1
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Anti-Inflammatory and Mineralization Effects of an ASP/PLGA-ASP/ACP/PLLA-PLGA Composite Membrane as a Dental Pulp Capping Agent. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030106. [PMID: 35997444 PMCID: PMC9397017 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is essential for the development and long-term preservation of teeth. Dental trauma and caries often lead to pulp inflammation. Vital pulp therapy using dental pulp-capping materials is an approach to preserving the vitality of injured dental pulp. Most pulp-capping materials used in clinics have good biocompatibility to promote mineralization, but their anti-inflammatory effect is weak. Therefore, the failure rate will increase when dental pulp inflammation is severe. The present study developed an amorphous calcium phosphate/poly (L-lactic acid)-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) membrane compounded with aspirin (hereafter known as ASP/PLGA-ASP/ACP/PLLA-PLGA). The composite membrane, used as a pulp-capping material, effectively achieved the rapid release of high concentrations of the anti-inflammatory drug aspirin during the early stages as well as the long-term release of low concentrations of aspirin and calcium/phosphorus ions during the later stages, which could repair inflamed dental pulp and promote mineralization. Meanwhile, the composite membrane promoted the proliferation of inflamed dental pulp stem cells, downregulated the expression of inflammatory markers, upregulated the expression of mineralization-related markers, and induced the formation of stronger reparative dentin in the rat pulpitis model. These findings indicate that this material may be suitable for use as a pulp-capping material in clinical applications.
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2
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Sun W, Tashman JW, Shiwarski DJ, Feinberg AW, Webster-Wood VA. Long-Fiber Embedded Hydrogel 3D Printing for Structural Reinforcement. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:303-313. [PMID: 34860495 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are candidate building blocks in a wide range of biomaterial applications including soft and biohybrid robotics, microfluidics, and tissue engineering. Recent advances in embedded 3D printing have broadened the design space accessible with hydrogel additive manufacturing. Specifically, the Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) technique has enabled the fabrication of complex 3D structures using extremely soft hydrogels, e.g., alginate and collagen, by assembling hydrogels within a fugitive support bath. However, the low structural rigidity of FRESH printed hydrogels limits their applications, especially those that require operation in nonaqueous environments. In this study, we demonstrated long-fiber embedded hydrogel 3D printing using a multihead printing platform consisting of a custom-built fiber extruder and an open-source FRESH bioprinter with high embedding fidelity. Using this process, fibers were embedded in 3D printed hydrogel components to achieve significant structural reinforcement (e.g., tensile modulus improved from 56.78 ± 8.76 to 382.55 ± 25.29 kPa and tensile strength improved from 9.44 ± 2.28 to 45.05 ± 5.53 kPa). In addition, we demonstrated the versatility of this technique by using fibers of a wide range of sizes and material types and implementing different 2D and 3D embedding patterns, such as embedding a conical helix using electrochemically aligned collagen fiber via nonplanar printing. Moreover, the technique was implemented using low-cost material and is compatible with open-source software and hardware, which facilitates its adoption and modification for new research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhuan Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Joshua W Tashman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Daniel J Shiwarski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Victoria A Webster-Wood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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3
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Hirano N, Kusuhara H, Sueyoshi Y, Teramura T, Murthy A, Asamura S, Isogai N, Jacquet RD, Landis WJ. Ethanol treatment of nanoPGA/PCL composite scaffolds enhances human chondrocyte development in the cellular microenvironment of tissue-engineered auricle constructs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253149. [PMID: 34242238 PMCID: PMC8270150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle for tissue engineering ear-shaped cartilage is poorly developed tissue comprising cell-scaffold constructs. To address this issue, bioresorbable scaffolds of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and polyglycolic acid nanofibers (nanoPGA) were evaluated using an ethanol treatment step before auricular chondrocyte scaffold seeding, an approach considered to enhance scaffold hydrophilicity and cartilage regeneration. Auricular chondrocytes were isolated from canine ears and human surgical samples discarded during otoplasty, including microtia reconstruction. Canine chondrocytes were seeded onto PCL and nanoPGA sheets either with or without ethanol treatment to examine cellular adhesion in vitro. Human chondrocytes were seeded onto three-dimensional bioresorbable composite scaffolds (PCL with surface coverage of nanoPGA) either with or without ethanol treatment and then implanted into athymic mice for 10 and 20 weeks. On construct retrieval, scanning electron microscopy showed canine auricular chondrocytes seeded onto ethanol-treated scaffolds in vitro developed extended cell processes contacting scaffold surfaces, a result suggesting cell-scaffold adhesion and a favorable microenvironment compared to the same cells with limited processes over untreated scaffolds. Adhesion of canine chondrocytes was statistically significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) for ethanol-treated compared to untreated scaffold sheets. After implantation for 10 weeks, constructs of human auricular chondrocytes seeded onto ethanol-treated scaffolds were covered with glossy cartilage while constructs consisting of the same cells seeded onto untreated scaffolds revealed sparse connective tissue and cartilage regeneration. Following 10 weeks of implantation, RT-qPCR analyses of chondrocytes grown on ethanol-treated scaffolds showed greater expression levels for several cartilage-related genes compared to cells developed on untreated scaffolds with statistically significantly increased SRY-box transcription factor 5 (SOX5) and decreased interleukin-1α (inflammation-related) expression levels (p ≤ 0.05). Ethanol treatment of scaffolds led to increased cartilage production for 20- compared to 10-week constructs. While hydrophilicity of scaffolds was not assessed directly in the present findings, a possible factor supporting the summary data is that hydrophilicity may be enhanced for ethanol-treated nanoPGA/PCL scaffolds, an effect leading to improvement of chondrocyte adhesion, the cellular microenvironment and cartilage regeneration in tissue-engineered auricle constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narihiko Hirano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Kusuhara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yu Sueyoshi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Teramura
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Ananth Murthy
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical College, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Noritaka Isogai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
- * E-mail: (WJL); (NI)
| | - Robin DiFeo Jacquet
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William J. Landis
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WJL); (NI)
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4
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Campos Y, Almirall A, Fuentes G, Bloem HL, Kaijzel EL, Cruz LJ. Tissue Engineering: An Alternative to Repair Cartilage. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 25:357-373. [PMID: 30913997 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we review the state-of-the-art in tissue engineering for repair of articular cartilage. First, we describe the molecular, cellular, and histologic structure and function of endogenous cartilage, focusing on chondrocytes, collagens, extracellular matrix, and proteoglycans. We then explore in vitro cell culture on scaffolds, discussing the difficulties involved in maintaining or obtaining a chondrocytic phenotype. Next, we discuss the diverse compounds and designs used for these scaffolds, including natural and synthetic biomaterials and porous, fibrous, and multilayer architectures. We then report on the mechanical properties of different cell-loaded scaffolds, and the success of these scaffolds following in vivo implantation in small animals, in terms of generating tissue that structurally and functionally resembles native tissue. Last, we highlight future trends in this field. We conclude that despite major technical advances made over the past 15 years, and continually improving results in cartilage repair experiments in animals, the development of clinically useful implants for regeneration of articular cartilage remains a challenge
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaima Campos
- 1Biomaterials Center, Havana University, LA Habana, Cuba.,2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gastón Fuentes
- 1Biomaterials Center, Havana University, LA Habana, Cuba.,2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans L Bloem
- 2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric L Kaijzel
- 2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- 2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Eftekhari A, Maleki Dizaj S, Sharifi S, Salatin S, Rahbar Saadat Y, Zununi Vahed S, Samiei M, Ardalan M, Rameshrad M, Ahmadian E, Cucchiarini M. The Use of Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering for Cartilage Regeneration; Current Approaches and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E536. [PMID: 31947685 PMCID: PMC7014227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair and regeneration of articular cartilage represent important challenges for orthopedic investigators and surgeons worldwide due to its avascular, aneural structure, cellular arrangement, and dense extracellular structure. Although abundant efforts have been paid to provide tissue-engineered grafts, the use of therapeutically cell-based options for repairing cartilage remains unsolved in the clinic. Merging a clinical perspective with recent progress in nanotechnology can be helpful for developing efficient cartilage replacements. Nanomaterials, < 100 nm structural elements, can control different properties of materials by collecting them at nanometric sizes. The integration of nanomaterials holds promise in developing scaffolds that better simulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment of cartilage to enhance the interaction of scaffold with the cells and improve the functionality of the engineered-tissue construct. This technology not only can be used for the healing of focal defects but can also be used for extensive osteoarthritic degenerative alterations in the joint. In this review paper, we will emphasize the recent investigations of articular cartilage repair/regeneration via biomaterials. Also, the application of novel technologies and materials is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Eftekhari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, 5515878151 Maragheh, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Salatin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, 5166614756 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Zununi Vahed
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samiei
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Ardalan
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rameshrad
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, 9414975516 Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756 Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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6
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Liu Y, Xu C, Gu Y, Shen X, Zhang Y, Li B, Chen L. Polydopamine-modified poly(l-lactic acid) nanofiber scaffolds immobilized with an osteogenic growth peptide for bone tissue regeneration. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11722-11736. [PMID: 35516986 PMCID: PMC9063423 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08828d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is highly desirable for bone tissue engineering scaffolds to have significant osteogenic properties and capability to improve cell growth and thus enhance bone regeneration. In this study, a poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofiber scaffold-immobilized osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) was prepared via polydopamine (PDA) coating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurement, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the OGP immobilization, hydrophilicity and surface roughness of the samples. The SEM and fluorescence images demonstrate that the PLLA nanofiber scaffolds immobilized with the OGP have excellent cytocompatibility in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation. The ALP activity and the Runx2 and OPN expression results indicated that the PLLA nanofiber scaffolds immobilized with OGP significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation and calcium mineralization of hMSCs in vitro. A rat model of critical skull bone defect was selected to evaluate the bone formation capacity of the scaffolds. Micro CT analysis and histological results demonstrated that the PLLA scaffolds immobilized with OGP significantly promoted bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. This study verifies that the PLLA scaffold-immobilized OGP has significant potential in bone tissue engineering. Polydopamine-modified PLLA nanofiber scaffolds immobilized with osteogenic growth peptide were designed and prepared for promoting bone formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- PR China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | - Changlu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- PR China
- Orthopedic Institute
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Shen
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopedic Institute
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- PR China
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7
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Park IS, Jin RL, Oh HJ, Truong MD, Choi BH, Park SH, Park DY, Min BH. Sizable Scaffold-Free Tissue-Engineered Articular Cartilage Construct for Cartilage Defect Repair. Artif Organs 2018; 43:278-287. [PMID: 30374978 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces an implantable scaffold-free cartilage tissue construct (SF) that is composed of chondrocytes and their self-produced extracellular matrix (ECM). Chondrocytes were grown in vitro for up to 5 weeks and subjected to various assays at different time points (1, 7, 21, and 35 days). For in vivo implantation, full-thickness defects (n = 5) were manually created on the trochlear groove of the both knees of rabbits (16-week old) and 3 week-cultured SF construct was implanted as an allograft for a month. The left knee defects were implanted with 1, 7, and 21 days in vitro cultured scaffold-free engineered cartilages. (group 2, 3, and 4, respectively). The maturity of the engineered cartilages was evaluated by histological, chemical and mechanical assays. The repair of damaged cartilages was also evaluated by gross images and histological observations at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postsurgery. Although defect of groups 1, 2, and 3 were repaired with fibrocartilage tissues, group 4 (21 days) showed hyaline cartilage in the histological observation. In particular, mature matrix and columnar organization of chondrocytes and highly expressed type II collagen were observed only in 21 days in vitro cultured SF cartilage (group 4) at 12 weeks. As a conclusion, cartilage repair with maturation was recapitulated when implanted the 21 day in vitro cultured scaffold-free engineered cartilage. When implanting tissue-engineered cartilage, the maturity of the cartilage tissue along with the cultivation period can affect the cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Su Park
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ri Long Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Minh-Dung Truong
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byung Hyune Choi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Do Young Park
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical center, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byoung-Hyun Min
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical center, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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8
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Paolini A, Leoni L, Giannicchi I, Abbaszadeh Z, D'Oria V, Mura F, Dalla Cort A, Masotti A. MicroRNAs delivery into human cells grown on 3D-printed PLA scaffolds coated with a novel fluorescent PAMAM dendrimer for biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13888. [PMID: 30224665 PMCID: PMC6141561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many advanced synthetic, natural, degradable or non-degradable materials have been employed to create scaffolds for cell culture for biomedical or tissue engineering applications. One of the most versatile material is poly-lactide (PLA), commonly used as 3D printing filament. Manufacturing of multifunctional scaffolds with improved cell growth proliferation and able to deliver oligonucleotides represents an innovative strategy for controlled and localized gene modulation that hold great promise and could increase the number of applications in biomedicine. Here we report for the first time the synthesis of a novel Rhodamine derivative of a poly-amidoamine dendrimer (G = 5) able to transfect cells and to be monitored by confocal microscopy that we also employed to coat a 3D-printed PLA scaffold. The coating do not modify the oligonucleotide binding ability, toxicity or transfection properties of the scaffold that is able to increase cell proliferation and deliver miRNA mimics (i.e., pre-mir-503) into human cells. Although further experiments are required to optimize the dendrimer/miRNA ratio and improve transfection efficiency, we demonstrated the effectiveness of this promising and innovative 3D-printed transfection system to transfer miRNAs into human cells for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Paolini
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Leoni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giannicchi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Zeinab Abbaszadeh
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Oria
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mura
- Center for the Nanotechnology applied to the Engineering of La Sapienza (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Dalla Cort
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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9
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Carrubba VL, Brucato V. Preparation of Poly(l-lactic acid) Scaffolds by Thermally Induced Phase Separation: Role of Thermal History. INT POLYM PROC 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) scaffolds for tissue engineering were prepared via thermally induced phase separation of a ternary system PLLA/dioxane/tetrahydrofurane. An extension to solution of a previously developed method for solidification from the melt was adopted, the technique being based on a Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) approach, consisting in recording the thermal history of rapidly cooled samples and analysing the resulting morphology. Different foams were produced by changing the thermal history, the dioxane to THF ratio (50/50, 70/30, 90/10 v/v) and the polymer concentration (2, 2.5, 4 ° wt) in the starting ternary solution. Pore size, porosity, melting and crystallization behavior were studied, together with a morphological and kinetic analysis of the foams produced. A large variety of morphologies was achieved, the largest pore size (20 μm) was achieved at the highest polymer concentration (4 ° wt) and the lowest dioxane concentration (50/50 dioxane/THF v/v), whereas the largest porosity (90 °) was attained at the highest dioxane concentration (90/10). The average pore size is related to cooling rate, with a 1/3 power law exponent at low polymer concentrations and low dioxane content for thermal histories driven by low undercoolings. At high undercoolings, the growth of the demixed domains significantly departs from the diffusive-like regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. La Carrubba
- Department of Civil , Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering (DICAM), Università di Palermo, Palermo , Italy
- Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center , CHAB, Università di Palermo, Palermo , Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) , Research Unit of Palermo, Firenze , Italy
| | - V. Brucato
- Department of Civil , Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering (DICAM), Università di Palermo, Palermo , Italy
- Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center , CHAB, Università di Palermo, Palermo , Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) , Research Unit of Palermo, Firenze , Italy
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10
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Cheng X, Li K, Xu S, Li P, Yan Y, Wang G, Berman Z, Guo R, Liang J, Traore S, Yang X. Applying chlorogenic acid in an alginate scaffold of chondrocytes can improve the repair of damaged articular cartilage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195326. [PMID: 29621359 PMCID: PMC5886530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged cartilage has very low regenerative potential which has led to the search for novel tissue-engineering approaches to help treat cartilage defects. While various approaches have been reported, there is no perfect treatment currently. In this study we evaluated the effects of a plant extract, chlorogenic acid (CGA), as part of chondrocyte transplantation on a model of knee joint injury in chicks. First, primary cultured chondrocytes used to evaluate the effects of CGA on chondrogenesis. Then using an articular cartilage injury model of chick knee we assessed the functional recovery after transplantation of the complexes containing chondrocytes and CGA in an alginate scaffold. Histological analysis, PCR, and western blot were further used to understand the underlying mechanisms. We showed that 60 μM CGA in alginate exhibited notable effects on stimulating chondrogenesis in vitro. Secondly, it was shown that the application of these complexes accelerated the recovery of injury-induced dysfunction by gait analysis when followed for 21 days. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that there was less abnormal vasculature formation, more chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage matrix synthesis in the presence of the complexes containing CGA. We discovered CGA treated transplantation up-regulated the expressions of Sox9 and Col2a1 which were responsible for the stimulation of chondrogenesis. Furthermore, the application of these complexes could suppress the abnormal angiogenesis and fibrosis at the injury site. Lastly, the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, p-p65, and MMPs expression were decreased in the presence of CGA. This may be caused through adjusting cellular redox homeostasis associated with Nrf2. This study suggests that combining chondrocytes and CGA on an alginate scaffold can improve the recovery of damaged articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengsong Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peizhi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zachary Berman
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxin Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sira Traore
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Yusof MR, Shamsudin R, Abdullah Y, Yalcinkaya F, Yaacob N. Electrospinning of carboxymethyl starch/poly(L-lactide acid) composite nanofiber. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Reusmaazran Yusof
- School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Roslinda Shamsudin
- School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yusof Abdullah
- Material Technology Group, Industrial Technology Division; Malaysian Nuclear Agency; Bangi 43300 Kajang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Fatma Yalcinkaya
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Department of Nanotechnology and Informatics; Technical University of Liberec; Studentska 1402/2 46117 Liberec The Czech Republic
| | - Norzita Yaacob
- School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
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12
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Takahashi T, Nieda T, Miyazaki E, Enzan H. Novel Technique for Suspension Culture of Autologous Chondrocytes Improves Cell Proliferation and Tissue Architecture. Cell Transplant 2017; 12:667-76. [PMID: 14579935 DOI: 10.3727/000000003108747145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a new and simple method of chondrocyte suspension culture using a spinner bottle with rotation of the matrices. We compared the characteristics of chondrocytes cultured by this method with those grown in standard monolayer cultures. We also determined the optimal nutritional medium for suspension cultures. Periosteum explants seeded with chondrocytes were grown in monolayer and suspension cultures under three conditions: in medium with no additive (control), with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), or with 10% autologous serum (AS). After culturing, the explants were harvested, processed for histology, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin or TUNEL, or immunostained for type I, II, and III collagen, and Ki-67 antigen. In monolayer cultures, the attachment of the chondrocytes to the periosteum was weak and the superficial layer consisted of fibrotic tissue and few nucleated cells. Collagen type II staining was strong, but types I and III were weak. Among the suspension cultures the AS group produced the thickest layer of chondrocytes with the fewest apoptotic cells. The superficial layer of cartilage in these cultures stained positive for type I and III collagen and Ki-67 antigen. Among the suspension cultures, total chondroitin and chondroitin-4 sulfate (C-4S) concentration was highest in the AS group, while prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was highest in the FBS group. In summary, our new method of suspension culture of periosteal explants using rotational matrices combined with AS nutritional media was the most effective method for maintaining the bond between the chondrocyte layer and periosteum, as well as the production of type I and III collagen in the superficial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
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13
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Ushida T, Furukawa K, Toita K, Tateishi T. Three-Dimensional Seeding of Chondrocytes Encapsulated in Collagen Gel into PLLA Scaffolds. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches have been clinically tried to repair damaged articular cartilages. It is an essential step to uniformly seed chondrocytes into 3D scaffolds in order to reconstruct tissue-engineered cartilages in vitro, but the tissue engineering could not have been provided with efficient cell seeding methods. Type I collagen is clinically used and known as a cytocompatible material, having recognition sites for integrins. Collagen gel encapsulating chondrocytes has been tried for making regenerated cartilages, but it is found difficult to have the gel keep its original shape after long-term culture, because of shrinking. On the other hand, 3D scaffolds, either of a nonwoven structure or a sponge-like structure, involve difficulty in that chondrocytes could not be uniformly seeded, although they have adequate initial mechanical properties. In this study, by combining collagen gelation with a nonwoven PLLA scaffold, we achieved uniform cell seeding into the 3D scaffold. Bovine articular chondrocytes were mixed with type I collagen solution, and the solution was poured into the nonwoven PLLA scaffold (1.5 mm thick, f 15 mm). The collagen–chondrocyte mixture was made into gel at 37°C for 1 h. The 0.39% collagen mixture was viscous enough to prevent cells from precipitating during gelation. Almost all chondrocytes were able to be incorporated into the PLLA scaffolds by mixing with collagen solution and subsequently making into gel, while 30–40% of the chondrocytes seeded as a cell suspension were not trapped into the PLLA scaffolds. The method presented, where chondrocytes were mixed with collagen solution, and the mixture was incorporated into a 3D scaffold, then made into gel in the scaffold, could serve as an alternative for in vitro cartilage regeneration, also simultaneously having the advantages of both materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ushida
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Furukawa
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenshi Toita
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tateishi
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Risbud M, Ringe J, Bhonde R, Sittinger M. In Vitro Expression of Cartilage-Specific Markers by Chondrocytes on a Biocompatible Hydrogel: Implications for Engineering Cartilage Tissue. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000001783986224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Makarand Risbud
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Medical Centre, Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Tucholskystrasse-2, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Tissue Engineering and Banking Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Jochen Ringe
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Medical Centre, Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Tucholskystrasse-2, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Tissue Engineering and Banking Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Michael Sittinger
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Medical Centre, Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Tucholskystrasse-2, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Souness A, Zamboni F, Walker GM, Collins MN. Influence of scaffold design on 3D printed cell constructs. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:533-545. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Auryn Souness
- Department of Civil Engineering and Materials Science; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
| | - Fernanda Zamboni
- Stokes Laboratories, Bernal Institute; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
| | - Gavin M Walker
- Bernal Institute; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
| | - Maurice N Collins
- Stokes Laboratories, Bernal Institute; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
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16
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Ramot Y, Haim-Zada M, Domb AJ, Nyska A. Biocompatibility and safety of PLA and its copolymers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:153-162. [PMID: 27058154 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PLA and its copolymers are commonly used for a wide variety of applications. While they are considered to be biocompatible, side effects resulting from their implantation have been reported. The implantation of biomaterials always results in a foreign body reaction. Such a reaction has also been reported following PLA and its copolymers. This article reviews the process of inflammatory reaction that is to be expected following implantation of PLA, and it highlights specific cases in which the inflammatory reaction can result in safety concerns. The authors also review selected cases from different medical fields to demonstrate possible clinical side effects resulting from its use.
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17
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Abstract
There is substantial need for the replacement of tissues in the craniofacial complex due to congenital defects, disease, and injury. The field of tissue engineering, through the application of engineering and biological principles, has the potential to create functional replacements for damaged or pathologic tissues. Three main approaches to tissue engineering have been pursued: conduction, induction by bioactive factors, and cell transplantation. These approaches will be reviewed as they have been applied to key tissues in the craniofacial region. While many obstacles must still be overcome prior to the successful clinical restoration of tissues such as skeletal muscle and the salivary glands, significant progress has been achieved in the development of several tissue equivalents, including skin, bone, and cartilage. The combined technologies of gene therapy and drug delivery with cell transplantation will continue to increase treatment options for craniofacial cosmetic and functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2136, USA
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18
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Chandy T, Rao GH. Preparation of Surface-Engineered Elastin/Lamin Nerve Guide Tubes of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate). J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1106/088391102026102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a spray coating technique was used to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA) tubes. To improve the flexibility of these devices, an elastomeric polymer, poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (PEVAc), was added to the PLA. The PLA/PEVAc tubes were further surface modified with elastin and laminin via carbodiimide and glutaraldehyde treatment. This study evaluated the surface graft matrix components (elastin and laminin) on PLA/PEVAc tubes as a method for regenerating biointeractive materials for nerve growth and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chandy
- Department of Cardiology Mayo Mail Code:508, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gundu H.R. Rao
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Mail Code:508, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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19
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Caminal M, Peris D, Fonseca C, Barrachina J, Codina D, Rabanal RM, Moll X, Morist A, García F, Cairó JJ, Gòdia F, Pla A, Vives J. Cartilage resurfacing potential of PLGA scaffolds loaded with autologous cells from cartilage, fat, and bone marrow in an ovine model of osteochondral focal defect. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:907-19. [PMID: 25595211 PMCID: PMC4960140 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current developments in tissue engineering strategies for articular cartilage regeneration focus on the design of supportive three-dimensional scaffolds and their use in combination with cells from different sources. The challenge of translating initial successes in small laboratory animals into the clinics involves pilot studies in large animal models, where safety and efficacy should be investigated during prolonged follow-up periods. Here we present, in a single study, the long-term (up to 1 year) effect of biocompatible porous scaffolds non-seeded and seeded with fresh ex vivo expanded autologous progenitor cells that were derived from three different cell sources [cartilage, fat and bone marrow (BM)] in order to evaluate their advantages as cartilage resurfacing agents. An ovine model of critical size osteochondral focal defect was used and the test items were implanted arthroscopically into the knees. Evidence of regeneration of hyaline quality tissue was observed at 6 and 12 months post-treatment with variable success depending on the cell source. Cartilage and BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), but not those derived from fat, resulted in the best quality of new cartilage, as judged qualitatively by magnetic resonance imaging and macroscopic assessment, and by histological quantitative scores. Given the limitations in sourcing cartilage tissue and the risk of donor site morbidity, BM emerges as a preferential source of MSC for novel cartilage resurfacing therapies of osteochondral defects using copolymeric poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caminal
- Divisió de Teràpies Avançades/XCELIA, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Peris
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Tissular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - C Fonseca
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Àrea de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - J Barrachina
- Hospital ASEPEYO Sant Cugat, Avinguda Alcalde Barnils, 54-60, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08174, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Codina
- Hospital ASEPEYO Sant Cugat, Avinguda Alcalde Barnils, 54-60, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08174, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Rabanal
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Àrea de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - X Moll
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Àrea de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - A Morist
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Àrea de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F García
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Àrea de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - J J Cairó
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Tissular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Tissular, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Q, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - A Pla
- Divisió de Teràpies Avançades/XCELIA, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Vives
- Divisió de Teràpies Avançades/XCELIA, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Abstract
Objective: To induce growth of a neomeniscus into the pores of a prosthesis in order to protect the knee joint cartilage. Methods: 70 knees of 35 New Zealand rabbits were operated. The rabbits were five to seven months old, weighed 2 to 3.8 kilograms, and 22 were male and 13 were female. Each animal underwent medial meniscectomy in both knees during a single operation. A bioabsorbable polymeric meniscal prosthesis composed of 70% polydioxanone and 30% L-lactic acid polymer was implanted in one side. The animals were sacrificed after different postoperative time intervals. The femoral condyles and neomeniscus were subjected to histological analysis. Histograms were used to measure the degradation and absorption of the prosthesis, the growth of meniscal tissue in the prosthesis and the degree of degradation of the femoral condyle joint cartilage. Results: The data obtained showed that tissue growth histologically resembling a normal meniscus occurred, with gradual absorption of the prosthesis, and the percentages of chondrocytes on the control side and prosthesis side. Conclusion: Tissue growth into the prosthesis pores that histologically resembled the normal rabbit meniscus was observed. The joint cartilage of the femoral condyles on the prosthesis side presented greater numbers of chondrocytes in all its layers.
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21
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Jacobs IN, Redden RA, Goldberg R, Hast M, Salowe R, Mauck RL, Doolin EJ. Pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cartilage in a rabbit model. Laryngoscope 2015; 126 Suppl 1:S5-21. [PMID: 26468093 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To develop an effective rabbit model of in vitro- and in vivo-derived tissue-engineered cartilage for laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR). STUDY DESIGN 1) Determination of the optimal scaffold 1% hyaluronic acid (HA), 2% HA, and polyglycolic acid (PGA) and in vitro culture time course using a pilot study of 4 by 4-mm in vitro-derived constructs analyzed on a static culture versus zero-gravity bioreactor for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, with determination of compressive modulus and histology as outcome measures. 2) Three-stage survival rabbit experiment utilizing autologous auricular chondrocytes seeded in scaffolds, either 1% HA or PGA. The constructs were cultured for the determined in vitro time period and then cultured in vivo for 12 weeks. Fifteen LTRs were performed using HA cartilage constructs, and one was performed with a PGA construct. All remaining specimens and the final reconstructed larynx underwent mechanical testing, histology, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content determination, and then were compared to cricoid control specimens (n = 13) and control LTR using autologous thyroid cartilage (n = 18). METHODS 1) One rabbit underwent an auricular punch biopsy, and its chondrocytes were isolated and expanded and then encapsulated in eight 4 by 4-mm discs of 1% HA, 2% HA, PGA either in rotary bioreactor or static culture for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively, with determination of compressive modulus, GAG content, and histology. 2) Sixteen rabbits underwent ear punch biopsy; chondrocytes were isolated and expanded. The cells were seeded in 13 by 5 by 2.25-mm UV photopolymerized 1% HA (w/w) or calcium alginate encapsulated synthetic PGA (13 × 5 × 2 mm); the constructs were then incubated in vitro for 12 weeks (the optimal time period determined above in paragraph 1) on a shaker. One HA and one PGA construct from each animal was tested mechanically and histologically, and the remaining eight (4 HA and 4 PGA) were implanted in the neck. After 12 weeks in vivo, the most optimal-appearing HA construct was used as a graft for LTR in 15 rabbits and PGA in one rabbit. The seven remaining specimens underwent hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O, GAG content determination, and flexural modulus testing. At 12 weeks postoperative, the animals were euthanized and underwent endoscopy. The larynges underwent mechanical and histological testing. All animals that died underwent postmortem examination, including gross and microhistological analysis of the reconstructed airway. RESULTS Thirteen of the 15 rabbits that underwent LTR with HA in vitro- and in vivo-derived tissue-engineered cartilage constructs survived. The 1% HA specimens had the highest modulus and GAG after 12 weeks in vitro. The HA constructs became well integrated in the airway, supported respiration for the 12 weeks, and were histologically and mechanically similar to autologous cartilage. CONCLUSIONS The engineering of in vitro- and in vivo-derived cartilage with HA is a novel approach for laryngotracheal reconstruction. The data suggests that the in vitro- and in vivo-derived tissue-engineered approaches may offer a promising alternative to current strategies used in pediatric airway reconstruction, as well as other head and neck applications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 126:S5-S21, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian N Jacobs
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Robert A Redden
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Rachel Goldberg
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Michael Hast
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Rebecca Salowe
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Robert L Mauck
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Edward J Doolin
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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22
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Hypertonic conditions enhance cartilage formation in scaffold-free primary chondrocyte cultures. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:541-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Caminal M, Moll X, Codina D, Rabanal RM, Morist A, Barrachina J, Garcia F, Pla A, Vives J. Transitory improvement of articular cartilage characteristics after implantation of polylactide:polyglycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds seeded with autologous mesenchymal stromal cells in a sheep model of critical-sized chondral defect. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2143-53. [PMID: 24966043 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of emerging technologies aiming at cartilage resurfacing is hindered by neither the appropriate scaffold design nor the optimal cell source having been defined. Here, critical-sized, chondral-only focal defects were created in sheep and treated with clinical-grade, co-polymeric poly-lactide:polyglycolic acid scaffolds either alone or seeded with 3.3 × 10(6) ± 0.4 × 10(6) autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and studied over 12 month follow-up. An untreated group was included for comparison. Second-look arthroscopy performed at 4 months post-treatment evidenced the generation of neocartilage of better quality in those defects treated with cells. However, macroscopic scores in the cell-treated group declined significantly from 7.5 ± 2.3 at 4 months to 3.1 ± 2.6 (p = 0.0098) at 12 months post-treatment, whereas the other two experimental groups remained unaltered during 4-12 month post-treatment. The effectiveness of the cell-based approach proposed in this study is thus restricted to between months 1 and 4 post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caminal
- Divisió de Teràpies Avançades/XCELIA, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Zhang Y, Pizzute T, Pei M. Anti-inflammatory strategies in cartilage repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:655-68. [PMID: 24846478 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage defects are normally concomitant with posttraumatic inflammation and pose a major challenge in cartilage repair. Due to the avascular nature of cartilage and its inability to surmount an inflammatory response, the cartilage is easily attacked by proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress; if left untreated, osteoarthritis may develop. Suppression of inflammation has always been a crux for cartilage repair. Pharmacological drugs have been successfully applied in cartilage repair; however, they cannot optimally work alone. This review article will summarize current pharmacological drugs and their application in cartilage repair. The development of extracellular matrix-based scaffolds and preconditioned tissue-specific stem cells will be emphasized because both of these tissue engineering components could contribute to an enhanced ability not only for cartilage regeneration but also for anti-inflammation. These strategies could be combined to boost cartilage repair under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
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25
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Ellä V, Annala T, Länsman S, Nurminen M, Kellomäki M. Knitted polylactide 96/4 L/D structures and scaffolds for tissue engineering: shelf life, in vitro and in vivo studies. BIOMATTER 2014; 1:102-13. [PMID: 23507732 PMCID: PMC3548249 DOI: 10.4161/biom.1.1.17447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study covers the whole production cycle, from biodegradable polymer processing to an in vivo tissue engineered construct. Six different biodegradable polylactide 96/4 L/D single jersey knits were manufactured using either four or eight multifilament fiber batches. The properties of those were studied in vitro for 42 weeks and in 0- to 3-year shelf life studies. Three types (Ø 12, 15 and 19 mm) of cylindrical scaffolds were manufactured from the knit, and the properties of those were studied in vitro for 48 weeks. For the Ø 15 mm scaffold type, mechanical properties were also studied in a one-year in vivo experiment. The scaffolds were implanted in the rat subcutis. All the scaffolds were γ-irradiated prior to the studies. In vitro, all the knits lost 99% of their mechanical strength in 30 weeks. In the three-year follow up of shelf life properties, there was no decrease in the mechanical properties due to the storage time and only a 12% decrease in molecular weight. The in vitro and in vivo scaffolds lost their mechanical properties after 1 week. In the case of the in vivo samples, the mechanical properties were restored again, stepwise, by the presence of growing/maturing tissue between weeks 3 and 12. Faster degradation was observed with in vitro scaffolds compared to in vivo scaffolds during the one-year follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Ellä
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.
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26
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Weinandy S, Laffar S, Unger RE, Flanagan TC, Loesel R, Kirkpatrick CJ, van Zandvoort M, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Dreier A, Klee D, Jockenhoevel S. Biofunctionalized microfiber-assisted formation of intrinsic three-dimensional capillary-like structures. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1858-69. [PMID: 24456033 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A vascular supply network is essential in engineered tissues >100-200-μm thickness. To control vascular network formation in vitro, we hypothesize that capillarization can be achieved locally by using fibers to position and guide vessel-forming endothelial cells within a three-dimensional (3D) matrix. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biofunctionalization of poly-(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers was performed by amino-functionalization and covalent binding of RGD peptides. Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded on the fibers in a mould and subsequently embedded in fibrin gel. After 9-21 days of coculture, constructs were fixed and immunostained (PECAM-1). Capillary-like structures with lumen in the 3D fibrin matrix were verified and quantified using two-photon microscopy and image analysis software. RESULTS Capillary-like networks with lumen formed adjacent to the PLLA fibers. Increased cell numbers were observed to attach to RGD-functionalized fibers, resulting in enhanced formation of capillary-like structures. Cocultivation of HFFs sufficiently supported HUVECs in the formation of capillary-like structures, which persisted for at least 21 days of coculture. CONCLUSIONS The guidance of vessel growth within tissue-engineered constructs can be achieved using biofunctionalized PLLA microfibers. Further methods are warranted to perform specified spatial positioning of fibers within 3D formative scaffolds to enhance the applicability of the concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weinandy
- 1 Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, AME-Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
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Jin X, Fan Y, Xue Y, Wu L, Lu Y, Chen J, Wang X, Dong D, Meng F, Lu Y, Wood JT, Tang C. Electrospun CF-PHA Nanocomposites: Effect of Surface Modifications of Carbon Fibers. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.830253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Improvement of PHBV scaffolds with bioglass for cartilage tissue engineering. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71563. [PMID: 23951190 PMCID: PMC3739736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer scaffold systems consisting of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) have proven to be possible matrices for the three-dimensional growth of chondrocyte cultures. However, the engineered cartilage grown on these PHBV scaffolds is currently unsatisfactory for clinical applications due to PHBV’s poor hydrophilicity, resulting in inadequate thickness and poor biomechanical properties of the engineered cartilage. It has been reported that the incorporation of Bioglass (BG) into PHBV can improve the hydrophilicity of the composites. In this study, we compared the effects of PHBV scaffolds and PHBV/BG composite scaffolds on the properties of engineered cartilage in vivo. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were seeded into PHBV scaffolds and PHBV/BG scaffolds. Short-term in vitro culture followed by long-term in vivo transplantation was performed to evaluate the difference in cartilage regeneration between the cartilage layers grown on PHBV and PHBV/BG scaffolds. The results show that the incorporation of BG into PHBV efficiently improved both the hydrophilicity of the composites and the percentage of adhered cells and promoted cell migration into the inner part the constructs. With prolonged incubation time in vivo, the chondrocyte-scaffold constructs in the PHBV/BG group formed thicker cartilage-like tissue with better biomechanical properties and a higher cartilage matrix content than the constructs in the PHBV/BG group. These results indicate that PHBV/BG scaffolds can be used to prepare better engineered cartilage than pure PHBV.
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Fonseca C, Caminal M, Peris D, Barrachina J, Fàbregas PJ, Garcia F, Cairó JJ, Gòdia F, Pla A, Vives J. An arthroscopic approach for the treatment of osteochondral focal defects with cell-free and cell-loaded PLGA scaffolds in sheep. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:345-54. [PMID: 23673652 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral injuries are common in humans and are relatively difficult to manage with current treatment options. The combination of novel biomaterials and expanded progenitor or stem cells provides a source of therapeutic and immunologically compatible medicines that can be used in regenerative medicine. However, such new medicinal products need to be tested in translational animal models using the intended route of administration in humans and the intended delivery device. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of an arthroscopic approach for the implantation of biocompatible copolymeric poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) scaffolds in an ovine preclinical model of knee osteochondral defects. Moreover this procedure was further tested using ex vivo expanded autologous chondrocytes derived from cartilaginous tissue, which were loaded in PLGA scaffolds and their potential to generate hyaline cartilage was evaluated. All scaffolds were successfully implanted arthroscopically and the clinical evolution of the animals was followed by non invasive MRI techniques, similar to the standard in human clinical practice. No clinical complications occurred after the transplantation procedures in any of the animals. Interestingly, the macroscopic evaluation demonstrated significant improvement after treatment with scaffolds loaded with cells compared to untreated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fonseca
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Àrea de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinària, Edifici V, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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In vitro biodegradability and surface properties of block copoly(ester-ether)s consisting of poly(L-lactide)and polyether. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Izadifar Z, Chen X, Kulyk W. Strategic design and fabrication of engineered scaffolds for articular cartilage repair. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:799-838. [PMID: 24955748 PMCID: PMC4030923 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to articular cartilage can eventually lead to osteoarthritis (OA), a debilitating, degenerative joint disease that affects millions of people around the world. The limited natural healing ability of cartilage and the limitations of currently available therapies make treatment of cartilage defects a challenging clinical issue. Hopes have been raised for the repair of articular cartilage with the help of supportive structures, called scaffolds, created through tissue engineering (TE). Over the past two decades, different designs and fabrication techniques have been investigated for developing TE scaffolds suitable for the construction of transplantable artificial cartilage tissue substitutes. Advances in fabrication technologies now enable the strategic design of scaffolds with complex, biomimetic structures and properties. In particular, scaffolds with hybrid and/or biomimetic zonal designs have recently been developed for cartilage tissue engineering applications. This paper reviews critical aspects of the design of engineered scaffolds for articular cartilage repair as well as the available advanced fabrication techniques. In addition, recent studies on the design of hybrid and zonal scaffolds for use in cartilage tissue repair are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon SK S7N5A9, Canada.
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon SK S7N5A9, Canada.
| | - William Kulyk
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd., Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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LeBlon CE, Pai R, Fodor CR, Golding AS, Coulter JP, Jedlicka SS. In vitrocomparative biodegradation analysis of salt-leached porous polymer scaffolds. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Asawa Y, Sakamoto T, Komura M, Watanabe M, Nishizawa S, Takazawa Y, Takato T, Hoshi K. Early Stage Foreign Body Reaction against Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds Affects Tissue Regeneration during the Autologous Transplantation of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage in the Canine Model. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:1431-42. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x640574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the weak points of the present cartilage regenerative medicine, we applied a porous scaffold for the production of tissue-engineered cartilage with a greater firmness and a 3D structure. We combined the porous scaffolds with atelocollagen to retain the cells within the porous body. We conducted canine autologous chondrocyte transplants using biodegradable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) or poly-dl-lactic- co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer scaffolds, and morphologically and biochemically evaluated the time course changes of the transplants. The histological findings showed that the tissue-engineered constructs using PLLA contained abundant cartilage 1, 2, and 6 months after transplantation. However, the PLGA constructs did not possess cartilage and could not maintain their shapes. Biochemical measurement of the proteoglycan and type II collagen also supported the superiority of PLLA. The biodegradation of PLGA progressed much faster than that of PLLA, and the PLGA had almost disappeared by 2 months. The degraded products of PLGA may evoke a more severe tissue reaction at this early stage of transplantation than PLLA. The PLLA scaffolds were suitable for cartilage tissue engineering under immunocompetent conditions, because of the retarded degradation properties and the decrease in the severe tissue reactions during the early stage of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyo Asawa
- Departments of Cartilage & Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Departments of Cartilage & Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Komura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Departments of Cartilage & Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nishizawa
- Departments of Cartilage & Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takazawa
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Departments of Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Departments of Cartilage & Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Subramanian A, Vu D, Larsen GF, Lin HY. Preparation and evaluation of the electrospun chitosan/PEO fibers for potential applications in cartilage tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 16:861-73. [PMID: 16128293 DOI: 10.1163/1568562054255682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrous materials have morphological similarities to natural cartilage extracellular matrix and have been considered as candidate for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, we have evaluated a novel electrospun chitosan mat composed of oriented sub-micron fibers for its tensile property and biocompatibility with chondrocytes (cell attachment, proliferation and viability). Scanning electronic microscope images showed the fibers in the electrospun chitosan mats were indeed aligned and there was a slight cross-linking between the parent fibers. The electrospun mats have significantly higher elastic modulus (2.25 MPa) than the cast films (1.19 MPa). Viability of cells on the electrospun mat was 69% of the cells on tissue-culture polystyrene (TCP control) after three days in culture, which was slightly higher than that on the cast films (63% of the TCP control). Cells on the electrospun mat grew slowly the first week but the growth rate increased after that. By day 10, cell number on the electrospun mat was almost 82% that of TCP control, which was higher than that of cast films (56% of TCP). The electrospun chitosan mats have a higher Young's modulus (P < 0.01) than cast films and provide good chondrocyte biocompatibility. The electrospun chitosan mats, thus, have the potential to be further processed into three-dimensional scaffolds for cartilage tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Subramanian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 207 Othmer Hall, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0643, USA.
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Silva DRM, Joazeiro PP, Duek EAR, Alberto-Rincon MC. Subdermal implants of poly(L-lactic acid) with plasticizer: an ultrastructural study in rats. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 17:177-85. [PMID: 16411607 DOI: 10.1163/156856206774879018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes containing 7% triethylcitrate plasticizer were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats, and the cellular reaction was evaluated over a period of 2-180 days. The samples were processed for conventional transmission electron microscopy. Polymorphonuclear-type cells and a fibrin network were seen within membrane pores 2 days after implantation. In subsequent samples, there was cellular infiltration, which consisted mainly of fibroblasts, macrophages and multinuclear giant cells embedded in an abundant extracellular matrix containing a network of collagen fibers and blood vessels. At 90 and 180 days after implantation, a high density of voluminous phagocytic cells with a large number of endocytic polymer fragments within their cytoplasm was seen. These results show that PLLA membranes can support connective tissue proliferation and remodeling, which are important properties for successful bio-protheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R M Silva
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
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Sukarto A, Amsden BG. Low melting point amphiphilic microspheres for delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-6 and transforming growth factor-β3 in a hydrogel matrix. J Control Release 2012; 158:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Muramatsu K, Ide M, Miyawaki F. Biological Evaluation of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Using Thermoresponsive Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-Grafted Hyaluronan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2012.31001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Mesenchymal stem cells on a decellularized cartilage matrix for cartilage tissue engineering. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bichara DA, O'Sullivan NA, Pomerantseva I, Zhao X, Sundback CA, Vacanti JP, Randolph MA. The tissue-engineered auricle: past, present, and future. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 18:51-61. [PMID: 21827281 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The reconstruction, repair, and regeneration of the external auricular framework continue to be one of the greatest challenges in the field of tissue engineering. To replace like with like, we should emulate the native structure and composition of auricular cartilage by combining a suitable chondrogenic cell source with an appropriate scaffold under optimal in vitro and in vivo conditions. Due to the fact that a suitable and reliable substitute for auricular cartilage has yet to be engineered, hand-carved autologous costal cartilage grafts and ear-shaped porous polyethylene implants are the current treatment modalities for auricular reconstruction. However, over the last decade, significant advances have been made in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. A variety of scaffolds and innovative approaches have been investigated as alternatives to using autologous carved costal cartilage or porous polyethylene implants. A review of recent developments and the current state of the art and science is presented, focusing on scaffolds, cell sources, seeding densities, and mechanical characteristics of tissue-engineered auricular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Bichara
- Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Trautvetter W, Kaps C, Schmelzeisen R, Sauerbier S, Sittinger M. Tissue-engineered polymer-based periosteal bone grafts for maxillary sinus augmentation: five-year clinical results. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 69:2753-62. [PMID: 21680073 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Augmentation of the maxillary sinus with allogenic or alloplastic materials, as well as autologous bone grafts, has inherent disadvantages. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the long-term clinical repair effect of autologous periosteal bone grafts on atrophic maxillary bone. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present retrospective cohort study, augmentation of the edentulous atrophic posterior maxilla was performed using autologous tissue-engineered periosteal bone grafts based on bioresorbable polymer scaffolds and, in a 1-step procedure, simultaneous insertion of dental implants. The clinical evaluation of 10 patients was performed by radiologic assessment of bone formation, with a follow-up of 5 years. Bone formation was further documented by measuring the bone height and by histologic examination. RESULTS Excellent clinical and radiologic results were achieved as early as 4 months after transplantation of the periosteal bone grafts. The bone height remained significantly (P < .05) greater (median 14.2 mm) than the preoperative atrophic bone (median 6.9 mm) during the 5-year observation period. Histologically, the bone biopsy specimens of 2 patients obtained after 6 months showed trabecular bone with osteocytes and active osteoblasts. No signs of bone resorption, formation of connective tissue, or necrosis were seen. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the transplantation of autologous periosteal bone grafts and implantation of dental implants in a 1-step procedure is a reliable procedure that leads to bone formation in the edentulous posterior maxilla, remaining stable in the long term for a period of at least 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Trautvetter
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Department of Rheumatology, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Sosio C, Boschetti F, Mangiavini L, Scotti C, Manzotti S, Buragas MS, Biressi S, Fraschini G, Gigante A, Peretti GM. Blood exposure has a negative effect on engineered cartilage. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2011; 19:1035-42. [PMID: 20981535 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-010-1296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of different concentrations of blood on the morphological and biochemical properties of engineered cartilage. Previous studies have demonstrated a negative effect of blood on native cartilage; however, the effect of the contact of blood on engineered cartilage is unclear. METHODS Articular chondrocytes were isolated from swine joints, expanded in monolayer culture, and seeded onto collagen membranes. The seeded membranes were cultured for 3 days in the presence of different concentrations of peripheral blood. Some samples were retrieved at the end of the blood contact, others after 21 additional days of standard culture conditions, in order to investigate the "long-term effect" of the blood contact. RESULTS All seeded samples showed an increase in the weight and an evident cartilage-like matrix production. A concentration-dependent reduction in the mitochondrial activity due to blood contact was shown at the earlier culture time, followed by a partial recover at the longer culture time. CONCLUSION A blood contact of 3 days affected the chondrocytes' activity and determined a delay in the maturation of the engineered cartilage. These findings have clinical relevance, as autologous chondrocytes seeded onto biological scaffolds has become an established surgical method for articular cartilage repair. Therefore, further investigation into material sciences should be encouraged for the development of scaffold protecting the reparative cells from the blood insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sosio
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Scholten PM, Ng KW, Joh K, Serino LP, Warren RF, Torzilli PA, Maher SA. A semi-degradable composite scaffold for articular cartilage defects. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 97:8-15. [PMID: 21308980 PMCID: PMC3139701 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Few options exist to replace or repair damaged articular cartilage. The optimal solution that has been suggested is a scaffold that can carry load and integrate with surrounding tissues; but such a construct has thus far been elusive. The objectives of this study were to manufacture and characterize a nondegradable hydrated scaffold. Our hypothesis was that the polymer content of the scaffold can be used to control its mechanical properties, while an internal porous network augmented with biological agents can facilitate integration with the host tissue. Using a two-step water-in-oil emulsion process a porous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel scaffold combined with alginate microspheres was manufactured. The scaffold had a porosity of 11-30% with pore diameters of 107-187 μm, which readily allowed for movement of cells through the scaffold. Alginate microparticles were evenly distributed through the scaffold and allowed for the slow release of biological factors. The elastic modulus (Es ) and Poisson's ratio (υ), Aggregate modulus (Ha ) and dynamic modulus (ED ) of the scaffold were significantly affected by % PVA, as it varied from 10 to 20% wt/vol. Es and υ were similar to that of articular cartilage for both polymer concentrations, while Ha and ED were similar to that of cartilage only at 20% PVA. The ability to control scaffold mechanical properties, while facilitating cellular migration suggest that this scaffold is a potentially viable candidate for the functional replacement of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiwon Joh
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo P. Serino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Bhatnagar RS, Qian JJ, Wedrychowska A, Smith N. Construction of Biomimetic Environments with A Synthetic Peptide Analogue of Collagen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-530-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe flow of chemical and mechanical signals among cells, and between cells and their environment plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and morphogenesis. In tissues, type I collagen serves as the template for cell anchorage and migration, and it mediates the flux of regulatory signals via highly specific receptors. Cells respond to mechanical cues by secreting growth factors and remodeling their surrounding matrix in an exquisitely orchestrated spatial and temporal program of matrix turnover and organization. Cellular tractional forces contribute to the organization and orientation of the newly synthesized matrix, establishing the template for subsequent morphogenesis. The junction between cells and collagen plays a key role in cell differentiation, morphogenesis and tissue remodeling. An optimal biomimetic environment would emulate this pathway for the exchange of stimuli. To achieve this goal, we have constructed templates which place cells in apposition to P-15, a synthetic peptide ligand for collagen receptors. These environments prompted 3-D colony formation, induced increased osteogenic differentiation, and the deposition of highly oriented and organized matrix by human dermal and gingival fibroblasts and by osteoblast like HOS cells. These observations support our concept for biomimetic environments for tissue engineering.
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Nehrer S, Domayer S, Hirschfeld C, Stelzeneder D, Trattnig S, Dorotka R. Matrix-Associated and Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation in the Ankle: Clinical and MRI Follow-up after 2 to 11 Years. Cartilage 2011; 2:81-91. [PMID: 26069572 PMCID: PMC4300785 DOI: 10.1177/1947603510381095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) techniques may facilitate the treatment of chondral defects in talar cartilage and provide good clinical outcome in the long term. The aim of this prospective case series was to monitor the clinical outcome after autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) and MACT in the ankle to gain data on the mid-term efficacy of the procedure. METHODS Seventeen cases of talar cartilage defects were assessed with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS), a modified Cincinnati score, and a subjective ankle-hindfoot score (AHS) at a mean of 61 (24-135) months after surgery. Nine patients consented to an additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam, including T2 mapping at 3T. ACT was carried out with a periosteal flap (4 cases) or with a matrix-assisted ACT technique (Hyalograft C; 13 cases). RESULTS Significant improvement was found in all cases. The AOFAS improved from 50.0 to 87.3, the AHS from 43.8 to 84.1, and the modified Cincinnati score from 2.9 to 6.9. MRI data demonstrated good defect filling, and T2 mapping results indicated that the collagen and water content of the repair tissue was comparable to adjacent cartilage. DISCUSSION MACT and ACT in the ankle can provide good and excellent long-term outcome and resulted in repair tissue with T2 properties similar to native cartilage in the majority of cases. Matrix-assisted implantation with the hyaluronan matrix allows for a less invasive surgical procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4; prospective case series study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nehrer
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Danube University of Krems, Austria
| | - S.E. Domayer
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,MR Centre of Excellence, Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - David Stelzeneder
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,MR Centre of Excellence, Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- MR Centre of Excellence, Department of Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Dorotka
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Orthopedic City Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Ronald Dorotka, Orthopedic City Center Vienna, Dominikanerbastei 3, Vienna 1010, Austria
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Shim IK, Jung MR, Kim KH, Seol YJ, Park YJ, Park WH, Lee SJ. Novel three-dimensional scaffolds of poly(L-lactic acid) microfibers using electrospinning and mechanical expansion: Fabrication and bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 95:150-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Domayer S, Welsch G, Nehrer S, Chiari C, Dorotka R, Szomolanyi P, Mamisch T, Yayon A, Trattnig S. T2 mapping and dGEMRIC after autologous chondrocyte implantation with a fibrin-based scaffold in the knee: Preliminary results. Eur J Radiol 2010; 73:636-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Honda MJ, Tsuchiya S, Shinohara Y, Shinmura Y, Sumita Y. Recent advances in engineering of tooth and tooth structures using postnatal dental cells. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Gredes T, Kunert-Keil C, Dominiak M, Gedrange T, Wróbel-Kwiatkowska M, Szopa J. The influence of biocomposites containing genetically modified flax fibers on gene expression in rat skeletal muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 55:323-9. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2010.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Seda Tigli R, Ghosh S, Laha MM, Shevde NK, Daheron L, Gimble J, Gümüşderelioglu M, Kaplan DL. Comparative chondrogenesis of human cell sources in 3D scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2009; 3:348-60. [PMID: 19382119 DOI: 10.1002/term.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue can be engineered by starting from a diversity of cell sources, including stem-cell based and primary cell-based platforms. Selecting an appropriate cell source for the process of cartilage tissue engineering or repair is critical and challenging, due to the variety of cell options available. In this study, cellular responses of isolated human chondrocytes, human embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from three sources, human embryonic stem cells, bone marrow and adipose tissue, were assessed for chondrogenic potential in 3D culture. All cell sources were characterized by FACS analysis to compare expression of some surface markers. The cells were differentiated in two different biomaterial matrices, silk and chitosan scaffolds, in the presence and absence of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), along with the standard chondrogenic differentiating factors. Embryonic stem cells-derived MSCs showed unique characteristics, with preserved chondrogenic phenotype in both scaffolds with regard to chondrogenesis, as determined by real time RT-PCR, histological and microscopical analyses. After 4 weeks of cultivation, embryonic stem cells-derived MSCs were promising for chondrogenesis, particularly in the silk scaffolds with BMP6. The results suggest that cell source differences are important to consider with regard to chondrogenic outcomes, and among the variables addressed here the human embryonic stem cells-derived MSCs were the preferred cell source.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Seda Tigli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Tığlı RS, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Chondrogenesis on BMP-6 loaded chitosan scaffolds in stationary and dynamic cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 104:601-10. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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