1
|
Castriciano MA, Zagami R, Mazzaglia A, Romeo A, Monsù Scolaro L. A Kinetic Investigation of the Supramolecular Chiral Self-Assembling Process of Cationic Organometallic (2,2':6',2″-terpyridine)methylplatinum(II) Complexes with Poly(L-glutamic Acid). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1176. [PMID: 38256248 PMCID: PMC10816852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cationic platinum(II) organometallic complex [Pt(terpy)Me]+ (terpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) at mild acidic pH interacts with poly(L-glutamic acid) (L-PGA) in its α-helix conformation, affording chiral supramolecular adducts. Their kinetics of formation have been investigated in detail as a function of the concentrations of both reagents and changing pH, ionic strength, the length of the polymeric scaffold and temperature. After a very fast early stage, the kinetic traces have been analyzed as three consecutive steps, suggesting a mechanism based on the electrostatic fast formation of a not-organized aggregate that subsequently evolves through different rearrangements to form the eventual supramolecular adduct. A model for this species has been proposed based on (i) the attractive electrostatic interaction of the cationic platinum(II) complexes and the polyelectrolyte and (ii) the π-stacking interactions acting among the [Pt(terpy)Me]+ units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Castriciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.A.C.); (R.Z.)
| | - Roberto Zagami
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.A.C.); (R.Z.)
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- CNR-ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andrea Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.A.C.); (R.Z.)
- CNR-ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.A.C.); (R.Z.)
- CNR-ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Killalea
- School of Chemistry The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry The University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - David B. Amabilino
- School of Chemistry The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry The University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paul M, Sarkar K, Dastidar P. Metallogels Derived from Silver Coordination Polymers ofC3-Symmetric Tris(pyridylamide) Tripodal Ligands: Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles and Catalysis. Chemistry 2014; 21:255-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
4
|
Barclay TG, Constantopoulos K, Matisons J. Nanotubes Self-Assembled from Amphiphilic Molecules via Helical Intermediates. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10217-91. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400085m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Barclay
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science & Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Kristina Constantopoulos
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science & Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Janis Matisons
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science & Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sarangi NK, Patnaik A. Structure-DirectingL-Tryptophan for Supported DPPC Helices and Fractals: An Alkyl-Chain Tilt-Angle Dependence. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Danila I, Riobé F, Piron F, Puigmartí-Luis J, Wallis JD, Linares M, Ågren H, Beljonne D, Amabilino DB, Avarvari N. Hierarchical Chiral Expression from the Nano- to Mesoscale in Synthetic Supramolecular Helical Fibers of a Nonamphiphilic C3-Symmetrical π-Functional Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8344-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ion Danila
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
| | - François Riobé
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Flavia Piron
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John D. Wallis
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David B. Amabilino
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR 6200, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saad A, Jeannin O, Fourmigué M. Helical organization of chiral binaphthyl tetrathiafulvalene primary amides through hydrogen bonding interactions. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c004320f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Ryu JH, Tang L, Lee E, Kim HJ, Lee M. Supramolecular Helical Columns from the Self-Assembly of Chiral Rods. Chemistry 2008; 14:871-81. [PMID: 17910017 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chiral-bridged rod molecules (CBRs) that consisted of bis(penta-p-phenylene) conjugated to an opened or closed chiral bridging group as a rigid segment and oligoether dendrons as flexible segments were synthesized and characterized. In the bulk state, both molecules self-assemble into a hexagonal columnar structure, as confirmed by X-ray scatterings and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Interestingly, these structures display opposite Cotton effects in the chromophore of the aromatic unit in spite of the same chirality (R,R) of the chiral bridging groups. The molecules were observed to self-assemble into cylindrical micellar aggregates in aqueous solution, as confirmed by light scattering and TEM investigations, and exhibit intense signals in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra, which are indicative of one-handed helical conformations. The CD spectra of each molecule showed opposite signals to each other, which were similar to those in the bulk. Notably, when the opened CBR was added to a solution of closed CBRs up to a certain concentration, the CD signal of the closed CBR was amplified. This implies that both molecules co-assemble into a one-handed helical structure because the opened chiral bridge is conformationally flexible, which is inverted to co-assemble with the closed CBR. These results demonstrate that small structural modifications of the chiral moiety can transfer the chiral information to a supramolecular assembly in the opposite way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hyoung Ryu
- Center for Supramolecular Nano-Assembly and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Shinchon 134, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jyothish K, Hariharan M, Ramaiah D. Chiral Supramolecular Assemblies of a Squaraine Dye in Solution and Thin Films: Concentration-, Temperature-, and Solvent-Induced Chirality Inversion. Chemistry 2007; 13:5944-51. [PMID: 17436354 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We prepared novel cholesterol-appended squaraine dye 1 and model squaraine dye 2 and investigated their aggregation behavior in solution and thin films using photophysical, chiroptical, and microscopic techniques. Investigations on the dependence of aggregation on solvent composition (good/poor, CHCl3/CH3CN) demonstrated that squaraine dye 1 forms two novel H-type chiral supramolecular assemblies with opposite chirality at different good/poor solvent compositions. Model compound 2 formed J-type achiral assemblies under similar conditions. The supramolecular assembly of 1 observed at lower fractions of the poor solvent could be assigned to the thermodynamically stable form, while a kinetically controlled assembly is formed at higher fractions of the poor solvent. This assignment is evidenced by temperature- and concentration-dependent experiments. With increasing temperature, the chirality of the kinetically controlled aggregate was lost and, on cooling, the aggregate with the opposite chirality was formed. On further heating and cooling the aggregates thus formed resulted in no significant changes in chirality, that is they are thermodynamically stable. Similarly, at lower concentrations, the thermodynamically stable form exists, but at higher concentration aggregation was found to proceed with kinetic control. Based on these observations it can be assumed that formation of the kinetically controlled assembly might be largely dependent on the presence of the nonpolar cholesterol moiety as well as the amount of poor solvent present. However, under solvent-free conditions, structurally different aggregates were observed when drop cast from solutions containing monomer, whereas a left-handed CD signal corresponding to the thermodynamically controlled assemblies was observed from pre-aggregated solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuthanapillil Jyothish
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum - 695019, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dasgupta A, Mitra RN, Roy S, Das PK. Asymmetric resolution in ester reduction by NaBH4 at the interface of aqueous aggregates of amino acid, peptide, and chiral-counterion-based cationic surfactants. Chem Asian J 2007; 1:780-8. [PMID: 17441121 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study provides insight into the physicochemical aspects of aqueous aggregates that comprise amino acid, peptide, and chiral-counterion-based cationic surfactants and their correlation with the proficiency of asymmetric resolution in ester reduction. The effects of the structural differences in the naturally occurring amino acid based and synthetic chiral-counterion-containing gemini surfactants on the surface properties as well as on other microstructural parameters were studied and correlated to the varied head groups of the surfactants. The supramolecular chirality induced from the head-group region of chiral amphiphiles in aqueous self-aggregates is evident from circular dichroism, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy studies. This large-scale chirality at the interface of self-aggregates was exploited towards asymmetric resolution in ester reduction by NaBH4. An enantiomeric excess of 53% ((R)-2-phenylpropan-1-ol) was found in the case of the n-hexyl ester of 2-phenylpropionic acid as substrate in the aqueous aggregate of N,N'-dihexadecyl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-N,N'-ethanediyldiammonium diquinate. Thus, a simple and environmentally benign pathway for asymmetric resolution in ester reduction by sodium borohydride alone is reported, which utilizes the varied spatial asymmetry at the interface of aqueous aggregates of cationic chiral amphiphiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antara Dasgupta
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roy S, Das D, Dasgupta A, Mitra RN, Das PK. Amino Acid based cationic surfactants in aqueous solution: physicochemical study and application of supramolecular chirality in ketone reduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:10398-404. [PMID: 16262298 DOI: 10.1021/la051548s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides a molecular understanding of the origin of the chirality in aqueous micelles and its correlation with the proficiency of stereoselective ketone reduction. The effects of varied headgroup architecture on the surface-active properties as well as on other microstructural parameters were studied and correlated to the structural differences of these naturally occurring amino acid containing surfactants (1-4). Micropolarity sensed by pyrene showed that the micelles prepared using 1-4 are mostly hydrated; particularly large headgroup size surfactant produces more polar environment. A theoretical study was done to quantify the varied spatial dissymmetry for all four surfactants. Asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones was carried out at the aqueous micellar interface of these chiral amphiphiles by exploiting the supramolecular chirality as evidenced from a circular dichroism study. The enantioselectivity of the reduction process is rationally improved through increase in spatial dissymmetry and steric constraint imposed at the micellar interface by the polar head of surfactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Roy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brizard A, Oda R, Huc I. Chirality Effects in Self-assembled Fibrillar Networks. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2005; 256:167-218. [DOI: 10.1007/b107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
13
|
Svenson S. Self‐Assembly and Self‐Organization: Important Processes, But Can We Predict Them? J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/dis-120030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
14
|
von Berlepsch H, Kirstein S, Böttcher C. Controlling the Helicity of Tubular J-Aggregates by Chiral Alcohols. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0302212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans von Berlepsch
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36 a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 110, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kirstein
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36 a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 110, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36 a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 110, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shimizu T. Bottom-Up Synthesis and Morphological Control of High-Axial-Ratio Nanostructures through Molecular Self-Assembly. Polym J 2003. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.35.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
16
|
Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Mastering molecular matter. Supramolecular architectures by hierarchical self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b304972h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Cornelissen JJ, Rowan AE, Nolte RJ, Sommerdijk NA. Chiral architectures from macromolecular building blocks. Chem Rev 2001; 101:4039-70. [PMID: 11740926 DOI: 10.1021/cr990126i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 695] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Cornelissen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
von Berlepsch H, Böttcher C, Ouart A, Burger C, Dähne S, Kirstein S. Supramolecular Structures of J-Aggregates of Carbocyanine Dyes in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000220z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. von Berlepsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany, Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36 a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hessische Strasse 1-2, D-10115 Berlin, Germany, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 110, D-10115
| | - C. Böttcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany, Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36 a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hessische Strasse 1-2, D-10115 Berlin, Germany, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 110, D-10115
| | - A. Ouart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany, Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36 a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hessische Strasse 1-2, D-10115 Berlin, Germany, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 110, D-10115
| | - C. Burger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany, Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36 a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hessische Strasse 1-2, D-10115 Berlin, Germany, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 110, D-10115
| | - S. Dähne
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany, Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36 a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hessische Strasse 1-2, D-10115 Berlin, Germany, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 110, D-10115
| | - S. Kirstein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany, Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36 a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hessische Strasse 1-2, D-10115 Berlin, Germany, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 110, D-10115
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chiral self-assembled structures from biomolecules and synthetic analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1068-7459(00)80004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
21
|
|