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Zhang X, Yue F, Shi Q, Jiang Y, He J, Li L, Liu R. Prenatal detection and molecular cytogenetic characterization of 19q13.42 microduplication: three reported cases and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:5. [PMID: 33451353 PMCID: PMC7809756 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trisomy 19q is a recognizable syndrome and associated with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes in clinic. The purpose of this study was to explore the prenatal phenotypes of 19q13.42 duplication, which was rarely reported in clinic. Case presentation Three pregnant women presenting diverse indications for prenatal diagnosis accepted amniocentesis: increased nuchal translucency and fetal pyelic separation (case 2) and high risk of maternal serum screening for Down syndrome (case 1 and case 3). Case 1 and case 2 shared similar duplicated locus in the region of 19q13.42, encompassing part NLRP12 gene. The latter inherited the chromosomal duplication from the mother with normal phenotypes. Case 3 carried a 1.445 Mb duplication in the 19q13.42q13.43 region. It was proposed that evolutionary duplication of NLRP12 gene could have a causative role in autoinflammatory diseases development. The genotype–phenotype correlation depends mainly on the duplicated size and functional genes involved, which is still yet to be determined. All pregnant women chose to continue the pregnancy and delivered healthy children with no apparent abnormalities. Conclusions The 19q13.42 microduplications in our study were the smallest fragments compared to previous literature. Our findings enriched the prenatal phenotypes for this chromosomal microscopic imbalance. It was proposed that long term follow up analysis should be guaranteed till adulthood to determine whether there will be other emerging clinical symptoms and developmental-behavioral disorders for such carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fagui Yue
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Rim JH, Kim JA, Yoo J. A Novel 1.13 Mb Interstitial Duplication at 19q13.32 Causing Developmental Delay and Microcephaly in a Pediatric Patient: the First Asian Case Reports. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:1241-1244. [PMID: 29047251 PMCID: PMC5653492 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.6.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Only 6 patients with partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 19 (19q), caused by direct interstitial duplications, have been reported until today. Herein, we report a pediatric patient with a novel 1.13 Mb direct interstitial duplication within 19q13.32, which is the smallest fragment affected so far. A five-year old Korean boy of healthy parents presented with microcephaly, growth retardation, developmental delay, and craniofacial dysmorphism. Even though G-banded chromosome analysis at resolution of 550-band revealed normal karyotype, duplication of 1.13 Mb fragment within 19q13.32 was detected by array comparative genomic hybridization. Comparing with previously reported patients with pure duplication involving 19q as a sole chromosomal abnormality, our case showed the smallest duplication segment with relatively mild degree of clinical features. Our present case might serve as the landmark case among patients with 19q duplication for genotype-phenotype correlation study and further identification of critical region for 19q duplication abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hoon Rim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Physician-Scientist Program, Yonsei University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong A Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jongha Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
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3
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19q13.33→qter trisomy in a girl with intellectual impairment and seizures. Meta Gene 2014; 2:799-806. [PMID: 25606462 PMCID: PMC4288793 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements in chromosome 19 are rare. Among the 35 patients with partial 19q trisomy described, only six have a breakpoint defined by array. The 19q duplication results in a variable phenotype, including dysmorphisms, intellectual disability and seizure. In a female patient, although G-banding at 550 band-resolution was normal, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique and genomic array showed a 10.6 Mb terminal duplication of chromosome 19q13. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the duplicated region was attached to the short arm of chromosome 21 and silver staining showed four small acrocentrics with nucleolar organization region (NOR) activity, suggesting that the breakpoint in chromosome 21 was at p13. This is the first de novo translocation between 19q13.33 and 21p13 described in liveborn. The chromosome 19 is known to be rich in coding and non-coding regions, and chromosomal rearrangements involving this chromosome are very harmful. Furthermore, the 19q13.33→qter region is dense in pseudogenes and microRNAs, which are potent regulators of gene expression. The trisomic level of this region may contribute to deregulation of global gene expression, and consequently, may lead to abnormal development on the carriers of these rearrangements. The first patient with a de novo translocation between 19q13.33 and 21p13 reported in liveborn. The patient clinical and cytogenetic analyses are reported in details. Rearrangements in 19q13.33→qter region are correlated to intellectual disability and seizures. Chromosomal rearrangements involving rich coding and non-coding regions appear to be very harmful.
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Davidsson J, Jahnke K, Forsgren M, Collin A, Soller M. dup(19)(q12q13.2): array-based genotype-phenotype correlation of a new possibly obesity-related syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:580-7. [PMID: 19763090 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) derived from the near-centromeric area of chromosome 2 are very rare. In addition, duplications of the 2p11.2-->q11.2 region have displayed considerable variability between patients harboring and lacking clinical findings. Moreover, constitutional duplication of the 19q12-->q13.2 region has previously only been described in two cases and was associated with delay of developmental milestones, corpus callosum anomalies, and obesity. Herein, we present a genotype-phenotype correlation in a patient harboring two sSMCs derived from chromosomes 2 and 14 or 22, respectively. The DNA was studied using G-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques, and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. A 48,XX,+der(2)del(2)(p11)del(2)(q11.2),+der(14)t(14;19)(q11;q12)del(19)(q13.31) or 48,XX,+der(2)del(2)(p11)del(2)(q11.2),+der(22)t(22;19)(q11;q12)del(19)(q13.31) was detected in the patient. The sSMC 14;19 or 22;19, with its centromere originating from either chromosome 14 or 22, encompassed a 13.56 megabase (Mb) 19q derived region, harboring 263 genes, and the sSMC 2 a 2.71 Mb region including 29 genes. The patient had symptoms including a ventral septal defect, bilateral grade IV urinary reflux, corpus callosum agenesis, microphthalmia, and obesity. The 19q segment contained the genes AKT2, CEACAM1, CEBPA, LIPE, and TGFB1 which are involved in adipose tissue homeostasis and insulin resistance, and could potentially contribute to the obese phenotype observed. Array-based genetic characterization and long-term clinical evaluation with attention toward weight gain in patients with chromosome 19q duplications might in the future lead to the description of a obesity-associated genetic syndrome, something that could have implications in management and treatment of patients carrying a dup(19)(q12q13.2). Whether the der(2)(p11q11.2) contributes to the phenotype remains inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Davidsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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5
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Direct tandem duplication in chromosome 19q characterized by array CGH. Eur J Med Genet 2008; 51:257-63. [PMID: 18342596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 19 is a rare aneusomy. Only six cases of pure duplications have been previously reported, two of which were prenatally detected. Here we describe the clinical manifestations in a 15-month-old girl with a de novo dup(19)(q12q13.2) and the application of array-based comparative genomic hybridization with a resolution of approximately 1 Mb to characterize the duplicated segment. Seven clones were found duplicated, and the size of the fragment was determined to be 10.8 Mb. The scarce number of patients reported and the difficulty of accurately defining the duplicated segment when conventional cytogenetic methods are applied hamper the delineation of a clinical phenotype for duplication of chromosome 19q. To our knowledge this is the fifth live born reported with a pure dup(19), and the first report in which the duplicated segment has been accurately characterized by means of array CGH.
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Babić I, Brajenović-Milić B, Petrović O, Mustać E, Kapović M. Prenatal diagnosis of complete trisomy 19q. Prenat Diagn 2007; 27:644-7. [PMID: 17437325 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This communication presents the first case of complete trisomy 19q, prenatally detected by ultrasound investigation. Real-time high-resolution ultrasound examination was performed at 19 weeks of gestation. After termination of the pregnancy, autopsy investigation was done. GTG-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization m-(FISH) analysis, and FISH analysis with a 19q subtelomeric specific probe were used for identification of the fetal karyotype. Sonographic examination revealed an enlarged cisterna magna, cerebellar hypoplasia and aplasia of the inferior part of the vermis, combined and bilateral kidney malformations, significant nuchal fold, absence of fetal nasal bones, and intracardial calcifications. Autopsy confirmed ultrasound findings, but also revealed situs viscerum inversus of the lungs. Fetal karyotype was defined as: 46,XY,der(21)t(19;21)(q11;p13)mat. Our ultrasound and autopsy findings will certainly contribute to better knowledge of phenotype characterization of this rare chromosomal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Babić
- School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, University of Rijeka.
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Sauter SM, Böhm D, Bartels I, Burfeind P, Laccone FA, Neesen J, Wilken B, Liehr T, Zoll B. Partial trisomy of distal 19q detected by quantitative real-time PCR and FISH in a girl with mild facial dysmorphism, hypotonia and developmental delay. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:1091-9. [PMID: 17431920 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 2 7/12-year-old girl who was referred to us because of psychomotor developmental delay. She is the second child of healthy, non-consanguineous parents. Pregnancy and birth were uneventful. Milestones of motor development were delayed: grasping at 6 months, sitting without support at 16 months, crawling at 16 months and walking at 2 4/12 years of age. She spoke about five words and followed simple instructions. Banding cytogenetics revealed a numerically and structurally normal female karyotype of 46,XX. By quantitative real-time PCR analysis of all subtelomeric regions, a partial trisomy of the subtelomeric region of 19q could be detected. This result was confirmed by FISH-analysis with a subtelomeric probe for 19q. The additional material of chromosome 19q was localized on chromosome 6q. However, a deletion of the subtelomeric region of 6q could not be detected with a subtelomeric FISH probe for 6q. Conventional cytogenetic analysis as well as FISH with subtelomeric probes for 19q and 6q showed normal results in the parents. The detected chromosomal aberration probably occurred de novo. The clinical features are very likely to be caused solely by the partial trisomy 19q.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sauter
- Institut für Humangenetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, Göttingen, Germany.
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Rombout S, Sartenaer D, Parmentier B, Dugauquier C, Gillerot Y. A rare case ofde novo distal 19q trisomy prenatally diagnosed. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24:822-7. [PMID: 15503276 DOI: 10.1002/pd.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of de novo trisomy of distal 19q diagnosed prenatally by cytogenetics and FISH analysis. The autopsy performed after termination of the pregnancy showed major internal and external malformations that are associated with this chromosome abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rombout
- Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Loverval, Belgium.
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Rauen KA, Bitts SM, Li L, Golabi M, Cotter PD. Tandem duplication mosaicism: characterization of a mosaic dup(5q) and review. Clin Genet 2001; 60:366-70. [PMID: 11903338 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mosaicism for tandem duplications is rare. Most patients reported had abnormal phenotypes of varying severity, depending on the chromosomal imbalance involved and the level of mosaicism. Post-zygotic unequal sister-chromatid exchange has been proposed as the main mechanism for tandem duplication mosaicism. However, previous molecular analyses have implicated both meiotic and post-zygotic origins for the duplication. We describe a newborn male who was originally diagnosed in utero with arrhythmia and tetralogy of Fallot. He had multiple dysmorphic features including telecanthus, blepharophimosis, high broad nasal bridge with a square-shaped nose, flat philtrum, thin upper lip, down-turned corners of the mouth, high-arched palate, micrognathia, asymmetric ears, and long, thin fingers and toes. Karyotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed mosaicism for a tandem duplication of part of the long arm of one chromosome 5: mos46,XY,dup(5)(q13q33)[6]/46,XY[45]. Fibroblast cultures had the same mosaic karyotype with a higher frequency of the dup(5) clone: mos46,XY,dup(5)(q13q33)[9]/46,XY[21]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with a wcp5 confirmed the chromosome 5 origin of the additional material. Parental karyotypes were normal indicating a de novo origin of the dup(5) in the proband. Molecular analyses of chromosome 5 sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers in our family were consistent with a post-zygotic origin for the duplication. Therefore, mosaicism for tandem duplications can arise both through meiotic or mitotic errors, as a result of unequal crossing over or unequal sister-chromatid exchange, respectively. Our review indicates that mosaicism for tandem duplications is likely under-ascertained and that parental karyotyping of probands with non-mosaic tandem duplications should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, USA
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Cotter PD, Kaffe S, Li L, Gershin IF, Hirschhorn K. Loss of subtelomeric sequence associated with a terminal inversion duplication of the short arm of chromosome 4. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 102:76-80. [PMID: 11471177 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010722)102:1<76::aid-ajmg1389>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 4(1/2)-year-old girl, who presented with multiple minor anomalies consistent with trisomy for 4p. GTG-banding identified a de novo terminal inversion duplication of distal 4p, dup(4)(p16.3p15.3). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a wcp4 probe confirmed the chromosome 4 origin of the additional material. FISH with a 4p subtelomere probe, D4F26, showed no signal on the dup(4) chromosome identifying a deletion of this region. Molecular analysis of 4p STS loci confirmed the subtelomeric deletion and showed loss of the paternal allele in this region. The paternal origin of the deleted region and homozygosity for one of the two paternal alleles within the region of the duplication suggests that a sister chromatid rearrangement on the paternal chromosome 4 was involved in the formation of the dup(4) chromosome. To date, the best characterized mechanisms of formation of chromosome duplications are terminal inversion duplications of 8p, which were shown to be derived from rearrangements at maternal meiosis-I. Our data show that mechanisms other than a maternal meiosis-I rearrangement can lead to the formation of terminal inversion duplications. FISH analysis with the appropriate subtelomeric probes is warranted in terminal inversion duplications to check for associated deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Cotter
- Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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Kotzot D, Martinez MJ, Bagci G, Basaran S, Baumer A, Binkert F, Brecevic L, Castellan C, Chrzanowska K, Dutly F, Gutkowska A, Karaüzüm SB, Krajewska-Walasek M, Luleci G, Miny P, Riegel M, Schuffenhauer S, Seidel H, Schinzel A. Parental origin and mechanisms of formation of cytogenetically recognisable de novo direct and inverted duplications. J Med Genet 2000; 37:281-6. [PMID: 10745046 PMCID: PMC1734569 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.4.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular results of 20 cases with de novo tandem duplications of 18 different autosomal chromosome segments are reported. There were 12 cases with direct duplications, three cases with inverted duplications, and five in whom determination of direction was not possible. In seven cases a rearrangement between non-sister chromatids (N-SCR) was found, whereas in the remaining 13 cases sister chromatids (SCR) were involved. Paternal and maternal origin (7:7) was found almost equally in cases with SCR (3:4) and N-SCR (4:3). In the cases with proven inversion, there was maternal and paternal origin in one case each. Twenty three out of 43 cytogenetically determined breakpoints correlated with common or rare fragile sites. In five cases, including all those with proven inverse orientation, all breakpoints corresponded to common or rare fragile sites. In at least two cases, one with an interstitial duplication (dup(19)(q11q13)) and one with a terminal duplication (dup(8) (p10p23)), concomitant deletions (del(8) (p23p23.3) and del(19)(q13q13)) were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kotzot
- Institute for Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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