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Schreiber F, Donato FF, Kemmerich M, Zanella R, Camargo ER, Avila LAD. Efficiency of home water filters on pesticide removal from drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122936. [PMID: 37979648 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution via natural and anthropogenic activities has become a global problem, which can lead to short and long-term impacts on humans' health and the ecosystems. Substantial amounts of individual or mixtures of organic pollutants move into the surface water via point and non-point source contamination. Some of these compounds are known to be toxic and difficult to remove from water sources, thus affecting their quality. Moreover, environmental regulations in high-income countries have become very strict for drinking water treatment over the past decades, especially regarding pesticides. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different residential water treatments to remove 13 pesticides with distinct physicochemical characteristics from the drinking water. Nine water treatments were used: four membrane filters, an activated carbon filter, ultraviolet radiation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange resins, and ozonation. The trial was performed with tap water contaminated with an environmental concentration of 13 pesticides. According to the results, activated carbon and reverse osmosis were 100% efficient for pesticide removal, followed by ion exchange resins and ultraviolet radiation. Membrane filters, in general, showed low efficiency and should, therefore, not be used for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Schreiber
- Laboratory of Environmental Fate of Herbicide, Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil; F.S. Farm Limited, Itaí District, Ijuí, RS, 98717-000, Brazil
| | - Filipe Fagan Donato
- Laboratory of Pesticides Residues Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 - Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-000, Brazil; Education Department of the Polytechnic College, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 - Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-000, Brazil
| | - Magali Kemmerich
- Laboratory of Environmental Fate of Herbicide, Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Pesticides Residues Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 - Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-000, Brazil; Federal University of Pampa, Chromatography and Food Analysis Research Group, Itaqui, RS, 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratory of Pesticides Residues Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 - Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-000, Brazil
| | - Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo
- Laboratory of Environmental Fate of Herbicide, Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio de Avila
- Laboratory of Environmental Fate of Herbicide, Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Braeken L, Van der Bruggen B, Vandecasteele C. Flux Decline in Nanofiltration Due to Adsorption of Dissolved Organic Compounds: Model Prediction of Time Dependency. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:2957-62. [PMID: 16471907 DOI: 10.1021/jp0534333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flux decline during nanofiltration of aqueous solutions containing dissolved organic compounds is mainly caused by adsorption of these compounds in the membrane pores and on the membrane surface. In this paper, flux decline is modeled by incorporating the loss of permeability due to adsorption in the Spiegler-Kedem equation. This results in a logarithmic relation between normalized flux decline and time until the adsorption equilibrium is reached and the flux reaches a constant value. In this way, the expected flux decline due to adsorption of organic compounds can be estimated. Two different parameters were used in the model: the time delay t(0), which corresponds to the time at which the adsorption process in the membrane pores and on the membrane surface sets in, and the corresponding reduction of free (pore) volume (b). Both parameters depend on the hydrophobicity of the compounds and on the feed concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Braeken
- Laboratory for Applied Physical Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, K.U. Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Van Der Bruggen B, Vandecasteele C. Flux decline during nanofiltration of organic components in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2001; 35:3535-3540. [PMID: 11563658 DOI: 10.1021/es0100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Flux decline due to interaction of the membrane with the feed solution is a major drawback for the use of nanofiltration in environmental applications. This paper studies different mechanisms of flux decline for the nanofiltration of aqueous solutions containing organic compounds. The resistance model for flux decline is used: different mechanisms contribute through an increase of the resistance of the membrane against mass transport. The focus in this research is on pore blocking and adsorption inside the membrane pores. Osmotic pressure is also taken into account as it decreases the driving force. The nanofiltration membranes used were NF70 (Dow), UTC-20 and UTC-60 (Toray Ind.), and NTR 7450 (Nitto-Denko). Experiments with different organic components in aqueous solution showed that adsorption resulted in a strong decrease of the water flux. The results of the flux decline as a function of the concentration could well be fitted with the Freundlich equation for adsorption. The components that showed the largest effect had the highest polarity (permanent dipole moment or polarizability), which indicates that adsorption is favored by the polarity of the components in solution. Moreover, the molecules with a size similar to the pore size had a stronger effect on the water flux than other molecules. This can be explained by blocking of the pores by adsorbed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Van Der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.
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