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Chung HW, Yu CH, Huang CY, Liang FW. Gender Difference in Neurodevelopment Disorders Among Late Preterm Infants: Exploring the Impact of Antenatal Corticosteroid Timing. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:637. [PMID: 38060152 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Huang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wen Liang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Huang TR, Chen HL, Yang ST, Su PC, Chung HW. The Outcomes of Preterm Infants with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated by Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy and Non-Invasive Ventilation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:838. [PMID: 38672192 PMCID: PMC11048199 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the utilization of minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) and Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) as the primary respiratory assistance has become increasingly prevalent among preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This study aims to compare the outcomes between MIST administered with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) versus nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), with the objective of exploring the respiratory therapeutic benefits of these two approaches. This retrospective study collected data from the neonatal intensive care unit of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital spanning from January 2016 to June 2021. Infants were divided into two groups based on the type of NIV utilized. The NCPAP group comprised 32 infants, while the NIPPV group comprised 22 infants. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences: the NIPPV group had a smaller gestational age, lower birth weight, higher proportion of female infants, and earlier initiation of MIST. Additionally, the NIPPV group exhibited higher incidence rates of retinopathy of prematurity, longer respiratory support duration, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality. However, upon adjustment, these differences were not statistically significant. Analysis of venous blood gas and respiratory parameter changes indicated that both the NCPAP and NIPPV groups experienced improvements in oxygenation and ventilation following MIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzyy-Rong Huang
- Respiratory Therapy Team, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Lin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-T.Y.); (P.-C.S.); (H.-W.C.)
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-T.Y.); (P.-C.S.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Pin-Chun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-T.Y.); (P.-C.S.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (S.-T.Y.); (P.-C.S.); (H.-W.C.)
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Chung HW, Hsieh HM, Lee CH, Lin YC, Tsao YH, Feng MC, Hung CH. Air pollution after acute bronchiolitis is a risk factor for preschool asthma: a nested case-control study. Environ Health 2023; 22:83. [PMID: 38044452 PMCID: PMC10694905 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute bronchiolitis and air pollution are both risk factor of pediatric asthma. This study aimed to assess subsequent exposure to air pollutants related to the inception of preschool asthma in infants with acute bronchiolitis. This study aimed to assess subsequent exposure to air pollutants related to the inception of preschool asthma in infants with acute bronchiolitis. METHODS A nested case-control retrospective study was performed at the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital systems between 2009 and 2019. The average concentration of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO, NO2, and NOX was collected for three, six, and twelve months after the first infected episode. Adjusted regression models were employed to evaluate the association between asthma and air pollution exposure after bronchiolitis. RESULTS Two thousand six hundred thirty-seven children with acute bronchiolitis were included. Exposure to PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO, NO2, and NOX in the three, six, and twelve months following an episode of bronchiolitis was found to significantly increase the risk of preschool asthma in infants with a history of bronchiolitis.(OR, 95%CI: PM10 = 1.517-1.559, 1.354-1.744; PM2.5 = 2.510-2.603, 2.148-3.061; SO2 = 1.970-2.040, 1.724-2.342; ; NO = 1.915-1.950, 1.647-2.272; NO2 = 1.915-1.950, 1.647-2.272; NOX = 1.752-1.970, 1.508-2.252) In a sensitive analysis of hospitalized infants, only PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NO were found to have significant effects during all time periods. (OR, 95%CI: PM10 = 1.613-1.650, 1.240-2.140; PM2.5 = 2.208-2.286, 1.568-3.061; SO2 = 1.679-1.622, 1.197-2.292; NO = 1.525-1.557, 1.094-2.181) CONCLUSION: The presence of ambient PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO in the three, six, and twelve months following an episode of acute bronchiolitis has been linked to the development of preschool asthma in infants with a history of acute bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Feng
- Department of Dysphagia Functional Reconstructive Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lee KW, Chung HW, Hsieh HM, Tsao YH, Hung CH, Feng MC, Hung CH. Post-stroke dysphagia and ambient air pollution are associated with dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1272213. [PMID: 37881359 PMCID: PMC10597701 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1272213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This cohort study aimed to explore the potential association between ambient air pollution and dementia incidence in adults who have experienced a stroke. Additionally, the study aimed to determine dysphagia as a predictive factor for the subsequent development of dementia in patients with stroke. Materials and methods This retrospective nested case-control study used data from the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Database in Taiwan. Data collected include average ambient air pollution concentrations within 3 months and 1 year after the index dysphagia date. The primary outcome includes incident dementia in patients with or without dysphagia. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between significant air pollution exposure and the risk of dementia while controlling for baseline demographic characteristics (age and sex), and comorbidities. Results The univariable regression models revealed a higher likelihood of dementia diagnosis in patients with dysphagia (odds ratio = 1.493, 95% confidence interval = 1.000-2.228). The raw odds ratios indicated a potential link between air pollution exposure and elevated dementia risks in the overall study population and patients with stroke without dysphagia, except for O3. Particulate matter (PM)2.5 and nitrogen oxides (NOx) exhibited significant effects on the risk of dementia in the stepwise logistic regression models. Conclusion The presence of dysphagia following a stroke may pose a risk of developing dementia. Additionally, PM2.5 and NOx exposure appears to elevate the risk of dementia in patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Tsao
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Hung
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Feng
- Department of Dysphagia Functional Reconstructive Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chung HW, Chang H, Hong D, Yun HJ, Chung HS. Optimal ropivacaine concentration for ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy surgery. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1139-1146. [PMID: 37635608 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_63_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background An ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has emerged as an effective way to control postoperative pain and may be a good alternative way to an epidural block. However, relevant research on the appropriate concentration of local anesthetics for an ESPB remains scarce. Aims This study aimed to investigate the optimal concentration of ropivacaine for an ESPB in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Methods A total of 68 patients who underwent a VATS lobectomy were enrolled. An ipsilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB was performed with three different ropivacaine concentrations as a local anesthetic: 0.189% (G1), 0.375% (G2), and 0.556% (G3). The total amount of perioperative remifentanil administered, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) applied, and rescue drugs for postoperative analgesia during the 24 h after surgery were acquired, and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores were obtained. Results The total amount of intraoperative remifentanil administered was 7.20 ± 3.04 mcg/kg, 5.32 ± 2.70 mcg/kg, and 4.60 ± 1.75 in the G1, G2, and G3 groups, respectively. G2 and G3 had significantly lower amounts of remifentanil administered than the G1 group (P = 0.02 vs. G2; P = 0.003 vs. G3). The G3 group needed more inotropes than the G1 and G2 groups in the perioperative period (P = 0.045). The NRS scores, PCA, and rescue drug were not significantly different in the three groups. Conclusion The optimal concentration of ropivacaine recommended for an ESPB was 0.375%, which was effective in controlling pain and reducing the intraoperative opioid requirements with minimal adverse reactions such as hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chung HW, Chang CK, Huang TH, Chen LC, Chen HL, Yang ST, Chen CC, Wang K. Mobile Device-Based Video Screening for Infant Head Lag: An Exploratory Study. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1239. [PMID: 37508736 PMCID: PMC10378382 DOI: 10.3390/children10071239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Video-based automatic motion analysis has been employed to identify infant motor development delays. To overcome the limitations of lab-recorded images and training datasets, this study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model using videos taken by mobile phone to assess infants' motor skills. METHODS A total of 270 videos of 41 high-risk infants were taken by parents using a mobile device. Based on the Pull to Sit (PTS) levels from the Hammersmith Motor Evaluation, we set motor skills assessments. The videos included 84 level 0, 106 level 1, and 80 level 3 recordings. We used whole-body pose estimation and three-dimensional transformation with a fuzzy-based approach to develop an AI model. The model was trained with two types of vectors: whole-body skeleton and key points with domain knowledge. RESULTS The average accuracies of the whole-body skeleton and key point models for level 0 were 77.667% and 88.062%, respectively. The Area Under the ROC curve (AUC) of the whole-body skeleton and key point models for level 3 were 96.049% and 94.333% respectively. CONCLUSIONS An AI model with minimal environmental restrictions can provide a family-centered developmental delay screen and enable the remote monitoring of infants requiring intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Che-Kuei Chang
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiou Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Center for Fundamental Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuochen Wang
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Fundamental Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Chung HW, Yang ST, Liang FW, Chen HL. Clinical outcomes of different patent ductus arteriosus treatment in preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks in Taiwan. Pediatr Neonatol 2023:S1875-9572(22)00274-1. [PMID: 36653283 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment in very preterm infants is controversial. This study focused on preterm infants born at 28-32 weeks of gestation and analyzed the association between various PDA treatments and clinical outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infants born at 28-32 weeks of gestation between 2016 and 2019 at 22 hospitals in the Taiwan Premature Infant Follow-up Network. We categorized the infants into four groups according to treatment strategies: medication, primary surgery, medication plus surgery, or conservative treatment. RESULTS A total of 1244 infants presented with PDA, and 761 (61.1%) were treated. Medication was the predominant treatment (50.0%), followed by conservative treatment (38.9%), medication plus surgery (7.6%), and primary surgery (3.5%). The risk of mortality was not reduced in the active treatment group compared to the conservative treatment group. There was a higher prevalence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and any degree of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in both the primary surgery and medication plus surgery groups than in the conservative treatment group. After adjustment, both the primary surgery and medication plus surgery groups still had higher odds ratios for the occurrence of NEC and any degree of BPD. CONCLUSIONS Compared with active PDA treatment, conservative treatment for PDA did not increase the risk of mortality and morbidity in very preterm infants born at 28-32 weeks of gestation. The risks and benefits of surgery (PDA ligation) in these infants must be considered cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wen Liang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lin Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Chen IL, Chung HW, Hsieh HM, Chen SC, Chen HC, Lin YC, Hung CH. The prenatal and postnatal effects of air pollution on asthma in children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2724-2734. [PMID: 35927981 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Air pollution is strongly associated with asthma, but has not been determined to induce new-onset asthma development in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). WORKING HYPOTHESIS To assess whether prenatal/postnatal exposure to air pollutants triggers new-onset asthma development in children with AD. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PATIENT-SUBJECT SELECTION Data of patients <age 18 years diagnosed with eczema or AD between 2009 and 2019 were extracted from the multicenter Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Research Database. Patients diagnosed with new-onset asthma were in the asthma group and patients without asthma history were in the non-asthma group. METHODOLOGY The monthly average concentration of air pollutants for 1, 3, and 5 years before the index date, and 3, 6, and 9 months prenatally were analyzed and further stratified by age, immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and the percentage of eosinophil and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). RESULTS Postnatal exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM2.5 , PM10 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), ozone (O3 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitric dioxide (NO2 ), and NOx , and prenatal exposure to PM2.5 , PM10 , SO2 , NO, and NOx were significantly higher in the asthma group than in the non-asthma group. Patients having IgE above 100 IU/ml and ECP less than 24 ng/ml were significantly influenced by postnatal exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 , especially CO, to develop asthma, and those having an eosinophil count >3% were significantly influenced by prenatal exposure to PM2.5 , especially SO2 , NO, and NO2 . CONCLUSIONS Prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution have an association with asthma development in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Community Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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9
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Su PC, Chung HW, Yang ST, Chen HL. Effect of Small Volume Blood Sampling on the Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants. Children 2022; 9:children9081190. [PMID: 36010080 PMCID: PMC9406683 DOI: 10.3390/children9081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants universally experience anemia of prematurity (AOP) while growing up. The effects of reduced blood sample volume on AOP, packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion, and outcome in VLBW preterm infants were examined in this study. To reduce blood loss due to phlebotomy, we set up a small volume blood sampling procedure in VLBW infants. In this retrospective study, we compared the VLBW infants who had undergone standard blood sampling (control group, n = 20) with those who underwent small volume blood sampling (study group, n = 84), with both groups receiving PRBC transfusion under restrictive criteria. Blood loss from phlebotomy and PRBC transfusion volume over 30 days was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. Compared to the control group, hematocrit, reticulocyte, and iron levels were significantly higher in the study group. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patent ductus arteriosus, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia between the two groups. The small volume blood sampling resulted in lower PRBC transfusion volume, less severe anemia, and greater bone marrow function at 30 days of age. This strategy can reduce potential adverse effects of PRBC transfusion in VLBW preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(07)-3121101-6529
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Chung HW, Hsieh HM, Lee CH, Lin YC, Tsao YH, Wu HW, Kuo FC, Hung CH. Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Preschool Asthma in Neonatal Jaundice Infants. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3771-3781. [PMID: 35832831 PMCID: PMC9271683 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s366336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Both air pollutant exposure and neonatal jaundice (NJ) have known effects on childhood asthma, but a higher total serum bilirubin (TSB) level has been associated with lung protection. This study aimed to assess whether prenatal/postnatal exposure to ambient air pollutants is related to the development of asthma in infants with NJ. Patients and Methods A nested case–control retrospective study was performed using the data of infants with NJ in the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Research Database. Data on average ambient air pollution concentrations within six months, the first year and second year after birth, and in the first, second and third prenatal trimesters were collected. NJ was defined as TSB levels ≥ 2 mg/dl with the diagnosis less than one-month-old. Asthma was defined as a diagnosis with medication use. We constructed conditional logistic regression models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Exposure to NO and SO2 at all six time points in the study was significantly associated with an increased risk of preschool asthma in infants with NJ. The overall peak OR (95% CI) of SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NO, NO2, and NOX were 1.277 (1.129–1.444), 1.057 (1.023–1.092), 1.035 (1.011–1.059), 1.272 (1.111–1.455), 1.168 (1.083–1.259) and 1.104 (1.051–1.161), respectively. Fetuses in the first and second trimester were most vulnerable to ambient air pollutant exposure such as SO2 PM2.5, NO, NO2 and NOX during the prenatal period. Exposure to all six ambient air pollutants during the first and second years after birth significantly affected preschool asthma in NJ infants. Conclusion In different time windows, prenatal and postnatal exposure to SO2, PM2.5, PM10, NO, NO2, and NOX were associated with preschool asthma in NJ infants. The relatively high impact of NO and SO2 exposure in infants with NJ requires further studies and prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Community Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ho FC, Chen HL, Chung HW. Axillary Cystic Hygroma. J Pediatr 2021; 234:273-274. [PMID: 33771579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Cheng Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chung HW, Lee WT, Chen HL. Reexamining the ideal depth of endotracheal tube in neonates. Pediatr Neonatol 2018; 59:258-262. [PMID: 29102454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appropriate endotracheal tube (ET) depth for the newborn with respiratory failure is important. Inappropriate ET depth increases the risk of uneven lung expansion and collapse. This retrospective study aimed to compare the final ideal ET depth with Tochen's formula in Taiwanese intubated neonates, and to determine the correlation between neonatal factors and final ideal ET depth, and to devise an accurate predictive formula for use in Taiwan. METHODS Data were collected from neonates who required endotracheal intubation and who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 2011 to 2015. Correlations between the final ideal ET depth, GA, and BW were assessed using the Pearson correlation test. Multiple regression analysis was used to produce a formula to predict appropriate ET depth from mouth angle to midtracheal position of neonates. RESULTS A total of 139 neonates were enrolled in this study. The final ideal ET depth was in concordance with Tochen's formula only in 19 neonates (13.7%); relatively deeper in 30 (21.6%) neonates; and shallower than the values from Tochen's formula in 90 (64.7%) neonates. Multiple regression analysis showed that the BW and GA together produced best prediction for final ideal ET depth in our study population. SGA and gender were shown to be insignificantly related to final ideal ET depth. CONCLUSION Our study showed the final ideal ET depth was shallower than Tochen's formula in 64.7% of neonates. Tochen's formula might not be suitable to predict ET depth for neonates in Taiwan. In our study, the new formula: 4.0 + 1.0 BW (kg) + 0.05 GA (weeks) provides a more accurate value and alternative method for evaluating the final ideal ET depth in Taiwan. A practical guideline for Asian neonates should be validated by prospective studies with large sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Te Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Abstract
AIMS Adjuvant treatment after intralesional curettage for atypical cartilaginous tumours (ACTs) of long bones is widely accepted for extending surgical margins. However, evaluating the isolated effect of adjuvant treatment is difficult, and it is unclear whether not using such adjuvants provides poor oncological outcomes. Hence, we analyzed whether intralesional curettage without cryosurgery or chemical adjuvants provides poor oncological outcomes in patients with an ACT. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 24 patients (nine men, 15 women) (mean age 45 years; 18 to 62) were treated for ACTs of long bones and followed up for a median of 66 months (interquartile range 50 to 84). All patients were treated with extensive manual curettage and limited burring. Bone cement and grafts were used to fill bone defects in 16 and eight patients, respectively. No chemical adjuvants or cryosurgery were used. RESULTS No local recurrence was detectable on plain radiographs and MRI or CT images. At the last follow-up, there were no distant metastases or disease-specific deaths. No procedure-related complications or postoperative fractures developed. CONCLUSION Intralesional curettage without cryosurgery or chemical adjuvants may provide excellent oncological outcomes for patients with ACTs of long bones, without the risk of complications related to adjuvant use. Our investigation suggests thorough curettage alone is a reasonable treatment option for ACT. However, we acknowledge the limited size of our investigation warrants a multicentre collaborative study to confirm our findings. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:256-61.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - H W Chung
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, South Korea
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Cho SH, Lim JY, Kim SN, Hong S, Chung HW, So Y, Kim WY, Lee SJ. The prognostic significance of pretreatment [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging in patients with uterine cervical cancer: preliminary results. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2015; 36:30-35. [PMID: 25872331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION To evaluate the prognostic significance of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with cervical cancer in FIGO Stages IB1 to IVB were imaged with PET/CT prior to treatment during one of the staging work-ups. The patients were observed for a median of 31.4 months (range, six to 89 months) after the initial treatment. The standardized uptake value (SUV) max of the primary cervical tumor mass was compared with the prognostic factors. RESULTs: A total of 81 patients who were primarily treated with radical hysterectomy (RH, n = 45) or concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT, n = 36) were analyzed. Multivariate analysis indicated that larger tumor size (> 4 cm, OR 8.694, 95% CI, 1.638-46.146), deep stromal invasion (≥ 1 cm, OR 7.249, 95% CI, 1.141-46.039) by the primary tumor, and pathologically confirmed pelvic lymph node involvement (positive, OR 14.586, 95% CI, 2.072-102.674) were significantly associated with recurrence after treatment. However, pretreatment SUVmax was not a significant independent predictor of disease recurrence (OR 1.058, 95% CI, 0.255-4.398). CONCLUSION [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake by the primary tumor showed a significant association with several risk factors that have been identified as treatment predictors. However, a high pretreatment SUVmax was not predictive of recurrence in uter- ine cervical cancer patients.
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Chung HW, Yun CM, Kim JT, Kim SW, Oh J, Huh K. Retinal sensitivity assessed by microperimetry and corresponding retinal structure and thickness in resolved central serous chorioretinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:1223-30. [PMID: 25081286 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between retinal sensitivity (RS) assessed by microperimetry (MP) and retinal structural changes in patients with resolved central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination and MP tests were performed in patients with resolved CSC. Point-to-point correlation was performed between RS and corresponding retinal structural changes using Pearson's correlation analysis. In addition, in a 1-mm zone in the central fovea, a correlation was calculated between the mean RS and the mean central retinal thickness (CRT). RESULTS Eighty-four eyes were analyzed. The total number of MP test points was 1092 (84 eyes × 13 points). The mean RS and retinal point thickness (RPT) of all test points were 13.53±3.84 dB and 208.6±48.0 μm, respectively. The RS and RPT were significantly decreased in the test points with loss of the ellipsoid portion of the inner segments (EPIS) (P<0.0001). Within the 1-mm foveal center zone, there was a significant correlation between mean RS and mean CRT (r=0.432, P<0.0001) and between RS and the corresponding RPT (r=0.339, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION RS was dependent on the status of the EPIS in patients with resolved CSC. The correlation between mean RS and mean CRT was compatible with the point-to-point correlation between RS and the corresponding RPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C M Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J T Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-W Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Huh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chung WJ, Chung HW, Shin MJ, Lee SH, Lee MH, Lee JS, Kim MJ, Lee WK. MRI to differentiate benign from malignant soft-tissue tumours of the extremities: a simplified systematic imaging approach using depth, size and heterogeneity of signal intensity. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e831-6. [PMID: 22553293 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/27487871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differentiating between malignant and benign lesions on the basis of MR images depends on the experience of the radiologist. For non-experts, we aimed to develop a simplified systematic MRI approach that uses depth, size and heterogeneity on T(2) weighted MR images (T(2)WI) to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions, and evaluated its diagnostic accuracy. METHODS MR images of 266 patients with histologically proven soft-tissue tumours of the extremities (102 malignant, 164 benign) were analysed according to depth (superficial or deep), size (<50, ≥50 mm) and signal intensity (homogeneous or heterogeneous) on T(2)WI, to determine the ability of each to predict benign and malignant tumours. These three parameters were categorised into systematic combinations of different orders of application, and each combination was assessed for its ability to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that depth, size and heterogeneity on T(2)WI differed significantly between benign and malignant masses (p<0.0001 each). Multiple logistic regression analysis, however, showed that depth was not helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. The systematic combination of signal intensity, size and depth, in that order, was superior to other combinations, resulting in higher diagnostic values for malignancy, with a sensitivity of 64%, a specificity of 85%, a positive predictive value of 32%, a negative predictive value of 59% and an accuracy of 77%. CONCLUSION A simplified systematic imaging approach, in the order signal intensity, size and depth, would be a reference to distinguish between benign and malignant soft-tissue tumours for non-experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Chung
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lai PH, Chang HC, Chuang TC, Chung HW, Li JY, Weng MJ, Fu JH, Wang PC, Li SC, Pan HB. Susceptibility-weighted imaging in patients with pyogenic brain abscesses at 1.5T: characteristics of the abscess capsule. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:910-4. [PMID: 22282449 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SWI is a high-resolution 3D, fully velocity-compensated gradient-echo sequence that uses both magnitude and phase data. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phase behavior of the capsule of pyogenic brain abscesses with noncontrast SWI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with pyogenic brain abscesses were studied at 1.5T. In all of the patients, SWI images were obtained and reviewed in addition to conventional MR images. Phase values within the abscess capsule were measured and compared with those from the abscess cavities and contralateral normal white matter using 1-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni analysis. RESULTS SWI phase images showed mild hypointesity in 6 patients, isointensity in 3 patients, and mixed iso- to mild hypointensity in 5 patients. The means of phase in the cavity, rim of abscesses, and contralateral normal white matter were -7.552 × 10(-3) ± 0.024, -0.105 ± 0.080, and +0.029 ± 0.011 radians, respectively. Post hoc comparisons showed significant differences between any pair of the 3 regions (abscess cavity, rim capsule, and normal white matter) in SWI (all Ps < .005). CONCLUSIONS SWI phase imaging shows evidence of paramagnetic substances in agreement with the presence of free radicals from phagocytosis. SWI may provide additional information valuable in the characterization of pyogenic brain abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Lai
- Department of Radiology, Veterans General Hospital-Kaohsiung, 386 Ta-Chung First Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan 813, Republic of China.
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Cha JH, Chung HW, Kwon JW, Choi BK, Lee SH, Shin MJ. Longitudinal split of the posterior cruciate ligament: description of a new MR finding and evaluation of its potential clinical significance. Clin Radiol 2011; 66:269-74. [PMID: 21295207 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the clinical significance of the intra-substance longitudinal split of the posterior cruciate ligament (LS-PCL) and to evaluate its potential clinical significance on MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The databases of two centres were searched for LS-PCL, 6917 knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations undertaken were retrospectively reviewed. LS-PCL was defined as increased signal intensity in a PCL in the longitudinal direction, but with an intact ligament outer surface on MRI. Twelve patients were enrolled in this study. Available arthroscopic results, degree of posterior knee instability, and changes in MRI findings, or the degree of instability during follow-up (FU), were reviewed from the patients medical records and via their MRI images. MRI images were reviewed by two musculoskeletal radiologists in consensus for presence and location of LS-PCL and any combined injuries: menisci lesions, ligament injuries, and bone marrow changes. RESULTS Seven of 12 patients (58.3%) had morphological or functional evidence of PCL injury or insufficiency according to the change of posterior instability on FU stress testing (n=3), insufficiency during arthroscopy (n=2), or decreased extent and altered shape of the PCL split on the FU MRI (n=3). One patient revealed both change of posterior instability on FU stress testing and insufficiency during arthroscopy. Combined injuries were revealed in seven patients. Five patients had isolated LS-PCL: two patients underwent arthroscopic PCL reconstructions; and another three patients revealed knee instability on stress testing. CONCLUSION Although LS-PCL has not been described before, it can be a type of partial tear of the PCL, which causes PCL insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cha
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Cullen JF, Chung HW. Mistaken diagnosis of optic neuritis and the possible role of phosphodiasterase-5 inhibitors (Sildenafil/Viagra). Med J Malaysia 2010; 65:315-316. [PMID: 21901956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of optic neuritis and particularly retrobulbar optic neuritis when atypical and not responsive to corticosteroid treatment may need to be revised. This is now especially so in male patients who should be questioned regarding their taking a phosphodiasterase-5 inhibitor in particular Viagra. The case history of such a patient is presented who sustained posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy mistaken for retrobulbar neuritis resulting in bilateral severe visual loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Cullen
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital, Avenue, Singapore 168751.
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Schagemann JC, Chung HW, Mrosek EH, Stone JJ, Fitzsimmons JS, O'Driscoll SW, Reinholz GG. Poly-epsilon-caprolactone/gel hybrid scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:454-63. [PMID: 19582837 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of hybrid scaffolds composed of naturally derived biopolymer gels and macroporous poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for neocartilage formation in vitro. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were seeded into PCL/HA (1 wt % hyaluronan), PCL/CS (0.5 wt % chitosan), PCL/F (1:3 fibrin sealant plus aprotinin), and PCL/COL1 (0.24% type I collagen) hybrids and cultured statically for up to 50 days. Growth characteristics were evaluated by histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Neocartilage was quantified using a dimethyl-methylene blue assay for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for type II collagen (COL2), normalized to dsDNA content by fluorescent PicoGreen assay. Chondrocytes were homogenously distributed throughout the entire scaffold and exhibited a predominantly spheroidal shape 1 h after being seeded into scaffolds. Immunofluorescence depicted expanding proteoglycan deposition with time. The sGAG per dsDNA increased in all hybrids between days 25 and 50. PCL/HA scaffolds consistently promoted highest yields. In contrast, total sGAG and total COL2 decreased in all hybrids except PCL/CS, which favored increasing values and a significantly higher total COL2 at day 50. Overall, dsDNA content decreased significantly with time, and particularly between days 3 and 6. The PCL/HA hybrid displayed two proliferation peaks at days 3 and 25, and PCL/COL1 displayed one proliferation peak at day 12. The developed hybrids provided distinct short-term environments for implanted chondrocytes, with not all of them being explicitly beneficial (PCL/F, PCL/COL1). The PCL/HA and PCL/CS hybrids, however, promoted specific neocartilage formation and initial cell retention and are thus promising for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Schagemann
- Cartilage and Connective Tissue Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Kwon KH, Jeon YJ, Hwang HS, Lee KA, Kim YJ, Chung HW, Pang MG. A high yield of fetal nucleated red blood cells isolated using optimal osmolality and a double-density gradient system. Prenat Diagn 2008; 27:1245-50. [PMID: 17994634 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To increase the yield of fetal nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) from maternal blood using a discontinuous Percoll gradient and to determine the effects of osmolality on NRBC yield. METHODS Fetal NRBCs were isolated from combined umbilical cord blood and adult female blood, or from maternal blood using single or double Percoll gradients with different osmolalities. Magnetic activated cell sorting was used to enrich isolated NRBCs, and morphological differentiation was performed with Kleihauer-Betke stain. We also isolated fetal NRBCs from 25 10 mL samples of maternal blood and determined fetal sex by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using X-Y probes. RESULTS For single-density Percoll columns, the greatest number of NRBCs was isolated using 280 mOsm/kg H(2)O with 1.077 g/mL Percoll and 520 mOsm/kg H(2)O with 1.119 g/mL Percoll. Significantly more fetal NRBCs were isolated with double Percoll density gradients than with double-Histopaque gradients (p = 0.043). FISH analysis on NRBC in 25 cases correctly identified 15 male and 9 female euploid fetuses and one Trisomy 21 fetus. CONCLUSION The NRBC enrichment method we present requires less maternal blood and yields more NRBCs compared to previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kwon
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee JW, Cho EY, Hong SH, Chung HW, Kim JH, Chang KH, Choi JY, Yeom JS, Kang HS. Spinal epidural hemangiomas: various types of MR imaging features with histopathologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:1242-8. [PMID: 17698523 PMCID: PMC7977664 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Because of the high vascularization of hemangiomas, preoperative misinterpretation may result in unexpected intraoperative hemorrhage and incomplete resection, which results in the persistence of clinical symptoms or recurrence. Our purpose was to analyze various MR imaging features of a spinal epidural hemangioma with histopathologic correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS After searching through the pathology data bases in 3 hospitals, we included 14 patients (9 male and 5 female; mean age, 38 years; age range, 2-62 years) with spinal epidural hemangiomas confirmed by surgical resection after MR imaging. Three radiologists reviewed the MR imaging in consensus and categorized the features into subtypes on the basis of histopathologic findings. RESULTS We categorized the MR imaging features as follows: type A for a cystlike mass with T1 hyperintensity (2 cases, arteriovenous type with an organized hematoma), type B for a cystlike mass with T1 isointensity (3 cases, venous type), type C for a solid hypervascular mass (7 cases, cavernous type), and type D for an epidural hematoma (2 cases, cavernous type with hematoma). Types A and B had frequent single segmental involvement (4/5), whereas types C and D had multisegmental involvement in all. Regardless of MR types, lobular contour (8/14) and a rim of low T2 signal intensity (8/14) of the mass were common. T1 hyperintensity of the mass was occasionally seen (5/14). CONCLUSIONS Spinal epidural hemangiomas can have various MR imaging features according to their different histopathologic backgrounds. In addition to common features such as solid hypervascularity, lobular contour, and a rim of low T2 signal intensity, T1 hyperintensity or multisegmental involvement may also be a clue in the differential diagnosis of a spinal epidural hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeongi-Do, Korea
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Ko K, Han BK, Shin JH, Choe YH, Chung HW, Lee EH, Choi SJ. The axillopectoral muscle seen on mammography. Clin Radiol 2006; 61:625-9. [PMID: 16784950 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Ko
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Choi JY, Shin A, Park SK, Chung HW, Cho SI, Shin CS, Kim H, Lee KM, Lee KH, Kang C, Cho DY, Kang D. Genetic polymorphisms of OPG, RANK, and ESR1 and bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 2005; 77:152-9. [PMID: 16151677 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-004-0264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of genetic polymorphisms of OPG, RANK, and ESR1, which regulate osteoclastogenesis, on bone mineral density (BMD), a cross-sectional study was conducted in 650 Korean postmenopausal women. BMDs of the distal radius and the calcaneus were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Genetic polymorphisms of OPG 163 A > G, 1181 G > C; RANK 421 C > T, 575 T > C; and ESR1 1335 C > T, 2142 G > A were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. The differences between the BMDs of the genotypes of OPG, RANK, and ESR1 were analyzed by multiple linear regression model adjusted for age and body mass index. Women with the OPG 1181 CC genotype had higher BMDs at the distal radius (7%) and calcaneus (10%) than those with the GG genotype; and these differences were statistically significant (P = 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). A significant association was also observed between RANK 575 T > C and calcaneus BMD (P for trend = 0.017). No significant association was observed between BMDs and the polymorphisms of ESR1. The association between OPG 1181 G > C and BMD was profound in subjects with the RANK 575 TT or ESR1 2142 GG genotypes; women with OPG 1181 CC had higher BMDs at the distal radius (11%) and calcaneus (11%) than those with OPG 1181 GG only in women with RANK 575 TT genotype (P = 0.002 and P = 0.021, respectively). These results suggest that OPG genetic polymorphisms, especially with the RANK 575 TT or ESR1 2142 GG genotypes, are related to low BMD in postmenopausal Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Chromosome aberration frequency and lipid peroxidation levels were analyzed to investigate their efficacy as biological markers for monitoring the genotoxicity and oxidative damage in Korean chromium (Cr)-exposed workers. Fifty-one Cr-exposed workers and 31 age-matched controls in ten chrome-plating plants were sampled. The Cr level was measured in the workers' blood and urine, and in the ambient air at the workplaces. The conventional Giemsa staining method and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique were used for chromosome aberration analysis. Spectrum green whole chromosome paint specific for chromosome 4 was used in the FISH procedure. As for lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in the blood plasma as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). The blood Cr concentration was statistically correlated with both the frequency of chromatid exchange and the total frequency of chromosome/chromatid breaks and exchanges, as detected by the Giemsa staining. Meanwhile, the frequency of translocation, as detected by the FISH technique, was significantly higher in the Cr-exposed workers than in the controls and it correlated with the blood Cr concentration. Although the concentration of MDA, the metabolite of lipid peroxidation, in the exposed workers was higher than that of the controls, no statistically significant correlation between the MDA level and the blood or urine Cr levels was observed. Accordingly, the genotoxicity and oxidative damage (plasma lipid peroxidation) in the Korean Cr-exposed workers were consequential at quite low exposure levels, plus chromosome rearrangement, especially translocation, was clearly evident as a biological response marker for Cr exposure based on a significant positive correlation between the translocations detected by FISH and the Cr in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Maeng
- Center for Occupational Toxicology, Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, 104-8 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
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Chung HW, Lee SJ, Park SW, Song SY, Chung JB, Kang JK. Primary natural killer-cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy 2004; 36:671. [PMID: 15243900 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-814562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Dogok-dong 146-92, Seoul 135-720, South Korea
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Chung HW, Chung HJ. Correspondence re: J. W. Baish and R. K. Jain, Fractals and Cancer. Cancer Res., 60: 3683-3688, 2000. Cancer Res 2001; 61:8347-50. [PMID: 11719469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Huang IJ, Chen CY, Chung HW, Chang DC, Lee CC, Chin SC, Liou M. Time course of cerebral infarction in the middle cerebral arterial territory: deep watershed versus territorial subtypes on diffusion-weighted MR images. Radiology 2001; 221:35-42. [PMID: 11568318 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2211001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine possible differences between the evolution of cerebral watershed infarction (WI) and that of territorial thromboembolic infarction (TI) by using diffusion-weighted (DW) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with TI and nine with WI underwent MR imaging from the acute to chronic infarction stages. ADC maps were derived from DW images. Lesion-to-normal tissue signal intensity ratios on ADC maps (rADC), echo-planar T2-weighted images, and DW images were calculated. Lesion volumes at acute or early subacute infarction stages were measured on DW images, and final lesion volumes were estimated on fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery images. RESULTS Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in temporal evolution patterns of rADC between WI and TI (P <.001). rADC pseudonormalization following TI began about 10 days after symptom onset, but that following WI did not occur until about 1 month after symptom onset. The Pearson correlation coefficient between final and initial infarct volumes was 0.9899 for both infarction subtypes, indicating that the initial ischemic injury volume measured at the acute or early subacute stage predicted the final lesion volume fairly well. CONCLUSION The evolution time of ADC is faster for TI than for WI. This difference, which likely originates from the different pathophysiologic and hemodynamic features of the two infarction types, might account for the relatively large range of ADC values reported for the time course of ischemic strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
A case of tuberculous dactylitis in an immunocompetent patient is presented and the radiographic findings and differential diagnosis discussed. MR image, although nonspecific, was helpful for differential diagnosis and evaluating the extent of the lesion. Although this is a rare condition, the diagnosis should be considered when dealing with an unusual destructive bony lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Yoon
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-774, South Korea
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Moon HS, Choi EA, Park HY, Choi JY, Chung HW, Kim JI, Park WI. Expression and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of E-Cadherin, β- and γ-Catenin, and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Cervical Cancer Cells. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 81:355-9. [PMID: 11371122 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cadherin/catenin adhesion complex is fundamentally involved in epithelial cancer invasion and metastasis. Much evidence suggesting that epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced the scattering and invasion of cancer cells, probably by affecting E-cadherin function, has been reported. The present study aimed to confirm the hypothesis that EGF/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was related with the E-cadherin adhesion system in cervical cancer cells and that EGF might induce tyrosine phosphorylation of beta- and gamma-catenin. METHODS Cervical cancer cells were treated for different time durations with 30 ng/ml of EGF. Alteration of the cell morphology was examined by light microscopy and the expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin, gamma-catenin, EGFR, and activated EGFR was assayed using Western blotting. Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta- and gamma-catenin was also examined using immunoprecipitation. RESULTS E-cadherin and EGFR were expressed in CaSki, HT-3, and ME-180 cell lines, which showed epithelial contact growth. The expression of E-cadherin and beta- and gamma-catenin did not change after treatment with EGF. The expression of EGFR decreased and activated EGFR expression increased in 30 min and then decreased subsequently. The simultaneous expression of activated EGFR and tyrosine phosphorylation of beta- and gamma-catenin was found. CONCLUSIONS EGF-induced scattering of the E-cadherin-positive cervical cancer cells might be the result of tyrosine phosphorylation of the beta- and gamma-catenin. Phosphorylation of the beta- and gamma-catenin may hamper the adhesive function of the E-cadherin-catenin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Moon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
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Chung HW. [Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative-competitive PCR (QC-PCR)]. Exp Mol Med 2001; 33:85-97. [PMID: 11708328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its extraordinarily high sensitivity, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used for amplifying cDNA copies of low abundance mRNA. However, quantitation is unreliable because the amount of PCR product increases exponentially with each cycle of amplification; therefore, minute differences in any of the variables that affect the efficiency of amplification can dramatically alter product yield. Coamplification with a different reporter gene product is a semiquantitative mRNA quantitation method. Thus, we constructed an internal standard with a defined deletion fragment from the target cDNA, and used the same primers to coamplify the unknown and the competitor, allowing us to quantify the amount of specific target cDNA available. In addition, because the efficiency of amplification of the internal control molecules is identical to that of the target template, quantitative PCR can avoid the discrepancies associated with tube-to-tube or sample-to-sample variations in the kinetics of the RT reaction. For RNA quantitation, Northern blots are widely used. However, the Northern blot technique requires at least 10mg of total RNA for semiquantitation while QC-PCR requires only 1mg of total RNA and is useful when only small amounts of tissue are available. QC-PCR is a simple, and inexpensive method in which competitive PCR is used for highly accurate quantitation of mRNA and DNA from a small number of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE To assess magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features in differentiating tuberculous arthritis from pyogenic arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Findings in 29 patients with tuberculous arthritis were compared with those of 13 patients with pyogenic arthritis. Bone erosion, marrow signal intensity, synovial lesion signal intensity, boundaries (smooth or irregular) for extraarticular extension of infection, and abscess rim enhancement (thin and smooth or thick and irregular) were analyzed. RESULTS Bone erosion was more common in patients with tuberculous arthritis (24 [83%] of 29) than in those with pyogenic arthritis (six [46%] of 13) (P =.026), while subchondral marrow signal intensity abnormality was seen more frequently in patients with pyogenic arthritis (12 [92%] of 13) than in those with tuberculous arthritis (17 [59%] of 29) (P =.036). On T2-weighted images, there was no significant difference between the synovial lesion signal intensities of tuberculous arthritis and pyogenic arthritis. Lesions in 16 (70%) of 23 patients with tuberculous arthritis and two (17%) of 12 patients with pyogenic arthritis had smooth extraarticular boundaries, while those in seven (30%) of 23 patients with tuberculous arthritis and 10 (83%) of 12 patients with pyogenic arthritis had irregular boundaries (P =.005). Tuberculous abscesses (16 [100%] of 16) had thin and smooth rim enhancement, while most pyogenic abscesses (five [71%] of seven) had thick and irregular rims (P =.001). CONCLUSION MR imaging of bone abnormalities, extraarticular lesions, and associated abscesses provides useful information in the differentiation of tuberculous arthritis and pyogenic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hong
- Dept. of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Chung HW, Wen Y, Ahn JJ, Moon HS, Polan ML. Interleukin-1beta regulates urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA), u-PA receptor, soluble u-PA receptor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in cultured human endometrial stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:1332-40. [PMID: 11238529 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.3.7335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) system plays an integral role in local intercellular interactions during implantation. In addition, the plasminogen activator system, especially urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and u-PA receptor (u-PAR), are crucial during embryo implantation. Decidualization and implantation are complex processes dependent upon several proteases, including u-PA, and IL-1 is known to affect PA activity in several cell types. We investigated the role of IL-1beta in regulating u-PA, PAI-1, u-PAR, and soluble u-PAR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in cultured human endometrial stromal cells using quantitative competitive PCR. For confirmation of the mRNA data, we measured PAI-1 and u-PAR protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Confluent stromal cell cultures treated with progesterone and estradiol for 9 days were stimulated with IL-1beta, and IL-1beta plus IL-1beta antibody for an additional 24 h. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and coamplified using quantitative and competitive PCR with internal standards. IL-1beta increased PAI-1, u-PAR, and soluble u-PAR expression in a dose-dependent manner, and this result was reversed by anti-IL-1beta antibody treatment. u-PA mRNA expression was not dependent on IL-1beta. These results suggest that IL-1 may be important in regulating PAI-1 and u-PAR during stromal cell decidualization before implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5317, USA.
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Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Ultrasonography (US) has a potential role in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristic sonographic features of acute osteomyelitis and correlate them with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental model of acute osteomyelitis was produced in the tibiae of 20 rabbits. Daily US and plain radiography were performed for 2 weeks. The authors evaluated periosteal reaction, subperiosteal fluid collection, and soft-tissue changes seen with US. A hypoechoic band and a hyperechoic line lying along the cortex were considered positive signs of subperiosteal fluid collection and periosteal reaction, respectively. The findings of periosteal reaction were compared for US and radiography, and pathologic findings were also correlated. RESULTS The most common sonographic finding was a hypoechoic band along the cortex (21 [75%] of 28 tibiae), usually associated with a linear periosteal reaction (20 [71%] of 28). This juxtacortical abnormal echogenicity corresponded to periosteal elevation with loose fibrovascular connective tissue and granulation, associated with subperiosteal abscess formation. The periosteal reactions were detected with US before they were seen on radiographs. The periosteum showed gradual thickening during the disease process. In 50% of infected tibiae, inflammation or abscess formation was observed in the surrounding soft tissue. CONCLUSION US readily demonstrates juxtacortical abnormal echogenicity and soft-tissue infection related to acute osteomyelitis. The abnormal echogenicity correlated well with the pathologic findings of periosteal reaction and subperiosteal abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Cheon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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Chung HW. The severity of pulmonary emphysema investigated with fractal analysis: regional dependence. J Nucl Med 2001; 42:177-8. [PMID: 11197972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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Chung HW, Wen Y, Chun SH, Nezhat C, Woo BH, Lake Polan M. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 mRNA expression in ectopic and eutopic endometrium in women with endometriosis: a rationale for endometriotic invasiveness. Fertil Steril 2001; 75:152-9. [PMID: 11163831 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mRNA expression of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) in ectopic endometriosis tissue and uterine endometrium from women with and without endometriosis throughout the menstrual cycle. DESIGN Molecular studies in human tissue. SETTING Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Reproductive Immunology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center. PATIENT(S) Fifty-three premenopausal woman (23 women with endometriosis and 30 women without endometriosis undergoing laparoscopic surgery). Endometrium and ectopic endometriosis tissue were obtained at the time of surgery. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) mRNA expression from eutopic and ectopic endometrium was analyzed by quantitative, competitive PCR. RESULT(S) Both uterine endometrium and ectopic endometriotic tissue from women with endometriosis expressed significantly (P<.05) lower levels of TIMP-3 than endometrium from normal women. Also, ectopic endometrium expressed higher levels of MMP-9 and a higher ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-3 than eutopic endometrium from normal and endometriosis patients. CONCLUSION(S) These results suggest that ectopic and eutopic endometrium from endometriosis patients may be more invasive and prone to peritoneal implantation because of greater MMP and less TIMP-3 mRNA expression than endometrium from women without endometriosis. Thus, increased proteolytic activity may be one of the reasons for the invasive properties of the endometrium, resulting in the development of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5317, USA
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Kim SS, Han MH, Kim JE, Lee CH, Chung HW, Lee JS, Chang KH. Malignant melanoma of the sinonasal cavity: explanation of magnetic resonance signal intensities with histopathologic characteristics. Am J Otolaryngol 2000; 21:366-78. [PMID: 11115521 DOI: 10.1053/ajot.2000.18865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of malignant melanoma of the sinonasal cavity and compare these findings with those of the histopathological examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MR images of 11 patients with malignant melanoma of the sinonasal cavity were retrospectively reviewed. Ten patients had primary malignant melanoma of the sinonasal cavity and one had a local recurrence. The imaging findings were evaluated with special attention given to the signal intensity of the tumor, internal characteristics, and growth pattern on MR. Signal intensity and enhancement patterns of the tumors were compared with the histopathological findings. RESULTS On T1-weighted image, 6 tumors were hyperintense (5 melanotic and one amelanotic melanoma), and 5 tumors were isointense or hypointense (4 amelanotic and one melanotic). On T2-weighted images, 2 amelanotic tumors showed hyperintensity, and 5 melanotic tumors showed hypointensity. Four tumors (one melanotic and 3 amelanotic) were isointense. Four of the 7 tumors with hyperintensity on T1-weighted images showed patchy, higher-signal intensity areas. In 3 of them, patchy areas of a higher degree of pigmentation were found on histopathological examination. There were multiple linear dark signal intensities on T2-weighted images and/or linear-enhancing areas on enhanced T1-weighted images within the masses in 5 of the 11 patients. These findings could be explained as intratumoral vessels in 4 tumors and fibrous septa in one tumor on histopathological examinations. CONCLUSION Malignant melanoma of the sinonasal cavity shows characteristic MR signal intensity, which is mainly attributable to the degree and distribution of melanin pigmentation, and partly attributable to hemorrhage within the mass. The linear, low-signal intensity on T2-weighted images or enhanced lines are intratumoral vessels or fibrous septa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul City Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Chung HW, Chen CY, Zimmerman RA, Lee KW, Lee CC, Chin SC. T2-Weighted fast MR imaging with true FISP versus HASTE: comparative efficacy in the evaluation of normal fetal brain maturation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000; 175:1375-80. [PMID: 11044047 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.175.5.1751375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compares the relative efficacy of two fast T2-weighted MR imaging techniques-fast imaging with steady-state free precession (true FISP) and half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE)-in the evaluation of the normal fetal brain maturation during the second and third trimesters of gestation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The brain maturation of 10 normal nonsedated fetuses (5 during the second trimester and 6 during the third trimester of gestation [1 fetus underwent 2 examinations]) was examined by both techniques using a Vision+ 1.5-T MR system. We specifically looked for developing events, including white matter myelination, neuronal migration, and cortical sulcation. Image quality was graded according to the presence or absence of undesirable blurring. RESULTS The specific absorption rate was lower for true FISP than for HASTE by a factor of 3 at equivalent imaging conditions. HASTE and true FISP provide comparable image quality in the second trimester when myelination of the cerebrum has not begun. Neuronal migration could be recognized as hypodense bands on both sequences during the second trimester. Myelination beginning at the third trimester was better delineated with true FISP than with HASTE because of point spread function-related blurring effects inherent in HASTE that hampered visualization of short-T2 structures. Cortical sulcation was well delineated by both sequences. CONCLUSION With relatively superior image quality and significantly lower radiofrequency absorption than HASTE, true FISP is a safer and more effective alternative in the prenatal evaluation of normal fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan 10764, Republic of China
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Abstract
The diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of a patient with subacute stage of heroin-induced vacuolating myelinopathy are reported. The diffuse decrease of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the white matter on DW imaging is attributed to restricted water diffusion, which is known to be caused by fluid entrapment within the myelin lamellae without demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chen
- Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
We present a rare case of juxtacortical chondromyxoid fibroma arising in the lesser trochanter of the right femur which corresponds to an apophysis. Radiography showed a well-defined expansive lesion with a sclerotic margin measuring 5x3.5 cm in diameter in the lesser trochanter. On spin echo T1-weighted images, the lesion revealed low signal intensity similar to muscle. On spin echo T2-weighted images, the lesion revealed high heterogeneous signal intensity, which after gadolinium injection showed heterogeneous enhancement. The inner margin of the cortex was intact and adjacent bone marrow was of normal signal intensity. The outer margin of the lesion was also clearly defined and extension into adjacent soft tissue beyond the exophytic cortical outgrowth was not evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Radiation Medicine, SNUMRC, Seoul, Korea
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Chung HW, Kim YH, Hong SH, Kim SS, Chung JK, Seong SC, Kang HS. Indirect signs of anterior cruciate ligament injury on SPET: comparison with MRI and arthroscopy. Nucl Med Commun 2000; 21:651-8. [PMID: 10994669 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200007000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Indirect signs of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) include bony contusions in the lateral femoral condyle and the posterior portion of the lateral tibial plateau. This study was undertaken to assess the value of single photon emission tomography (SPET) in the diagnosis of ACL injury by examining the uptake pattern in the distal femur and the proximal tibia. Thirty-five patients were examined using SPET, MRI and arthroscopy. Seventeen patients were found to have ACL tears on arthroscopy. The duration of symptoms was 4 days to 10 years (mean 26.4 months). MRI and SPET images were analysed retrospectively without information from arthroscopic examination. Radionuclide uptake in the lateral femoral condyle and the posterior lateral tibial plateau was considered an indirect sign of ACL injury on SPET. We evaluated the diagnostic value of indirect signs of ACL injury obtained on SPET by comparing these findings with arthroscopic and MRI results. Fifteen of 17 patients with ACL injury showed indirect signs on SPET. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for indirect signs of ACL injury were 88%, 56%, 65% and 83% on SPET and 59%, 94%, 91% and 71% on MRI, respectively. However, despite the higher sensitivity of indirect signs on SPET than on MRI, the overall diagnostic value of MRI is better than that of SPET. In the clinical setting, indirect signs of ACL injury may be of value in interpreting incidental findings on SPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul City Boramae Hospital, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse chromosome aberrations in nuclear-power-plant workers taking account of the mean lifetime of lymphocytes (MLTL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Analysis of chromosome aberrations was performed on peripheral lymphocytes from 395 nuclear-power-plant workers and 135 controls. An equivalent acute dose (EAD) was calculated utilizing MLTL values of either 4.3 or 10 years. RESULTS Using an MLTL value of 10 years produced an EAD range of 0.O1 mSv -182mSv(mean 46.6mSv), while using an MLTL, of 4.3 years produced results ranging from 0.01 mSv to 86.2 mSv (mean 23.4 mSv). A significant increase of chromosome-type exchange by the equivalent acute dose was observed using an MLTL of either 10 or 4.3 years when including the control in the analysis, but a significant increase was not seen when only the exposed was considered. A significant increase of chromosome-type deletion by EAD was seen even when only the exposed group was considered. CONCLUSIONS EAD values based on an MLTL of either 4.3 or 10 years, as well as cumulative dose, showed no significant association with chromosome aberrations, when radiation workers only were analysed. The narrow dose range examined in this study might have contributed to this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Korea.
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Chung HW, Huang YH. Fractal analysis of nuclear medicine images for the diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema: interpretations, implications, and limitations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000; 174:1055-9. [PMID: 10749249 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.174.4.1741055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate, on images obtained in nuclear medicine examinations, the physical meanings and consequent implications of fractal analysis developed in a recent study that was reported to be effective in quantifying the heterogeneous distribution of carbon particle radioaerosol in the lungs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fractal dimensions were computed for 108 sets of radionuclide imaging data from 28 patients according to the methods in a previous report, and were then correlated with the ratio of tissue areas segmented at two thresholds (15% and 35% of maximal radioactivity). RESULTS Fractal dimension was found to linearly correlate with the ratio natural logarithm of tissue areas segmented at two different threshold levels (n = 108, r = 0.999), with regression slope accurately predicted (error = 0.06%). Bland-Altman analysis showed that fractal dimensions ranging from 0.2 to 1.9 can be explained by this area ratio with disagreement of only 5.13% at two standard deviations; thus, fractal dimension seems to be an over-simplified parameter unrelated to spatial heterogeneity of radioaerosol distribution. CONCLUSION The analysis of this study suggested that the fractal dimension defined in a previous report was limited to the indication of the percentage area of low-radioactivity regions with respect to total tissue area in the image. Because the fractal dimension partially reflects, but is not specific to, a certain degree of focal spots of low radioactivity, we suggest using fractal analysis in clinical practice only with careful control and thorough understanding of the physical meanings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Ko CW, Chung HW. Automatic spike detection via an artificial neural network using raw EEG data: effects of data preparation and implications in the limitations of online recognition. Clin Neurophysiol 2000; 111:477-81. [PMID: 10699410 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(99)00284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Automatic detection of epileptic EEG spikes via an artificial neural network has been reported to be feasible using raw EEG data as input. This study re-investigated its suitability by further exploring the effects of data preparation on classification performance testing. METHODS Six hundred EEG files (300 spikes and 300 non-spikes) taken from 20 patients were included in this study. Raw EEG data were sent to the neural network using the architecture reported to give best performance (30 input-layer and 6 hidden-layer neurons). RESULTS Significantly larger weighting of the 10th input-layer neuron was found after training with prepared raw EEG data. The classification process was thus dominated by the peak location. Subsequent analysis showed that online spike detection with an erroneously trained network yielded an area less than 0.5 under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve, and hence performed inferiorly to random assignments. Networks trained and tested using the same unprepared EEG data achieved no better than about 87% true classification rate at equal sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS The high true classification rate reported previously is believed to be an artifact arising from erroneous data preparation and off-line validation. Spike detection using raw EEG data as input is unlikely to be feasible under current computer technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Ko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Room 238, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kang HS, Kim BH, Ryu JW, Hong SH, Chung HW, Cho SY, Kim YH, Hwang SI, Jeong DK, Shin YG. The visible man: three-dimensional interactive musculoskeletal anatomic atlas of the lower extremity. Radiographics 2000; 20:279-86. [PMID: 10682793 DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.20.1.g00ja23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A personal computer-based interactive musculoskeletal anatomic atlas of the lower extremity has been created by using the Visible Human Male data set. A semiautomatic segmentation program was developed by using an intelligent scissors approach and shape-based interpolation, thus considerably reducing the laborious work of the segmentation and labeling process. Manual contour extractions at 3-mm section intervals and shape-based interpolations of intervening sections of the musculoskeletal structures of the lower extremity were performed. For interactive and realistic three-dimensional display, an efficient binary volume rendering method was developed that introduces the concept of shear-warp factorization and applies a newly developed normal calculation technique. Binary volume rendering reconstructs various structures from a series of two-dimensional sections in a few seconds, thus enabling real-time manipulations of the computerized atlas. All of the muscles, tendons, and bones of the lower extremity have been segmented and labeled. The volume-based three-dimensional interactive atlas supports various interactions including rotation, removal, highlighting with artificial colors, arbitrary cutting operation, transparent view, and descriptive knowledge representation. In addition, browsing through the two-dimensional images of transverse, coronal, and sagittal views with labeling and segmentation information is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-Gu, Korea
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Chung HW, Kim SC, Kim HL. Frame-shift mutation in hormone binding domain of human androgen receptor gene causes complete androgen insensitivity. Mol Cells 1998; 8:741-5. [PMID: 9895128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the human androgen receptor gene impairs normal sexual differentiation and development in karyotypic males, resulting in a spectrum of external genital phenotypes ranging from complete female to nearly complete male. The androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is an X-linked disorder in which genetic males fail to undergo normal fetal masculinization or pubertal virilization. PCR amplification of AR exons followed by SSCP analysis was performed with the genomic DNA of a patient having complete AIS. Mutation was observed at the exon E, where a single nucleotide deletion of T at the nucleotide 3286 was observed by cyclic sequencing. A single base deletion in Exon E in the hormone binding domain causes a frame-shift mutation, which leads to changes in the open reading frame, and causes the early termination of AR synthesis. The structural change of the hormone binding domain and AR might cause an insensitivity to the androgen thus leading to AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Kang SH, Won K, Chung HW, Jong HS, Song YS, Kim SJ, Bang YJ, Kim NK. Genetic integrity of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptors in cervical carcinoma cell lines: loss of growth sensitivity but conserved transcriptional response to TGF-beta. Int J Cancer 1998; 77:620-5. [PMID: 9679767 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980812)77:4<620::aid-ijc23>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) exerts an inhibitory effect on the growth of most epithelial cell types, and the loss of responsiveness to this growth inhibition has been implicated in the development of a variety of human cancers. The genetic alteration of TGF-beta receptors is known to play a critical role in this escape from growth regulation. We asked whether there is a correlation between TGF-beta sensitivity and the genetic status of TGF-beta type I and type II receptors (RI and RII, respectively) in human cervical carcinoma cell lines. Among 8 cell lines examined, 3 (ME-180, C-33A and HeLaS3) showed resistance to TGF-beta and 3 (SiHa, CaSki and HeLa229) showed minimal response to the growth inhibitory effect of TGF-beta; the other cell lines (HeLa and HT-3) were sensitive. Northern blot analysis revealed that the RII mRNA was not expressed in 2 TGF-beta-resistant cell lines (ME-180 and C-33A) but was expressed in the other cell lines. Southern blot analysis of RI and RII revealed a homozygous deletion of the entire TGF-beta RII gene in the cell line ME-180. We then asked whether the other TGF-beta-resistant or refractory cell lines had microsatellite instability and/or poly-adenine tract mutations of RII. We also checked for point mutations in the individual exons of the entire RII using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Although C-33A exhibited poly-adenine microsatellite instability, its RII gene showed no signs of mutation. The molecular integrity of the TGF-beta, receptors in all cell lines, except ME-180 and C-33A, could be confirmed by examining the distinct transcriptional induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), p21(WAF1/CIP1) and, in some cases, the accompanying downregulation of c-myc in response to TGF-beta. Our observations, taken together, indicate that inactivation of the RII contributes to the resistance to TGF-beta of some cervical carcinoma cell lines. Loss of or attenuated sensitivity to TGF-beta growth inhibition in other cells may be attributed to the disruption of distal components in the TGF-beta signal pathway, but not to the receptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kang
- Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Choi SG, Yi Y, Kim YS, Kato M, Chang J, Chung HW, Hahm KB, Yang HK, Rhee HH, Bang YJ, Kim SJ. A novel ets-related transcription factor, ERT/ESX/ESE-1, regulates expression of the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:110-7. [PMID: 9417054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2.5-kilobase cDNA clone that encodes a 371-amino acid novel transcription factor was isolated from a human placenta cDNA library using a yeast one-hybrid system. The novel ets-related transcription factor (ERT) showed a homology with the ETS DNA-binding domain. Using constructs of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor (RII) promoter linked to the luciferase gene, we have demonstrated that ERT activates transcription of the TGF-beta RII gene through the 5'-TTTCCTGTTTCC-3' response element spanning nucleotides +13 to +24 and multiple additional ETS binding sites between -1816 and -82 of the TGF-beta RII promoter. A specific interaction between ERT and the ETS binding sites was also demonstrated using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Deletion mapping of ERT protein suggests that the transactivation domain resides in the amino terminus while the DNA-binding domain is localized to the carboxyl-terminal region. Our results suggest that ERT might be a major transcription factor involved in the transcriptional regulation of the TGF-beta RII gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Choi
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-5055, USA
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Chung HW. Alternate k-space sampling in EPI: possible sources of ringing artifacts. Magn Reson Med 1997; 38:173-5. [PMID: 9211394 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910380125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
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