tissues can be used to predict cancer risk. Furthermore, suppression of aberrant DNA methylation was shown to be a useful strategy for cancer prevention in an animal model. Here, we review the involvement of aberrant DNA methylation in various types of infection-associated cancers, along with individual induction mechanisms, and we discuss the application of these findings for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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