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Elkhouli M, Raghuram K, Elhanafy T, Asztalos E, Banihani R, Shah PS, Mohamed A. Association of low hemoglobin at birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates ≤28 weeks' gestation: a retrospective cohort study. J Perinatol 2024; 44:880-885. [PMID: 38553601 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-024-01946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18-24 months corrected age (CA) for preterm infants who had hemoglobin levels <120 g/l versus those with hemoglobin level ≥120 g/l at birth. METHODS We included infants of ≤28 weeks gestational age (GA) born between January 2009 and June 2018. The primary outcome was neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18-24 months. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to determine the association. RESULTS Of the 2351 eligible neonates, 351 (14.9%) had hemoglobin levels <120 g/L at birth. Of the 2113 surviving infants, 1534 (72.5%) underwent developmental follow-up at 18-24 months CA. There was no statistically significant difference in ND outcomes between the two groups. The composite outcome of death or NDI was significantly higher in the low hemoglobin group. CONCLUSION In preterm infants ≤28 weeks GA, initial hemoglobin <120 g/L at birth was not associated with neurodevelopmental impairment at 18-24 months CA among survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elkhouli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Scarborough Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kamini Raghuram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thanna Elhanafy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Asztalos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- DAN Women & Babies Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rudaina Banihani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- DAN Women & Babies Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adel Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Lee WY, Yum SK, Seo YM, Kim S, Shin JA, Lee C. Patent ductus arteriosus management in very-low-birth-weight prematurity: a place for an early operation? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezae175. [PMID: 38724226 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezae175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal was to evaluate neonatal outcomes based on treatment strategies and time points for haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants, with a particular focus on surgical closure. METHODS This retrospective study included very-low-birth-weight infants born between 2014 and 2021 who received active treatment for hsPDA. Neonatal outcomes were compared between (i) primary surgical closure versus primary ibuprofen; (ii) early (<14th post-natal day) versus late primary surgical closure (≥14th post-natal day); and (iii) primary versus secondary surgical closure after ibuprofen failure. Further analysis using 1:1 propensity score matching was performed. Logistic regression was conducted to analyse the risk factors for post-ligation cardiac syndrome (PLCS) and/or acute kidney injury (AKI). RESULTS A total of 145 infants with hsPDA underwent active treatment for closure. The in-hospital death rate and the incidence of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were similar between the primary surgical closure group and the primary ibuprofen group in a 1:1 matched analysis. Severe BPD was significantly higher in the late surgical closure group than in the early primary surgical closure group with 1:1 propensity score matching (72.7% vs 40.9%, P=0.033). The secondary surgical closure group showed the mildest clinical condition; however, the probability of PLCS/AKI was highest (38.6%) compared to the early (15.2%) or the late primary surgical group (28.1%, P<0.001), especially in extremely premature infants (gestational age < 28 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Surgical patent ductus arteriosus closure is not inferior to pharmacologic treatment. Considering the harmful effect of a prolonged patent ductus arteriosus shunt exposure, a timely decision and timely efforts should be made to minimize the risk of severe BPD and PLCS/AKI after surgical closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Young Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ae Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheul Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Akgül EA, Yanar N. The effectiveness of the therapeutic toys on the comfort level and vital signs of the neonates during intravenous cannula insertion (Comfiestudy): A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 76:e27-e33. [PMID: 38267276 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was planned to determine the effect of the therapeutic toy used during IV cannula insertion on the comfort level, crying time and vital signs of neonates. METHODS The sample (n = 38) was randomized to the Control and the Comfie Groups. Vital signs were measured before, during, and after the IV cannula insertion. Comfort levels and the duration of crying were measured during the insertion. RESULTS Neonates in the Comfie Group had lower pulse and higher saturation levels during the insertion, and they had lower respiration rates and pulse but higher oxygen saturation levels at the post 1st-5th minute. They were more comfortable than the neonates in the control group. DISCUSSION The result of this research reveals that therapeutic toys applied during the IV cannula insertion in neonates increase the comfort level and stabilize the vital signs. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE The use of toys during IV cannula insertion could be an effective nonpharmacological method to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ardahan Akgül
- İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Nisa Yanar
- Izmir Can Hospital, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, İzmir, Turkey
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Toyoshima K, Aoki H, Noguchi T, Saito N, Shimizu T, Kemmotsu T, Shimokaze T, Saito T, Shibasaki J, Kawataki M, Asou T, Tachibana T, Masutani S. Biventricular function in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus ligation: A three-dimensional echocardiographic study. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03180-w. [PMID: 38615076 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03180-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detailed hemodynamics after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation in preterm infants remain unknown. We aimed to clarify the effect of surgical ligation on left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volume and function. METHODS Echocardiography was performed in 41 preterm infants (median gestational age: 25 weeks) before and after PDA ligation. Global longitudinal strain was determined using three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. These values were compared with those in 36 preterm infants without PDA (non-PDA). RESULTS Preoperatively, the PDA group had greater end-diastolic volume (EDV) and cardiac output (CO) in both ventricles, a higher LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (53% vs 44%) and LV global longitudinal strain, and a lower RVEF (47% vs 52%) than the non-PDA group. At 4-8 h postoperatively, the two groups had a similar LVEDV and RVEDV. However, the PDA group had a lower EF and CO in both ventricles than the non-PDA group. At 24-48 h postoperatively, the RVEF was increased, but the LVEF remained decreased, and LVCO was increased. CONCLUSIONS PDA induces biventricular loading and functional abnormalities in preterm infants, and they dramatically change after surgery. Three-dimensional echocardiography may be beneficial to understand the status of both ventricles. IMPACT Preterm infants are at high risk of hemodynamic compromise following a sudden change in loading conditions after PDA ligation. Three-dimensional echocardiography enables quantitative and serial evaluation of ventricular function and volume in preterm infants with PDA. PDA induces biventricular loading and functional abnormalities in preterm infants, and they dramatically change after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Toyoshima
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hirosato Aoki
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noguchi
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naka Saito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuto Shimizu
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kemmotsu
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shimokaze
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Shibasaki
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Kawataki
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Asou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tachibana
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Masutani
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
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Bischoff AR, Backes CH, Rivera B, Jasani B, Patel F, Cheung E, Sathanandam S, Philip R, McNamara PJ. Cardiorespiratory Instability after Percutaneous Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure: A Multicenter Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2024; 271:114052. [PMID: 38615941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate postprocedural clinical characteristics of preterm infants undergoing transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure, including oxygenation/ventilation failure and cardiovascular compromise. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter retrospective cohort study of preterm infants who were ≤2 kg at the time of percutaneous PDA closure between August 2018 and July 2021. Indices of cardiorespiratory stability were collected pre-closure, immediately post-closure, and subsequently averaged every 4 hours for the first 24 hours post-procedure. The primary outcome was incidence of post-transcatheter cardiorespiratory syndrome: composite of hemodynamic instability (defined by systemic hypotension, systemic hypertension, or use of new inotropes/vasopressors in the first 24 hours after catheterization) and at least one of the following: (i) ventilation failure or (ii) oxygenation failure. RESULTS A total of 197 patients were included with a median [IQR] age and weight at catheterization of 34 [25, 43] days and 1090 [900, 1367] grams, respectively. The primary composite outcome of post-transcatheter cardiorespiratory syndrome was reported in 46 (23.3%). CONCLUSION Post-transcatheter cardiorespiratory syndrome is characterized primarily by systemic hypertension and oxygenation failure, with a very low incidence of hypotension and need for inotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne R Bischoff
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Carl H Backes
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Bonny Jasani
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON
| | - Foram Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON
| | - Erica Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON
| | - Shyam Sathanandam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Ranjit Philip
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Patrick J McNamara
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
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Söderström F, Sindelar R, Olsson KW, Yousef S, Todorova D, Pestalozzi J, Mellander M, Raaijmakers R. Active versus restrictive ligation strategy for patent ductus arteriosus - A retrospective two-center study of extremely preterm infants born between 22 + 0 and 25 + 6 weeks of gestational age. Early Hum Dev 2024; 191:105976. [PMID: 38452632 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.105976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Mode and timing of treatment are still controversial. Data are limited in the most extremely premature infants <26 weeks of gestational age (GA), where clinical problems are most significant and patients are most vulnerable. AIMS To investigate whether different approaches to surgical closure of PDA in two large Swedish centers has an impact on clinical outcomes including mortality in extremely preterm infants born <26 weeks GA. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, two-center, cohort study. SUBJECTS Infants born at 22+0-25+6 weeks GA between 2010 and 2016 at Uppsala University Children's Hospital (UUCH; n = 228) and Queen Silvia Children's Hospital Gothenburg (QSCHG; n = 220). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Survival, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). RESULTS Surgical closure of PDA was more common and performed earlier at QSCHG (50 % vs 16 %; median age 11 vs 44 days; p < 0.01). Survival was similar in both centres. There was a higher incidence of severe BPD and longer duration of mechanical ventilation at UUCH (p < 0.01). There was a higher incidence of ROP, IVH and sepsis at QSCH (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). A sub-group analysis matching all surgically treated infants at QSCHG with infants at UUCH with the same GA showed similar results as the total cohort. CONCLUSION Earlier and higher rate of surgical PDA closure in this cohort of extremely preterms born <26 weeks GA did not impact mortality but was associated with lower rates of severe BPD and higher rates of severe ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Söderström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Sindelar
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sawin Yousef
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniela Todorova
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Pestalozzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Mellander
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Children's Heart Center, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Renske Raaijmakers
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Cervera SB, Saeed S, Luu TM, Gorgos A, Beltempo M, Claveau M, Basso O, Lapointe A, Tremblay S, Altit G. Evaluation of the association between patent ductus arteriosus approach and neurodevelopment in extremely preterm infants. J Perinatol 2024; 44:388-395. [PMID: 38278962 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-024-01877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess if unit-level PDA management correlates with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18-24 months corrected postnatal age (CPA) in extremely preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of infants born at <29 weeks (2014-2017) across two units having distinct PDA strategies. Site 1 utilized an echocardiography-based treatment strategy aiming for accelerated closure (control). Site 2 followed a conservative approach. PRIMARY ENDPOINT NDI, characterized by cerebral palsy, any Bayley-III composite score <85, sensorineural/mixed hearing loss, or at least unilateral visual impairment. RESULTS 377 infants were evaluated. PDA treatment rates remained unchanged in Site 1 but eventually reached 0% in Site 2. Comparable rates of any/significant NDI were seen across both sites (any NDI: 38% vs 36%; significant NDI: 13% vs 10% for Site 1 and 2, respectively). After adjustments, NDI rates remained similar. CONCLUSION PDA management strategies in extremely preterm newborns showed no significant impact on neurodevelopment outcomes at 18-24 months CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Belén Cervera
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sahar Saeed
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Neonatal Follow-Up, Department of Paediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Gorgos
- Neonatal Follow-Up, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Beltempo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Claveau
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olga Basso
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anie Lapointe
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Tremblay
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Altit
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Surak A, Sidhu A, Ting JY. Should we "eliminate" PDA shunt in preterm infants? A narrative review. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1257694. [PMID: 38379909 PMCID: PMC10876852 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1257694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The patent ductus arteriosus frequently poses a significant morbidity in preterm infants, subjecting their immature pulmonary vascular bed to substantial volume overload. This, in turn, results in concurrent hypoperfusion to post-ductal organs, and subsequently alters cerebral blood flow. In addition, treatment has not demonstrated definitive improvements in patient outcomes. Currently, the optimal approach remains a subject of considerable debate with ongoing research controversy regarding the best approach. This article provides a comprehensive review of existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimann Surak
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Amneet Sidhu
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Y. Ting
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Shah ZS, Clark RH, Patt HA, Backes CH, Tolia VN. Trends in Procedural Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus among Infants Born at 22 to 30 Weeks' Gestation. J Pediatr 2023; 263:113716. [PMID: 37659585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe recent trend in procedural closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) among premature infants and compare the clinical characteristics of infants receiving surgical vs transcatheter closure. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a descriptive, retrospective cohort study of preterm infants born between 220/7 and 296/7 weeks' gestation from 2014 through 2021. Infants were identified from the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse. We excluded infants with any major congenital anomaly. We identified all preterm infants with a PDA and all those who underwent procedural closure (surgical ligation or transcatheter occlusion) and compared changes over time using ANOVA for continuous variables and the Cochran-Armitage trend test to evaluate time-related changes in proportions. RESULTS The study cohort included 64 580 infants, of whom 24 028 (37.2%) were diagnosed with a PDA. The number of infants receiving any procedural closure of the PDA decreased from 371 (4.4%) in 2014 to 144 (1.9%) in 2021. During the same period, number of surgical ligations decreased from 369 (4.36%) to 64 (0.84%), and the number of transcatheter occlusions increased from 2 (0.02%) to 80 (1.05% p for all < 0.001). The median age at time of surgical ligation increased from 25 days (10th and 90th percentile, 10, 61) to 31 days (10th and 90th percentile, 16, 66), and the median age of transcatheter occlusion decreased from 103 days (10th and 90th percentile, 32, 150) to 43 days (10th and 90th percentile, 22, 91). CONCLUSIONS There was a decrease in surgical closure and an increase in transcatheter occlusion of the PDA in infants born at 22-30 weeks' gestation from 2014 to 2021. Despite the decline in overall procedural closure, the rate of transcatheter occlusion surpassed surgical ligation by 2021. Narrowing differences in the median age and weight at closure suggest increasing overlap in the types of infants who received each type of procedural closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubin S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Dallas, TX
| | - Reese H Clark
- The Pediatrix Center for Research, Education, Quality, and Safety, Sunrise, FL
| | - Hanoch A Patt
- Texas Center for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease, UT Health Austin and Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX
| | - Carl H Backes
- Divisions of Neonatology and Cardiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Veeral N Tolia
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX; The Pediatrix Center for Research, Education, Quality, and Safety, Sunrise, FL.
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Kourelis G, Kanakis M, Loukas C, Kakava F, Kyriakoulis K, Bobos D, Apostolopoulou S, Rammos S, Giannopoulos N. Efficiency and Safety of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Surgical Ligation in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Without Chest Tube Placement. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2023; 12:264-270. [PMID: 37970142 PMCID: PMC10631836 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Surgical ligation (SL) is generally performed in symptomatic infants when medical management is contraindicated or has failed. We retrospectively reviewed our institution's experience in surgical management of PDA for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants without chest tube placement assessing its efficiency and safety. We evaluated 17 consecutive ELBW infants undergoing SL for symptomatic PDA (January 2012-January 2018) with subsequent follow-up for 6 months postdischarge. Patients consisted of 9 (53%) females and 8 (47%) males. Mean gestational age (GA) at birth was 27.9 ± 2.1 weeks. Median values for surgical age (SA) from birth to operation was 10 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 8-12); PDA diameter 3.4 mm (IQR: 3.2-3.5); surgical weight (SW) 750 g (IQR: 680-850); and days of mechanical ventilation (DMV) as estimated by Kaplan-Meier curve 22 days (95% confidence interval: 14.2-29.8). We observed a statistically significant negative association between DMV and GA at birth (rho = - 0.587, p = 0.017), SA (rho = - 0.629, p = 0.009) and SW (rho = - 0.737, p = 0.001). One patient experienced left laryngeal nerve palsy confirmed by laryngoscopy. Otherwise, there were no adverse events to include surgical-related mortality, recurrence of PDA, or need for chest tube placement during follow-up. SL of PDA in ELBW infants without chest tube placement is both efficient and safe. Universal consensus recommendations for the management of PDA in ELBW neonates are needed. Further study is required regarding the use of the less invasive option of percutaneous PDA closure in ELBW infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kourelis
- Pediatric Cardiac and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Intensive Care Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Meletios Kanakis
- Paediatric Cardiac and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Surgical Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Constantinos Loukas
- Medical School, Medical Physics Lab, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Felicia Kakava
- Pediatric Cardiac and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Intensive Care Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kyriakoulis
- Pediatric Cardiac and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Intensive Care Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bobos
- Paediatric Cardiac and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Surgical Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Sotiria Apostolopoulou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Spyridon Rammos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Giannopoulos
- Paediatric Cardiac and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Surgical Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Kallithea, Greece
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Francescato G, Doni D, Annoni G, Capolupo I, Ciarmoli E, Corsini I, Gatelli IF, Salvadori S, Testa A, Butera G. Transcatheter closure in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus: feasibility, results, hemodynamic monitoring and future prospectives. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:147. [PMID: 37932790 PMCID: PMC10629028 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ductal patency of preterm infants is potentially associated with long term morbidities related to either pulmonary overflow or systemic steal. When an interventional closure is needed, it can be achieved with either surgical ligation or a catheter-based approach.Transcatheter PDA closure is among the safest of interventional cardiac procedures and it is the first choice for ductal closure in adults, children, and infants weighing more than 6 kg. In preterm and very low birth weight infants, it is increasingly becoming a valid and safe alternative to ligation, especially for the high success rate and the minor invasiveness and side effects. Nevertheless, being it performed at increasingly lower weights and gestational ages, hemodynamic complications are possible events to be foreseen.Procedural steps, timing, results, possible complications and available monitoring systems, as well as future outlooks are here discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Francescato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniela Doni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annoni
- Pediatric Cardiology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Irma Capolupo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ciarmoli
- U.O. Di Neonatologia, Patologia Neonatale E Pediatria, ASST Della Brianza, P.O. Vimercate, Vimercate, Italy
| | - Iuri Corsini
- Division of Neonatalogy, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Italo Francesco Gatelli
- Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Salvadori
- Women and Child Health Department, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera -Università Di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Testa
- Sapienza School for Advanced Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Butera
- Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Heart Lung Transplantation; ERN GUARD HEART: Bambino Gesù Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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12
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Liguori MB, Ali SKM, Bussman N, Colaizy T, Hundscheid T, Phad N, Clyman R, de Boode WP, de Waal K, El-Khuffash A, Gupta S, Laughon M. Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants: Clinical Trials and Equipoise. J Pediatr 2023; 261:113532. [PMID: 37269903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Macrina B Liguori
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Sanoj K M Ali
- Division of Neonatology, Sidra Medicine, Ar-Rayyan, Doha, Qatar
| | - Neidín Bussman
- Department of Neonatology, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tarah Colaizy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Tim Hundscheid
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Perinatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nilkant Phad
- Department of Neonatology, John Hunter Children's Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ronald Clyman
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Willem-Pieter de Boode
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Perinatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koert de Waal
- Department of Neonatology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Afif El-Khuffash
- Department of Neonatology, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Samir Gupta
- Division of Neonatology, Sidra Medicine, Ar-Rayyan, Doha, Qatar; Department of Neonatology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Laughon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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13
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Kitaoka H, Konishi T, Shitara Y, Ito A, Kashima K, Fujita A, Matsui H, Kato M, Takahashi N, Yasunaga H. Effects of Milrinone on Neonates after Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation: A Retrospective Nationwide Database Study. Neonatology 2023; 120:751-759. [PMID: 37757762 DOI: 10.1159/000533958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Milrinone is administered after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation to prevent and treat postoperative hemodynamic instability (i.e., postligation cardiac syndrome). We aimed to explore the effectiveness of milrinone on in-hospital outcomes in infants who underwent PDA ligation using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan. METHODS Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients who received milrinone after PDA ligation (n = 428) in neonatal intensive care units between July 2010 and March 2021 and those who did not (n = 3,392). We conducted a 1:4 propensity score-matched analysis with adjustment for background characteristics (e.g., gestational age, birth weight, comorbidities, preoperative treatments, and hospital background) to compare morbidities (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and retinopathy of prematurity), mortality, total hospitalization costs, and other outcomes. For sensitivity analysis, we performed an overlap propensity score-weighted analysis. RESULTS In-hospital morbidity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis occurred in 58%, 48%, 9.5%, and 7.1% of patients, respectively; the in-hospital mortality was 5.4%. After 1:4 propensity score matching, no significant difference was observed regarding mortality (7.1 vs. 5.7%), in-hospital morbidity (55 vs. 50%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (44 vs. 41%), intraventricular hemorrhage (7.8 vs. 9.1%), necrotizing enterocolitis (8.5 vs. 8.9%), retinopathy of prematurity (21 vs. 22%), or total hospitalization costs (median: approximately 86,000 vs. 82,000 US dollars) between milrinone users (n = 425) and nonusers (n = 1,698). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results. CONCLUSIONS Milrinone use after PDA ligation was not associated with improved in-hospital outcomes, such as mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Konishi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Shitara
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kashima
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asahi Fujita
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Faramarzi R, Darabi A, Emadzadeh M, Maamouri G, Rezvani R. Predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: A comprehensive evaluation of neonatal and maternal risk factors. Early Hum Dev 2023; 184:105834. [PMID: 37579535 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants (≤ 34 weeks gestational age) in the NICU. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 89 preterm infants admitted to the NICU of Ghaem hospital, Mashhad, between 2016 and 2020. Data on neonatal and maternal factors were collected. By recalling the mentioned infants in 2021, the neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and binary logistic regression conducted with SPSS V.26 and R program software. RESULTS The sample comprised 48.3 % males with a mean gestational age of 32.10 weeks. Bayley Scale analysis revealed significant associations of Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Pneumothorax, and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia with impairments in all domains. Diabetes in Pregnancy, Surfactant use, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis were also significantly linked to various impairments. Lower Apgar scores, gestational age, birth weight, and extended hospitalization and oxygen therapy durations correlated with several domain impairments. Logistic regression showed hospitalization duration impacted the coarse motor domain (OR = 0.92, p = 0.019), oxygen therapy duration influenced cognitive, perceptual, and fine motor domains. CONCLUSION This study underscores the importance of considering neonatal and maternal factors when assessing developmental outcomes in preterm infant. Long hospital stays and increase duration of oxygen therapy associated with negative developmental outcomes in different domains of Bayley scales. Early identification of these risk factors and targeted interventions may improve long-term outcomes for preterm children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Faramarzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Darabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Emadzadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamali Maamouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Rezvani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Bischoff AR, Kennedy KF, Backes CH, Sathanandam S, McNamara PJ. Percutaneous Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants ≤2 kg: IMPACT Registry Insights. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023061460. [PMID: 37529882 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-061460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure is becoming the standard of care for definitive closure in progressively smaller and younger neonates. The objective of this study was to assess safety and feasibility of percutaneous PDA closure in patients ≤2 kg. METHODS This was a cohort study using the IMPACT Registry (Improving Pediatric and Adult Congenital Treatments) from the American College of Cardiology Foundation's National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Patients who were ≤2 kg at the time of percutaneous PDA closure were included. The primary outcome was the composite of technical failure and/or major adverse event. RESULTS A total of 1587 attempted PDA closures were included, with a 3% incidence of technical failure and 5.5% incidence of the composite outcome. Major adverse events were observed in 3.8% of the patients; the most common events were device embolization requiring retrieval and unplanned cardiac or vascular surgery in 1.3% and 1.3% of cases, respectively. The incidence of the composite outcome was associated with the need for arterial access (P < .001) as well as annual hospital volume of percutaneous PDA closures in infants ≤2 kg (P = .001). The incidence of the composite outcome has decreased overtime, whereas median weight at the time of procedure has also diminished. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous PDA closure appears to be safe and feasible procedures in infants ≤2 kg. The incidence of major adverse events has continued to decline over the years and seems to have a strong correlation with individual center case volumes and expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl H Backes
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shyam Sathanandam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Patrick J McNamara
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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16
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Castaldo MP, Neary E, Bischoff AR, Resende MHF, Weisz DE, Jain A, Giesinger RE, McNamara PJ. Rectal Acetaminophen Improves Shunt Volume and Reduces Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation in Extremely Preterm Infants. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:1223-1231. [PMID: 34583409 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An alternative therapy for preterm infants with a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) is needed when cyclooxygenase inhibitors fail or where treatment is contraindicated due to coexisting renal failure, necrotizing enterocolitis, and/or intestinal perforation. No studies have evaluated the efficacy of per rectum (PR) acetaminophen. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PR acetaminophen in modulating the risk of PDA ligation. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective matched case-control study was conducted to compare neonates born <29 weeks' gestation with evidence of hsDA, in an era when rescue rectal acetaminophen was used (January 2014-March 2018) as a treatment strategy, versus historical controls (July 2006-August 2012). All patients underwent comprehensive echocardiography assessment of ductal shunt volume according to a standardized protocol. Acetaminophen treated neonates were matched according to demographics, gestation, preintervention echocardiography features, and comorbidities. Control patients were selected when an echocardiography was performed at an equivalent postnatal age. Infants with a genetic syndrome, severe congenital malformation, or major forms of congenital heart disease excluding small atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect, PDA, or patent formale ovale were excluded. The primary outcome was surgical ligation of the PDA. Secondary outcomes included echocardiography indices of hemodynamic significance, the composite of death, or severe BPD (defined by ventilator dependence at 36 weeks postmenstrual age). Descriptive statistics and univariate (t-tests, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test) analyses were used to evaluate clinical and echocardiography characteristics of the groups and compare outcomes. RESULTS Forty infants (20 cases and 20 controls), with similar demographic and echocardiography features, were compared. Cases received 6.8 ± 0.7 days (60 mg/kg/day) of PR acetaminophen. Responders (n = 12, 60%) had echocardiography evidence of reduced ductal diameter (2.2 mm [1.9-2.6] to 1.1 mm [0-1.7], p = 0.002), left ventricular output (363 ± 108-249 ± 61 mL/min/kg; p = 0.002) and left atrium to aortic root ratio (1.7 ± 0.3-1.3 ± 0.2; p = 0.002) following treatment. The rate of PDA ligation was 50% lower (p = 0.02) and composite outcome of death or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia was reduced (p = 0.04) in the acetaminophen group. CONCLUSION Rectal acetaminophen was associated with improvement in echocardiography indices of PDA shunt volume, a 50% reduction in PDA ligation rates and a reduction in the composite outcome of death or severe BPD. Pharmacologic and further prospective clinical studies are needed. KEY POINTS · Many preterm infants encounter the clinical consequences of a hemodynamically significant PDA.. · The merits and optimal timing of PDA ligation remains an area of controversy amongst neonatologists.. · Cyclooxygenase inhibitors are associated with adverse events or are often contraindicated..
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Castaldo
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Neary
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrianne R Bischoff
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maura H F Resende
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dany E Weisz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amish Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Regan E Giesinger
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick J McNamara
- Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Chock VY, Bhombal S, Variane GFT, Van Meurs KP, Benitz WE. Ductus arteriosus and the preterm brain. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2023; 108:96-101. [PMID: 35732482 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As the approach to the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the preterm infant remains controversial, the potential consequences of a significant ductal shunt on the brain should be evaluated. In this population at high risk of adverse outcomes, including intraventricular haemorrhage and white matter injury, as well as longer-term neurodevelopmental impairment, it is challenging to attribute sequelae to the PDA. Moreover, individual patient characteristics including gestational age and timing of PDA intervention factor into risks of brain injury. Haemodynamic assessment of the ductus combined with bedside neuromonitoring techniques improve our understanding of the role of the PDA in neurological injury. Effects of various PDA management strategies on the brain can similarly be investigated. This review incorporates current understanding of how the PDA impacts the developing brain of preterm infants and examines modalities to measure these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Y Chock
- Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shazia Bhombal
- Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gabriel F T Variane
- Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Krisa P Van Meurs
- Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - William E Benitz
- Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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18
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Yadav K, Hebert A, Lavie-Nevo K, Kuan MTY, Castaldo M, Osiovich H, Hosking M, Ting JY. Targeted neonatal echocardiography for patent ductus arteriosus in neonates reduces the surgical ligation rate without affecting healthcare outcomes. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:137-145. [PMID: 36891358 PMCID: PMC9986792 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can be associated with long-term morbidity and adverse outcomes in neonates. Targeted neonatal echocardiography (TNE) has been increasingly used to improve the hemodynamic management. We aimed to evaluate the preoperative assessment impacts of the hemodynamic significance of PDA using TNE on PDA ligation rates and neonatal outcomes. METHODS This observational study included preterm infants who underwent PDA ligation during two epochs (Epoch I: January 2013 to December 2014; Epoch II: January 2015 to June 2016). During Epoch II, a comprehensive TNE assessment was performed preoperatively to evaluate the hemodynamic significance of PDA. Primary outcome was the incidence of PDA ligation. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of postoperative cardiorespiratory instabilities, individual morbidities, and the composite outcome of death. RESULTS A total of 69 neonates underwent PDA ligation. No difference in baseline demographics was found between the epochs. The incidence of PDA ligation in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants was lower during Epoch II than Epoch I [7.5% vs. 14.6%, rate ratio =0.51 (95% confidence interval =0.30-0.88)]. No differences were observed between epochs in the proportion of VLBW infants who developed post-operative hypotension or oxygenation failure. The composite outcome of death or major morbidity did not significantly differ between Epoch I and Epoch II (91.1% vs. 94.1%, P=1.000). CONCLUSIONS Incorporating TNE into a standardized hemodynamic assessment program, we demonstrated a 49% reduction in PDA ligation rate without any increase in postoperative cardiopulmonary instability or short-term neonatal morbidities in a cohort of VLBW infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Audrey Hebert
- Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Karen Lavie-Nevo
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Davies Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mimi T Y Kuan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Castaldo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Horacio Osiovich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Hosking
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Y Ting
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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19
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Sweet DG, Carnielli VP, Greisen G, Hallman M, Klebermass-Schrehof K, Ozek E, te Pas A, Plavka R, Roehr CC, Saugstad OD, Simeoni U, Speer CP, Vento M, Visser GH, Halliday HL. European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome: 2022 Update. Neonatology 2023; 120:3-23. [PMID: 36863329 PMCID: PMC10064400 DOI: 10.1159/000528914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) care pathways evolve slowly as new evidence emerges. We report the sixth version of "European Guidelines for the Management of RDS" by a panel of experienced European neonatologists and an expert perinatal obstetrician based on available literature up to end of 2022. Optimising outcome for babies with RDS includes prediction of risk of preterm delivery, appropriate maternal transfer to a perinatal centre, and appropriate and timely use of antenatal steroids. Evidence-based lung-protective management includes initiation of non-invasive respiratory support from birth, judicious use of oxygen, early surfactant administration, caffeine therapy, and avoidance of intubation and mechanical ventilation where possible. Methods of ongoing non-invasive respiratory support have been further refined and may help reduce chronic lung disease. As technology for delivering mechanical ventilation improves, the risk of causing lung injury should decrease, although minimising time spent on mechanical ventilation by targeted use of postnatal corticosteroids remains essential. The general care of infants with RDS is also reviewed, including emphasis on appropriate cardiovascular support and judicious use of antibiotics as being important determinants of best outcome. We would like to dedicate this guideline to the memory of Professor Henry Halliday who died on November 12, 2022.These updated guidelines contain evidence from recent Cochrane reviews and medical literature since 2019. Strength of evidence supporting recommendations has been evaluated using the GRADE system. There are changes to some of the previous recommendations as well as some changes to the strength of evidence supporting recommendations that have not changed. This guideline has been endorsed by the European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR) and the Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies (UENPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Sweet
- Regional Neonatal Unit, Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Virgilio P. Carnielli
- Department of Neonatology, University Polytechnic Della Marche, University Hospital Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gorm Greisen
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikko Hallman
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katrin Klebermass-Schrehof
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eren Ozek
- Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arjan te Pas
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Plavka
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Faculty Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Charles C. Roehr
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, UK and National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ola D. Saugstad
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Christian P. Speer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximo Vento
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerry H.A. Visser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henry L. Halliday
- Department of Child Health, Queen's University Belfast and Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, UK
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20
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Chung HW, Yang ST, Liang FW, Chen HL. Clinical outcomes of different patent ductus arteriosus treatment in preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks in Taiwan. Pediatr Neonatol 2023:S1875-9572(22)00274-1. [PMID: 36653283 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment in very preterm infants is controversial. This study focused on preterm infants born at 28-32 weeks of gestation and analyzed the association between various PDA treatments and clinical outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infants born at 28-32 weeks of gestation between 2016 and 2019 at 22 hospitals in the Taiwan Premature Infant Follow-up Network. We categorized the infants into four groups according to treatment strategies: medication, primary surgery, medication plus surgery, or conservative treatment. RESULTS A total of 1244 infants presented with PDA, and 761 (61.1%) were treated. Medication was the predominant treatment (50.0%), followed by conservative treatment (38.9%), medication plus surgery (7.6%), and primary surgery (3.5%). The risk of mortality was not reduced in the active treatment group compared to the conservative treatment group. There was a higher prevalence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and any degree of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in both the primary surgery and medication plus surgery groups than in the conservative treatment group. After adjustment, both the primary surgery and medication plus surgery groups still had higher odds ratios for the occurrence of NEC and any degree of BPD. CONCLUSIONS Compared with active PDA treatment, conservative treatment for PDA did not increase the risk of mortality and morbidity in very preterm infants born at 28-32 weeks of gestation. The risks and benefits of surgery (PDA ligation) in these infants must be considered cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wen Liang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lin Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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21
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Yucel OE, Eraydin B, Niyaz L, Terzi O. Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in premature, extremely low birth weight and extremely low gestational age infants. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:367. [PMID: 36096834 PMCID: PMC9469514 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature, extremely low birth weight (BW, ELBW) and extremely low gestational age (GA, ELGA) infants. METHODS The medical records of preterm infants who were screened for ROP between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Only one eye of each infant with higher grade ROP was included in the study. BW; GA; medical characteristics; the presence, severity, and need for treatment of ROP were recorded. Infants were divided into groups according to BW (≤1000 g, 1001-1750 g, > 1750 g) and GA (≤25w, 26-28w, 29-31w, 32-34w, ≥35w) and data were analyzed. RESULTS Data of 2186 infants were evaluated. The overall incidences of any stage ROP and ROP requiring treatment were 43.5 and 8.0%, respectively. These rates were 81.1 and 23.9% in ELBW (≤1000 g) infants and were 92.9 and 64.3% in ELGA (≤25w) infants, respectively. The rates of ROP, the median duration of oxygen therapy and systemic diseases increased significantly as BW and GA decreased. The median duration of oxygen therapy and the rates of sepsis, pulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were statistically higher in infants with ROP compared to those without ROP (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that low BW and GA; prolonged duration of oxygen therapy; presence of PDA and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were important risk factors for ROP. CONCLUSIONS ELBW and ELGA infants develop higher rates of ROP and severe ROP. Prolonged duration of oxygen therapy, the presence of concomitant neonatal sepsis, BPD, IVH, PDA, and NEC further increases the risk of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Eski Yucel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Eraydin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bafra State Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Leyla Niyaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Terzi
- Department of Public Health, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
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22
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Backes CH, Hill KD, Shelton EL, Slaughter JL, Lewis TR, Weisz DE, Mah ML, Bhombal S, Smith CV, McNamara PJ, Benitz WE, Garg V. Patent Ductus Arteriosus: A Contemporary Perspective for the Pediatric and Adult Cardiac Care Provider. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025784. [PMID: 36056734 PMCID: PMC9496432 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The burden of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) continues to be significant. In view of marked differences in preterm infants versus more mature, term counterparts (viewed on a continuum with adolescent and adult patients), mechanisms regulating ductal patency, genetic contributions, clinical consequences, and diagnostic and treatment thresholds are discussed separately, when appropriate. Among both preterm infants and older children and adults, a range of hemodynamic profiles highlighting the markedly variable consequences of the PDA are provided. In most contemporary settings, transcatheter closure is preferable over surgical ligation, but data on longer-term outcomes, particularly among preterm infants, are lacking. The present review provides recommendations to identify gaps in PDA diagnosis, management, and treatment on which subsequent research can be developed. Ultimately, the combination of refined diagnostic thresholds and expanded treatment options provides the best opportunities to address the burden of PDA. Although fundamental gaps remain unanswered, the present review provides pediatric and adult cardiac care providers with a contemporary framework in PDA care to support the practice of evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl H Backes
- Center for Perinatal Research The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH
- Division of Neonatology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH
- Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH
- The Heart Center Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH
| | - Kevin D Hill
- Duke University Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Center Durham NC
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Durham NC
| | - Elaine L Shelton
- Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
- Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN
| | - Jonathan L Slaughter
- Center for Perinatal Research The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH
- Division of Neonatology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH
- Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Tamorah R Lewis
- Division of Neonatology Children's Mercy-Kansas City Kansas City MO
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation Children's Mercy-Kansas City Kansas City MO
- Department of Pediatrics University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City MO
| | - Dany E Weisz
- Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics Sunnybrook Health Science Center Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - May Ling Mah
- Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH
- The Heart Center Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH
| | - Shazia Bhombal
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital Stanford CA
| | - Charles V Smith
- Center for Integrated Brain Research University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA
| | - Patrick J McNamara
- Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa Iowa City IA
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - William E Benitz
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital Stanford CA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH
- The Heart Center Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH
- Center for Cardiovascular Research The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH
- Department of Molecular Genetics The Ohio State University Columbus OH
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23
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Elbayiyev S, Canpolat FE, Kadıoğlu Şimşek G, Işık S, Büyüktiryaki M, Kanmaz Kutman HG. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low birth weight infants with and without patent ductus arteriosus: A retrospective case control observational study. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:862-868. [PMID: 35274341 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been associated with early morbidities and long-term developmental problems in very preterm infants. AIMS The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of patent ductus arteriosus and medical treatment on long-term developmental outcomes in very low birth weight infants. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective case control observational study. SUBJECT The study included preterm infants who were born before 30 weeks' gestation and birth weight less than 1,500 g and underwent neurodevelopmental testing at a corrected age of 24 months during follow-up in our centre. The results of neurodevelopmental assessment using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II at 24 months of corrected age and other morbidities were recorded. RESULTS Of 820 infants screened, the 2-year data of 647 infants (78%) were analysed. The mean gestational age was 27.4 weeks (±1.7 weeks), mean birth weight was 980 g (±250 g) and 283 (44%) of the infants received pharmaceutical treatment for hemodynamically significant PDA. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment was higher in infants with PDA compared to those without PDA (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.13-2.29; chi-square, Fisher's exact test P = .009). However, when birth weight and gestational age were corrected for as covariates and other risk factors were added to the analysis, PDA alone was not an independent risk factor for neurodevelopmental problems (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.824-1.549; P = .450). There was no difference between the groups who received ibuprofen or paracetamol for PDA. CONCLUSION Although we have not found an association between hemodynamically significant PDA and poor neurodevelopment, this potentially needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarkhan Elbayiyev
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fuat Emre Canpolat
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülsüm Kadıoğlu Şimşek
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sehribanu Işık
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Büyüktiryaki
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Borges-Lujan M, Gonzalez-Luis GE, Roosen T, Huizing MJ, Villamor E. Sex Differences in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Incidence and Response to Pharmacological Treatment in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071143. [PMID: 35887640 PMCID: PMC9321725 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A widely accepted concept in perinatal medicine is that boys are more susceptible than girls to complications of prematurity. However, whether this ‘male disadvantage of prematurity’ also involves persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been scarcely investigated. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies addressing sex differences in the risk of developing PDA among preterm infants. We also investigated whether the response to pharmacological treatment of PDA differs between boys and girls. PubMed/Medline and Embase databases were searched. The random-effects male/female risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. We included 146 studies (357,781 infants). Meta-analysis could not demonstrate sex differences in risk of developing any PDA (37 studies, RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.08), hemodynamically significant PDA (81 studies, RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), or in the rate of response to pharmacological treatment (45 studies, RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.04). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression showed that the absence of sex differences was maintained over the years and in different geographic settings. In conclusion, both the incidence of PDA in preterm infants and the response rate to pharmacological treatment of PDA are not different between preterm boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreyba Borges-Lujan
- Department of Neonatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil (CHUIMI) de Canarias, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (G.E.G.-L.)
| | - Gema E. Gonzalez-Luis
- Department of Neonatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil (CHUIMI) de Canarias, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (G.E.G.-L.)
| | - Tom Roosen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), School for Oncology Reproduction (GROW), 6202 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.R.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Maurice J. Huizing
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), School for Oncology Reproduction (GROW), 6202 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.R.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), School for Oncology Reproduction (GROW), 6202 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.R.); (M.J.H.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Ashfaq A, Rettig RL, Chong A, Sydorak R. Outcomes of patent ductus arteriosus ligation in very low birth weight premature infants: A retrospective cohort analysis. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:1201-1204. [PMID: 35450698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can be a significant hemodynamic problem in preterm infants leading to increased morbidity and mortality. PDA ligation is therefore considered an urgent procedure in infants who have failed medical therapy. However, there is controversy regarding optimal timing and decision to operate. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and efficacy of PDA ligation in very low birth weight premature infants. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of our institution's database and included very low birth weight premature infants (<1500 g) who underwent PDA ligation from 2008 to 2019 among 6 centers within the Southern California Kaiser Permanente network system. Indications for PDA ligation were variable but included congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, necrotizing enterocolitis, renal failure, and contraindications to medical therapy. PDA ligations were performed via thoracotomy incisions with ligations using a clip or tie. The primary outcome measure was mortality, and secondary outcomes included various postoperative morbidities. RESULTS A total of 449 patients met criteria and were included in the study. The mean birth weight was 735 g (125 g-1460 g), and mean gestational age was 25 weeks (21-36 weeks). The mean operating room time was 28 min (9-84 min). 97% of PDAs were clipped, and 3% were tied. Comorbidities at the time of operation included bronchopulmonary dysplasia (59%), retinopathy of prematurity (39%), intraventricular hemorrhage (28%), and necrotizing enterocolitis (10%). There were 2 (0.4%) operative deaths, 15 (3%) deaths within 30 days, and 20 (4%) deaths within 1 year. Other postoperative outcomes included recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (1%), chylothorax (1%), pneumothorax (0.4%), and 3 (0.6%) reoperations. DISCUSSION Very low birthweight premature infants with hemodynamically and clinically significant PDA are complicated patients. The risks of surgical ligation must be weighed against the potential clinical benefits. The mortality rate in our patient group within our hospital system is lower than those reported in the literature. Surgical ligation appears to be a safe and acceptable option for treatment of this complex problem, especially when medical therapy fails. Further studies are needed to elucidate specific independent risk factors that are associated with morbidity and mortality to further improve outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE RATING Level II TYPE OF STUDY: Prognosis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ashfaq
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4760W Sunset Blvd, 3rd floor, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Robert Luke Rettig
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4760W Sunset Blvd, 3rd floor, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Albert Chong
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4760W Sunset Blvd, 3rd floor, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Roman Sydorak
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4760W Sunset Blvd, 3rd floor, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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26
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Shibbani K, Mohammad Nijres B, McLennan D, Bischoff AR, Giesinger R, McNamara PJ, Klein J, Windsor J, Aldoss O. Feasibility, Safety, and Short‐Term Outcomes of Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Premature Infants on High‐Frequency Jet Ventilation. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025343. [PMID: 35574958 PMCID: PMC9238575 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Prolonged exposure to a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with major morbidity, particularly in infants born at <27 weeks’ gestation. High‐frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is a standard of care at our center. There are no data about transcatheter PDA closure while on HFJV. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of HFJV during transcatheter PDA closure. Methods and Results This is a retrospective cohort study of premature infants undergoing transcatheter device closure on HFJV. The primary outcome was successful device placement. Secondary outcomes included procedure time, fluoroscopy time and dose, time off unit, device complications, need for escalation in respiratory support, and 7‐day survival. Subgroup comparative evaluation of patients managed with HFJV versus a small cohort of patients managed with conventional mechanical ventilation was performed. Thirty‐eight patients were included in the study. Median age and median weight at PDA device closure for the HFJV cohort were 32 days (interquartile range, 25.25–42.0 days) and 1115 g (interquartile range, 885–1310 g), respectively. There was successful device placement in 100% of patients. There were no device complications noted. The time off unit and the procedure time were not significantly different between the HFJV group and the conventional ventilation group. Infants managed by HFJV had shorter median fluoroscopy times (4.5 versus 6.1 minutes; P<0.05) and no increased risk of adverse respiratory outcomes. Conclusions Transcatheter PDA closure in premature infants on HFJV is a safe and effective approach that does not compromise device placement success rate and does not lead to secondary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Shibbani
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Stead Family Children’s Hospital University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Bassel Mohammad Nijres
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Stead Family Children’s Hospital University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Daniel McLennan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Stead Family Children’s Hospital University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | | | - Regan Giesinger
- Division of Neonatology Stead Family Children’s Hospital University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Patrick J. McNamara
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Stead Family Children’s Hospital University of Iowa Iowa City IA
- Division of Neonatology Stead Family Children’s Hospital University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Jonathan Klein
- Division of Neonatology Stead Family Children’s Hospital University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Jimmy Windsor
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Osamah Aldoss
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Stead Family Children’s Hospital University of Iowa Iowa City IA
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27
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Is early patent ductus arteriosus ligation helpful in premature neonates? A 10-year retrospective study. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:350-357. [PMID: 35254623 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare short and long outcomes between early (≤ 28 days) (EL) and late ligation (LL) groups. To explore factors predicting early extubation (≤ 7 days) after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation. METHODS We conducted a single center, retrospective cohort study of preterm infants < 32 weeks who underwent surgical ligation over a 10-year period (2009-2019). RESULTS A total of 133 infants underwent PDA ligation, in the study period. Both groups had similar short-term outcome such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death (96% vs. 98%, P = 0.64) and long-term clinical outcomes including Bayley's assessment at 2 years corrected age. Fewer infants in the EL group developed severe BPD (63% vs. 81%, P = 0.02). Age at ligation had adjusted odds ratio of 1.04 with over lapping confidence interval (95% CI 1.0-1.1, P = 0.02) for severe BPD/death. There was no difference in day of extubation between the EL and LL group (8 days vs. 7 days, P = 0.85). Left atrium/aortic root ratio of ≥ 1.75 would give sensitivity of 41% and 80% specificity for early extubation (area under the curve of 0.61). There was marginal reduction of hospital stay in the EL group [113 (105-121) days vs. 115 (107-123) days; log rank P = 0.026]. CONCLUSION EL can be delivered safely with a clinically important lower incidence of severe BPD and shorter duration of hospital stay compared to LL.
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28
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Feeding Strategies in Preterm Very Low Birth-Weight Infants: State-of-the-Science Review. Adv Neonatal Care 2021; 21:493-502. [PMID: 33675303 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing enteral feeds to preterm very low birth-weight (VLBW) infants is critical to optimize nutrition, enhance growth, and reduce complications. Protocols guiding feeding practices can improve outcomes, but significant variation exists between institutions, which may limit their utility. To be most effective, protocols should be based on the best available evidence. PURPOSE To examine the state of the science on several key components of feeding protocols for VLBW infants. SEARCH STRATEGY The authors searched PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases for terms related to feeding VLBW infants less than 32 weeks' gestational age, including initiation of feedings, rate of feeding advancement, timing of human milk (HM) fortification, and feeding during blood transfusions, when diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and during medical treatment of PDA closure. RESULTS Initiation of feeds within the first 3 days of life and advancement by 30 mL/kg/d may decrease time to attain full feeds without increasing complications. Insufficient evidence guides optimal timing of HM fortification, as well as feeding infants undergoing blood transfusions, infants diagnosed with a PDA, and infants receiving medical treatment of PDA closure. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Integration of existing research regarding feeding initiation and advancement into feeding protocols may improve outcomes. Infants at highest risk of feeding-related complications may benefit from a personalized feeding approach. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Additional research is needed to provide evidence concerning the optimal timing of HM fortification and feeding strategies for infants undergoing blood transfusions and those diagnosed with a PDA or receiving medical treatment of PDA closure to incorporate into evidence-based feeding protocols.
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Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may be found in 0.1-0.2% of term infants, but the average incidence is at least five-fold higher in premature infants, correlating inversely with birth weight and gestational age. While not all patients with a PDA require treatment, the deleterious effects of persistent left-to-right shunting across the ductus can have important short- and long-term consequences. Medical and interventional approaches to PDA closure have evolved greatly in the past decade and add to the decision-making pathways. This article summarizes the pathophysiology of PDA and characterizes the medical, surgical and endovascular treatment approaches.
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30
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Bischoff AR, Stanford AH, McNamara PJ. Short-term ventriculo-arterial coupling and myocardial work efficiency in preterm infants undergoing percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15108. [PMID: 34806325 PMCID: PMC8606853 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Definitive closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) causes significant changes in loading conditions of the left ventricle (LV) which can lead to cardiorespiratory instability including hypotension, low cardiac output, oxygenation, and ventilation impairment. Physiological insights of the adaptation of the LV can be gained by looking at ventriculo-arterial coupling (VAC) and myocardial work-energetics. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of preterm infants with echocardiographic assessment of VAC parameters, including end-systolic and arterial elastance (EES , EA ), and myocardial work indices derived from longitudinal strain analysis before and 1-h after percutaneous PDA closure. A total of 35 patients were included with mean [±SD] age at intervention of 30.8 ± 9.9 days and median [IQR] weight of 1130 [995, 1318] grams. There was a reduction in preload and stroke volume, an increase in EA (38.6 ± 11.4 vs. 60 ± 15.1 mmHg/ml/kg, p < 0.001) and in EES (72 [61.5, 109.8] vs. 91.6 [72.2, 125.2] mmHg/ml/kg, p = 0.003) post-closure. Myocardial work indices reduced after PDA closure, including global work efficiency (93.9 ± 2.3 vs. 91.1 ± 3.6%, p < 0.001). A total of 17 (48.6%) patients developed post-closure instability which was associated with younger age, lower preload, and higher EA and EES . Percutaneous PDA closure is associated with major short-term changes in VAC and myocardium energetics, which may provide novel insights on the physiology of PDA closure and on the differential vulnerability to changes in loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne R. Bischoff
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Amy H. Stanford
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Patrick J. McNamara
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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31
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Levy PT, Pellicer A, Schwarz CE, Neunhoeffer F, Schuhmann MU, Breindahl M, Fumagelli M, Mintzer J, de Boode W. Near-infrared spectroscopy for perioperative assessment and neonatal interventions. Pediatr Res 2021:10.1038/s41390-021-01791-1. [PMID: 34716423 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative applications of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor regional tissue oxygenation and perfusion in cardiac and noncardiac surgery are of increasing interest in neonatal care. Complex neonatal surgery can impair adequate oxygen delivery and tissue oxygen consumption and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Coupled with conventional techniques, NIRS monitoring may enable targeted hemodynamic management of the circulation in both cardiac and noncardiac surgical procedures. In this narrative review, we discuss the application of perioperative NIRS in specific neonatal interventions, including surgical intervention for congenital heart defects, definitive closure of the patent ductus arteriosus, neurological and gastrointestinal disorders, and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We identified areas for future research within disease-specific indications and offer a roadmap to aid in developing evidence-based targeted diagnostic and management strategies in neonates. IMPACT: There is growing recognition that perioperative NIRS monitoring, used in conjunction with conventional monitoring, may provide critical hemodynamic information that either complements clinical impressions or delivers novel physiologic insight into the neonatal circulatory and perfusion pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Adelina Pellicer
- Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph E Schwarz
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- Infant Research centre, University College Cork Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Felix Neunhoeffer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pulmonology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin U Schuhmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morten Breindahl
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monica Fumagelli
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jonathan Mintzer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Willem de Boode
- Department of Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Adams M, Schulzke SM, Natalucci G, Schneider J, Riedel T, Tolsa CB, Pfister R, Bassler D. Outcomes for Infants Born in Perinatal Centers Performing Fewer Surgical Ligations for Patent Ductus Arteriosus: A Swiss Population-Based Study. J Pediatr 2021; 237:213-220.e2. [PMID: 34157348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess patent ductus arteriosus treatment variation between Swiss perinatal centers and to determine its effect on outcome in a population-based setting. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of infants born less than 28 weeks of gestation between 2012 and 2017. Outcomes between surgically ligated and pharmacologically treated infants as well as infants born in centers performing ≤10% ligation ("low" group) and >10% ("high" group) were compared using logistic regression and 1:1 propensity score matching. Matching was based on case-mix and preligation confounders: intraventricular hemorrhages grades 3-4, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and ≥28 days' oxygen supply. RESULTS Of 1389 infants, 722 (52%) had pharmacologic treatment and 156 (11.2%) received surgical ligation. Compared with infants who received pharmacologic treatment, ligated infants had greater odds for major morbidities (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.44-3.04) and 2-year neurodevelopmental impairment (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.15-2.84). Mortality was comparable after restricting the cohort to infants surviving at least until day 10 to avoid survival bias. In the "low" group, 34 (4.9%) of 696 infants were ligated compared with 122 (17.6%) of 693 infants in the "high" group. Infants in the "high" group had greater odds for major morbidities (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.11-2.0). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis identified a burden on infants receiving surgical ligation vs pharmacologic treatment in a population-based setting where there was no agreed-on common procedure. These results may guide a revision of patent ductus arteriosus treatment practice in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Adams
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Neonatal Network & Follow-up Group, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sven M Schulzke
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Natalucci
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Neonatal Network & Follow-up Group, Zurich, Switzerland; Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Neurodevelopment, Growth and Nutrition of the Newborn, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Schneider
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Riedel
- Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland
| | | | - Riccardo Pfister
- Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Bassler
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang H, Jain A, Weisz DE, Moraes TJ. Trends in patent ductus arteriosus ligation in neonates and changes in outcomes: A 10-year multicenter experience. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:3250-3257. [PMID: 34288596 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The management of neonates with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has changed over time. METHODS We conducted a single-city, retrospective review of neonates who underwent PDA ligation over a 10-year time period and compared infants from the first 5 years to the second 5 years to evaluate how clinical characteristics changed over this time. RESULTS Infants from the second 5-year epoch were older at time of ligation (38 vs. 30 days), had a higher ligation weight (1432 vs. 1121 g) and a lower incidence of postligation cardiac syndrome (1.9% vs. 11.5%). No differences in mortality, length of hospital-stay or major morbidities were seen. Compared to neonates who underwent PDA ligation at ≤28 days of life, those with a ligation age >28 days had a higher ligation weight (1421 vs. 1039 g), a higher proportion of COX inhibitor use (92.5% vs. 83.8%), and a higher incidence of moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (60.4% vs. 44.4%). Only 10.7% (25/233) patients were evaluated by laryngoscopy, in which the incidence of vocal cord paralysis (VCP) was 36.0%; 2 patients were clinically diagnosed with VCP for a total 4.7% incidence of VCP (11/233). CONCLUSIONS Over the 10 years examined, neonates underwent PDA ligation at an older age in the second 5-year time period; this change was not associated with a change in the incidence of major morbidities. Ligation age >28 days was associated with an increase incidence of moderate-severe BPD. The overall incidence of documented VCP post-PDA ligation was relatively low but was seen in over 1/3 who were evaluated by laryngoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amish Jain
- Division of Neonatal/Perinatal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dany E Weisz
- Department of Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Masutani S, Isayama T, Kobayashi T, Pak K, Mikami M, Tomotaki S, Iwami H, Yokoyama T, Toyoshima K. Ductus diameter and left pulmonary artery end-diastolic velocity at 3 days of age predict the future need for surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter study. J Cardiol 2021; 78:487-492. [PMID: 34481720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is inconsistent evidence suggesting the clinical relevance of the early detection of future needs of preterm patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) surgery. We tested the hypothesis that echocardiographic indices at 3 days of age predict the future need for PDA surgery. METHODS We analyzed a database including the clinical and echocardiographic data of 710 preterm infants with gestational ages between 23 and 29 weeks in 34 Japanese neonatal intensive care units, and prospectively collected data over 14 months. The predictive or discriminative ability of each echocardiographic index at 3 days of age for future PDA surgical closure was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analyses with adjustment for gestational age, sex, and small-for-gestational-age status, according to the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the models. RESULTS A total of 688 eligible patients (median gestational age: 26 weeks, body weight at birth: 843 g) were analyzed, of whom 77 (11%) underwent PDA surgery (median age: 21 days) after full consideration of clinical conditions. The AUC of PDA diameter (PDAd) was the largest, followed by that of the left pulmonary artery end-diastolic velocity (LPAedv). Compared with the ratio of left atrial-to-aorta diameter (AUC 0.76), PDAd (AUC 0.84, p < 0.001) and LPAedv (AUC 0.82, p = 0.003) were significantly better predictors of future PDA surgery. CONCLUSION Echocardiographic indices at 3 days of age, especially PDAd and LPAedv, may predict the future need for surgical closure of PDA in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Masutani
- Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Isayama
- Neonatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Department of Data Science, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Kyongsun Pak
- Department of Data Science, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Masashi Mikami
- Department of Data Science, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Seiichi Tomotaki
- Neonatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwami
- Neonatology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Scerbo D, Cua CL, Rivera BK, Marzec LC, Smith CV, Slaughter JL, Berman DP, Backes CH. Percutaneous Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very-Low-Weight Infants. Neoreviews 2021; 21:e469-e478. [PMID: 32611564 DOI: 10.1542/neo.21-7-e469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In view of the known complications of drug therapy and open surgical ligation, and the potential for prolonged patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) exposure to be harmful, health care practitioners have sought new approaches to achieve definitive ductal closure. Interest in percutaneous (catheter-based) PDA closure has emerged within the neonatal community as a viable treatment option, because it has been fueled by recent procedural and device modifications, as well as mounting feasibility and safety data. Herein, we provide a contemporary review of percutaneous PDA closure among infants at the crux of the medical debate-very-low-weight infants (≤1,500 g), including: 1) characterization of traditional PDA treatments (drug therapy, open surgical ligation) and conservative (nonintervention) management options; 2) a general overview of the major procedural steps of percutaneous ductal closure, including efforts to reduce thrombotic complications and the emergence of a novel US Food and Drug Administration-approved device; 3) a systematic review and meta-analysis to better understand risk profiles of percutaneous PDA closure in this population; and 4) discussion of current gaps in our understanding of optimal PDA care, including the critical need for well-designed, randomized, controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Scerbo
- The Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH.,Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Clifford L Cua
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian K Rivera
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Laura C Marzec
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Charles V Smith
- Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan L Slaughter
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH
| | - Darren P Berman
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Carl H Backes
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
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Muehlbacher T, Bassler D, Bryant MB. Evidence for the Management of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Preterm Infants. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8040298. [PMID: 33924638 PMCID: PMC8069828 DOI: 10.3390/children8040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Very preterm birth often results in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with an inverse correlation of gestational age and birthweight. This very preterm population is especially exposed to interventions, which affect the development of BPD. Objective: The goal of our review is to summarize the evidence on these daily procedures and provide evidence-based recommendations for the management of BPD. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature research using MEDLINE/PubMed on antenatal corticosteroids, surfactant-replacement therapy, caffeine, ventilation strategies, postnatal corticosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide, inhaled bronchodilators, macrolides, patent ductus arteriosus, fluid management, vitamin A, treatment of pulmonary hypertension and stem cell therapy. Results: Evidence provided by meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies are summarized as a narrative review. Discussion: There is strong evidence for the use of antenatal corticosteroids, surfactant-replacement therapy, especially in combination with noninvasive ventilation strategies, caffeine and lung-protective ventilation strategies. A more differentiated approach has to be applied to corticosteroid treatment, the management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), fluid-intake and vitamin A supplementation, as well as the treatment of BPD-associated pulmonary hypertension. There is no evidence for the routine use of inhaled bronchodilators and prophylactic inhaled nitric oxide. Stem cell therapy is promising, but should be used in RCTs only.
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Godin R, Rodriguez JC, Kahn DJ. Oral Versus Intravenous Medications for Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates: A Cost-Saving Initiative. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:291-299. [PMID: 33833632 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-26.3.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to quantify cost savings after promoting oral pharmacotherapy for the treatment of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA). METHODS This was a retrospective before-and-after time series quality improvement study. Oral ibuprofen and acetaminophen use criteria were developed and recommended, rather than the more costly intravenous equivalents. There were 24-month medication use reports generated for both the pre-criteria (Era-1) and the post-criteria (Era-2) implementation phases to identify neonates prescribed hsPDA medications in order to assess cost differences. RESULTS Era-1 had 190 treatment courses in 110 neonates for a total medication cost of $171,260.70. Era-2 had 210 courses in 109 patients for a total medication cost of $47,461.49, yielding savings of $123,799.21 ($61,899.61 annually) after criteria implementation. The reduction in intravenous ibuprofen use in Era-2 accounted for all the savings. CONCLUSION Preferentially prescribing lower-cost oral medications to treat hsPDA led to significant cost savings.
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Percutaneous Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants 1.5 kg or Less: A Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr 2021; 230:84-92.e14. [PMID: 33098843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate technical success and safety of percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure in infants ≤1.5 kg. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Data sources included Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and PubMed from inception to April 2020. Publications were included if they had a clear definition of the intervention as percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure in infants ≤1.5 kg. Data extraction was independently performed by multiple observers. Primary outcome was technical success and secondary outcomes were adverse events (AEs). Subgroup analysis was performed in infants ≤6.0 kg. Data were pooled by using a random-effects model. RESULTS We included 28 studies, including 373 infants ≤1.5 kg and 69 studies enrolling 1794 infants ≤6.0 kg. In patients ≤1.5 kg, technical success was 96% (95% CI, 93%-98%; P = .16; I2 = 23%). The overall incidence of AE was 27% (95% CI, 17%-38%; P < .001; I2 = 70%) and major AEs was 8% (95% CI, 5%-10%; P = .63; I2 = 0%). There were 5 deaths related to the procedure (2%; 95% CI, 1%-4%; P = .99; I2 = 0%); 4 of these deaths occurred in infants <0.8 kg. The probability of technical failure was inversely related to age at the time of the procedure (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.830-0.974; P = .009). Weight at intervention has decreased over time and procedural success has increased. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure is feasible in infants ≤1.5 kg with few major AEs. The procedural success rate is high, despite performing the intervention in smaller patients. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42020145230.
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Gudmundsdottir A, Broström L, Skiöld B, Källén K, Serenius F, Norman M, Aden U, Bonamy AE. The type and timing of patent ductus arteriosus treatment was associated with neurodevelopment when extremely preterm infants reached 6.5 years. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:510-520. [PMID: 32603514 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment and neurodevelopmental outcomes when extremely preterm born children reached 6.5 years. METHOD Our cohort was 435 children with neonatal PDA treatment data and neurodevelopmental follow-up data, born in 2004-2007, who participated in the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study. Pharmacological or surgical PDA treatment and the age at PDA treatment, were investigated in relation to the risks of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at 6.5 years. RESULTS The children who received PDA drug treatment, including those who also had surgery, had the same risk of moderate to severe NDI or lower FSIQ as untreated children. However, children who had primary PDA surgery faced increased risks of NDI, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-2.06) and a lower adjusted mean difference FSIQ of -7.1 (95% CI -11 to -3.2). Surgery at less than 10 days of life was associated with a significantly increased risk of moderate to severe NDI and lower FSIQ than surgery after 20 days. CONCLUSION Drug treatment followed by deferred surgery appeared to be a safer option for extremely preterm infants severely affected by PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gudmundsdottir
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lina Broström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Beatrice Skiöld
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Karin Källén
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Clinical Sciences University of Lund Lund Sweden
| | - Fredrik Serenius
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mikael Norman
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ulrika Aden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna‐Karin Edstedt Bonamy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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Hundscheid T, Jansen EJS, Onland W, Kooi EMW, Andriessen P, de Boode WP. Conservative Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Assessing Differences in Outcome Measures Between Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:626261. [PMID: 33718300 PMCID: PMC7946967 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.626261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to evaluate outcome after conservative management (no pharmacological/surgical intervention other than fluid restriction, diuretics, or ventilator adjustments) compared with active (pharmacological and/or surgical) treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants and analyze differences in outcome between randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. Study Design: This is a systematic literature review using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library. RCTs and cohort studies comparing conservative management with active treatment were included. Meta-analysis was used to compare conservative management with any active (pharmacological and/or surgical), any pharmacological (non-prophylactic and prophylactic), and/or surgical treatment for mortality as primary and major neonatal morbidity as secondary outcome measure. Fixed-effect analysis was used, unless heterogeneity (I 2) was >50%. Outcome is presented as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval. Results: Twelve cohort studies and four RCTs were included, encompassing 41,804 and 720 patients, respectively. In cohort studies, conservative management for PDA was associated with a significantly higher risk for mortality (RR, 1.34 [1.12-1.62]) but a significantly lower risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (RR, 0.55 [0.46-0.65]), necrotizing enterocolitis (RR, 0.85 [0.77-0.93]), intraventricular hemorrhage (RR, 0.88 [0.83-0.95]), and retinopathy of prematurity (RR, 0.47 [0.28-0.79]) compared with any active PDA treatment. Meta-analysis of the RCTs revealed no significant differences in outcome between conservative management and active treatment. Conclusion: No differences in mortality or morbidity for conservative management compared with active treatment regimens were observed in RCTs. Findings from cohort studies mainly highlight the lack of high-quality evidence for conservative management for PDA in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hundscheid
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther J S Jansen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wes Onland
- Department of Neonatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M W Kooi
- Division of Neonatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Andriessen
- Department of Neonatology, Máxima Medical Center Veldhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Department of Applied Physics, School of Medical Physics and Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Willem P de Boode
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Is late treatment with acetaminophen safe and effective in avoiding surgical ligation among extremely preterm neonates with persistent patent ductus arteriosus? J Perinatol 2021; 41:2519-2525. [PMID: 34453113 PMCID: PMC8395383 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association of late treatment with acetaminophen vs. immediate surgical ligation with death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) among extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) with persistent patent ductus arteriosus (pPDA). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective comparative epoch study of ELGANs with pPDA being considered for surgical ligation. ELGANs in epoch 1 (2009-2012) were referred for ligation, while infants in epoch 2 (2012-2015) were treated with oral acetaminophen and referred for ligation in the absence of improvement. The primary outcome was a composite of death/NDI at 18-24 months. RESULTS Ninety-two ELGANs with median[IQR] GA 25.2 weeks [24.4, 26.3] had pPDA (43 in epoch 1, 49 in -epoch 2) with acetaminophen-exposed neonates receiving 7 days [7, 7] of treatment. ELGANs in epoch 2 had reduced ligation (aOR 0.30; 95%CI: [0.11, 0.87]), but there was no difference in death/NDI (aOR 1.03; 95%CI: [0.30, 3.56]). CONCLUSIONS Late treatment with acetaminophen to avoid surgery for pPDA is associated with reduced ligation but no difference in death/NDI, supporting the safety and effectiveness of this approach.
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de Waal K, Phad N, Stubbs M, Chen Y, Kluckow M. A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial of Early Targeted Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Preterm Infants with a Patent Ductus Arteriosus. J Pediatr 2021; 228:82-86.e2. [PMID: 32858033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the feasibility of a future large randomized trial to compare early treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while awaiting spontaneous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure. STUDY DESIGN Preterm infants at <29 weeks of gestation with a PDA diameter >1.5 mm and <72 hours after birth were randomized to NSAIDs vs placebo. No open-label NSAID treatment was allowed in either arm, but all infants with PDA volume load received supportive management, including optimization of airway pressure, careful fluid management, and diuretics as needed. The pilot outcomes were recruitment rate and incidence of open-label treatment. Secondary clinical outcomes included chronic lung disease or death, the planned primary outcome for a future large trial. RESULTS Overall, 54% of the approached parents consented to participate in the study. The median recruitment rate was 3 infants per month, and a total of 72 infants were randomized. One patient in each arm received open-label treatment. PDA closure rates were 74% for the NSAIDs arm vs 30% for the placebo arm, but this was not associated with significant changes in clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This pilot trial showed that recruitment of more than one-half of eligible infants with a low incidence of open-label treatment is feasible. PDA closure rates and clinical outcomes were similar to those reported in previous PDA trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koert de Waal
- Department of Neonatology, John Hunter Children's Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nilkant Phad
- Department of Neonatology, John Hunter Children's Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Stubbs
- Department of Neonatology, John Hunter Children's Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Kluckow
- Department of Neonatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Barkhuizen M, Abella R, Vles JSH, Zimmermann LJI, Gazzolo D, Gavilanes AWD. Antenatal and Perioperative Mechanisms of Global Neurological Injury in Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:1-18. [PMID: 33373013 PMCID: PMC7864813 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) is one of the most common types of birth defects. Thanks to advances in surgical techniques and intensive care, the majority of children with severe forms of CHD survive into adulthood. However, this increase in survival comes with a cost. CHD survivors have neurological functioning at the bottom of the normal range. A large spectrum of central nervous system dysmaturation leads to the deficits seen in critical CHD. The heart develops early during gestation, and CHD has a profound effect on fetal brain development for the remainder of gestation. Term infants with critical CHD are born with an immature brain, which is highly susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic injuries. Perioperative blood flow disturbances due to the CHD and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass or circulatory arrest during surgery cause additional neurological injuries. Innate patient factors, such as genetic syndromes and preterm birth, and postoperative complications play a larger role in neurological injury than perioperative factors. Strategies to reduce the disability burden in critical CHD survivors are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Barkhuizen
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raul Abella
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University of Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron, Spain
| | - J S Hans Vles
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J I Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Gazzolo
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Fetal, Maternal and Neonatal Health, C. Arrigo Children's Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación de Salud Integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Olsson KW, Youssef S, Kjellberg M, Raaijmakers R, Sindelar R. A Matched Case Control Study of Surgically and Non-surgically Treated Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Pre-term Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:648372. [PMID: 33816408 PMCID: PMC8012891 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.648372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There are still uncertainties about the timing and indication for surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in pre-term infants, where lower gestational age (GA) usually is predictive for surgical treatment. Objective: Our aim was to assess differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between surgically treated and matched non-surgically treated PDA in extremely pre-term infants. Methods: All extremely pre-term infants born 2010-2016 with surgically treated PDA (Ligated group; n = 44) were compared to non-surgically treated infants (Control group; n = 44) matched for gestational age (+/-1 week) and time of birth (+/-1 month). Perinatal parameters, echocardiographic variables, details of pharmacological PDA treatment, morbidity, and mortality were assessed. Result: Mean GA and birthweight were similar between the Ligated group (24+5 ± 1+3 weeks and 668 ± 170 g) and the Control group (24+5 ± 1+3 weeks and 704 ± 166 g; p = 1.000 and p = 0.319, respectively). Infants in the Ligated group had larger ductal diameters prior to pharmacological treatment, and lack of diameter decrease and PDA closure after treatment (p = 0.022, p = 0.043 and 0.006, respectively). Transfusions, post-natal steroids and invasive respiratory support were more common in the Ligated group. Except for a higher incidence of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the Ligated group there were no other differences in outcomes or mortality between the groups. Conclusion: Early large ductal diameter and reduced responsiveness to pharmacological treatment predicted the need for future surgical ligation in this matched cohort study of extremely pre-term infants where the effect of GA and differences in treatment strategies were excluded. Besides an increased incidence of severe BPD in the Ligated group, no other differences in morbidity or mortality were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Wilhelm Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sawin Youssef
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Kjellberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Renske Raaijmakers
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard Sindelar
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhong J, Lin B, Fu Y, Yu Y, Zhao J, Zhao D, Yang C, Chen X. Platelet Count Might Be Associated With the Closure of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:729461. [PMID: 34708010 PMCID: PMC8544944 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.729461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Platelet-rich thrombosis leads to the occlusion of arteries. Whether the association between platelet count and closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) exists remains inconclusive. Given that neonatal platelet count is significantly affected by infection, this study aims to evaluate the association of platelet parameters before ibuprofen treatment with the closure of hsPDA in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants without concurrent infection. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the NICU of Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from January 2016 to August 2020. VLBW infants diagnosed with hsPDA, treated with oral ibuprofen and without concurrent infection were included in this study. The platelet parameters were retrieved from the whole-blood test routinely performed within 24 h before starting treatment of oral ibuprofen. A multiple regression model was built to evaluate the association between platelet parameters before ibuprofen treatment and successful closure of hsPDA. Results: A total of 129 premature infants with hsPDA were analyzed in this study. After oral ibuprofen treatment, successful closure of hsPDA was achieved in 70 (54.3%) infants. The gestational age at birth and birth weight in infants with successful or failed closure of hsPDA after ibuprofen treatment were 28.3 vs. 27.6 weeks (p = 0.016) and 1,120 vs. 960 g (p = 0.043), respectively. The rate of mechanical ventilation in infants with successful closure of hsPDA was significantly lower compared to those with failed closure of hsPDA, 31.4 vs. 54.2%, p = 0.014. The platelet count in infants with successful closure of hsPDA after ibuprofen treatment was significantly higher compared to those with failed closure of hsPDA, 212 vs. 183 (in a unit of 109/L), respectively (p = 0.024). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher platelet count (≥181 × 109/L) before ibuprofen treatment was independently associated with successful closure of hsPDA [odds ratio 2.556, 95% confidence interval (1.101-5.932), p = 0.029]. Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that a higher platelet count before oral ibuprofen treatment may predict the probability of successful closure of hsPDA in VLBW infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binchun Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanliang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Depeng Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanzhong Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueyu Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Martini S, Galletti S, Kelsall W, Angeli E, Agulli M, Gargiulo GD, Chen SE, Corvaglia L, Singh Y. Ductal ligation timing and neonatal outcomes: a 12-year bicentric comparison. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:2261-2270. [PMID: 33713339 PMCID: PMC7955694 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is common among extremely preterm infants. In selected cases, surgical PDA ligation may be required. The timing for PDA ligation may depend upon a variety of factors, with potential clinical implications. We aimed to investigate the impact of different surgical PDA managements on ligation timing and neonatal outcomes. Inborn infants < 32 weeks of gestation and < 1500 g admitted at two tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Units that underwent PDA ligation between 2007 and 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study and split into the following groups based on their surgical management: on-site bedside PDA ligation (ONS) vs. referral to an off-site pediatric cardiac surgery (OFS). Neonatal characteristics, surgical timing, and clinical outcomes of the enrolled infants were compared between the groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of PDA ligation timing on significantly different outcomes. Seventy-eight neonates (ONS, n = 39; OFS, n = 39) were included. Infants in the ONS group underwent PDA ligation significantly earlier than those in the OFS group (median age 12 vs. 36 days, p < 0.001) with no increase in postoperative mortality and complications. The multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between PDA ligation timing, late-onset sepsis prevalence (OR 1.045, 0.032), and oxygen need at discharge (OR 1.037, p = 0.025).Conclusions: Compared with off-site surgery, on-site bedside ligation allows an earlier surgical closure of PDA, with no apparent increase in mortality or complications. Earlier PDA ligation may contribute to reduced rates of late-onset sepsis and post-discharge home oxygen therapy, with possible cost-benefit implications. What is known: • Ineffective or contraindicated pharmacological closure of a hemodynamically significant PDA may require a surgical ligation. • Available literature comparing the effect of early vs. late PDA ligation on the main neonatal morbidities has yield contrasting results. What is new: • The availability of a cardiac surgery service performing bedside PDA ligation allows an earlier intervention compared to patient referral to an off-site center, with no difference in postoperative mortality and complications compared to off-site surgery. • Earlier PDA ligation was associated with a lower prevalence of late-onset sepsis and of oxygen need at discharge, with possible cost-benefit implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Galletti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Wilf Kelsall
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuela Angeli
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Agulli
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Si Emma Chen
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luigi Corvaglia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yogen Singh
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Seo YM, Sung IK, Yum SK. Risk factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation after surgical patent ductus arteriosus ligation in preterm infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:3714-3721. [PMID: 33111604 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1839044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main pathophysiologies of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) involves pulmonary over-circulation. However, PDA treatment does not present with uniform effects on pulmonary outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics - in particular, respiratory parameters - associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation after PDA ligation. METHODS Preterm infants ≤32 weeks gestation were included in the study. Infants who underwent PDA ligation were grouped depending on whether the infant successfully was extubated ≤14 d after ligation or required prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation >14 d after ligation. The clinical characteristics, including the parameters concerning the respiratory illness severity and hemodynamical significance of PDA shunt, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Among 172 preterm infants, 36 (20.9%) infants underwent surgical PDA ligation. Fifteen (41.6%) infants were successfully extubated at ≤14 d after ligation, and 21 (58.3%) infants required prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation for >14 d after ligation. In the univariable analysis, the infants who required prolonged mechanical ventilation was significantly smaller in terms of gestational age (GA) and birth weight and tended to present a greater respiratory illness severity [represented by the use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and greater RSS (respiratory severity score)/kg] with a larger PDA size prior to PDA ligation. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, peak preoperative RSS/kg (p = 0.012, OR = 0.207, 95% CI = 0.060-0.706) was the only significant factor associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation after PDA ligation. CONCLUSION Preterm infants with the compromised respiratory condition may be prone to prolonged mechanical ventilation after PDA ligation. The respiratory status during the early phase of life should be considered when evaluating the effect of PDA treatment. With an extended view, distinguishing infants with such risk factors may lead to more polished treatment strategies toward hsPDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hummler H. Near-Infrared spectroscopy for perfusion assessment and neonatal management. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 25:101145. [PMID: 32830077 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2020.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Term and preterm infants often present with adverse conditions after birth resulting in abnormal vital functions and severe organ failure, which are associated or sometimes caused by low oxygen and/or blood supply. Brain injury may lead to substantial mortality and morbidity often affecting long-term outcome. Standard monitoring techniques in the NICU focus on arterial oxygen supply and hemodynamics and include respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry but provide only limited information on end organ oxygen delivery. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy can bridge this gap by displaying continuous measurements of tissue oxygen saturation, providing information on the balance of oxygen delivery and consumption in organs of interest. Future techniques using multi-wavelength devices may provide additional information on oxidative metabolism in real time adding important information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Hummler
- Chief Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, Al Gharrafa Street, Ar-Rayyan, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; Professor of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Professor of Pediatrics adj. Ulm University, Germany.
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Abstract
More than 70 randomized controlled trials have been conducted on the management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. Yet, clinicians are unsure if treating a PDA improves clinically important outcomes. Earlier clinical trials have primarily explored which pharmacotherapeutic agent effectively closes the PDA. Because many of these trials included older infants, had widely varying PDA definitions, and provided open-label treatment, it is difficult to draw inferences on clinical outcomes based on the results of these trials. These flaws in trial design might have contributed to the growing notion that "no treatment" is a feasible option irrespective of the clinical characteristics of the infant and the PDA shunt volume.
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50
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Othman HF, Linfield DT, Mohamed MA, Aly H. Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight premature infants. Pediatr Neonatol 2020; 61:399-405. [PMID: 32278743 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is frequently encountered in premature infants. Optimal management of PDA remains undefined. We aim to assess the national trend for PDA ligation over 18 years and evaluate mortality and associated morbidities. METHODS We used data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and KID of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) from 1998 to 2015. All infants with gestational age 24-32 weeks and birth weight <1500 g were included. Patients with PDA were classified into two groups: those who did and did not receive surgical ligation. Associated mortality and morbidities were compared. RESULTS A total of 429,900 neonatal admissions were identified. Of them, 149,473 (34.8%) infants had PDA. PDA-ligated infants were 27,364 (6.4%). PDA ligation was more likely in those with smaller gestational age and with birth weight <1000 g. A steady decline in PDA ligation was noticed since 2004. The mortality rate in PDA-ligated infants was less than in PDA-non-ligated infants (7.5% vs. 8.9%; OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.78-0.86; p < 0.001). However, the prevalence rates of pulmonary hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were greater in PDA-ligated infants (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.49-1.67; p < 0.001, and OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.26-1.38; p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Ligation of PDA has been steadily declining since 2004. Despite higher morbidities, PDA-ligated infants had less mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan F Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University/Sparrow Health System, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Debra T Linfield
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed A Mohamed
- Division of Newborn Services, The George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hany Aly
- Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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