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Liu Z, Wang R, Liu W, Liu Y, Feng X, Zhao F, Chen P, Shao L, Rong M. Recent advances in the application and biological mechanism of silicon nitride osteogenic properties: a review. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7003-7017. [PMID: 37718623 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nitride, an emerging bioceramic material, is highly sought after in the biomedical industry due to its osteogenesis-promoting properties, which are a result of its unique surface chemistry and excellent mechanical properties. Currently, it is used in clinics as an orthopedic implant material. The osteogenesis-promoting properties of silicon nitride are manifested in its contribution to the formation of a local osteogenic microenvironment, wherein silicon nitride and its hydrolysis products influence osteogenesis by modulating the biological behaviors of the constituents of the osteogenic microenvironment. In particular, silicon nitride regulates redox signaling, cellular autophagy, glycolysis, and bone mineralization in cells involved in bone formation via several mechanisms. Moreover, it may also promote osteogenesis by influencing immune regulation and angiogenesis. In addition, the wettability, surface morphology, and charge of silicon nitride play crucial roles in regulating its osteogenesis-promoting properties. However, as a bioceramic material, the molding process of silicon nitride needs to be optimized, and its osteogenic mechanism must be further investigated. Herein, we summarize the impact of the molding process of silicon nitride on its osteogenic properties and clinical applications. In addition, the mechanisms of silicon nitride in promoting osteogenesis are discussed, followed by a summary of the current gaps in silicon nitride mechanism research. This review, therefore, aims to provide novel ideas for the future development and applications of silicon nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Yushan Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Pei Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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Badran Z, Struillou X, Hughes FJ, Soueidan A, Hoornaert A, Ide M. Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) Implants: The Future of Dental Implantology? J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2017; 43:240-244. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-16-00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For decades titanium has been the preferred material for dental implant fabrication, with mechanical and biological performance resulting in high clinical success rates. These have been further enhanced by incremental development of surface modifications aimed at improving speed and degree of osseointegration and resulting in enhanced clinical treatment options and outcomes. However, increasing demand for metal-free dental restorations has also led to the development of ceramic-based dental implants, such as zirconia. In orthopedics, alternative biomaterials, such as polyetheretherketone or silicon nitride, have been used for implant applications. The latter is potentially of particular interest for oral use as it has been shown to have antibacterial properties. In this article we aim to shed light on this particular biomaterial as a future promising candidate for dental implantology applications, addressing basic specifications required for any dental implant material. In view of available preclinical data, silicon nitride seems to have the essential characteristics to be a candidate for dental implants material. This novel ceramic has a surface with potentially antimicrobial properties, and if this is confirmed in future research, it could be of great interest for oral use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahi Badran
- Department of Periodontology, Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Nantes, France
- Department of Oral Implantology, CHU-Faculty of Dental Surgery, Nantes, France
- Unit of Periodontology, Dental Institute, King's College, London, UK
| | - Xavier Struillou
- Department of Periodontology, Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Nantes, France
- Department of Oral Implantology, CHU-Faculty of Dental Surgery, Nantes, France
| | - Francis J Hughes
- Unit of Periodontology, Dental Institute, King's College, London, UK
| | - Assem Soueidan
- Department of Periodontology, Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Hoornaert
- Department of Periodontology, Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Nantes, France
- Department of Oral Implantology, CHU-Faculty of Dental Surgery, Nantes, France
| | - Mark Ide
- Unit of Periodontology, Dental Institute, King's College, London, UK
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Abstract
This chapter examines the importance of surface characteristics such as microstructure, composition, crystallographic texture, and surface free energy in achieving desired biocompatibility and tribological properties thereby improving in vivo life of artificial articulating implants. Current implants often fail prematurely due to inadequate mechanical, tribological, biocompatibility, and osseointegration properties, apart from issues related to design and surgical procedures. For long-term in vivo stability, artificial implants intended for articulating joint replacement must exhibit long-term stable articulation surface without stimulating undesirable in vivo effects. Since the implant's surface plays a vital and decisive role in their response to biological environment, and vice versa, surface modification of implants assumes a significant importance. Therefore, overview on important surface modification techniques, their capabilities, properties of modified surfaces/implants are presented in the chapter. The clinical performance of surface modified implants and new surfaces for potential next-generation articulating implant applications are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitun Das
- CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, India
| | - Someswar Datta
- CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, India
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Sumanasinghe RD, Pfeiler TW, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Loboa EG. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines by human mesenchymal stem cells in response to cyclic tensile strain. J Cell Physiol 2009; 219:77-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Bal BS, Khandkar A, Lakshminarayanan R, Clarke I, Hoffman AA, Rahaman MN. Fabrication and testing of silicon nitride bearings in total hip arthroplasty: winner of the 2007 "HAP" PAUL Award. J Arthroplasty 2009; 24:110-6. [PMID: 18534403 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2008.01.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) bearings were fabricated from silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) powder. Mechanical testing showed that Si(3)N(4) had improved fracture toughness and fracture strength over modern alumina (Al(2)O(3)) ceramic. When tested with Si(3)N(4) cups in a hip simulator, both cobalt-chromium (CoCr) and Si(3)N(4) femoral heads produced low wear rates that were comparable to Al(2)O(3)-Al(2)O(3) bearings in THA. This study offers experimental support for a novel metal-ceramic THA bearing couple that combines the reliability of CoCr femoral heads with the wear advantages of ceramic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sonny Bal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Bal BS, Khandkar A, Lakshminarayanan R, Clarke I, Hoffman AA, Rahaman MN. Testing of silicon nitride ceramic bearings for total hip arthroplasty. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 87:447-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mazzocchi M, Bellosi A. On the possibility of silicon nitride as a ceramic for structural orthopaedic implants. Part I: processing, microstructure, mechanical properties, cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:2881-2887. [PMID: 18347952 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the good combination of mechanical and tribological properties, the suitability of silicon nitride for application as prosthesis in bone reconstruction or in articular joints replacements is still controversial. This study aims to design and produce three different silicon nitride-based ceramics and to test the materials. In this Part I the microstructure and mechanical properties evidence outstanding characteristics and the cytotoxicity studies confirm that all the materials are extremely inert and biocompatible. In Part II, the wear performance and the wettability and chemical stability against different aqueous media and physiological solutions are investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mazzocchi
- Institute for Sciences and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Via Granarolo, n.64, Faenza, Ravenna 48018, Italy.
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Mazzocchi M, Gardini D, Traverso PL, Faga MG, Bellosi A. On the possibility of silicon nitride as a ceramic for structural orthopaedic implants. Part II: chemical stability and wear resistance in body environment. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:2889-2901. [PMID: 18415002 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In Part I, the processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of three silicon nitride-based ceramics were examined and their non-toxicity was demonstrated. In this Part II, some features critical to biomedical applications were investigated: (i) the wetting behaviour against aqueous media, including physiological solutions; (ii) the chemical stability in water and in physiological solutions; and (iii) the wear resistance, measured under experimental procedures that simulate the conditions typical of the hip joint prosthesis. The results confirmed that silicon nitride may serve as a biomaterial for bone substitution in load bearing prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mazzocchi
- Institute for Sciences and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Via Granarolo, n.64, Faenza, Ravenna 48018, Italy.
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Gustavsson J, Altankov G, Errachid A, Samitier J, Planell JA, Engel E. Surface modifications of silicon nitride for cellular biosensor applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:1839-1850. [PMID: 18219554 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of silicon nitride (Si3N4) can be used in several kinds of micro-sized biosensors as a material to monitor fine environmental changes related to the process of bone formation in vitro. We found however that Si3N4 does not provide optimal conditions for osseointegration as osteoblast-like MG-63 cells tend to detach from the surface when cultured over confluence. Therefore Si3N4 was modified with self-assembled monolayers bearing functional end groups of primary amine (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH) respectively. Both these modifications enhanced the interaction with confluent cell layers and thus improve osseointegration over Si3N4. Furthermore it was observed that the NH2 functionality increased the adsorption of fibronectin (FN), promoted cell proliferation, but delayed the differentiation. We also studied the fate of pre-adsorbed and secreted FN from cells to learn more about the impact of above functionalities for the development of provisional extracellular matrix on materials interface. Taken together our data supports that Si3N4 has low tissue integration but good cellular biocompatibility and thus is appropriate in cellular biosensor applications such as the ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET). COOH and NH2 chemistries generally improve the interfacial tissue interaction with the sensor and they are therefore suitable substrates for monitoring cellular growth or matrix deposition using electrical impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Gustavsson
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Avda. Diagonal 647, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Abstract
Bearings made of ceramics have ultra-low wear properties that make them suitable for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). When compared to cobalt chrome (CoCr)-on-polyethylene (PE) articulations, ceramics offer drastic reductions in bearing wear rates. Lower wear rates result in fewer wear particles produced by the articulating surfaces. In theory, this should reduce the risk of periprosthetic osteolysis and premature implant loosening, thereby contributing to the longevity of total joints. In addition to ceramics, other alternative bearing couples, such as highly cross-linked PE (XLPE) and metal-on-metal also offer less wear than CoCr-on-PE articulations in total joint arthroplasty. Alumina and zirconia ceramics are familiar to orthopaedic surgeons since both materials have been used in total joints for several decades. While not new in Europe, alumina-on-alumina ceramic total hips have only recently become available for widespread use in the United States from various orthopaedic implant manufacturers. As the search for the ideal total joint bearing material continues, composite materials of existing ceramics, metal-on-ceramic articulations, and new ceramic technologies will offer more choices to the arthroplasty surgeon. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of material properties, clinical applications, evolution, and limitations of ceramic materials that are of interest to the arthroplasty surgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Bal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Polyetherimide membrane formation by the cononsolvent system and its biocompatibility of MG63 cell line. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Au A, Ha J, Hernandez M, Polotsky A, Hungerford DS, Frondoza CG. Nickel and vanadium metal ions induce apoptosis of T-lymphocyte Jurkat cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:512-21. [PMID: 16788973 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metal alloys are used as prosthetic components in the orthopaedic and dental field. However, there is growing concern over the reported leaching of metal ions from implants. Ions released from metals have been thought to be associated with local immune dysfunction, inflammation, and tissue cell death. The objective of our study was to investigate whether nickel(II) and vanadium(V), present at a smaller percentage in most alloys, are cytotoxic to T-lymphocyte cell models. Jurkat T cells possess characteristics similar to human T-lymphocytes and proliferate at a faster rate. Jurkat T cells were incubated with control media alone or with concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 microg/mL of Ni(II) or V(V) for 24 h. Both types of metal ions reduced cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Ni(II) at 10 microg/mL and V(V) at 100 microg/mL activated Caspase-3 expression. Hoechst 33258 staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed chromatin condensation, as well as nuclear blebbing and fragmentation. Induction of DNA fragmentation by Ni(II) at 100 microg/mL was also indicated by agarose electrophoresis. Our observations indicate that Ni and V ions kill T cells via apoptotic and nonapoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Au
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 5601 Loch Raven Blvd., Baltimore, Maryland 21239, USA
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Ma SH, Lepak LA, Hussain RJ, Shain W, Shuler ML. An endothelial and astrocyte co-culture model of the blood-brain barrier utilizing an ultra-thin, nanofabricated silicon nitride membrane. LAB ON A CHIP 2005; 5:74-85. [PMID: 15616743 DOI: 10.1039/b405713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial cells comprising brain capillaries have extremely tight intercellular junctions which form an essentially impermeable barrier to passive transport of water soluble molecules between the blood and brain. Several in vitro models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been studied, most utilizing commercially available polymer membranes affixed to plastic inserts. There is mounting evidence that direct contact between endothelial cells and astrocytes, another cell type found to have intimate interaction with the brain side of BBB capillaries, is at least partially responsible for the development of the tight intercellular junctions between BBB endothelial cells. However, the membranes commonly used for BBB in vitro models are lacking certain attributes that would permit a high degree of direct contact between astrocytes and endothelial cells cultured on opposing sides. This work is based on the hypothesis that co-culturing endothelial and astrocyte cells on opposite sides of an ultra-thin, highly porous membrane will allow for increased direct interaction between the two cell types and therefore result in a better model of the BBB. We used standard nanofabrication techniques to make membranes from low-stress silicon nitride that are at least an order of magnitude thinner and at least two times more porous than commercial membrane inserts. An experimental survey of pore sizes for the silicon nitride membranes suggested pores approximately 400 nm in diameter are adequate for restricting astrocyte cell bodies to the seeded side while allowing astrocyte processes to pass through the pores and interact with endothelial cells on the opposite side. The inclusion of a spun-on, cross-linked collagen membrane allowed for astrocyte attachment and culture on the membranes for over two weeks. Astrocytes and endothelial cells displayed markers specific to their cell types when grown on the silicon nitride membranes. The transendothelial electrical resistances, a measure of barrier tightness, of endothelial and astrocyte co-cultures on the silicon nitride membranes were comparable to the commercial membranes, but neither system showed synergy between the two cell types in forming a tighter barrier. This lack of synergy may have been due to the loss of ability of commercially available primary bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells to respond to astrocyte differentiating signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Harris Ma
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 270 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Frondoza CG, Sohrabi A, Polotsky A, Phan PV, Hungerford DS, Lindmark L. An in vitro screening assay for inhibitors of proinflammatory mediators in herbal extracts using human synoviocyte cultures. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2004; 40:95-101. [PMID: 15311968 DOI: 10.1290/1543-706x(2004)040<0095:aivsaf>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and prostaglandin (PG)E-2 play a critical role in the pathophysiology of arthritis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates induction of other cytokines, COX-2, PGs, and metalloproteinases, which leads to cartilage degradation. We developed an in vitro human synoviocyte assay system for screening inhibitors of proinflammatory mediators in herbal extracts. Synoviocytes (5 x 10(5) cells/well) obtained during primary knee replacement from osteoarthritic patients were incubated with: control media alone or ginger extract (hydroxy-methoxy-phenyl compounds [HAPC]: EV.EXT 77), 1 h before activation with 1 ng/ml TNF-alpha, 10 ng/ml interleukin-1beta, or control media alone at 5% carbon dioxide, 37 degrees C. Cell viability, TNF-alpha, COX-2, PGE-2, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and inhibitory subunit I kappa B-alpha (IkappaB-alpha) expression were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and Western blots. Ginger extract-HAPC (100 microg/ml) significantly inhibited the activation of TNF-alpha and COX-2 expression in human synoviocytes as well as suppressed production of TNF-alpha and PGE-2. Inhibition of TNF-alpha and COX-2 activation was accompanied by suppression of NF-kappaB and IkappaB-alpha induction. Using our in vitro assay, we discovered that the ginger extract blocks activation of proinflammatory mediators and its transcriptional regulator suggesting its mode of action. These observations indicate that ginger extract-HAPC offers a complementary and alternative approach to modulate the inflammatory process involved in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelita G Frondoza
- Division of Arthritis Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Wang JH, Wei CW, Liu HC, Young TH. Behavior of MG-63 cells on nylon/chitosan-blended membranes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 64:606-15. [PMID: 12601771 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the properties of nylon, chitosan, and their blended membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis. The SEM photographs show that the undulating surface of the nylon membrane became less obvious by blending with chitosan. The DSC and X-ray diffraction analysis show that constitutionally different features in the combination of two polymer chains were revealed, suggesting that nylon and chitosan are immiscible at the microscopic level in the blended membranes. Furthermore, an attempt was made to understand whether the two components contribute independently to the adhesion, growth, and activation of MG-63 osteoblastlike cells. The cell adhesion increased with increasing chitosan content, indicating that the affinity between the cells and the membranes increased with increasing chitosan content. Although the blended membranes with higher nylon content exerted an inhibitory effect on cell adhesion, cells cultured on the nylon membrane proliferated at higher rates and the nylon membrane was the least stimulating of MG-63 cell cytokine production over a 4-day period when compared with all the other membranes. Combined with the result of cell growth and cell activation, the chitosan content in the blended membrane did not proportionally influence the behavior of MG-63 cells. It is proposed that cell's size was larger than the scale of nylon or chitosan domain in the blended membranes because of the incomplete miscibility between them. Therefore, even if the composition of the blended membranes is systematically changed, every cell covers a multiphase surface that is considered a totally new material for cells. Consequently, cell growth and cell activation on a blended membrane are not simply proportional to their composition. In contrast, cell adhesion is a simpler process, like a physical adsorption process, which is related to the bulk property of a blended membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Horng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Phan PV, Grzanna M, Chu J, Polotsky A, el-Ghannam A, Van Heerden D, Hungerford DS, Frondoza CG. The effect of silica-containing calcium-phosphate particles on human osteoblastsin vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 67:1001-8. [PMID: 14613250 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing need for more effective and less costly bone substitutes. It has previously been proposed that silica-containing bioactive glass would be more effective as a bone repair material because of its physiochemical properties. Three newly synthesized silica-containing bioactive glass formulations, HA-31 (25%), HA-11 (50%), and HA-13 (75%), were tested as biocompatible substrates for the continued proliferation and phenotype expression of human bone cells in vitro. Two currently available bioactive glasses (BioGlass(R), Hydroxyapatite) served as comparisons. The biocompatibility of these bioglasses, as well as their osteoconductive properties, was assessed by employing primary cultures of human osteoblasts and human synoviocytes for 4 days. The results obtained demonstrated that the three new bioglasses enhanced the proliferative response of osteoblasts compared with osteoblasts cultured alone. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that osteoblasts retained their phenotypic expression by continued expression of collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase. The newly synthesized preparations of silica-containing bioactive glass did not induce stimulation of proinflammatory markers iNOS and IL-1beta in synoviocytes. In conclusion, the newly synthesized silica-containing bioactive glasses are biocompatible substrate for bone-forming osteoblasts. However, the formulations tested did not show significant advantage over the currently available bioactive glasses in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong V Phan
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Arthritis Surgery, The Good Samaritan Hospital, 5601 Loch Raven Blvd., Baltimore, Maryland 21239, USA
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Kotzar G, Freas M, Abel P, Fleischman A, Roy S, Zorman C, Moran JM, Melzak J. Evaluation of MEMS materials of construction for implantable medical devices. Biomaterials 2002; 23:2737-50. [PMID: 12059024 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Medical devices based on microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) platforms are currently being proposed for a wide variety of implantable applications. However, biocompatibility data for typical MEMS materials of construction and processing, obtained from standard tests currently recognized by regulatory agencies, has not been published. Likewise, the effects of common sterilization techniques on MEMS material properties have not been reported. Medical device regulatory requirements dictate that materials that are biocompatibility tested be processed and sterilized in a manner equivalent to the final production device. Material, processing, and sterilization method can impact the final result. Six candidate materials for implantable MEMS devices, and one encapsulating material, were fabricated using typical MEMS processing techniques and sterilized. All seven materials were evaluated using a baseline battery of ISO 10993 physicochemical and biocompatibility tests. In addition, samples of these materials were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) pre- and post-sterilization. While not addressing all facets of ISO 10993 testing, the biocompatibility and SEM data indicate few concerns about use of these materials in implant applications.
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Lin DT, Young TH, Fang Y. Studies on the effect of surface properties on the biocompatibility of polyurethane membranes. Biomaterials 2001; 22:1521-9. [PMID: 11374451 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To study the effect of surface properties on the biocompatibility of biomaterials based on the same material, polyurethane membranes with different surface properties were prepared. Myoblast culture and interleukin-1 (IL-1) generation in an air pouch model and in vitro monocyte culture were used to examine biocompatibility of different polyurethane membranes. Polyurethane membranes were found to exhibit significant differences depending on their surface properties prepared by different fabrication processes. When myoblasts were cultured on polyurethane surfaces, the smooth and hydrophobic membrane (F1), prepared by the solvent evaporation process, showed the greatest inhibition of myoblast adhesion compared with other porous and hydrophilic membranes (F2, F3 and F4), prepared by immersing the polymer solution into a precipitation bath. In contrast, IL-1 generation by monocytes/macrophages on the membrane F1 was more severe than those on the porous and hydrophilic membranes. Based on our results, the interaction of biomaterials with various cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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