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Namazi H, Heydari A. Synthesis ofβ-cyclodextrin-based dendrimer as a novel encapsulation agent. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Namazi
- Research Laboratory of Dendrimers and Biopolymers, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; PO Box 51666 Tabriz Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN); Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Abolfazl Heydari
- Research Laboratory of Dendrimers and Biopolymers, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; PO Box 51666 Tabriz Iran
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Abstract
From the authors' opinion, this chapter constitutes a modest extension of the seminal and inspiring contribution of Stowell and Lee on neoglycoconjugates published in this series [C. P. Stowell and Y. C. Lee, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 37 (1980) 225-281]. The outstanding progresses achieved since then in the field of the "glycoside cluster effect" has witnessed considerable creativity in the design and synthetic strategies toward a vast array of novel carbohydrate structures and reflects the dynamic activity in the field even since the recent chapter by the Nicotra group in this series [F. Nicotra, L. Cipolla, F. Peri, B. La Ferla, and C. Radaelli, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 61 (2007) 353-398]. Beyond the more classical neoglycoproteins and glycopolymers (not covered in this work) a wide range of unprecedented and often artistically beautiful multivalent and monodisperse nanostructures, termed glycodendrimers for the first time in 1993, has been created. This chapter briefly surveys the concept of multivalency involved in carbohydrate-protein interactions. The topic is also discussed in regard to recent steps undertaken in glycobiology toward identification of lead candidates using microarrays and modern analytical tools. A systematic description of glycocluster and glycodendrimer synthesis follows, starting from the simplest architectures and ending in the most complex ones. Presentation of multivalent glycostructures of intermediate size and comprising, calix[n]arene, porphyrin, cyclodextrin, peptide, and carbohydrate scaffolds, has also been intercalated to better appreciate the growing synthetic complexity involved. A subsection describing novel all-carbon-based glycoconjugates such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes is inserted, followed by a promising strategy involving dendrons self-assembling around metal chelates. The chapter then ends with those glycodendrimers that have been prepared using commercially available dendrimers possessing varied functionalities, or systematically synthesized using either divergent or convergent strategies.
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Niederhafner P, Reinis M, Sebestík J, Jezek J. Glycopeptide dendrimers, part III: a review. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers in immunotherapy and diagnosis of cancer and viral diseases. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:556-87. [PMID: 18275089 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycopeptide dendrimers containing different types of tumor associated-carbohydrate antigens (T(N), TF, sialyl-T(N), sialyl-TF, sialyl-Le(x), sialyl-Le(a) etc.) were used in diagnosis and therapy of different sorts of cancer. These dendrimeric structures with incorporated T-cell epitopes and adjuvants can be used as antitumor vaccines. Best results were obtained with multiantigenic vaccines, containing, e.g. five or six different TAAs. The topic of TAAs and their dendrimeric forms at molecular level are reviewed, including structure, syntheses, and biological activities. Use of glycopeptide dendrimers as antiviral vaccines against HIV and influenza is also described. Their syntheses, physico-chemical properties, and biological activities are given with many examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Niederhafner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Ozawa C, Katayama H, Hojo H, Nakahara Y, Nakahara Y. Efficient Sequential Segment Coupling Using N-Alkylcysteine-Assisted Thioesterification for Glycopeptide Dendrimer Synthesis. Org Lett 2008; 10:3531-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801340m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinatsu Ozawa
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakahara
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakahara
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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Ozawa C, Hojo H, Nakahara Y, Katayama H, Nabeshima K, Akahane T, Nakahara Y. Synthesis of glycopeptide dendrimer by a convergent method. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kantchev EAB, Chang CC, Chang DK. Direct Fmoc/tert-Bu solid phase synthesis of octamannosyl polylysine dendrimer-peptide conjugates. Biopolymers 2006; 84:232-40. [PMID: 16247759 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mannose binding proteins on the surface of the dendritic cells are responsible for capture of pathogens in the early stages of immune response. Conjugation to mannose dendrimers is a rarely explored but potentially powerful strategy for enhancing immunogenicity of synthetic peptides relying on direct delivery to dendritic cells. We describe a general protocol for preparation of pure, monodisperse third-generation mannosylated poly-L-lysine dendrimer-peptide conjugates using direct, machine-assisted Fmoc/t-Bu solid phase peptide synthesis. The glycodendrons were elaborated onto the N- or C-terminus of sequences derived from HIV-1 gp41, SARS-CoV S2 protein, and Influenza Hemagglutinin (consisting of 15-44 residues). The products were obtained in a homogeneous state after cleavage from the resin, deprotection, and a single purification on semipreparative RP-HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Assen B Kantchev
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sato K, Hada N, Takeda T. Syntheses of new peptidic glycoclusters derived from β-alanine: di- and trimerized glycoclusters and glycocluster–clusters. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:836-45. [PMID: 16530741 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-labeled glycoclusters 1 and 2 have been synthesized to elongate glycocluster units that contain beta-alanine derivative 6 and sugar unit 7. Similarly, di- and trimerized glycoclusters 3 and 4 have been obtained by coupling glycocluster 17 with succinyl chloride and/or trimesoyl chloride, respectively. Furthermore, glycocluster-cluster 5 was also synthesized by a convergent growth approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sato
- Kyoritsu University of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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Grigalevicius S, Chierici S, Renaudet O, Lo-Man R, Dériaud E, Leclerc C, Dumy P. Chemoselective Assembly and Immunological Evaluation of Multiepitopic Glycoconjugates Bearing Clustered Tn Antigen as Synthetic Anticancer Vaccines. Bioconjug Chem 2005; 16:1149-59. [PMID: 16173792 DOI: 10.1021/bc050010v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we investigated the use of regioselectively addressable functionalized templates (RAFTs) as new scaffolds for the design of anticancer vaccine candidates. We report the synthesis of well-defined multiepitopic RAFT scaffolds and their immunological evaluation. These conjugates exhibit clustered Tn analogue as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA, B-cell epitope) and the CD4+ helper T-cell peptide from the type 1 poliovirus. The saccharidic and peptidic epitopes were both synthesized separately and combined regioselectively to the RAFT core using a sequential oxime bond formation strategy. B- and T-antigenicity and immunogenicity of the vaccine candidates were investigated in vitro and in vivo. These studies clearly demonstrate that the saccharidic part of the conjugates is recognized by Tn-specific monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, the antibodies elicited by immunization of mice with our vaccine candidates recognize the native form of Tn epitope expressed on human tumor cells. Together with oxime ligation technique, these results suggest that the RAFT scaffold provides a promising and suitable tool for engineering potent synthetic anticancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulius Grigalevicius
- LEDSS UMR 5616 and ICMG-FR2607, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Al-Hamra M, Ghaddar TH. Facile synthesis of poly-(l-lysine) dendrimers with a pentaaminecobalt(III) complex at the core. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Katajisto J, Lönnberg H. Solid-Phase Synthesis of CyclicC-Glycoside/Amino Acid Hybrids by Carbamate Coupling Chemistry and On-Support Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Katajisto J, Virta P, Lönnberg H. Solid-phase synthesis of multiantennary oligonucleotide glycoconjugates utilizing on-support oximation. Bioconjug Chem 2005; 15:890-6. [PMID: 15264878 DOI: 10.1021/bc049955n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for preparation of multivalent oligonucleotide glycoconjugates on a solid support has been described. A pentaerythritol-based phosphoramidite (1) bearing two masked aminooxy groups has been used as the key building block. After conventional chain assembly, the aminooxy functions have been deblocked by a hydrazinium acetate treatment and subsequently oximated with fully acetylated 4-oxobutyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside. The conjugates obtained have been shown to withstand standard ammonolytic deprotection and cleavage from the support. Four different oligonucleotide glycoconjugates containing two, four, or six alpha-D-mannopyranosyl units (12-15) have been prepared to demonstrate the applicability of the procedure. The glycosyl residues only moderately retards hybridization of the oligonucleotide moiety.
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Katajisto J, Heinonen P, Lönnberg H. Solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotide glycoconjugates bearing three different glycosyl groups: orthogonally protected bis(hydroxymethyl)-N,N'-bis(3-hydroxypropyl)malondiamide phosphoramidite as key building block. J Org Chem 2004; 69:7609-15. [PMID: 15497988 DOI: 10.1021/jo048984o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diethyl O,O'-(methoxymethylene)bis(hydroxymethyl)malonate (3) was observed to undergo a stepwise aminolysis when treated with 3-aminopropanol. This allowed convenient preparation of bis(hydroxymethyl)-N,N'-bis(3-hydroxypropyl)malondiamide bearing orthogonal levulinyl (Lev) and tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) protections at the two N-hydroxypropyl groups (8). One of the hydroxylmethyl functions was then protected with a 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) group, and the other one was phosphitylated to obtain a methyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (1). This building block was used for the synthesis of oligonucleotide glycoconjugates (25 and 26) carrying three different sugar units. After conventional phosphoramidite chain assembly of the sequence containing 1, the 5'-terminal DMTr group was removed and an appropriate glycosyl 6-O-phosphoramidite was coupled. The remaining protections of the branching unit were removed in the order of Lev and TBDPS, and the exposed hydroxyl functions were reacted one after another with the desired glycosyl 6-O-phosphoramidites. Global deprotection and cleavage of the conjugate from the support were achieved by conventional ammonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Katajisto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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P V, J J, T T, J V. Molecular Dynamics Study of the Effect of the γ-Abu Insert on the Conformational Behavior of the Glycopeptide Dendrimers Based on the Oligolysine Scaffold in N, N′-dimethylformamide. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2004; 22:79-90. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2004.10506983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gottschling D, Boer J, Schuster A, Holzmann B, Kessler H. Cellular solid-phase binding assay and mass spectrometry for screening of alpha 4 beta 7 integrin antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2997-3000. [PMID: 11714596 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A qualitative cellular solid-phase binding assay for screening alpha 4 beta 7 integrin antagonists attached via photolinker to TentaGel Macrobeads has been developed. An activation of the integrins with Mn(2+) was necessary to achieve binding to the bead bound antagonists. The identification of the resin bound compounds was done by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gottschling
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Abstract
Two dendritic peptides containing a branched lysine core and up to eight azobenzene moieties in the periphery were synthesized on solid support employing the omega-amino acid 4-(aminomethyl)phenylazobenzoic acid. With an additional peptidic tail consisting of an oligolysine portion, water solubility was achieved for the dendrimers, which allowed for the characterization of the cis/trans photoisomerization of the dendritic azobenzene species in both organic and aqueous media. Despite the interactions between the chromophores, which occur particularly in aqueous media, at higher dilution the photoisomerization process was found to proceed to extents that should permit photomodulation of molecular recognition processes between ligands grafted to the photosensitive azobenzene units and receptor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cattani-Scholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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