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Pyo JS, Kim NY, Kang DW. Prognostic Implication of EBV Infection in Gastric Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:834. [PMID: 37241066 PMCID: PMC10221611 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: This study aims to elucidate the prognostic implications of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in gastric carcinomas (GCs) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: In total, 57 eligible studies and 22,943 patients were included in this meta-analysis. We compared the prognoses of EBV-infected and non-infected GC patients. The subgroup analysis was performed based on the study location, molecular classification, and Lauren's classification. This study was checked according to the PRISMA 2020. The meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software package. Results: EBV infection was found in 10.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.082-0.131) of GC patients. The EBV-infected GC patients had a better overall survival compared with the EBV-non-infected GC patients (hazard ratio (HR) 0.890, 95% CI 0.816-0.970). In the subgroup analysis based on molecular classification, no significant differences were found between EBV+ and microsatellite instability and microsatellite stable (MSS)/EBV- subgroups (HR 1.099, 95% CI 0.885-1.364 and HR 0.954, 95% CI 0.872-1.044, respectively). In the diffuse type of Lauren's classification, EBV-infected GCs have a better prognosis compared with the EBV-non-infected GCs (HR 0.400, 95% CI 0.300-0.534). The prognostic impact of EBV infection was found in the Asian and American subgroups but not in the European subgroup (HR 0.880, 95% CI 0.782-0.991, HR 0.840, 95% CI 0.750-0.941, and HR 0.915, 95% CI 0.814-1.028). Conclusions: EBV infection is a favorable survival factor for GCs. However, the prognostic implications of EBV infection in the new molecular classification are not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae-Yu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kang
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20 Bodeum 7-ro, Sejong-si 30099, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwa Street, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Deng W, Jin L, Zhuo H, Vasiliou V, Zhang Y. Alcohol consumption and risk of stomach cancer: A meta-analysis. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 336:109365. [PMID: 33412155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stomach cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. The relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of stomach cancer remains unclear. Epidemiology studies investigating this relationship have shown inconsistent findings. A meta-analysis was performed to explore the association between alcohol consumption and increased stomach cancer risk. Eighty-one epidemiology studies, including 68 case-control studies and 13 cohort studies, were included in this study. A significant association was found between alcohol consumption and increased risk of stomach cancer (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.12-1.27). To explore the source of the significant heterogeneity (p < 0.05, I2 = 86%), analysis was stratified by study type (case-control study and cohort study), control type (hospital-based control and population-based control), gender (male, female, and mix), race (White and Asian), region (United States, Sweden, China, Japan), subsite of stomach cancer, and type of alcohol. The stratified analyses found that region and cancer subsite are major sources of the high heterogeneity. The inconsistent results in different regions and different subsites might be related to smoking rates, Helicobacter pylori infection, obesity, and potential genetic susceptibility. The positive association between drinking and increased risk of stomach cancer is consistent in stratified analyses. The dose-response analysis showed a clear trend that a higher daily intake of alcohol is associated with a higher risk of stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Deng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lan Jin
- Section of Surgical Outcomes and Epidemiology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haoran Zhuo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Song L, Song M, Rabkin CS, Williams S, Chung Y, Van Duine J, Liao LM, Karthikeyan K, Gao W, Park JG, Tang Y, Lissowska J, Qiu J, LaBaer J, Camargo MC. Helicobacter pylori Immunoproteomic Profiles in Gastric Cancer. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:409-419. [PMID: 33108201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is the major risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). However, only some infected individuals develop this neoplasia. Previous H. pylori serology studies have been limited by investigating small numbers of candidate antigens. Therefore, we evaluated humoral responses to a nearly complete H. pylori immunoproteome (1527 proteins) among 50 GC cases and 50 controls using Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Array (NAPPA). Seropositivity was defined as median normalized intensity ≥2 on NAPPA, and 53 anti-H. pylori antibodies had >10% seroprevalence. Anti-GroEL exhibited the greatest seroprevalence (77% overall), which agreed well with ELISA using whole-cell lysates of H. pylori cells. After an initial screen by H. pylori-NAPPA, we discovered and verified that 12 antibodies by ELISA in controls had ≥15% of samples with an optical reading value exceeding the 95th percentile of the GC group. ELISA-verified antibodies were validated blindly in an independent set of 100 case-control pairs. As expected, anti-CagA seropositivity was positively associated with GC (odds ratio, OR = 5.5; p < 0.05). After validation, six anti-H. pylori antibodies showed lower seropositivity in GC, with ORs ranging from 0.44 to 0.12 (p < 0.05): anti-HP1118/Ggt, anti-HP0516/HsIU, anti-HP0243/NapA, anti-HP1293/RpoA, anti-HP0371/FabE, and anti-HP0875/KatA. Among all combinations, a model with anti-Ggt, anti-HslU, anti-NapA, and anti-CagA had an area under the curve of 0.73 for discriminating GC vs. controls. This study represents the first comprehensive assessment of anti-H. pylori humoral profiles in GC. Decreased responses to multiple proteins in GC may reflect mucosal damage and decreased bacterial burden. The higher prevalence of specific anti-H. pylori antibodies in controls may suggest immune protection against GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Song
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, United States
| | - Minkyo Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20892-2590, United States
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20892-2590, United States
| | - Stacy Williams
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, United States
| | - Yunro Chung
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, United States.,College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Jennifer Van Duine
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, United States
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20892-2590, United States
| | - Kailash Karthikeyan
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, United States
| | - Weimin Gao
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, United States
| | - Jin G Park
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, United States
| | - Yanyang Tang
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, United States
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ji Qiu
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, United States
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, United States
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20892-2590, United States
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Vahid F, Davoodi SH. Nutritional Factors Involved in the Etiology of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:376-390. [PMID: 32336147 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1756353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Since treatment options for GC are limited, the best and most effective way is to try to reduce the incidences and understanding prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE The success in prevention strategies depends on understanding etiologic mechanisms. Our goal is to identify the major nutritional risk factors for GC, and we will examine the controversial evidence. DATA SOURCES We used Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, Springer, and MEDLINE databases for extracting articles. DATA EXTRACTION Human studies published in English from 1997to2018 were included. Two reviewers other than authors initially assessed abstract of 742 papers and 248papers were selected for future assessments. After full review and consideration of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we used 85 articles. RESULTS Dietary salt is a strong independent risk for GC whereas alcohol is most likely a risk only in the presence of heavy alcohol consumption. Red meat and high-fat diet increase the risk of developing GC but fresh fruits, vegetables and certain micronutrients like selenium and vitamin C are protective. CONCLUSION Some nutrients such as selenium, vitamin C, folate, iron, and zinc are involved in the etiology of GC. On the other hand; salt, fats, alcohol, red meat, and pepper were reported to be risk factors for GC. Since the GC is a heterogeneous malignancy and multiple factors are involved in its genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang FX, Miao Y, Ruan JG, Meng SP, Dong JD, Yin H, Huang Y, Chen FR, Wang ZC, Lai YF. Association Between Nitrite and Nitrate Intake and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1788-1799. [PMID: 30850575 PMCID: PMC6420797 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown inconsistent associations of nitrite and nitrate intake with the risk of gastric cancer or its associated mortality. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the correlation of nitrite and nitrate intake with the risk of gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched for studies reporting effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gastric cancer in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through November 2018. The summary results of the included studies were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Eighteen case-control and 6 prospective cohort studies recruiting 800 321 participants were included in this study. The summary results indicated that the highest (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95%CI, 1.03-1.55; P=0.022) or moderate (OR: 1.12; 95%CI, 1.01-1.26; P=0.037) nitrite intake were associated with a higher risk of gastric cancer. However, we noted that high (OR, 0.81; 95%CI, 0.68-0.97; P=0.021) or moderate (OR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.75-0.99; P=0.036) nitrate intakes were associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer. These associations differed when stratified by publication year, study design, country, the percentage of male participants, assessment of exposure, adjusted model, and study quality. CONCLUSIONS High or moderate nitrite intake was associated with higher risk of gastric cancer, whereas high or moderate nitrate intake was correlated with lower risk of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Ji-Gang Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Shu-Ping Meng
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Da Dong
- Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen-Chuan Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China (mainland)
| | - Ya-Fang Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
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La Torre G, Chiaradia G, Gianfagna F, De Lauretis A, Boccia S, Mannocci A, Ricciardi W. Smoking Status and Gastric Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies Published in the past Ten Years. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 95:13-22. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background A meta-analysis of published studies was performed in order to clarify the risk of gastric cancer associated with cigarette smoking status. Methods Eligible studies were all the case-control studies investigating an association between smoking status and gastric cancer published from January 1, 1997, until June 30, 2006. In order to evaluate the quality of the published data, a qualitative scoring of papers was applied. The principal outcome measure was the odds ratio for the risk of gastric cancer associated with the smoking status using a random effects model. Cigarette smoking status was assessed in two ways: ever (current and ex) versus never smokers; current versus never smokers. Results We found a statistically significant result for the association between ever smoking status and gastric cancer risk (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.28–1.71), considering 14,442 cases and 73,918 controls. Moreover, we found an odds ratio of 1.69 for current smoker status in comparison to never smokers (95% CI, 1.35–2.11). Considering only high quality studies, the odds ratio increased by 43% for gastric cancer risk in ever smokers (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.24–1.66; Q = 378.60, P <0.00001; I2 = 90%) and by 57% in current smokers (OR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.24–2.01). We also considered separately Caucasians and Asian studies, finding for ever smokers an odds ratio of 1.46 (95% CI, 1.25–1.70; Q = 125.68, P <0.00001; I2 = 82.5%) and of 1.47 (95% CI, 1.13–1.91; Q = 366.77, P <0.00001; I2 = 94%), respectively. Conclusions From the results of this quantitative meta-analysis, it appears that cigarette smoking has to be considered an important risk factor. The use of qualitative scoring decreases the magnitude of the relationship both for ever and current smoker exposure by 5–12%. Future studies on this topic need to clarify the biological interaction between environmental factors (such as cigarette smoking) and different polymorphisms on gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Torre
- Institute of Hygiene, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Boccia
- Institute of Hygiene, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Mannocci
- Institute of Hygiene, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Institute of Hygiene, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Wang PL, Xiao FT, Gong BC, Liu FN. Alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99013-99023. [PMID: 29228746 PMCID: PMC5716786 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies investigated the association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk, but the results were controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to explore the association. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed to identify the relevant studies that reported the association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk up to December 31, 2016. We pooled relative risks (RRs) in random effects model and performed dose-response analysis to quantify the association. Cochran Q test and I2 analyses were used to evaluate the heterogeneity. Meta-regression, subgroup, sensitivity and publication bias analyses were also performed. RESULTS 75 studies were included in our study. The pooled RR of high vs low total alcohol drinking was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.15-1.37, P < 0.001), and a nonlinear association was further observed. Subgroup analysis showed that alcohol drinking significantly associated with the risk of gastric noncardia cancer (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01-1.40, P = 0.033), but not with the risk of gastric cardia cancer (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.98-1.39, P = 0.087). Notably, the pooled RRs of high vs low analyses were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03-1.24, P = 0.012) for beer drinking, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.06-1.40, P = 0.005) for liquor drinking, and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.84-1.16, P = 0.857) for wine drinking. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis found a nonlinear association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk, and heavy drinking level was strongly related to gastric cancer risk. Beer and liquor had significant positive associations with gastric cancer risk, while wine drinking would not increase gastric cancer risk. These results need to be verified in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Liang Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Tao Xiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Gong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fu-Nan Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Yang MD, Lin KC, Lu MC, Jeng LB, Hsiao CL, Yueh TC, Fu CK, Li HT, Yen ST, Lin CW, Wu CW, Pang SY, Bau DT, Tsai FJ. Contribution of matrix metalloproteinases-1 genotypes to gastric cancer susceptibility in Taiwan. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:10. [PMID: 28612708 PMCID: PMC5479427 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), an interstitial collagenase regulating the extracellular matrix, plays a major role in carcinogenesis of gastric cancer, a leading cause of death worldwide. In literature, the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) promoter -1607 1G/2G (rs1799750) at the MMP1 gene promoter has been reported to alter its own transcription level. While the importance’s of the genotype of MMP1 promoter -1607 has not yet been studied in gastric cancer in Taiwan, our aim was to investigate MMP1 promoter -1607 genotypes and gastric cancer (GC) susceptibility in central Taiwan population. In the current hospital-based case-control study, the contribution of MMP1 promoter -1607 genotypes to GC risk was investigated among 121 GC patients and 363 gender- and age-matched healthy controls recruited and genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology. We found that the genotypic and allelic frequencies were not differentially distributed between GC patient and control groups. The variant 1G containing genotypes have interactions with cigarrete smoking behaviors and Helicobacter pylori infection status, but not alcoholism on GC susceptibility determination. Our findings suggest that the variant 1G allele on MMP1 promoter -1607 may contribute to GC carcinogenesis and may be useful for GC early detection and prevention when combined with cigarrete smoking behaviors and Helicobacter pylori infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chun Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lun Hsiao
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Te-Cheng Yueh
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Fu
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Li
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Ting Yen
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lin
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Cin-Wun Wu
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yi Pang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Lai HTM, Koriyama C, Tokudome S, Tran HH, Tran LT, Nandakumar A, Akiba S, Le NT. Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Gastric Cancer Risk among Vietnamese Men. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165587. [PMID: 27802311 PMCID: PMC5089735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smoking with gastric cancer (GC) risk was suggested. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to examine the association of WPT with GC risk among Vietnamese men, in Hanoi city, during the period of 2003-2011. Newly-diagnosed GC cases (n = 454) and control patients (n = 628) were matched by age (+/- 5 years) and the year of hospitalization. Information on smoking and alcohol drinking habits and diet including salty food intake and fruits/vegetables consumption were obtained by the interview. Maximum likelihood estimates of odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were obtained using conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS The group with the highest consumption of citrus fruits showed a significantly low GC risk (OR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.4-0.8, P for trend = 0.002). However, there was no association of raw vegetable consumption with GC risk. Referring to never smokers, GC risk was significantly higher in current WPT smokers (OR = 1.8, 95%CI = 1.3-2.4), and it was more evident in exclusively WPT smokers (OR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.2-6.5). GC risk tended to be higher with daily frequency and longer duration of WPT smoking but these trends were not statistically significant (P for trend: 0.144 and 0.154, respectively). GC risk of those who started smoking WPT before the age of 25 was also significantly high (OR = 3.7, 95%CI = 1.2-11.3). Neither cigarette smoking nor alcohol drinking was related to GC risk. CONCLUSION The present findings revealed that WPT smoking was positively associated with GC risk in Vietnamese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Thi Minh Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Hoc Hieu Tran
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Thanh Tran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Athira Nandakumar
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Suminori Akiba
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ngoan Tran Le
- Department of Occupational Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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10
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Liu X, Liu J, Qiu H, Kong P, Chen S, Li W, Zhan Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Xu D, Sun X. Prognostic significance of Epstein-Barr virus infection in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:782. [PMID: 26498209 PMCID: PMC4619309 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic significance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Recently, a number of studies have investigated the association between EBV infection and the prognosis of GC with controversial results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to assess its prognostic significance. Methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched for studies up to October 1, 2014. We investigated the association between EBV infection with survival in patients with GC. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and its 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate risk. Results A final analysis of 8,336 patients with GC from 24 studies was performed. Our analysis results indicated that the pooled HR was 0.67 (95 % CI: 0.55–0.79; Z = 11.18, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses stratified by region revealed that the protective role of EBV infection only remained in the Asian population (HR: 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.48–0.75; P < 0.001). When stratified by study quality and statistical methodology, the protective role could also be identified in high quality studies (HR: 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.55–0.79) and in univariate analysis studies (HR: 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.50–0.74). There was no evidence of significant heterogeneity and publication bias. Conclusions The presence of EBV has a favorable impact on GC patient’s survival, especially in an Asian population. Future updated studies, especially large-scale randomized controlled studies stratified by region, are warranted as validation studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1813-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Haibo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Pengfei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shangxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Youqing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yuanfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yingbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Dazhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, China.
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11
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Sanikini H, Dik VK, Siersema PD, Bhoo-Pathy N, Uiterwaal CSPM, Peeters PHM, González CA, Zamora-Ros R, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Roswall N, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Racine A, Kühn T, Katzke V, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Lagiou P, Palli D, Grioni S, Vineis P, Tumino R, Panico S, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Braaten T, Huerta JM, Sánchez-Cantalejo E, Barricarte A, Sonestedt E, Wallstrom P, Nilsson LM, Johansson I, Bradbury KE, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Huybrechts I, Freisling H, Cross AJ, Riboli E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB. Total, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea intake and gastric cancer risk: results from the EPIC cohort study. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:E720-30. [PMID: 25236393 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prospective studies examining the association between coffee and tea consumption and gastric cancer risk have shown inconsistent results. We investigated the association between coffee (total, caffeinated and decaffeinated) and tea consumption and the risk of gastric cancer by anatomical site and histological type in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Coffee and tea consumption were assessed by dietary questionnaires at baseline. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox regression models. During 11.6 years of follow up, 683 gastric adenocarcinoma cases were identified among 477,312 participants. We found no significant association between overall gastric cancer risk and consumption of total coffee (HR 1.09, 95%-confidence intervals [CI]: 0.84-1.43; quartile 4 vs. non/quartile 1), caffeinated coffee (HR 1.14, 95%-CI: 0.82-1.59; quartile 4 vs. non/quartile 1), decaffeinated coffee (HR 1.07, 95%-CI: 0.75-1.53; tertile 3 vs. non/tertile 1) and tea (HR 0.81, 95%-CI: 0.59-1.09; quartile 4 vs. non/quartile 1). When stratified by anatomical site, we observed a significant positive association between gastric cardia cancer risk and total coffee consumption per increment of 100 mL/day (HR 1.06, 95%-CI: 1.03-1.11). Similarly, a significant positive association was observed between gastric cardia cancer risk and caffeinated coffee consumption (HR 1.98, 95%-CI: 1.16-3.36, p-trend=0.06; quartile 3 vs. non/quartile 1) and per increment of 100 mL/day (HR 1.09, 95%-CI: 1.04-1.14). In conclusion, consumption of total, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea is not associated with overall gastric cancer risk. However, total and caffeinated coffee consumption may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cardia cancer. Further prospective studies are needed to rule out chance or confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinakshi Sanikini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Team, Villejuif, Paris, France; Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, Paris, France
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12
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Maruthappu M, Painter A, Watkins J, Williams C, Ali R, Zeltner T, Faiz O, Sheth H. Unemployment, public-sector healthcare spending and stomach cancer mortality in the European Union, 1981-2009. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26:1222-7. [PMID: 25210778 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the association between changes in unemployment, healthcare spending and stomach cancer mortality. METHODS Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess how changes in unemployment and public-sector expenditure on healthcare (PSEH) varied with stomach cancer mortality in 25 member states of the European Union from 1981 to 2009. Country-specific differences in healthcare infrastructure and demographics were controlled for 1- to 5-year time-lag analyses and robustness checks were carried out. RESULTS A 1% increase in unemployment was associated with a significant increase in stomach cancer mortality in both men and women [men: coefficient (R)=0.1080, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.0470-0.1690, P=0.0006; women: R=0.0488, 95% CI=0.0168-0.0809, P=0.0029]. A 1% increase in PSEH was associated with a significant decrease in stomach cancer mortality (men: R=-0.0009, 95% CI=-0.0013 to -0.005, P<0.0001; women: R=-0.0004, 95% CI=-0.0007 to -0.0001, P=0.0054). The associations remained when economic factors, urbanization, nutrition and alcohol intake were controlled for, but not when healthcare resources were controlled for. Time-lag analysis showed that the largest changes in mortality occurred 3-4 years after any changes in either unemployment or PSEH. CONCLUSION Increases in unemployment are associated with a significant increase in stomach cancer mortality. Stomach cancer mortality is also affected by public-sector healthcare spending. Initiatives that bolster employment and maintain public-sector healthcare expenditure may help to minimize increases in stomach cancer mortality during economic downturns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahiben Maruthappu
- aChair and Chief Executive's Office, NHS England bImperial College London cInstitute for Mathematical and Molecular Biomedicine, King's College London dThe Economist, London eSchool of Medical Sciences fFaculty of History gCancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford hSt Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute iEaling Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK jFaculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA kFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE lSpecial Envoy for Financing to the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva mUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Liu X, Jiang H, Zhou Y. Local Empirical Likelihood Inference for Varying-Coefficient Density-Ratio Models Based on Case-Control Data. J Am Stat Assoc 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2013.858629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Camargo MC, Koriyama C, Matsuo K, Kim WH, Herrera-Goepfert R, Liao LM, Yu J, Carrasquilla G, Sung JJ, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Lissowska J, Meneses-Gonzalez F, Yatabe Y, Ding T, Hu N, Taylor PR, Morgan DR, Gulley ML, Torres J, Akiba S, Rabkin CS. Case-case comparison of smoking and alcohol risk associations with Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:948-53. [PMID: 23904115 PMCID: PMC3961829 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of gastric cancer. However, monoclonal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nucleic acid is also present in up to 10% of these tumors worldwide. EBV prevalence is increased with male sex, nonantral localization and surgically disrupted anatomy. To further examine associations between EBV and gastric cancer, we organized an international consortium of 11 studies with tumor EBV status assessed by in situ hybridization. We pooled individual-level data on 2,648 gastric cancer patients, including 184 (7%) with EBV-positive cancers; all studies had information on cigarette use (64% smokers) and nine had data on alcohol (57% drinkers). We compared patients with EBV-positive and EBV-negative tumors to evaluate smoking and alcohol interactions with EBV status. To account for within-population clustering, multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate interaction odds ratios (OR) adjusted for distributions of sex (72% male), age (mean 59 years), tumor histology (56% Lauren intestinal-type), anatomic subsite (61% noncardia) and year of diagnosis (1983-2012). In unadjusted analyses, the OR of EBV positivity with smoking was 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-3.2]. The OR was attenuated to 1.5 (95% CI 1.01-2.3) by adjustment for the possible confounders. There was no significant interaction of EBV status with alcohol drinking (crude OR 1.4; adjusted OR 1.0). Our data indicate the smoking association with gastric cancer is stronger for EBV-positive than EBV-negative tumors. Conversely, the null association with alcohol does not vary by EBV status. Distinct epidemiologic characteristics of EBV-positive cancer further implicate the virus as a cofactor in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Woo-Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Linda M. Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gabriel Carrasquilla
- Centro de Estudios e Investigación en Salud, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Joseph J.Y. Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero
- Servicio de Patología, UMAE Oncología, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fernando Meneses-Gonzalez
- Programa de Residencia en Epidemiología, Dirección General Adjunta de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yashushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip R. Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas R. Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret L. Gulley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Suminori Akiba
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Charles S. Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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15
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Camargo MC, Kim WH, Chiaravalli AM, Kim KM, Corvalan AH, Matsuo K, Yu J, Sung JJY, Herrera-Goepfert R, Meneses-Gonzalez F, Kijima Y, Natsugoe S, Liao LM, Lissowska J, Kim S, Hu N, Gonzalez CA, Yatabe Y, Koriyama C, Hewitt SM, Akiba S, Gulley ML, Taylor PR, Rabkin CS. Improved survival of gastric cancer with tumour Epstein-Barr virus positivity: an international pooled analysis. Gut 2014; 63:236-43. [PMID: 23580779 PMCID: PMC4384434 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE About 9% of gastric carcinomas have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the tumour cells, but it is unclear whether viral presence influences clinical progression. We therefore examined a large multicentre case series for the association of tumour EBV status with survival after gastric cancer diagnosis, accounting for surgical stage and other prognostic factors. METHODS We combined individual-level data on 4599 gastric cancer patients diagnosed between 1976 and 2010 from 13 studies in Asia (n=8), Europe (n=3), and Latin America (n=2). EBV positivity of tumours was assessed by in situ hybridisation. Mortality HRs for EBV positivity were estimated by Cox regression models stratified by study, adjusted for distributions of sex (71% male), age (mean 58 years), stage (52% tumour-node-metastasis stages III or IV), tumour histology (49% poorly differentiated, 57% Lauren intestinal-type), anatomic subsite (70% non-cardia) and year of diagnosis. Variations by study and continent were assessed using study-specific HRs for EBV positivity. RESULTS During median 3.0 years follow-up, 49% of patients died. Stage was strongly predictive of mortality, with unadjusted HRs (vs stage I) of 3.1 for stage II, 8.1 for stage III and 13.2 for stage IV. Tumour EBV positivity was 8.2% overall and inversely associated with stage (adjusted OR: 0.79 per unit change). Adjusted for stage and other confounders, EBV positivity was associated with lower mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.86), with low heterogeneity among the study populations (p=0.2). The association did not significantly vary across patient or tumour characteristics. There was no significant variation among the three continent-specific HRs (p=0.4). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that tumour EBV positivity is an additional prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. Further studies are warranted to identify the mechanisms underlying this protective association.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Woo-Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alejandro H Corvalan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Fernando Meneses-Gonzalez
- Programa de Residencia en Epidemiología, Dirección General Adjunta de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, México City, México
| | - Yuko Kijima
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sung Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlos A Gonzalez
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain; on behalf of the Euro-gast EPIC study
| | - Yashushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Tissue Array Research Program and Applied Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suminori Akiba
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Margaret L Gulley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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16
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Navarro Silvera SA, Mayne ST, Gammon MD, Vaughan TL, Chow WH, Dubin JA, Dubrow R, Stanford JL, West AB, Rotterdam H, Blot WJ, Risch HA. Diet and lifestyle factors and risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancers: classification tree analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24:50-7. [PMID: 24239095 PMCID: PMC4006990 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus (EA), gastric cardia (GC), and other (noncardia) gastric (OG) sites have been identified, little is known about interactions among risk factors. We sought to examine interactions of diet, other lifestyle, and medical factors with risks of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancers. METHODS We used classification tree analysis to analyze data from a population-based case-control study (1095 cases, 687 controls) conducted in Connecticut, New Jersey, and western Washington State. RESULTS Frequency of reported gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms was the most important risk stratification factor for EA, GC, and OG, with dietary factors (EA, OG), smoking (EA, GC), wine intake (GC, OG), age (OG), and income (OG) appearing to modify the risk of these cancer sites. For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, smoking was the most important risk stratification factor, with gastroesophageal reflux disease, income, race, noncitrus fruit, and energy intakes further modifying risk. CONCLUSION Various combinations of risk factors appear to interact to affect risk of each cancer subtype. Replication of these data mining analyses are required before suggesting causal pathways; however, the classification tree results are useful in partitioning risk and mapping multilevel interactions among risk variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan T Mayne
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98109 WA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Joel A Dubin
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Dubrow
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA
| | - A Brian West
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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17
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Time characteristics of the effect of alcohol cessation on the risk of stomach cancer--a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:600. [PMID: 23786883 PMCID: PMC3695890 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Bagnardi et al. (2001) meta-analysis, it was found that alcohol consumption increases the risk of stomach cancer (OR = 1.32 for heavy drinkers). However, it is unknown if drinking cessation reverses this alcohol-elevated risk. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed to provide the information for a meta-analysis where the dose-risk trend was estimated for years since drinking cessation and the risk of stomach cancer. A random effect generalised least squares model for trend estimation was used, employing study characteristics to control for heterogeneity. RESULTS Nineteen observational studies were identified in the literature review, of which five studies quantified duration of cessation and risk of stomach cancer, giving a total of 1947 cancer cases. No significant effect of drinking cessation on the risk of stomach cancer could be found (OR = 0.99 CI: 0.97-1.02). CONCLUSIONS This result should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies in this area. Recent findings suggest a link between heavy drinking and stomach cancer, especially gastric noncardia, but not for moderate drinking. Since all but one of the included studies in this meta-analysis failed to control for consumption level, the current study could not test if the risk decline following drinking cessation differs between moderate and high consumers.
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18
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Palmer AJ, Lochhead P, Hold GL, Rabkin CS, Chow WH, Lissowska J, Vaughan TL, Berry S, Gammon M, Risch H, El-Omar EM. Genetic variation in C20orf54, PLCE1 and MUC1 and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in Caucasian populations. Eur J Cancer Prev 2012; 21:541-4. [PMID: 22805490 PMCID: PMC3460062 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e3283529b79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two large genome-wide association studies, conducted in Chinese populations, have reported associations between upper gastrointestinal cancer and the rs2274223, rs13042395 and rs4072037 polymorphisms in PLCE1, C20orf54 and MUC1, respectively. We aimed to determine whether similar associations existed for Caucasian populations. We genotyped two population-based, case-control studies of upper gastrointestinal cancer; the first study included 290 gastric cancer (GC) cases and 376 controls and the second study included 306 GC cases, 107 oesophageal adenocarcinoma cancer cases, 52 oesphageal squamous cell cancer cases and 211 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed from logistic models and adjusted for confounding variables. The rs4072037 polymorphism in MUC1 was associated with a reduced risk of GC of intestinal histological type (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.9) and a reduced risk of oesophageal squamous cell cancer (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.2-1.0), but not oesphageal adenocarcinoma. Similarly, rs2274223 in PLCE1 was associated with a reduced risk of oesophageal squamous cell cancer (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-1.0), but not oesphageal adenocarcinoma. We observed no association between rs13042395 in Corf54 and the risk of gastric or oesphageal cancer in either of the two studies. Our findings for rs4072037 and the risk of GC are in agreement with one previous report for a Caucasian population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between rs2274223 and rs4072037 and the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Palmer
- GI Reseach Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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Everatt R, Tamosiunas A, Kuzmickiene I, Virviciute D, Radisauskas R, Reklaitiene R, Milinaviciene E. Alcohol consumption and risk of gastric cancer: a cohort study of men in Kaunas, Lithuania, with up to 30 years follow-up. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:475. [PMID: 23066954 PMCID: PMC3527179 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer in the world. Epidemiological findings on alcohol use in relation to gastric cancer remain controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of gastric cancer. METHODS The association between alcohol intake and the risk of gastric cancer was examined in a population-based cohort of 7,150 men in Kaunas, Lithuania, who were enrolled during 1972-1974 or 1976-1980. After up to 30 years of follow-up, 185 gastric cancer cases were identified. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The attained age was used as a time-scale. RESULTS After adjustment for smoking, education level and body mass index, the HR of gastric cancer was 2.00 (95% CI: 1.04-3.82) for the highest alcohol consumption frequency (2-7 times per week) compared with occasional drinking (a few times per year) and 1.90 (95% CI: 1.13-3.18) for ≥ 100.0 g ethanol/week versus 0.1-9.9 g ethanol/week. A stronger effect of alcohol consumption on gastric cancer risk was observed during the second half of the study (1993-2008). In the analysis of gastric cancer risk by alcoholic beverage type, all beverages were included simultaneously in the model. The multivariate HR for men who consumed ≥ 0.5 litre of wine per occasion (compared with those who consumed <0.5 litre) was 2.95 (95% CI: 1.30-6.68). Higher consumption of beer or vodka was not statistically significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. After adjustment for smoking, education level, body mass index and ethanol, we found no excess risk of gastric cancer in association with total acetaldehyde intake. CONCLUSIONS This study supports a link between alcohol consumption (primarily from ethanol) and the development of gastric cancer in the Lithuanian population. Although an association with heavy wine consumption was observed, the effect of exposure to acetaldehyde on the development of gastric cancer in this cohort was not confirmed. Further research is needed to provide a more detailed evaluation of alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Everatt
- Group of Epidemiology, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Baublio 3B, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 17, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irena Kuzmickiene
- Group of Epidemiology, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Baublio 3B, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Virviciute
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 17, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ricardas Radisauskas
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 17, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Regina Reklaitiene
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 17, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Egle Milinaviciene
- Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 17, LT-50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Tramacere I, Negri E, Pelucchi C, Bagnardi V, Rota M, Scotti L, Islami F, Corrao G, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. A meta-analysis on alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:28-36. [PMID: 21536659 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether an association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk exists is an open question. In order to provide a definite quantification of the association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of available data. PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out a PubMed search of articles published up to June 2010 and identified 44 case-control and 15 cohort studies, including a total of 34 557 gastric cancer cases. We derived meta-analytic estimates using random-effects models, taking into account correlation between estimates. We carried out a dose-risk analysis using nonlinear random-effects meta-regression models. RESULTS Compared with nondrinkers, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.13] for alcohol drinkers and 1.20 (95% CI 1.01-1.44) for heavy alcohol drinkers (≥4 drinks per day). The pooled estimates were apparently higher for gastric noncardia (RR for heavy drinkers=1.17, 95% CI 0.78-1.75) than for gastric cardia (RR=0.99, 95% CI 0.67-1.47) adenocarcinoma. The dose-risk model estimated a RR of 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.99) for 10 g/day and 1.14 (95% CI 1.08-1.21) for 50 g/day. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides definite evidence of a lack of association between moderate alcohol drinking and gastric cancer risk. There was, however, a positive association with heavy alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tramacere
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan
| | - E Negri
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan
| | - C Pelucchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan.
| | - V Bagnardi
- Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan
| | - M Rota
- Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan; Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - L Scotti
- Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan
| | - F Islami
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Corrao
- Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan; Section of Medical Statistics, Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Boffetta
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Yuan JM, Sun C, Butler LM. Tea and cancer prevention: epidemiological studies. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:123-35. [PMID: 21419224 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have consistently shown the inhibitory activities of tea extracts on tumorigenesis in multiple model systems. Epidemiological studies, however, have produced inconclusive results in humans. A comprehensive review was conducted to assess the current knowledge on tea consumption and risk of cancers in humans. In general, consumption of black tea was not associated with lower risk of cancer. High intake of green tea was consistently associated with reduced risk of upper gastrointestinal tract cancers after sufficient control for confounders. Limited data support a protective effect of green tea on lung and hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Although observational studies do not support a beneficial role of tea intake on prostate cancer risk, phase II clinical trials have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of green tea extract against the progression of prostate pre-malignant lesions. Green tea may exert beneficial effects against mammary carcinogenesis in premenopausal women and recurrence of breast cancer. There is no sufficient evidence that supports a protective role of tea intake on the development of cancers of the colorectum, pancreas, urinary tract, glioma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Future prospective observational studies with biomarkers of exposure and phase III clinical trials are required to provide definitive evidence for the hypothesized beneficial effect of tea consumption on cancer formation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Yuan
- The Masonic Cancer Center, and Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, 554 MCRB, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Navarro Silvera SA, Mayne ST, Risch HA, Gammon MD, Vaughan T, Chow WH, Dubin JA, Dubrow R, Schoenberg J, Stanford JL, West AB, Rotterdam H, Blot WJ. Principal component analysis of dietary and lifestyle patterns in relation to risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer. Ann Epidemiol 2011; 21:543-50. [PMID: 21435900 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To carry out pattern analyses of dietary and lifestyle factors in relation to risk of esophageal and gastric cancers. METHODS We evaluated risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), and other gastric cancers (OGA) using data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Connecticut, New Jersey, and western Washington state. Dietary/lifestyle patterns were created using principal component analysis (PCA). Impact of the resultant scores on cancer risk was estimated through logistic regression. RESULTS PCA identified six patterns: meat/nitrite, fruit/vegetable, smoking/alcohol, legume/meat alternate, GERD/BMI, and fish/vitamin C. Risk of each cancer under study increased with rising meat/nitrite score. Risk of EA increased with increasing GERD/BMI score, and risk of ESCC rose with increasing smoking/alcohol score and decreasing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)/body mass index (BMI) score. Fruit/vegetable scores were inversely associated with EA, ESCC, and GCA. CONCLUSIONS PCA may provide a useful approach for summarizing extensive dietary/lifestyle data into fewer interpretable combinations that discriminate between cancer cases and controls. The analyses suggest that meat/nitrite intake is associated with elevated risk of each cancer under study, whereas fruit/vegetable intake reduces risk of EA, ESCC, and GCA. GERD/obesity were confirmed as risk factors for EA and smoking/alcohol as risk factors for ESCC.
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Possible association between a genetic polymorphism at 8q24 and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2011; 20:54-7. [PMID: 21102338 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e328341e320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, genome-wide association studies have contributed to our understanding of genetic susceptibility to sporadic cancer. In this study, we assessed the association between upper gastrointestinal cancer risk and four genome-wide association studies-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), implicated earlier in prostate and colorectal cancer susceptibility. Genotyping for each SNP was performed in two independent Caucasian population-based case-control studies. The first study comprised 290 gastric cancer cases and 374 controls. The second study included 185 noncardia gastric cancers, 123 cardia cancers, 158 oesophageal cancers and 209 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) were computed from logistic models and adjusted for potential confounding variables. An inverse association was observed between the SNP rs1447295, located at 8q24, and gastric cancer risk in the first study population (OR=0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.41-0.97). A positive association was observed for the same SNP and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the second study population (OR=7.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.37-49.98). No significant associations were detected in either study for the three remaining SNPs (rs6983297, rs10505477 and rs719725). Our data represent novel findings on heritable susceptibility to gastric and oesophageal cancer and warrant validation in additional populations.
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Gawron AJ, Fought AJ, Lissowska J, Ye W, Zhang X, Chow WH, Freeman LEB, Hou L. Polymorphisms in chemokine and receptor genes and gastric cancer risk and survival in a high risk Polish population. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:333-40. [PMID: 21091093 PMCID: PMC3035749 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2010.537679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine if genetic variations in chemokine receptor and ligand genes are associated with gastric cancer risk and survival. METHODS The study included 298 cases and 417 controls from a population-based study of gastric cancer conducted in Warsaw, Poland in 1994-1996. We investigated seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in a chemokine ligand (CXCL12) and chemokine receptor (CCR2, CCR5, CX3CR1) genes and one frameshift deletion (CCR5) in blood leukocyte DNA in relation to gastric cancer risk and survival. Genotyping was conducted at the NCI Core Genotyping Facility. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Gastric cancer risk was not associated with single chemokine polymorphisms. A CCR5 haplotype that contained the common alleles of IVS1+151 G>T (rs2734648), IVS2+80 C>T (rs1800024) and minor allele of IVS1+246 A>G (rs1799987) was associated with a borderline significantly increased risk (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0?2.2). For gastric cancer cases, there was a greater risk of death for carriers of the minor alleles of CCR2 Ex2+241 G>A (rs1799864) (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.1) and CCR5 IVS2+80 C>T (rs1800024) (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.1). Carriers of the CCR5 minor allele of IVS1+151 G>T (rs2734648) had a decreased risk of death compared to homozygote carriers of the common allele (HR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6-1.0). CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support an association between gastric cancer risk and single chemokine genetic variation. The observed associations between cancer risk and a CCR5 haplotype and between survival and polymorphisms in CCR2 and CCR5 need replication in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Gawron
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela J. Fought
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lochhead P, Frank B, Hold GL, Rabkin CS, Ng MTH, Vaughan TL, Risch HA, Gammon MD, Lissowska J, Weck MN, Raum E, Müller H, Illig T, Klopp N, Dawson A, McColl KE, Brenner H, Chow WH, El-Omar EM. Genetic variation in the prostate stem cell antigen gene and upper gastrointestinal cancer in white individuals. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:435-41. [PMID: 21070776 PMCID: PMC3031760 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS An association between gastric cancer and the rs2294008 (C>T) polymorphism in the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene has been reported for several Asian populations. We set out to determine whether such an association exists in white individuals. METHODS We genotyped 166 relatives of gastric cancer patients, including 43 Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects with hypochlorhydria and gastric atrophy, 65 infected subjects without these abnormalities, 58 H pylori-negative relatives, and 100 population controls. Additionally, a population-based study of chronic atrophic gastritis provided 533 cases and 1054 controls. We then genotyped 2 population-based, case-control studies of upper gastrointestinal cancer: the first included 312 gastric cancer cases and 383 controls; the second included 309 gastric cancer cases, 159 esophageal cancer cases, and 211 controls. Odds ratios were computed from logistic models and adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS Carriage of the risk allele (T) of rs2294008 in PSCA was associated with chronic atrophic gastritis (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.9) and noncardia gastric cancer (OR, 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.8). The association was strongest for the diffuse histologic type (OR, 3.2; 95% CI: 1.2-10.7). An inverse association was observed between carriage of the risk allele and gastric cardia cancer (OR, 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9), esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9), and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR, 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9). CONCLUSIONS The rs2294008 polymorphism in PSCA increases the risk of noncardia gastric cancer and its precursors in white individuals but protects against proximal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lochhead
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Bernd Frank
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgina L. Hold
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Charles S. Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael T. H. Ng
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marilie D. Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Melanie N. Weck
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Raum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Institute of Epidemiology, Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norman Klopp
- Institute of Epidemiology, Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alan Dawson
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Kenneth E. McColl
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emad M. El-Omar
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland
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Hou L, Wang H, Sartori S, Gawron A, Lissowska J, Bollati V, Tarantini L, Zhang FF, Zatonski W, Chow WH, Baccarelli A. Blood leukocyte DNA hypomethylation and gastric cancer risk in a high-risk Polish population. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:1866-74. [PMID: 20099281 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Global hypomethylation has been shown to increase genome instability potentially leading to increased cancer risk. We determined whether global methylation in blood leukocyte DNA was associated with gastric cancer in a population-based study on 302 gastric cancer cases and 421 age- and sex-matched controls in Warsaw, Poland, between 1994 and 1996. Using PCR-pyrosequencing, we analyzed methylation levels of Alu and LINE-1, 2 CG-rich repetitive elements, to measure global methylation levels. Gastric cancer risk was highest among those with lowest level of methylation in either Alu (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9-1.9) or LINE-1 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.9-2.0) relative to those with the highest levels, although the trends were not statistically significant. For Alu, the association was stronger among those aged 70 or older (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3-5.5, p for interaction = 0.02). We did not observe meaningful differences in the associations by other risk factors and polymorphisms examined. For LINE-1, the association tended to be stronger among individuals with a family history of cancer (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4-7.0, p for interaction = 0.01), current alcohol drinkers (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0-3.6, p for interaction = 0.05), current smokers (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1-4.6, p for interaction = 0.02), those who rarely or never consumed fruit (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.2-8.1, p for interaction = 0.03), CC carriers for the MTRR Ex5+123C>T polymorphism (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2-4.4, p for interaction = 0.01) and TT carriers for the MTRR Ex15+572T>C polymorphism (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-2.8, p for interaction = 0.06). The association was not different by sex, Helicobacter pylori infection, intake of folate, vitamin B6 and total protein and the remaining polymorphisms examined. Our results indicate that interactions between blood leukocyte DNA hypomethylation and host characteristics may determine gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Zhu ZZ, Hou L, Bollati V, Tarantini L, Marinelli B, Cantone L, Yang AS, Vokonas P, Lissowska J, Fustinoni S, Pesatori AC, Bonzini M, Apostoli P, Costa G, Bertazzi PA, Chow WH, Schwartz J, Baccarelli A. Predictors of global methylation levels in blood DNA of healthy subjects: a combined analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2010; 41:126-39. [PMID: 20846947 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of global DNA methylation from repetitive DNA elements, such as Alu and LINE-1, have been increasingly used in epidemiological investigations because of their relative low-cost, high-throughput and quantitative results. Nevertheless, determinants of these methylation measures in healthy individuals are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether age, gender, smoking habits, alcohol drinking and body mass index (BMI) are associated with Alu or LINE-1 methylation levels in blood leucocyte DNA of healthy individuals. METHODS Individual data from five studies including a total of 1465 healthy subjects were combined. DNA methylation was quantified by PCR-pyrosequencing. RESULTS Age [β = -0.011% of 5-methyl-cytosine (%5 mC)/year, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.020 to -0.001%5 mC/year] and alcohol drinking (β = -0.214, 95% CI -0.415 to -0.013) were inversely associated with Alu methylation. Compared with females, males had lower Alu methylation (β = -0.385, 95% CI -0.665 to -0.104) and higher LINE-1 methylation (β = 0.796, 95% CI 0.261 to 1.330). No associations were found with smoking or BMI. Percent neutrophils and lymphocytes in blood counts exhibited a positive (β = 0.036, 95% CI 0.010 to 0.061) and negative (β = -0.038, 95% CI -0.065 to -0.012) association with LINE-1 methylation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Global methylation measures in blood DNA vary in relation with certain host and lifestyle characteristics, including age, gender, alcohol drinking and white blood cell counts. These findings need to be considered in designing epidemiological investigations aimed at identifying associations between DNA methylation and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zheng Zhu
- Center of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Università degli Studi di Milano and IRCCS Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Mangiagalli and Regina Elena Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Moy KA, Fan Y, Wang R, Gao YT, Yu MC, Yuan JM. Alcohol and tobacco use in relation to gastric cancer: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2287-97. [PMID: 20699372 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic findings of tobacco and alcohol use in relation to gastric cancer are inconsistent. Well-designed prospective studies examining their relationship are sparse. METHODS The association between cigarette smoking/alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk was examined in a population-based prospective cohort of 18,244 middle-aged and older men in Shanghai, China, who were enrolled in the study during 1986-1989. After up to 20 years of follow-up, 391 incident gastric cancer cases were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Ever smokers experienced a statistically significant increased risk of gastric cancer (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.27-1.99) compared with nonsmokers after adjustment for alcohol intake and other confounders. Among nondrinkers, smokers experienced 80% increased risk of gastric cancer (HR, 1.81; 95% CI,1.36, 2.41). Conversely, heavy drinkers experienced a statistically significant increase in risk of gastric cancer (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05-2.04) among all subjects and a statistically nonsignificant 80% increased risk among never smokers. Further adjustment for Helicobacter pylori serology, serum levels of beta-carotene and vitamin C, and urinary level of total isothiocyanates in combination with glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 genotypes did not materially change the associations between smoking/alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption may exert independent effects on the development of gastric cancer in this high-risk population. IMPACT Modification of these lifestyle choices may reduce the incidence of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Moy
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Hou L, Savage SA, Blaser MJ, Perez-Perez G, Hoxha M, Dioni L, Pegoraro V, Dong LM, Zatonski W, Lissowska J, Chow WH, Baccarelli A. Telomere length in peripheral leukocyte DNA and gastric cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:3103-9. [PMID: 19861514 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length reflects lifetime cumulative oxidative stress from environmental exposures, such as cigarette smoking and chronic inflammation. Shortened telomere length is thought to cause genomic instability and has been associated with several cancers. We examined the association of telomere length in peripheral leukocyte DNA with gastric cancer risk as well as potential confounding factors and risk modifiers for telomere length-related risk. In a population-based study of gastric cancer conducted in a high-risk population in Warsaw, Poland, between 1994 and 1996, we measured relative telomere length in 300 cases and 416 age- and gender-matched controls using quantitative real-time PCR. Among controls, telomeres were significantly shorter in association with aging (P < 0.001), increasing pack-years of cigarette smoking (P = 0.02), decreasing fruit intake (P = 0.04), and Helicobacter pylori positivity (P = 0.03). Gastric cancer cases had significantly shorter telomere length (mean +/- SD relative telomere length, 1.25 +/- 0.34) than controls (1.34 +/- 0.35; P = 0.0008). Gastric cancer risk doubled [odds ratio (OR), 2.04; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.33-3.13] among subjects in the shortest compared with the highest quartile of telomere length (P(trend) < 0.001). Telomere length-associated risks were higher among individuals with the lowest risk profile, those H. pylori-negative (OR, 5.45; 95% CI, 2.10-14.1), nonsmokers (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.71-5.51), and individuals with high intake of fruits (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.46-4.05) or vegetables (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.51-3.81). Our results suggest that telomere length in peripheral leukocyte DNA was associated with H. pylori positivity, cigarette smoking, and dietary fruit intake. Shortened telomeres increased gastric cancer risk in this high-risk Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, and The Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Pourfarzi F, Whelan A, Kaldor J, Malekzadeh R. The role of diet and other environmental factors in the causation of gastric cancer in Iran--a population based study. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1953-60. [PMID: 19569234 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a declining trend in the incidence of gastric cancer (GC), it is still a major global public health concern of the 21st century. The rates of GC reported from Ardabil Province, Iran, are among the highest in the world. To investigate risk factors for GC in Ardabil, we undertook a population-based case-control study. The study aimed to recruit all Ardabil residents newly diagnosed with GC in the time period of 2004-2005, and 2 controls per case. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Ten milliliters of blood was collected for blood grouping and investigating the presence of IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori. During the study period, 217 people with GC and 394 controls were recruited. In multivariate analysis, diet and Helicobacter pylori infection (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.35-4.32) were found to be the factors that were most strongly related to GC. High intake of Allium vegetables (OR = 0.35) and fruit, especially citrus fruit (OR = 0.31) and consumption of fresh fish (OR = 0.37) were significantly protective. On the other hand, consumption of red meat (OR = 3.40) and dairy products (OR = 2.28) were positively associated with the risk of GC. People who had a preference for higher salt intake (OR = 3.10) and drinking strong and hot tea (OR = 2.64 and 2.85, respectively) were at higher risk. In conclusion, Helicobacter pylori infection as measured by serum IgG as well as the consumption of red meat and dairy products increases the risk of GC in Ardabil, while the intake of fresh fruit and fresh fish decrease the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Pourfarzi
- Division of Community Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran.
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Zheng Z, Jia Y, Hou L, Persson C, Yeager M, Lissowska J, Chanock SJ, Blaser M, Chow WH, Ye W. Genetic variation in a4GnT in relation to Helicobacter pylori serology and gastric cancer risk. Helicobacter 2009; 14:120-5. [PMID: 19751437 PMCID: PMC3008782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori, a known risk factor of gastric cancer, rarely colonize the deeper portion of normal gastric glands, where the mucus is rich in alpha-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine capped O-glycans, that strongly inhibit H. pylori growth in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the association between genetic variation in the O-glycan transferase encoding gene (a4GnT) and H. pylori infection and gastric cancer risk using a Polish population-based case-control study (273 gastric cancer patients and 377 controls). RESULTS A haplotype at the rs2622694-rs397266 locus was associated with H. pylori infection, with the A-A haplotype associated with a higher risk compared with the most frequent G-G haplotype (odds ratio 2.30; 95% confidence interval 1.35-3.92). The association remained significant after correction for multiple tests (global p value: nominal 0.002, empirical 0.045). Neither this haplotype nor the tagSNPs were associated with overall gastric cancer risk. CONCLUSION a4GnT genetic variation may be relevant to H. pylori infection, but not to gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongli Zheng
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Basic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Lifang Hou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christina Persson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Core Genotyping Facility, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Core Genotyping Facility, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Martin Blaser
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Correspondence to: Weimin Ye Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Box 281 SE-17177 Stockholm Sweden
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CD14-159C/T and TLR9-1237T/C polymorphisms are not associated with gastric cancer risk in Caucasian populations. Eur J Cancer Prev 2009; 18:117-9. [PMID: 19337058 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e3283101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host genetic factors play an important role in modifying the risk of human disease, including cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, with increasing interest in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and the impact of genetic polymorphisms in these systems. The CD14-159C/T and the TLR9-1237T/C promoter polymorphisms have previously been shown to be associated with various inflammatory conditions including Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in Caucasian populations. In this study, we assessed the association of these two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms with gastric cancer in two independent Caucasian population-based case-control studies of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer, initially in 312 noncardia gastric carcinoma cases and 419 controls and then in 184 noncardia gastric carcinomas, 123 cardia carcinomas, 159 esophageal cancers, and 211 frequency-matched controls. Odds ratios were computed from logistic models and adjusted for potential confounding factors. No significant association was found between the CD14-159C/T and the TLR9-1237T/C promoter polymorphisms and increased risk of gastric cancer. Neither single nucleotide polymorphism has been assessed in a Caucasian gastric cancer case-control study before; although the CD14-159C/T polymorphism has been reported to show no apparent association with H. pylori-related gastric malignancy in a Taiwanese Chinese population. In conclusion, although our earlier preliminary studies suggested that the CD14-159C/T and the TLR9-1237T/C promoter polymorphisms increase the risk of precancerous outcomes, they do not seem to increase the risk of gastric cancer itself. This discrepancy merits further examination.
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Gallus S, Tramacere I, Tavani A, Bosetti C, Bertuccio P, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Coffee, black tea and risk of gastric cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20:1303-8. [PMID: 19430969 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide information about the association of coffee, black tea with gastric cancer risk. METHODS Between 1985 and 2007, we conducted two case-control studies in northern Italy. Overall, cases were 999 subjects with incident, histologically confirmed gastric cancer and controls were 2,628 patients admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute non-neoplastic diseases. Odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for coffee (mostly espresso and mocha) and black tea consumption were estimated after allowance for socio-demographic data, smoking, and other major covariates of interest. RESULTS When compared with non-coffee drinkers, the OR was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.73-1.22) for drinkers of one cup of coffee per day, 1.03 (95% CI: 0.80-1.32) for two, 1.07 (95% CI: 0.82-1.40) for three, and 1.24 (95% CI: 0.94-1.65) for four or more cups per day. No association was found with reference to duration of coffee consumption, or consumption of decaffeinated coffee. When compared with non-black-tea drinkers, the OR was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.56-1.42) for drinkers of two or more cups of black tea per day. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation, based on a uniquely large dataset, provides convincing evidence that coffee and black tea consumption is unlikely to be strongly associated with gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Gallus
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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Duan L, Wu AH, Sullivan-Halley J, Bernstein L. Passive smoking and risk of oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:1483-5. [PMID: 19352383 PMCID: PMC2694436 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association between passive smoking and the risk of oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas. In a population-based case-control study with 2474 participants in Los Angeles County, there was no evidence that passive smoking had any appreciable effect on oesophageal or gastric adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Duan
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - A H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
| | - J Sullivan-Halley
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - L Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
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Genetic variation in sodium-dependent ascorbic acid transporters and risk of gastric cancer in Poland. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:1824-30. [PMID: 19243932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Higher ascorbic acid consumption is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer in numerous epidemiologic studies. We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC23A1 and SLC23A2--genes that encode key ascorbic acid transport proteins--affect gastric cancer risk in 279 incident cases and 414 age- and gender-matched controls drawn from a population-based case-control study in Poland. Compared to subjects who were homozygous for the common G allele of the SLC23A2 SNP rs12479919, carriers of the AA genotype had a 41% lower risk of gastric cancer [odds ratio (OR)=0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36-0.95; P trend=0.06]. A haplotype that contained the common allele of the rs6139591, rs2681116 and rs14147458 SNPs in SLC23A2 was also significantly inversely associated with gastric malignancy. No other polymorphisms in either gene were related to risk, and there was no effect modification by ascorbic acid intake. These findings suggest that genetic variation in SLC23A2 impacts gastric cancer risk, although confirmation in other studies is required.
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Shikata K, Doi Y, Yonemoto K, Arima H, Ninomiya T, Kubo M, Tanizaki Y, Matsumoto T, Iida M, Kiyohara Y. Population-based prospective study of the combined influence of cigarette smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric cancer incidence: the Hisayama Study. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168:1409-15. [PMID: 18945691 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors assessed the separate and joint influences of cigarette smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection on the development of gastric cancer in a population-based prospective study. A total of 1,071 Japanese men aged > or =40 years were followed up prospectively for 14 years (1998-2002). Compared with that for current nonsmokers, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of gastric cancer for smokers of 1-9, 10-19, and > or =20 cigarettes per day were 1.36 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 3.71), 1.93 (95% CI: 1.01, 3.67), and 1.88 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.43), respectively. The risk of gastric cancer increased steeply for subjects who had both a smoking habit and H. pylori infection compared with those who did not have both risk factors (hazard ratio = 11.41, 95% CI: 1.54, 84.67). If causal, the estimated population attributable fraction of gastric cancer for cigarette smoking was approximately half that for H. pylori infection (28.4% vs. 56.2%). The overlap of the population attributable fractions for the 2 factors was 49.6%. Findings suggest that cigarette smoking and H. pylori infection are significant risk factors for gastric cancer in Japanese men, and the magnitude of their combined influence is considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shikata
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Freedman ND, Ahn J, Hou L, Lissowska J, Zatonski W, Yeager M, Chanock SJ, Chow WH, Abnet CC. Polymorphisms in estrogen- and androgen-metabolizing genes and the risk of gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2008; 30:71-7. [PMID: 19015200 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens and estrogens may play a role in gastric cancer etiology. To investigate the association of gastric cancer with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six genes (COMT, CYP1B1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, HSD17B1 and SHBG) involved in estrogen and androgen synthesis and metabolism, 58 haplotype-tagging SNPs were genotyped in 295 gastric cancer cases and 415 controls from a population-based study in Poland. We assessed differences in haplotype frequency between cases and controls using a global score test and calculated multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for individual haplotypes using logistic regression. We found associations in one linkage disequilibrium (LD) block containing the 3' untranslated region of COMT (rs9332377, rs165728, rs165849 and rs1110478), global score test (df = 4, P = 0.033). Relative to the most frequent GATA haplotype, the GATG haplotype was associated with statistically significant increased gastric cancer risk (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.06-2.12; false discovery rate (FDR) value = 0.459) and the AACA haplotype with borderline increased risk (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.00-1.85; FDR = 0.50). We also found associations for the LD block containing part of the SHBG coding region (rs6258, rs6259, rs2955617, rs1641544 and rs1641537). The CACCC haplotype was associated with statistically significant lower gastric cancer risk relative to the referent CGACC haplotype (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.34-0.90; FDR = 0.459), but the overall score test was statistically non-significant. No other statistically significant associations were observed. In summary, we found possible associations between gastric cancer and polymorphisms in COMT, involved in estrogen inactivation, and SHBG, a modulator of hormone bioavailability. These findings should be interpreted cautiously until replicated in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Mahajan R, El-Omar EM, Lissowska J, Grillo P, Rabkin CS, Baccarelli A, Yeager M, Sobin LH, Zatonski W, Channock SJ, Chow WH, Hou L. Genetic variants in T helper cell type 1, 2 and 3 pathways and gastric cancer risk in a Polish population. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008; 38:626-33. [PMID: 18687755 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyn075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Host immune responses are known determinants of gastric cancer susceptibility. We previously reported an increased gastric cancer risk associated with common variants of several T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine genes in a population-based case-control study in Warsaw, Poland. In the present study, we augmented our investigation to include additional Th1 genes as well as key genes in the Th2 and Th3 pathways. Analysis of 378 cases and 435 age- and sex-matched controls revealed associations for polymorphisms in the Th1 IL7R gene and one polymorphism in the Th2 IL5 gene. The odd ratios (ORs) for IL7R rs1494555 were 1.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-1.9] for A/G and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.0-2.4) for G/G carriers relative to A/A carriers (P = 0.04). The ORs for IL5 rs2069812 were 0.9 (95% CI, 0.7-1.3) for C/T and 0.6 (95% CI, 0.3-1.0) T/T carriers compared with C/C carriers (P = 0.03). These results suggest that IL5 rs2069812 and IL7R rs1389832, rs1494556 and rs1494555 polymorphisms may contribute to gastric cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Mahajan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Zhang FF, Hou L, Terry MB, Lissowska J, Morabia A, Chen J, Yeager M, Zatonski W, Chanock S, Chow WH. Genetic polymorphisms in alcohol metabolism, alcohol intake and the risk of stomach cancer in Warsaw, Poland. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2060-2064. [PMID: 17631643 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations increasing blood levels of acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of alcohol, refrain their carriers from drinking alcohol but may also put them at increased risk of cancer because of the mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of acetaldehyde. In a population-based study of 305 cases and 428 controls in Warsaw, Poland, we evaluated the effect of polymorphisms in alcohol metabolizing genes, including ADH1B (Ex9+5C>T, Ex3+23A>G, Ex3+58A>T and Ex9+77A>G), ADH1C (Ex8-56A>G and Ex6-14G>A) and ALDH2 (Ex1+82A>G), on levels of alcohol drinking and susceptibility of stomach cancer. We found that among control subjects frequency of alcohol drinking varied by alcohol metabolizing genotype. In particular, the weekly consumption of individuals carrying the AA, GA and GG genotypes of ALDH2 Ex1+82A>G polymorphism were 3.75, 2.26 and 1.53 drinks, respectively (p=0.04). However, none of the assessed polymorphisms in these 3 genes had a measurable effect on stomach cancer risk. When stratified by ALDH2 Ex1+82A>G polymorphism, alcohol-related increases in stomach cancer risk were restricted to individuals with the AG/GG genotypes, with a more than 2-fold risk among daily drinkers (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.00-6.88) and 3-fold risk (OR=3.66, 95% CI=1.19-11.24) among those with 40 or more drink-years. In summary, our results suggested that the ALDH2 Ex1+82 G allele may be functionally deficient in eliminating acetaldehyde and discourage alcohol drinking. Furthermore, heavy drinkers of alcohol who were genetically prone to accumulate acetaldehyde may face an increased risk of stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M. Sklosowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alfredo Morabia
- Center for the Biology of Natural Systems, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, NY
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Core Genotyping Facility, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Witold Zatonski
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M. Sklosowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Core Genotyping Facility, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Zhang FF, Terry MB, Hou L, Chen J, Lissowska J, Yeager M, Zatonski W, Chanock S, Morabia A, Chow WH. Genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolism and the risk of stomach cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:115-21. [PMID: 17220339 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate deficiency has been implicated in the etiology of stomach cancer through abnormal DNA methylation and disrupted DNA synthesis and repair. Enzyme-coding genes involved in folate metabolism are often polymorphic. In a population-based study of 305 cases and 427 controls in Warsaw, Poland, we evaluated the risk of stomach cancer in relation to polymorphisms in folate-metabolizing genes, including MTHFR (Ex5+79C>T and Ex8-62A>C), MTR (Ex26-20A>G), and MTRR (Ex2-64A>G, Ex5+123C>T, Ex15+572C>T, Ex15-405A>T, Ex9-85C>T, Ex15-526G>A, and Ex14+14C>T). Polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene were not associated with stomach cancer risk. No notable effect was found for polymorphisms in MTR or MTRR either, although MTR Ex26-20 A>G and MTRR Ex5+123C>T polymorphisms were associated with a borderline increased risk of stomach cancer (MTR Ex26-20A>G, AG/GG versus AA: odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-1.90; MTRR Ex5+123C>T, CT/TT versus CC: odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.82). We did not find significant interactions between polymorphisms in MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR genes and dietary folate and alcohol consumption. Our study did not identify strong genetic determinants in the folate metabolism pathway for stomach cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
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Rocco A, Nardone G. Diet, H pylori infection and gastric cancer: evidence and controversies. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:2901-12. [PMID: 17589938 PMCID: PMC4171140 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i21.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decreasing incidence and mortality rates, gastric cancer (GC) still remains the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Due to the limited treatment options, at present, prevention is likely to be the only effective means of controlling this disease. The success of a prevention strategy depends upon the understanding of etiological and pathogenic mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis. The etiology of GC is multi-factorial, however, in the recent years, mounting evidence suggests that environmental factors play a key role. The most important environmental factors implicated in the pathogenesis of GC are diet and H pylori infection. Thus, modifications in lifestyle and dietary habit associated with eradication of H pylori infection could hypothetically represent the most promising potential targets for GC prevention. In this review we will address the evidence and the controversies on the role of these agents in non-cardia GC by focusing on retrospective and prospective observational studies and interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Hold GL, Rabkin CS, Chow WH, Smith MG, Gammon MD, Risch HA, Vaughan TL, McColl KEL, Lissowska J, Zatonski W, Schoenberg JB, Blot WJ, Mowat NAG, Fraumeni JF, El-Omar EM. A functional polymorphism of toll-like receptor 4 gene increases risk of gastric carcinoma and its precursors. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:905-12. [PMID: 17324405 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS TLR4 is a cell-surface signaling receptor involved in the recognition and host response to Helicobacter pylori. The TLR4+896A>G polymorphism linked with impaired reactivity to bacterial lipopolysaccharide may play a role in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS We assessed associations with premalignant gastric changes in 149 relatives of gastric cancer patients, including 45 with hypochlorhydria and gastric atrophy. We also genotyped 2 independent Caucasian population-based case-control studies of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer, initially in 312 noncardia gastric carcinoma cases and 419 controls and then in 184 noncardia gastric carcinomas, 123 cardia carcinomas, 159 esophageal cancers, and 211 frequency-matched controls. Odds ratios were computed from logistic models and adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS TLR4+896G carriers had an 11-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-48) increased odds ratio (OR) for hypochlorhydria; the polymorphism was unassociated with gastric acid output in the absence of H pylori infection. Carriers also had significantly more severe gastric atrophy and inflammation. Seventeen percent of gastric carcinoma patients in the initial study and 15% of the noncardia gastric carcinoma patients in the replication study had 1 or 2 TLR4 variant alleles vs 8% of both control populations (combined OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.6-3.4). In contrast, prevalence of TLR4+896G was not significantly increased in esophageal squamous cell (2%, OR = 0.2) or adenocarcinoma (9%, OR = 1.4) or gastric cardia carcinoma (11%, OR = 1.4). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the TLR4+896A>G polymorphism is a risk factor for noncardia gastric carcinoma and its precursors. The findings underscore the role of the host innate immune response in outcome of H pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L Hold
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, Scotland
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Larsson SC, Giovannucci E, Wolk A. Alcoholic beverage consumption and gastric cancer risk: a prospective population-based study in women. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:373-7. [PMID: 17066442 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The association between alcohol consumption and risk of gastric cancer remains controversial. Moreover, prospective data on the role of alcoholic beverage type are sparse. We prospectively investigated the association between total alcohol (ethanol) intake as well as specific alcoholic beverages and risk of gastric cancer in the Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population-based cohort of 61,433 women. Alcohol intake and other dietary exposures were assessed at baseline (1987-1990) and again in 1997 using a food-frequency questionnaire. Incident gastric cancer cases were ascertained through the Swedish Cancer Register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 966,807 person-years of follow-up, through June 2005, 160 incident cases of gastric cancer occurred. Total alcohol intake was not significantly associated with risk of gastric cancer. Compared with nondrinkers, the multivariate HR of gastric cancer for women with an alcohol intake of 40 g or more per week was 1.33 (95% CI, 0.79-2.25). Consumption of medium-strong/strong beer was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of gastric cancer; the multivariate HR for women who consumed more than one serving of medium-strong/strong beer per week (median, 2.5 drinks/week) was 2.09 (95% CI, 1.11-3.93; p-trend = 0.02) compared with no consumption. Consumption of light beer, wine, and hard liquor was not significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. Our findings suggest that constituents of beer other than alcohol may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C Larsson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Camargo MC, Mera R, Correa P, Peek RM, Fontham ETH, Goodman KJ, Piazuelo MB, Sicinschi L, Zabaleta J, Schneider BG. Interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1674-87. [PMID: 16985030 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of interleukin-1B (IL1B) and its receptor antagonist (IL1RN) genes have been inconsistently associated with gastric cancer risk. We examined these associations by performing meta-analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five studies testing the association between IL1B and/or IL1RN gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer were examined: 14 studies of IL1B-511, 14 studies of IL1B-31, 8 studies of IL1B+3954, and 23 studies of IL1RN. Overall and ethnicity-specific summary odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for gastric cancer associated with these polymorphisms were estimated using fixed- and random-effects models. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. RESULTS IL1B-511T and IL1RN*2 were associated with gastric cancer risk in Caucasians, but not in Asians. For IL1B-511T, the association in Caucasians was stronger when intestinal-subtype and noncardia gastric cancer cases were examined. A nonsignificant trend was observed between IL1B-31C and gastric cancer in Caucasians. No significant association of IL1B+3954T and gastric cancer risk was detected. Studies with better methodologic characteristics reported stronger effects. There was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSION IL1B-511T is associated with gastric cancer susceptibility in Caucasians. The meta-analyses suggest that the conflicting results among studies may be explained by variation in allele frequencies among the ethnic groups and variation in tumor types, as well as by the methodologic quality of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1005 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA.
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Baccarelli A, Hou L, Chen J, Lissowska J, El-Omar EM, Grillo P, Giacomini SM, Yaeger M, Bernig T, Zatonski W, Fraumeni JF, Chanock SJ, Chow WH. Mannose-binding lectin-2 genetic variation and stomach cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:1970-5. [PMID: 16721783 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) protein, an antigen-recognition molecule involved in systemic and mucosal innate immunity, is determined by variant alleles in MBL2 gene promoter and exon-1 regions. We conducted a population-based study on 305 stomach cancer cases and 427 controls in Warsaw, Poland to determine whether MBL2 gene variants predispose to stomach cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MBL2 were determined by TaqMan. The 5 tested MBL2 variants are in complete linkage disequilibrium and comprise 6 different haplotypes. The risk of stomach cancer was increased in subjects carrying the H/H promoter genotype (OR = 1.8, 95%CI 1.1-2.9; p = 0.020) relative to L/L carriers, after adjustment for age, gender, education and smoking. Carrying at least one D exon-1 allele was associated with nonsignificant excess risk (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.4; p = 0.081). In haplotype analysis, the HYD haplotype was associated with increased risk of stomach cancer when compared with HYA, the most common haplotype (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2; p = 0.021). In diplotype analysis, subjects carrying the YA/D haplotype combination showed the highest risk (OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.2-7.1; p = 0.015), compared with YA/YA. Further analyses to examine the joint effect of MBL2 and IL-1B polymorphisms, previously shown to predispose to stomach cancer, indicated that the combination of at-risk IL-1B genotypes (CT or TT at location -511) and HYD MBL2 haplotype was associated with a 3.5-fold risk (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.6-7.6; p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that the codon 52 D MBL2 variant causing a cysteine > arginine replacement, but not B and C variants producing glycine substitutions, is specifically associated with gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baccarelli
- EPOCA Epidemiology Research Centre, Maggiore Hospital IRCCS Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer is a widely accepted and practiced technique in countries such as Japan and China where the prevalence of gastric cancer is significantly higher than in the US. This review discusses standard endoscopic mucosal resection methods, as well as newly developed techniques. Data are reviewed in terms of complete resection rates and disease-free survival so as to allow endoscopists to determine which treatment options are best for their patients. RECENT FINDINGS Within the past few years, new endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection techniques have been developed. These techniques may allow for the treatment of lesions that are not suitable for endoscopic treatment, especially in high-risk patients. SUMMARY As gastroenterologists and surgeons in the West become more familiar and experienced with the techniques of endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection, patients will benefit from these minimally invasive therapeutic techniques. Although controlled studies are needed, in the future these methods may also be used to treat other early malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti A Reshamwala
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Savage SA, Hou L, Lissowska J, Chow WH, Zatonski W, Chanock SJ, Yeager M. Interleukin-8 polymorphisms are not associated with gastric cancer risk in a Polish population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:589-91. [PMID: 16537722 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Savage
- Section of Genomic Variation, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Advanced Technology Center, 8717 Grovemont Circle, Bethesda, MD 20892-4605, USA.
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Botelho F, Lunet N, Barros H. Coffee and gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2006; 22:889-900. [PMID: 16680342 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2006000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We systematically reviewed the literature on the association between coffee consumption and gastric cancer and performed a meta-analysis of the results. Published cohort and case-control studies were identified in PubMed and reference lists. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool effects from 23 studies, and heterogeneity was explored by stratification and meta-regression. The odds ratio (OR) for the overall association between coffee and gastric cancer (highest vs. lowest category of exposure) was 0.97 (95%CI: 0.86-1.09), similar for cohort (OR = 1.02; 95%CI: 0.76-1.37) and case-control studies (population-based: OR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.70-1.15; hospital-based: OR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.83-1.13). The OR was 1.26 (95%CI: 1.02-1.57) when considering five studies conducted in the USA, 0.97 (95%CI: 0.82-1.14) for the five Japanese studies, 0.98 (95%CI: 0.81-1.17) for the six studies from Europe, and 0.64 (95%CI: 0.47-0.86) for the two studies from South America. In this meta-analysis we found no adverse effect of coffee associated with gastric cancer. Knowledge on the level of exposure to different coffee constituents may provide a deeper understanding of this reassuring result and the real role of coffee on cancer risk.
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Zhao B. The Health Effects of Tea Polyphenols and Their Antioxidant Mechanism. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2006. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.38.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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