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Moghazy YM, Hamada NMM, Fathalla MF, Elmarassi YR, Hamed EA, El-Atawy MA. Understanding the reaction mechanism of the regioselective piperidinolysis of aryl 1-(2,4-dinitronaphthyl) ethers in DMSO: Kinetic and DFT studies. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/14686783211027446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of aryl 1-(2,4-dinitronaphthyl) ethers with piperidine in dimethyl sulfoxide at 25oC resulted in substitution of the aryloxy group at the ipso carbon atom. The reaction was measured spectrophotochemically and the kinetic studies suggested that the titled reaction is accurately third order. The mechanism is began by fast nucleophilic attack of piperidine on C1 to form zwitterion intermediate (I) followed by deprotonation of zwitterion intermediate (I) to the Meisenheimer ion (II) in a slow step, that is, SB catalysis. The regular variation of activation parameters suggested that the reaction proceeded through a common mechanism. The Hammett equation using reaction constant σo values and Brønsted coefficient value showed that the reaction is poorly dependent on aryloxy substituent and the reaction was significantly associative and Meisenheimer intermediate-like. The mechanism of piperidinolysis has been theoretically investigated using density functional theory method using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) computational level. The combination between experimental and computational studies predicts what mechanism is followed either through uncatalyzed or catalyzed reaction pathways, that is, SB and SB-GA. The global parameters of the reactants, the proposed activated complexes, and the local Fukui function analysis explained that C1 carbon atom is the most electrophilic center of ether. Also, kinetics and theoretical calculation of activation energies indicated that the mechanism of the piperidinolysis passed through a two-step mechanism and the proton transfer process was the rate determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmen M Moghazy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nagwa MM Hamada
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Magda F Fathalla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasser R Elmarassi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Basic Science Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Dammam University), Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzat A Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Atawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
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Moghazy YM, Fathalla MF, Hamada NMM, Elmarassi YR, Hamed EA. Experimental and theoretical approaches to the study of the reactivity and mechanism of the substitution of phenyl 1‐(2,4‐dinitronaphthyl) ether with anilines derivatives. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmen M. Moghazy
- Chemistry and Physics DepartmentFaculty of EducationAlexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Magda F. Fathalla
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceAlexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Nagwa M. M. Hamada
- Chemistry and Physics DepartmentFaculty of EducationAlexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Yasser R. Elmarassi
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceAlexandria University Alexandria Egypt
- Basic Science DepartmentImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Dammam University) Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzat A. Hamed
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceAlexandria University Alexandria Egypt
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Fathalla MF, Hamed EA. Kinetics of the Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Methyl 2,4-Dichloro-3,5-Dinitrobenzoate with Piperidine, Piperazine, Morpholine and Thiomorpholine in Methanol and Benzene. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823406777980646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic of the nucleophilic substitution of methyl 2,4-dichloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoate with piperidine, piperazine, morpholine and thiomorpholine in methanol and benzene were determined spectrophotometrically at different amine concentrations and at temperatures ranging from 25 to 45 °C. The second order rate constants and the thermodynamic parameters show that the reactions are not amine catalysed and are greatly dependent of the nature of solvent and amine. UV, IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis are used to prove the aminodechlorination at C–2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda F. Fathalla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Ezzat A. Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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Fathalla MF, Ibrahim MF, Hamed EA. Kinetics of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of 2-Thioaryl-3, 5-Dinitropyridine Derivatives in 50% v/v DMSO–water. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823404323000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of substituted 2-thioaryl-3,5-dinitropyridine have been studied in 50% DMSO– water. The observed rate constants and the second order rate constants were calculated. The thermodynamic parameters for the unsubstituted compound reveals the activating power of the two nitro- and aza-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda F. Fathalla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University, PO 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F. Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University, PO 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Ezzat A. Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University, PO 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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Al-Howsaway HO, Fathalla MF, El-Bardan AA, Hamed EA. Reaction of 4-Chloro-3,5-Dinitrobenzotrifluoride with Aniline Derivatives. Substituent Effects. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823407x240926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
N-(2,6-Dinitro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)aniline derivatives were prepared by anilino-dechlorination of 4-chloro-3, 5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride. IR, UV and 1H NMR studies suggested an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the amino hydrogen and one o-nitro group. An addition-elimination mechanism was suggested based on the second-order kinetics and the dependence of rates on the nature and the position of the substituent in the aniline ring, as well as the high negative values of ρ(-3.14, −3.16, −3.01). Such values indicate a positive charge on the aniline nitrogen in the transition state and that the rate is affected by the polar effect of the substituent. The β value (0.85 at 30°C) indicates an appreciable degree of bond formation in the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamida O.M. Al-Howsaway
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda F. Fathalla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, PO 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Ali A. El-Bardan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, PO 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Ezzat A. Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, PO 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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Harifi-Mood AR, Masumpour MS, Gholami MR. Solvent Parameters Effects on the Second-Order Rate Constants of the Reaction of 2-Chloro-3,5-Dinitropyridine with Aniline in Aqueous Solutions of Alcohols. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967406779946937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction kinetics of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine with aniline was studied in aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol at room temperature. The obtained results for aqueous solutions indicate that the second-order rate constants are in order of 2-propano > ethano > methanol with a maximum at water mole fraction of 0.9. The influence of solvent parameters including normalized polarity (ETN), dipolarity/polarisability (π*), and hydrogen bond donor acidity (α) on the second-order rate constants were investigated and multiple regressions gave much better results with regard to single parameter regressions. Dipolarity/polarisability and hydrogen bond donor acidity of media demonstrate opposite effects on the reaction rate. The dipolarity/polarisability of media has a positive effect regarding to zwitterionic character of the reaction intermediate and the hydrogen bond donor acidity shows a negative effect because of hydrogen-bonding interactions between aniline and solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Harifi-Mood
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Gholami
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
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Boerth DW, Arvanites AC. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in chlorinated aromatic systems with a glutathione thiolate model. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald W. Boerth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; North Dartmouth MA USA
| | - Anthony C. Arvanites
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth; North Dartmouth MA USA
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Salari H, Pedervand M, Sadeghzadeh-Darabi F, Gholami MR. Solvent effects on kinetics of an heteroatomic nucleophilic substitution reaction in ionic liquid and molecular solvents mixtures. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024413120297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salari H, Hallett JP, Padervand M, Gholami MR. Systems Designed with an Ionic Liquid and Molecular Solvents to Investigate the Kinetics of an SNAr Reaction. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/146867813x13632857557572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microscopic features of binary solvent systems formed by molecular solvents (methanol, ethanol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, water, pyridine, acetonitrile, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, dimethylformamide) and the ionic liquid ([bmim]BF4) as cosolvent were used to select mixed solvents with particular characteristics. Molecular-microscopic solvent parameters corresponding to these binary mixtures were utilised to study the kinetics of the nucleophilic substitution reaction between 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine and aniline to investigate and compare the effects of the solvents on a model chemical reaction. For these mixtures, the solvation behaviour is dominated by both the dipolarity/polarisability and hydrogen bonding interactions of the media. In these solutions, the rate constants of the reaction decrease with the mole fraction of ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Salari
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Padervand
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Fathalla MF. Kinetics of the Reaction of 2-Chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotriflouride with Aniline in Toluene and Methanol-Toluene Mixed Solvents. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Merlino A, Benitez D, Campillo NE, Páez JA, Tinoco LW, González M, Cerecetto H. Amidines bearing benzofuroxan or benzimidazole 1,3-dioxide core scaffolds as Trypanosoma cruzi-inhibitors: structural basis for their interactions with cruzipain. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fathalla MF. Kinetics of the Reaction of 2-Chloro-quinoxaline with Hydroxide Ion in ACN–H2O and DMSO–H2O Binary Solvent Mixtures. J SOLUTION CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-011-9722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Khattab SN, Hamed EA, Albericio F, El-Faham A. Synthesis and Aminolysis of 2,4-Dinitrophenyl and 5-Nitropyridine N-Hydroxy Oxime Derivatives. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Harifi-Mood AR, Rahmati M, Gholami MR. Solvent polarity and hydrogen bond effects on nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-bromo-5-nitrothiophene with piperidine. INT J CHEM KINET 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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El-Mallah NM, Senior SA, Nabil GM, Ramadan MS, Hamed EA. Effect of acetonitrile-water mixtures on the reaction of dinitrochlorobenzene and dinitrochlorobenzotrifluoride with hydroxide ion. INT J CHEM KINET 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Asghar BHM, Fathalla MF, Hamed EA. Solvent and substituent effects on the reaction of 2- and 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluorides with substituted anilines. INT J CHEM KINET 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Harifi-Mood AR, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Gholami MR. Solvent effects on kinetics of the reaction between 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine and aniline in aqueous and alcoholic solutions of [bmim]BF4. INT J CHEM KINET 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fathalla MF. Solvent effect on the alkaline hydrolysis of 2-thiophenyl- 3,5-dinitropyridine. INT J CHEM KINET 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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EL Hegazy FEZM, Abdel Fattah SZ, Hamed EA, Sharaf SM. Kinetics of the reaction of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine withmeta- andpara-substituted anilines in methanol. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-1395(200009)13:9<549::aid-poc297>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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