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Engineered mutations in fibrillin-1 leading to Marfan syndrome act at the protein, cellular and organismal levels. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 765:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Franken R, Heesterbeek TJ, de Waard V, Zwinderman AH, Pals G, Mulder BJM, Groenink M. Diagnosis and genetics of Marfan syndrome. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2014. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2014.950223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Teixeira LVS, Lezirovitz K, Mandelbaum KL, Pereira LV, Perez ABA. Candidate gene linkage analysis indicates genetic heterogeneity in Marfan syndrome. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:793-800. [PMID: 21789464 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disease of the connective tissue that affects the ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular systems, with a wide clinical variability. Although mutations in the FBN1 gene have been recognized as the cause of the disease, more recently other loci have been associated with MFS, indicating the genetic heterogeneity of this disease. We addressed the issue of genetic heterogeneity in MFS by performing linkage analysis of the FBN1 and TGFBR2 genes in 34 families (345 subjects) who met the clinical diagnostic criteria for the disease according to Ghent. Using a total of six microsatellite markers, we found that linkage with the FBN1 gene was observed or not excluded in 70.6% (24/34) of the families, and in 1 family the MFS phenotype segregated with the TGFBR2 gene. Moreover, in 4 families linkage with the FBN1 and TGFBR2 genes was excluded, and no mutations were identified in the coding region of TGFBR1, indicating the existence of other genes involved in MFS. Our results suggest that the genetic heterogeneity of MFS may be greater that previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V S Teixeira
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociência, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo
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Kirschner R, Hubmacher D, Iyengar G, Kaur J, Fagotto-Kaufmann C, Brömme D, Bartels R, Reinhardt DP. Classical and neonatal Marfan syndrome mutations in fibrillin-1 cause differential protease susceptibilities and protein function. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:32810-23. [PMID: 21784848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.221804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in fibrillin-1 give rise to Marfan syndrome (MFS) characterized by vascular, skeletal, and ocular abnormalities. Fibrillins form the backbone of extracellular matrix microfibrils in tissues including blood vessels, bone, and skin. They are crucial for regulating elastic fiber biogenesis and growth factor bioavailability. To compare the molecular consequences of mutations causing the severe neonatal MFS with mutations causing the milder classical MFS, we introduced representative point mutations from each group in a recombinant human fibrillin-1 fragment. Structural effects were analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy and analytical gel filtration chromatography. Proteolytic susceptibility was probed with non-physiological and physiological proteases, including plasmin, thrombin, matrix metalloproteinases, and cathepsins. All mutant proteins showed a similar gross secondary structure and no differences in heat stability as compared with the wild-type protein. Proteins harboring neonatal mutations were typically more susceptible to proteolytic cleavage compared with those with classical mutations and the wild-type protein. Proteolytic neo-cleavage sites were found both in close proximity and distant to the mutations, indicating small but significant structural changes exposing cryptic cleavage sites. We also report for the first time that cathepsin K and V cleave non-mutated fibrillin-1 at several domain boundaries. Compared with the classical mutations and the wild type, the group of neonatal mutations more severely affected the ability of fibrillin-1 to interact with heparin/heparan sulfate, which plays a role in microfibril assembly. These results suggest differential molecular pathogenetic concepts for neonatal and classical MFS including enhanced proteolytic susceptibility for physiologically relevant enzymes and loss of function for heparin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kirschner
- Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B2, Canada
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Yoo EH, Woo H, Ki CS, Lee HJ, Kim DK, Kang IS, Park P, Sung K, Lee CS, Chung TY, Moon JR, Han H, Lee ST, Kim JW. Clinical and genetic analysis of Korean patients with Marfan syndrome: possible ethnic differences in clinical manifestation. Clin Genet 2010; 77:177-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. Majority of genes and their protein products responsible for the dystrophies have been identified in recent years. Using molecular studies, now it is possible to establish a precise diagnosis, provide prognosis, detect preclinical cases, identify carriers, and offer prenatal diagnostic testing. Molecular genetic approaches also seem to offer the best prospect for developing effective treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Mukherjee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
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Robinson PN, Booms P, Katzke S, Ladewig M, Neumann L, Palz M, Pregla R, Tiecke F, Rosenberg T. Mutations of FBN1 and genotype-phenotype correlations in Marfan syndrome and related fibrillinopathies. Hum Mutat 2002; 20:153-61. [PMID: 12203987 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a pleiotropic, autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue with highly variable clinical manifestations including aortic dilatation and dissection, ectopia lentis, and a series of skeletal anomalies. Mutations in the gene for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) cause MFS, and at least 337 mainly unique mutations have been published to date. FBN1 mutations have been found not only in MFS but also in a range of connective tissue disorders collectively termed fibrillinopathies ranging from mild phenotypes, such as isolated ectopia lentis, to severe disorders including neonatal MFS, which generally leads to death within the first two years of life. The present article intends to provide an overview of mutations found in MFS and related disorders and to discuss potential genotype-phenotype correlations in MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Robinson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Department of General Pediatrics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
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Katzke S, Booms P, Tiecke F, Palz M, Pletschacher A, Türkmen S, Neumann LM, Pregla R, Leitner C, Schramm C, Lorenz P, Hagemeier C, Fuchs J, Skovby F, Rosenberg T, Robinson PN. TGGE screening of the entire FBN1 coding sequence in 126 individuals with marfan syndrome and related fibrillinopathies. Hum Mutat 2002; 20:197-208. [PMID: 12203992 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) cause Marfan syndrome (MFS), an autosomal dominant heritable disorder of connective tissue with prominent manifestations in the skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular system. FBN1 mutations have also been identified in a series of related disorders of connective tissue collectively termed type-1 fibrillinopathies. We have developed temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) assays for all 65 FBN1 exons, screened 126 individuals with MFS, other type-1 fibrillinopathies, and other potentially related disorders of connective tissue for FBN1 mutations, and identified a total of 53 mutations, of which 33 are described here for the first time. Several mutations were identified in individuals with fibrillinopathies other than classic Marfan syndrome, including aneurysm of the ascending aorta with only minor skeletal anomalies, and several individuals with only skeletal and ocular involvement. The mutation detection rate in this study was 42% overall, but was only 12% in individuals not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for MFS, suggesting that clinical overdiagnosis is one reason for the low detection rate observed for FBN1 mutation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Katzke
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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Palz M, Tiecke F, Booms P, Göldner B, Rosenberg T, Fuchs J, Skovby F, Schumacher H, Kaufmann UC, von Kodolitsch Y, Nienaber CA, Leitner C, Katzke S, Vetter B, Hagemeier C, Robinson PN. Clustering of mutations associated with mild Marfan-like phenotypes in the 3' region of FBN1 suggests a potential genotype-phenotype correlation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 91:212-21. [PMID: 10756346 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000320)91:3<212::aid-ajmg12>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) cause Marfan syndrome, a dominantly inherited disorder of connective tissue that primarily involves the cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal systems. There is a remarkable degree of variability both within and between families with Marfan syndrome, and FBN1 mutations have also been found in a range of other related connective tissue disorders collectively termed type-1 fibrillinopathies. FBN1 mutations have been found in almost all of the 65 exons of the FBN1 gene and for the most part have been unique to one affected patient or family. Aside from the "hot spots" for the neonatal Marfan syndrome in exons 24-27 and 31-32, genotype-phenotype correlations have been slow to emerge. Here we present the results of temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of FBN1 exons 59-65. Six mutations were identified, only one of which had been previously reported. Two of the six mutations were found in patients with mild phenotypes. Taken together with other published reports, our results suggest that a sizable subset (ca. 40%) of mutations in this region is associated with mild phenotypes characterized by the lack of significant aortic pathology, compared with about 7% in the rest of the gene. In two cases, mutations affecting analogous positions within one of the 43 cbEGF modules of FBN1 are associated with mild phenotypes when found in one of the 6 C-terminal modules (encoded by exons 59-63), but are associated with classic or severe phenotypes when found in cbEGF modules elsewhere in the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palz
- Laboratory of Pediatric Molecular Biology, Department of General Pediatrics, Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Yuan B, Thomas JP, von Kodolitsch Y, Pyeritz RE. Comparison of heteroduplex analysis, direct sequencing, and enzyme mismatch cleavage for detecting mutations in a large gene, FBN1. Hum Mutat 1999; 14:440-6. [PMID: 10533071 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(199911)14:5<440::aid-humu11>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of large genes for mutations of clinical relevance is complicated by intragenic heterogeneity, sensitivity, and cost of the methods available, and in the case of many conditions, specificity of the genetic alterations detected. We examined the FBN1 gene for mutations in people who had Marfan syndrome using three methods: single-chain polymorphism analysis (SSCP) with heteroduplex (HA) analysis, enzyme-mediated cleavage (EMC) of heteroduplexes, and direct sequencing. We also used these methods to search for mutations in the P53 gene in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The results showed that EMC was most efficient for detecting mutations. However, the cost favored SSCP with heteroduplex analysis, provided conditions did not need to be optimized to detect a mutation. Until more cost-effective and sensitive methods are developed to detect unknown mutations in large genes, diagnosis of many genetic disorders will depend on the willingness of an investigator who is studying a particular disorder to perform clinical molecular testing and have the laboratory accredited.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yuan
- Department of Human Genetics, MCP Hahnemann School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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