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Lau M, Young PM, Traini D. Investigation into the Manufacture and Properties of Inhalable High-Dose Dry Powders Produced by Comilling API and Lactose with Magnesium Stearate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2248-2259. [PMID: 28070849 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to understand the impact of different concentrations of the additive material, magnesium stearate (MGST), and the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), respectively, on the physicochemical properties and aerosol performance of comilled formulations for high-dose delivery. Initially, blends of API/lactose with different concentrations of MGST (1-7.5% w/w) were prepared and comilled by the jet-mill apparatus. The optimal concentration of MGST in comilled formulations was investigated, specifically for agglomerate structure and strength, particle size, uniformity of content, surface coverage, and aerosol performance. Secondly, comilled formulations with different API (1-40% w/w) concentrations were prepared and similarly analyzed. Comilled 5% MGST (w/w) formulation resulted in a significant improvement in in vitro aerosol performance due to the reduction in agglomerate size and strength compared to the formulation comilled without MGST. Higher concentrations of MGST (7.5% w/w) led to reduction in aerosol performance likely due to excessive surface coverage of the micronized particles by MGST, which led to failure in uniformity of content and an increase in agglomerate strength and size. Generally, comilled formulations with higher concentrations of API increased the agglomerate strength and size, which subsequently caused a reduction in aerosol performance. High-dose delivery was achieved at API concentration of >20% (w/w). The study provided a platform for the investigation of aerosol performance and physicochemical properties of other API and additive materials in comilled formulations for the emerging field of high-dose delivery by dry powder inhalation.
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Biondi M, Fusco S, Lewis AL, Netti PA. New Insights into the Mechanisms of the Interactions Between Doxorubicin and the Ion-Exchange Hydrogel DC Bead™ for Use in Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE). JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 23:333-54. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x551934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Biondi
- a Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabato Fusco
- b Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrew L. Lewis
- c Biocompatibles UK Ltd., Farnham Business Park, Weydon Lane, Farnham, Surrey GU9 8QL, UK
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- d Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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Zhou Q(T, Morton DA. Drug-lactose binding aspects in adhesive mixtures: controlling performance in dry powder inhaler formulations by altering lactose carrier surfaces. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:275-84. [PMID: 21782866 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
For dry powder inhaler formulations, micronized drug powders are commonly mixed with coarse lactose carriers to facilitate powder handling during the manufacturing and powder aerosol delivery during patient use. The performance of such dry powder inhaler formulations strongly depends on the balance of cohesive and adhesive forces experienced by the drug particles under stresses induced in the flow environment during aerosolization. Surface modification with appropriate additives has been proposed as a practical and efficient way to alter the inter-particulate forces, thus potentially controlling the formulation performance, and this strategy has been employed in a number of different ways with varying degrees of success. This paper reviews the main strategies and methodologies published on surface coating of lactose carriers, and considers their effectiveness and impact on the performance of dry powder inhaler formulations.
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Zhou Q(T, Denman JA, Gengenbach T, Das S, Qu L, Zhang H, Larson I, Stewart PJ, Morton DA. Characterization of the surface properties of a model pharmaceutical fine powder modified with a pharmaceutical lubricant to improve flow via a mechanical dry coating approach. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3421-3430. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Li Y, Wong HL, Shuhendler AJ, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Molecular interactions, internal structure and drug release kinetics of rationally developed polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles. J Control Release 2008; 128:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Revised: 02/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abdekhodaie MJ, Wu XY. Drug release from ion-exchange microspheres: Mathematical modeling and experimental verification. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1654-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Salehi P, Sarazin P, Favis BD. Porous Devices Derived from Co-Continuous Polymer Blends as a Route for Controlled Drug Release. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1131-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm7010467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pouneh Salehi
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079 Station Centre-ville, Montréal, (QC) Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Pierre Sarazin
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079 Station Centre-ville, Montréal, (QC) Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Basil D. Favis
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079 Station Centre-ville, Montréal, (QC) Canada H3C 3A7
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Li Y, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Prediction of kinetics of doxorubicin release from sulfopropyl dextran ion-exchange microspheres using artificial neural networks. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 24:401-10. [PMID: 15784330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop artificial neural networks (ANN) models to predict in vitro release kinetics of doxorubicin (Dox) delivered by sulfopropyl dextran ion-exchange microspheres. Four ANN models for responses at different time points were developed to describe the release profiles of Dox. Model selection was performed using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Sixteen data sets were used to train the ANN models and two data sets for the validation. Good correlations were obtained between the observed and predicted release profiles for the two randomly selected validation data sets. The difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2) between the ANN predicted and the observed release profiles indicated good performance of the ANN models. The established models were then applied to predict release kinetics of Dox from the microspheres of various initial loadings in media of different ionic strengths and NaCl/CaCl2 ratios. The results suggested that ANN offered a flexible and effective approach to predicting the kinetics of Dox release from the ion-exchange microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Li
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2S2
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Fundueanu G, Constantin M, Esposito E, Cortesi R, Nastruzzi C, Menegatti E. Cellulose acetate butyrate microcapsules containing dextran ion-exchange resins as self-propelled drug release system. Biomaterials 2005; 26:4337-47. [PMID: 15683658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sulfopropylated dextran microspheres (SP-Ms), (Dm = 80 microm) loaded with a water soluble drug (Tetracycline HCl), were included in cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) microcapsules. Spherical CAB microcapsules were obtained by oil in water (o/w) solvent evaporation method in the presence of an inert solvent as cyclohexane (CyH) or n-hexane (N-Hex), and different excipients (Phospholipon, Tween, Span, Eudragit RS 100). Chloroform was found to be the best solvent for the preparation of the microcapsules. Also, the sphericity as well as the porosity of the microcapsules was controlled by the presence of an inert solvent. The final concentration of the drug in CAB microparticles was up to 25% (w/w). The key factors for the successful preparation were also the viscosity of the polymer, while the wettability of the resulted microcapsules, the temperature of the preparation, and the porosity have modulated the release of the drug. The higher is the amount of encapsulated microspheres the thinner is the CAB wall between the compartments created by their incorporation. When these microspheres come in contact with the release medium, the pressure created by their swelling breaks the polymer film and the drug starts to be released. The more drug is released in phosphate buffer the higher is the swelling degree of the encapsulated ion exchange resins and the force created by their supplementary swelling will break the more resistants walls. In this way a self-propelled drug release is achieved, until almost all drug was eliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Fundueanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Cheung RY, Rauth AM, Yu Wu X. In vivo efficacy and toxicity of intratumorally delivered mitomycin C and its combination with doxorubicin using microsphere formulations. Anticancer Drugs 2005; 16:423-33. [PMID: 15746579 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200504000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and toxicity of intratumorally (i.t.) administered anticancer drugs mitomycin C (MMC) and doxorubicin (Dox) incorporated in polymeric microspheres were investigated. Biodegradable sulfopropyl dextran microspheres and their oxidized products were used to load Dox and MMC, respectively. EMT6 mouse mammary cancer cells were injected into the hind leg of BALB/c mice. MMC microspheres, alone or combined with Dox microspheres, were injected i.t. once tumors had reached around 0.3 g. The tumor-plus-leg diameter was measured daily and the delay in time for the tumor to grow to 1.13 g relative to control (TGD) was employed as an indication of therapeutic effect. General toxicity was determined by monitoring weight, appearance and behavior of the mice. Morphology and histology of tumor and heart tissues were also examined. An average 79% TGD was observed after i.t. injection of MMC microspheres. The i.t. co-administration of MMC and Dox microspheres resulted in a 185% TGD. The i.t. injections of the microsphere formulations did not result in visible signs of toxicity in animals. In contrast, systemic (i.e. i.p.) injections of MMC solutions caused considerable general toxicity. This study suggests that i.t. delivery of anticancer drugs by polymeric microspheres is an effective way of improving the therapeutic index for cancer chemotherapy of selected solid tumors under special conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Cheung
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Chretien C, Boudy V, Allain P, Chaumeil JC. Indomethacin release from ion-exchange microspheres: impregnation with alginate reduces release rate. J Control Release 2004; 96:369-78. [PMID: 15120894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange microspheres (MS) designed as a drug delivery system for embolization coupling ability to occlude vessels and chemotherapy were used to evaluate a manufacturing process allowing to control the drug release rate through reduction of diffusion rate of the drug within the particle by impregnation of calcium alginate inside the porous MS. Impregnation was performed by diffusion of sodium alginate inside DEAE-Trisacryl(R) MS, dispersion of the MS in deionised water and gelling alginate by adding CaCl(2) to the dispersed MS. Studied parameters were alginate concentration, alginate diffusion time and calcium concentration. Indomethacin was loaded into the MS by eluting an aqueous indomethacin solution through a chromatographic column packed with impregnated MS. Indomethacin loading was reduced by alginate. Swelling studies showed indomethacin loading enhanced the hydrophobicity of MS while impregnation had no effect. This had an incidence on indomethacin release rate, which was assessed using the rapid elution of PBS through loaded impregnated MS packed in a column. Indomethacin loading reduced its own rate of release. MS impregnated with 2% w/v alginate gelled with a 40 mM calcium solution presented the lower release rate. This work indicated the manufacturing conditions to display a calcium alginate matrix effect on indomethacin release from DEAE-Trisacryl MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chretien
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique, Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris 5, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
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Liu Z, Cheung R, Wu XY, Ballinger JR, Bendayan R, Rauth AM. A study of doxorubicin loading onto and release from sulfopropyl dextran ion-exchange microspheres. J Control Release 2001; 77:213-24. [PMID: 11733089 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate various factors that influence doxorubicin (Dox) loading onto and release from sulfopropyl dextran ion-exchange microspheres (MS), and to evaluate the anticancer activity of the released drug in vitro. Dox was incorporated into the MS by incubating the MS with aqueous solutions of Dox at room temperature. The drug release was carried out at 37 degrees C in aqueous solutions containing NaCl with or without CaCl2. The kinetics of drug absorption and release, the amount of Dox released, and the stability of Dox after loading, freeze-drying, and release were determined by spectrophotometry. The cytotoxicity of Dox (the original drug or that released from MS) against murine EMT6 breast cancer cells was assessed using a clonogenic assay. An increase in the MS to drug ratio resulted in a higher absorption rate and a higher fraction of the drug extracted from the solution. The release rate and the equilibrium fraction of Dox released increased with a decrease in the initial amount of Dox loaded or an increase in the salt concentration. The addition of divalent ions (Ca2+) promoted drug release compared to NaCl alone. The percent loss of colony forming ability of the cells, a measure of cytotoxicity of the released Dox, was the same as parent Dox solutions, indicating that the drug bioactivity was fully preserved after the drug loading and release cycle. This work demonstrated that various drug release rates were achieved by varying the drug loading and that the MS-delivered Dox was effective against the cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, ON, M5S 2S2, Toronto, Canada
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Boudaoud A, Chaïeb S. Singular thin viscous sheet. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:050601. [PMID: 11735884 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of a thin viscous layer is usually smooth. Here we conduct an experiment where the layer adopts a singular shape. Using the analogy between the flow of a viscous liquid and the deformation of an elastic solid, the theoretical analysis predicts a conical shape for the sheet and is in quantitative agreement with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boudaoud
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'ENS, CNRS, Universités Paris VI et Paris VII, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Abstract
Ion-exchange resins (IER), or ionic polymer networks, have received considerable attention from pharmaceutical scientists because of their versatile properties as drug-delivery vehicles. In the past few years, IER have been extensively studied in the development of novel drug-delivery systems (DDSs) and other biomedical applications. Some of the DDSs containing IER have been introduced into the market. In this review, the applications of IER in drug delivery research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Tel.: +91 172 214 682; fax: +91 172 214 692 web: www.niper.nic.in., Punjab, India
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Liu Z, Bendayan R, Wu XY. Triton-X-100-modified polymer and microspheres for reversal of multidrug resistance. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001; 53:779-87. [PMID: 11428653 DOI: 10.1211/0022357011776126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Triton X-100 is a non-ionic detergent capable of reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) due to its interaction with cell membranes. However, it interacts with cells in a non-specific way, causing cytotoxicity. This work aimed to develop polymeric chemosensitizers that possess the ability to reverse MDR and lower toxic side effects. When being delivered to tumours, the polymeric chemosensitizers may also have longer retention times in tumours than the free detergent. Triton-X-100-immobilized dextran microspheres (T-MS) and inulin (T-IN) were prepared and characterized. Their cytotoxicity against multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells (CH(R)C5) was compared with that of free Triton X-100 solutions. The in-vitro effect of the products on 3H-vinblastine accumulation by CH(R)C5 cells was determined. Both T-MS and T-IN showed a marked decrease in the cytotoxicity, as compared with free Triton solutions at equivalent concentrations. Drug accumulation by CH(R)C5 cells was increased over two fold in the presence of T-MS or T-IN. These results suggest that polymeric drug carriers with MDR-reversing capability and lower cytotoxicity may be prepared by immobilization of chemosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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