1
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Jeong C, Yun J, Heo J, Kim NJ. Anisotropic circular dichroism of jet-cooled chiral molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22644-22649. [PMID: 37591819 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic circular dichroism (CD) refers to the CD of oriented molecules, which varies with the direction of light propagation toward the molecules. Thus, anisotropic CD spectroscopy has been used to investigate the orientations of molecules in anisotropic media such as liquid crystals and thin films. However, it is unclear whether anisotropic CD results from isolated chromophores or their intermolecular interactions with other atoms or molecules that form anisotropically aligned structures. Herein, anisotropic CD of isolated chiral molecules was observed for the first time. The resonant two-photon ionization CD spectra of jet-cooled pseudoephedrine and styrene oxide indicated a difference between the CD values of the P/R and Q branches of the origin bands of the S0-S1 transition. This difference may have resulted from the anisotropic CD phenomena of these molecules, which are oriented via photoselection. Although jet-cooled molecules may have nearly random orientations, those excited to the P/R or Q branch become oriented because the transition probability to these branches depends on the molecular orientation relative to the direction of light propagation. These results demonstrate that the CD spectra of cold, isolated molecules, such as those in an interstellar medium, may exhibit anisotropic CD values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changseop Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Jiyeon Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Jiyoung Heo
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Chungnam 31066, Korea.
| | - Nam Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
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2
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Ren C, Zhao T, Shi Y, Duan P. Cascade energy transfer augmented circular polarization in photofluorochromic cholesteric texture. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:567-570. [PMID: 36533681 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)-active light-harvesting systems consisting of a light-responsive donor (R-1), mediator (Nile red), and terminal acceptor (Cyanine 5) are constructed in cholesteric liquid crystals. A dynamically tunable CPL dissymmetry factor and energy transfer modes, are achieved via the closed-ring and open-ring conversion between R-1-O and R-1-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Tonghan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yonghong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Pengfei Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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3
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Górecki M, Lipparini F, Albano G, Jávorfi T, Hussain R, Siligardi G, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Electronic Circular Dichroism Imaging (ECDi) Casts a New Light on the Origin of Solid-State Chiroptical Properties. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103632. [PMID: 34935206 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state ECD (ss-ECD) spectra of a model microcrystalline solid, finasteride, dispersed into a KCl pellet were recorded by using the synchrotron radiation source at the Diamond B23 beamline. Scanning a surface of 36 mm2 with a step of 0.5 mm, we measured a set of ECD imaging (ECDi) spectra very different from each other and from the ss-ECD recorded with a bench-top instrument (1 cm2 area). This is due to the anisotropic part of the ECD (ACD), which averages to zero in solution or on a large number of randomly oriented crystallites, but can otherwise be extremely large. Two-way singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, through experimental and simulated TDDFT spectra, disclosed that the measured and theoretical principal components are in line with each other. This finding demonstrates that the observed isotropic ss-ECD spectrum is governed by the anisotropy of locally oriented crystals. It also introduces a new quality for ss-ECD measurements and opens a new future for probing and mapping chiral materials in the solid state such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Górecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filippo Lipparini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Present address: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Tamás Jávorfi
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Rohanah Hussain
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Meskers SCJ. Circular Polarization of Luminescence as a Tool To Study Molecular Dynamical Processes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. box 513 (STW 4.37) NL 5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands
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5
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Martin AT, Nichols SM, Murphy VL, Kahr B. Chiroptical anisotropy of crystals and molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8107-8120. [PMID: 34322691 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00991e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical activity, a foundational part of chemistry, is not restricted to chiral molecules although generations have been instructed otherwise. A more inclusive view of optical activity is valuable because it clarifies structure-property relationships however, this view only comes into focus in measurements of oriented molecules, commonly found in crystals. Unfortunately, measurements of optical rotatory dispersion or circular dichroism in anisotropic single crystals have challenged scientists for more than two centuries. New polarimetric methods for unpacking the optical activity of crystals in general directions are still needed. Such methods are reviewed as well as some of the 'nourishment' they provide, thereby inviting to new researchers. Methods for fitting intensity measurements in terms of the constitutive tensor that manifests as the differential refraction and absorption of circularly polarized light, are described, and examples are illustrated. Single oriented molecules, as opposed to single oriented crystals, can be treated computationally. Structure-property correlations for such achiral molecules with comparatively simple electronic structures are considered as a heuristic foundation for the response of crystals that may be subject to measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York City, NY 10003, USA.
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6
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Oki O, Kulkarni C, Yamagishi H, Meskers SCJ, Lin ZH, Huang JS, Meijer EW, Yamamoto Y. Robust Angular Anisotropy of Circularly Polarized Luminescence from a Single Twisted-Bipolar Polymeric Microsphere. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8772-8779. [PMID: 34085826 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has long been surmised that the circular polarization of luminescence (CPL) emitted by a chiral molecule or a molecular assembly should vary with the direction in which the photon is emitted. Despite its potential utility, this anisotropic CPL has not yet been demonstrated at the level of single molecules or supramolecular assemblies. Here we show that conjugated polymers bearing chiral side chains self-assemble into solid microspheres with a twisted bipolar interior, which are formed via liquid-liquid phase separation and subsequent condensation into a cholesteric lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophase. The resultant microspheres, when dispersed in methanol, exhibit CPL with a glum value as high as 0.23. The microspheres are mechanically robust enough to be handled with a microneedle under ambient conditions, allowing comprehensive examination of the angular anisotropy of CPL. The single microsphere is found to exhibit distinct angularly anisotropic birefringence and CPL with glum up to ∼0.5 in the equatorial plane, which is 2.5-fold greater than that along the polar axis. Such optically anisotropic solid materials are important for the application to next-generation microlight-emitting and visualizing devices as well as for fundamental optics studies of chiral light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Oki
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Chidambar Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Zhan-Hong Lin
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jer-Shing Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - E W Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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7
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Feringán B, Cerdá J, Diosdado B, Aragó J, Ortí E, Giménez R, Sierra T. On the Structure and Chiral Aggregation of Liquid Crystalline Star-Shaped Triazines H-Bonded to Benzoic Acids. Chemistry 2020; 26:15313-15322. [PMID: 32608135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a star-shaped tris(triazolyl)triazine derivative to hierarchically build supramolecular chiral columnar organizations through the formation of H-bonded complexes with benzoic acids was studied from a theoretical and experimental point of view. The combined study has been done at three different levels including the study of the structure of the triazine core, the association with benzoic acids in stoichiometry 1:3, and the assembly of 1:3 complexes in helical aggregates. Although the star-shaped triazine core crystallizes in a non-C3 conformation, the C3 -symmetric conformation is theoretically predicted to be more stable and gives rise to a favorable C3 supramolecular 1:3 complex upon the interaction with three benzoic acids in their voids. In addition, calculations at different levels (DFT, PM7, and MM3) for the 1:3 host-guest complex predict the formation of large stable columnar helical aggregates stabilized by the compact packing of the interstitial acids by π-π and CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The acids restrict the movement of the the star-shaped triazine cores along the stacking axis causing a template effect in the self-assembly of the complex. Theoretical predictions correlate with experimental results, since the interaction with achiral or chiral 3,4,5-(4-alkoxybenzyloxy)benzoic acids gives rise to supramolecular complexes that organize in bulk hexagonal columnar mesophases stable at room temperature with intracolumnar order. The existence of supramolecular chirality in the mesophase was determined for complexes formed by acids derived from (S)-2-octanol. Chiral aggregation was also evidenced for complexes formed in dodecane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Feringán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Cerdá
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Beatriz Diosdado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Raquel Giménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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8
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Macroorganisation and flexibility of thylakoid membranes. Biochem J 2019; 476:2981-3018. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis are hosted and regulated by the chloroplast thylakoid membrane (TM) — the central structural component of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrangement of the lipid–protein assemblies, aka macroorganisation, and its dynamic responses to the fluctuating physiological environment, aka flexibility, are the subject of this review. An emphasis is given on the information obtainable by spectroscopic approaches, especially circular dichroism (CD). We briefly summarise the current knowledge of the composition and three-dimensional architecture of the granal TMs in plants and the supramolecular organisation of Photosystem II and light-harvesting complex II therein. We next acquaint the non-specialist reader with the fundamentals of CD spectroscopy, recent advances such as anisotropic CD, and applications for studying the structure and macroorganisation of photosynthetic complexes and membranes. Special attention is given to the structural and functional flexibility of light-harvesting complex II in vitro as revealed by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. We give an account of the dynamic changes in membrane macroorganisation associated with the light-adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and the regulation of the excitation energy flow by state transitions and non-photochemical quenching.
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9
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen P, Rong Y, Liu M. Interfacial organization of achiral porphyrins via unidirectional compression: a general method for chiroptical porphyrin assemblies of selected chirality. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 18:14023-9. [PMID: 27156996 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00683c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins are considered to be important scaffolds bridging supramolecular chemistry and chiral chemistry, where chirality selection via physical effects such as directional stirring and spin-coating has aroused particular interest. Nevertheless, these protocols could only work on a limited number of achiral porphyrins. It still remains a formidable challenge to pave a general avenue for the construction of chiral assemblies using achiral porphyrins. By means of a unique Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) technique of a unidirectional compression configuration, we herein have demonstrated that a series of achiral porphyrins could be facilely organized to form chiral interfacial assemblies of controlled supramolecular chirality. It has been disclosed that such a fascinating chirality selection scenario is intimately related to the direction of the compression-generated vortex-like flow, while the compression speed, one of the most significant parameters of the Langmuir technique, contributes less to this issue. With regard to a surface-pressure-dependent chirality selection phenomenon, it is suggested that the directional vortex-like flow generated by lateral compression might play a role in promoting the preferential growth of chiral assemblies showing an enhanced yet controlled CD signal. Our protocol might be, to some extent, a general method for achieving chiral porphyrin assemblies of controlled chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanping Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Penglei Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunlong Rong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L. Murphy
- Department
of Chemistry and
Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Silver
Center, Room 1001, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department
of Chemistry and
Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Silver
Center, Room 1001, New York, New York 10003, United States
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11
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Wakabayashi M, Yokojima S, Fukaminato T, Shiino KI, Irie M, Nakamura S. Anisotropic dissymmetry factor, g: theoretical investigation on single molecule chiroptical spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5046-57. [PMID: 24919679 DOI: 10.1021/jp409559t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A formula for an anisotropic dissymmetry factor g evaluating the chiroptical response of orientationally fixed molecules is derived. Incorporating zeroth- and first-order multipole expansion terms, it is applied to bridged triarylamine helicene molecules to examine the experimental results of single-molecule chiroptical spectroscopy. The ground- and excited-state wave functions and a series of transition moments required for the evaluation of the anisotropic g value are calculated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The probability histograms obtained for simulated g values, uniformly sampled in regard to the direction of light propagation toward the fixed molecule, show that even for a given diastereomer, the dissymmetry factors have positive and negative values and can deviate from their averages to a considerable extent when the angle between the electric dipole transition moment and the propagation vector of the incident light is near 0 or 180°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Wakabayashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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12
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Igawa K, Kawasaki Y, Nishino K, Mitsuda N, Tomooka K. Asymmetric Ozone Oxidation of Silylalkenes Using aC2-Symmetrical Dialkoxysilyl Group as a Chiral Auxiliary. Chemistry 2014; 20:9255-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Caputo GA. Analyzing the effects of hydrophobic mismatch on transmembrane α-helices using tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1063:95-116. [PMID: 23975773 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-583-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic matching between transmembrane protein segments and the lipid bilayer in which they are embedded is a significant factor in the behavior and orientation of such transmembrane segments. The condition of hydrophobic mismatch occurs when the hydrophobic thickness of a lipid bilayer is significantly different than the length of the membrane spanning segment of a protein, resulting in a mismatch. This mismatch can result in altered function of proteins as well as nonnative structural arrangements including effects on transmembrane α-helix tilt angles, oligomerization state, and/or the formation of non-transmembrane topographies. Here, a fluorescence-based protocol is described for testing model transmembrane α-helices and their sensitivity to hydrophobic mismatch by measuring the propensity of these helices to form non-transmembrane structures. Overall, good hydrophobic matching between the bilayer and transmembrane segments is an important factor that must be considered when designing membrane proteins or peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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14
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Miloslavina Y, Lambrev PH, Jávorfi T, Várkonyi Z, Karlický V, Wall JS, Hind G, Garab G. Anisotropic circular dichroism signatures of oriented thylakoid membranes and lamellar aggregates of LHCII. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 111:29-39. [PMID: 21667227 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthesis research, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is an indispensable tool to probe molecular architecture at virtually all levels of structural complexity. At the molecular level, the chirality of the molecule results in intrinsic CD; pigment-pigment interactions in protein complexes and small aggregates can give rise to excitonic CD bands, while "psi-type" CD signals originate from large, densely packed chiral aggregates. It has been well established that anisotropic CD (ACD), measured on samples with defined non-random orientation relative to the propagation of the measuring beam, carries specific information on the architecture of molecules or molecular macroassemblies. However, ACD is usually combined with linear dichroism and can be distorted by instrumental imperfections, which given the strong anisotropic nature of photosynthetic membranes and complexes, might be the reason why ACD is rarely studied in photosynthesis research. In this study, we present ACD spectra, corrected for linear dichroism, of isolated intact thylakoid membranes of granal chloroplasts, washed unstacked thylakoid membranes, photosystem II (PSII) membranes (BBY particles), grana patches, and tightly stacked lamellar macroaggregates of the main light-harvesting complex of PSII (LHCII). We show that the ACD spectra of face- and edge-aligned stacked thylakoid membranes and LHCII lamellae exhibit profound differences in their psi-type CD bands. Marked differences are also seen in the excitonic CD of BBY and washed thylakoid membranes. Magnetic CD (MCD) spectra on random and aligned samples, and the largely invariable nature of the MCD spectra, despite dramatic variations in the measured isotropic and anisotropic CD, testify that ACD can be measured without substantial distortions and thus employed to extract detailed information on the (supra)molecular organization of photosynthetic complexes. An example is provided showing the ability of CD data to indicate such an organization, leading to the discovery of a novel crystalline structure in macroaggregates of LHCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Miloslavina
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, 6701, Szeged, Hungary
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15
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Qu S, Wang L, Liu X, Li M. Evolution from Lyotropic Liquid Crystal to Helical Fibrous Organogel of an Achiral Fluorescent Twin-Tapered Bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivative. Chemistry 2011; 17:3512-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Mannock DA, Lewis RN, McMullen TP, McElhaney RN. The effect of variations in phospholipid and sterol structure on the nature of lipid–sterol interactions in lipid bilayer model membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:403-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Vera F, Luis Serrano J, Sierra T. Twists in mesomorphic columnar supramolecular assemblies. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:781-96. [PMID: 19322470 DOI: 10.1039/b800408k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review provides insight into helical columnar assemblies based on thermotropic as well as lyotropic liquid crystals on the basis of the structural characteristics that promote hierarchical self-organization. The structural features of molecular materials that can present helical organizations imply the action of different driving forces that include pi-interactions, hydrogen bonding or metal-coordination. In addition, columnar liquid crystals offer the possibility of combining these interactions towards the control of the geometry and orientation of the supramolecular organization leading to well-defined helical columnar assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vera
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Spain
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18
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Hijji YM, Hudrlik PF, Hudrlik AM, Butcher RJ, Jasinski JP. (3aR,8aR)-2,2,6,6-Tetra-methyl-4,4,8,8-tetra-phenyl-tetra-hydro-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-e][1,3,2]dioxasilepine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 65:o135. [PMID: 21581595 PMCID: PMC2968053 DOI: 10.1107/s160053680804227x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C(33)H(34)O(4)Si, is a dioxasilepine compound, an effective chiral dopant for the determination of high helical twisting powers in liquid crystals. Its structure consists of a five-membered dioxolo ring fused to a seven-membered dioxasilepine ring which contains two sets of phenyl rings in a twisted butterfly shape attached to the two Csp(3) atoms in the ring opposite each other. Two methyl groups are attached to the Si atom in the ring and two additional methyl groups are attached to the Csp(3) atom in the dioxolo ring (one of which is disordered) and which lies in an envelope pattern. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the phenyl ring pairs are 85.9 (2) and 83.5 (1)°. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the dioxolo ring and the two pairs of butterfly shaped phenyl rings are 46.2 (1), 67.7 (1), 35.6 (7) and 83.5 (1)°.
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Qiu Y, Chen P, Liu M. Interfacial assembly of an achiral zinc phthalocyanine at the air/water interface: a surface pressure dependent aggregation and supramolecular chirality. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:7200-7207. [PMID: 18540684 DOI: 10.1021/la703703e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation and supramolecular chirality of the interfacial assemblies of an achiral phthalcyanine derivative, zinc 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)-29 H,31 H-phthaloxyanine (ZnPc), were investigated, and a surface pressure dependent behavior was observed. It was found that ZnPc could be spread as a Langmuir film on water surface and transferred onto solid substrates by the horizontal lifting method. The compound formed mixed J- and H-aggregates in the transferred Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. Deconvolution of the broaden Q-band revealed three main components of the spectra, which corresponded to H- and J-aggregates and medium transition aggregates, whose relative contents could be modulated by the surface pressure at which the films were transferred. On the other hand, the transferred LB films composed of these aggregates showed Cotton effects in circular dichroism spectra when the floating film was compressed over a certain surface pressure although the compound itself was achiral. The cooperative arrangement of the macrocylic ring in a helical manner through the interfacial organization was suggested to be responsible for such optical activity in the LB films. A possible explanation based on the cooperative arrangement of the ZnPc building blocks in a helical sense stacking in the aggregates was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Chen P, Liu M. A General Method for Constructing Optically Active Supramolecular Assemblies from Intrinsically Achiral Water-Insoluble Free-Base Porphyrins. Chemistry 2008; 14:1793-803. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Zou H, Therien MJ, Blasie JK. Structure and dynamics of an extended conjugated NLO chromophore within an amphiphilic 4-helix bundle peptide by molecular dynamics simulation. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:1350-7. [PMID: 18189381 DOI: 10.1021/jp076643j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of extended conjugated chromophores into amphiphilic 4-helix bundle peptides has been shown experimentally to be an effective means to orient the chromphores vectorially in 2-D ensembles with high in-plane density. The designed microscopic hyperpolarizabilty of the chromophore is preserved in the macroscopic NLO response of the ensemble. We show via molecular dynamics simulation that the designed coiled-coil structure of the bundle controls the conformation and dynamics of the chromophore that are critical to optimizing its hyperpolarizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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22
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Qu S, Wang H, Yu Z, Bai B, Li M. Helical ribbons tuned by alkoxy chains in achiral twin-tapered dihydrazide derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b805593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Huang X, Li C, Jiang S, Wang X, Zhang B, Liu M. Self-Assembled Spiral Nanoarchitecture and Supramolecular Chirality in Langmuir−Blodgett Films of an Achiral Amphiphilic Barbituric Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:1322-3. [PMID: 14759173 DOI: 10.1021/ja036878i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic barbituric acid derivative was found to form stable monolayers showing a clear phase transition at the air/water interface. It is interesting to find that the deposited Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of the compound showed circular dichroism (CD) although the molecule itself was achiral. AFM measurements on the transferred one-layer LB film revealed that spiral nanoarchitectures were formed. It was further found that the supramolecular chirality of the LB films was related to symmetry breaking at the interface. Hydrogen bonding and the pi-pi stacking between the neighboring molecules resulted in chiral fibers which formed the spiral structures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the chirality of the molecular assemblies and spiral nanostructures formed through the air/water interface by achiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, 100080 Beijing, PR China
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Tcherkasskaya O, Sanders W, Chynwat V, Davidson EA, Orser CS. The Role of Hydrophobic Interactions in Amyloidogenesis: Example of Prion-Related Polypeptides. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2003; 21:353-65. [PMID: 14616031 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2003.10506931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of the non-infectious, cellular form of the prion protein (PrP(C)) to the infectious form (PrP(Sc)) is thought to be driven by an alpha-helical to beta-sheet conformational transition. To reveal the sequence determinants which encourage the transition to beta-fold, we study the synthetic peptides associated with hydrophobic conserved fragments of the N-terminal region of the prion protein. The structure of peptides in solution was probed under various thermodynamic conditions employing circular dichroism and steady state fluorescence spectroscopy as well as dye binding assays. The fluorescence methods utilized pyrene residues covalently attached to the end of the model peptides. In aqueous solutions, the structure assessments indicate the formation of metastable peptide aggregates; the molecular conformations within the peptide micelles are largely coiled. This stage in molecular assembly exists without significant beta-strand formation, i.e., before the appearance of any ordered secondary structure detectable by circular dichroism. At moderate concentrations of trifluoroethanol and/or acetonitrile, the conformational ensemble shifts towards beta-strand formation, and the population of the amorphous aggregates decreases significantly. Overall, the present data indicate that hydrophobic interactions between side chains of the peptide variants prevent, in fact, the formation of the rigid beta-sheet structures. Encouragement of beta-folds requires the destabilization of local interactions in the peptide chain, which in vivo might be possible within cell membranes as well as within partly folded molecular forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tcherkasskaya
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
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Yuan J, Liu M. Chiral molecular assemblies from a novel achiral amphiphilic 2-(heptadecyl) naphtha[2,3]imidazole through interfacial coordination. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:5051-6. [PMID: 12708854 DOI: 10.1021/ja0288486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel amphiphilic compound 2-(heptadecyl) naphtha[2,3]imidazole (NpImC17) was synthesized, and its coordination with AgNO(3) in situ in the monolayer at the air/water interface and ex situ in the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film on solid substrate has been investigated. It has been found that interfacial coordination between NpImC17 and Ag(I) ion occurred both in the monolayer and in the LB film. It is interesting to note that the Ag(I)-coordinated ultrathin film became chiral although the ligand itself is achiral. It was suggested that the chirality of the Ag(I)-coordinated LB film was developed due to the formation of a helical coordination polymer through the interfacial coordination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the formation of chiral monolayer and LB films from an achiral molecule through interfacial coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
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