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Cao L, Huang Y, Parakhonskiy B, Skirtach AG. Nanoarchitectonics beyond perfect order - not quite perfect but quite useful. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15964-16002. [PMID: 36278502 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02537j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics, like architectonics, allows the design and building of structures, but at the nanoscale. Unlike those in architectonics, and even macro-, micro-, and atomic-scale architectonics, the assembled structures at the nanoscale do not always follow the projected design. In fact, they do follow the projected design but only for self-assembly processes producing structures with perfect order. Here, we look at nanoarchitectonics allowing the building of nanostructures without a perfect arrangement of building blocks. Here, fabrication of structures from molecules, polymers, nanoparticles, and nanosheets to polymer brushes, layer-by-layer assembly structures, and hydrogels through self-assembly processes is discussed, where perfect order is not necessarily the aim to be achieved. Both planar substrate and spherical template-based assemblies are discussed, showing the challenging nature of research in this field and the usefulness of such structures for numerous applications, which are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yanqi Huang
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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2
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Ayubali M, Kotlarchyk M, Smith TW.
H
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PO
4
‐induced
micellization of
styrene‐ethylene
oxide block copolymers in toluene solutions. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Kotlarchyk
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science and School of Physics & Astronomy Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester New York USA
| | - Thomas W. Smith
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science and School of Physics & Astronomy Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester New York USA
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3
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Kruss S, Erpenbeck L, Amschler K, Mundinger TA, Boehm H, Helms HJ, Friede T, Andrews RK, Schön MP, Spatz JP. Adhesion maturation of neutrophils on nanoscopically presented platelet glycoprotein Ibα. ACS NANO 2013; 7:9984-96. [PMID: 24093566 PMCID: PMC4122703 DOI: 10.1021/nn403923h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophilic granulocytes play a fundamental role in cardiovascular disease. They interact with platelet aggregates via the integrin Mac-1 and the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα). In vivo, GPIbα presentation is highly variable under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we quantitatively determined the conditions for neutrophil adhesion in a biomimetic in vitro system, which allowed precise adjustment of the spacings between human GPIbα presented on the nanoscale from 60 to 200 nm. Unlike most conventional nanopatterning approaches, this method provided control over the local receptor density (spacing) rather than just the global receptor density. Under physiological flow conditions, neutrophils required a minimum spacing of GPIbα molecules to successfully adhere. In contrast, under low-flow conditions, neutrophils adhered on all tested spacings with subtle but nonlinear differences in cell response, including spreading area, spreading kinetics, adhesion maturation, and mobility. Surprisingly, Mac-1-dependent neutrophil adhesion was very robust to GPIbα density variations up to 1 order of magnitude. This complex response map indicates that neutrophil adhesion under flow and adhesion maturation are differentially regulated by GPIbα density. Our study reveals how Mac-1/GPIbα interactions govern cell adhesion and how neutrophils process the number of available surface receptors on the nanoscale. In the future, such in vitro studies can be useful to determine optimum therapeutic ranges for targeting this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kruss
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heisenbergstraße 3, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 40 Robert-Koch-Straße, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Katharina Amschler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 40 Robert-Koch-Straße, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Tabea A. Mundinger
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heisenbergstraße 3, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Heike Boehm
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heisenbergstraße 3, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Helms
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 32 Humboldtallee, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Tim Friede
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 32 Humboldtallee, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Robert K. Andrews
- Australian Center for Blood Diseases, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Michael P. Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 40 Robert-Koch-Straße, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heisenbergstraße 3, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Address correspondence to ,
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Ku KH, Kim MP, Paek K, Shin JM, Chung S, Jang SG, Chae WS, Yi GR, Kim BJ. Multicolor emission of hybrid block copolymer-quantum dot microspheres by controlled spatial isolation of quantum dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2667-2654. [PMID: 23401329 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology-KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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5
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Ichijo T, Sato S, Fujita M. Size-, Mass-, and Density-Controlled Preparation of TiO2 Nanoparticles in a Spherical Coordination Template. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6786-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4019995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ichijo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8656, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8656, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8656, Japan
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7
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Çakır BA, Budama L, Topel Ö, Hoda N. Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using PS-b-PAA reverse micelle cores for UV protective, self-cleaning and antibacterial textile applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Siebert M, Keul H, Möller M. Synthesis of Well-Defined Polystyrene-Block-Polyglycidol (PS-b-PG) Block Co-polymers by Anionic Polymerization. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577210x530657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Siebert
- a Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry and DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Pauwelsstrasse 8, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Keul
- b Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry and DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Pauwelsstrasse 8, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- c Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry and DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Pauwelsstrasse 8, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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9
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Kim MP, Kang DJ, Jung DW, Kannan AG, Kim KH, Ku KH, Jang SG, Chae WS, Yi GR, Kim BJ. Gold-decorated block copolymer microspheres with controlled surface nanostructures. ACS NANO 2012; 6:2750-2757. [PMID: 22352689 DOI: 10.1021/nn300194z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gold-decorated block copolymer microspheres (BCP-microspheres) displaying various surface morphologies were prepared by the infiltration of Au precursors into polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) microspheres. The microspheres were fabricated by emulsifying the PS-b-P4VP polymers in chloroform into a surfactant solution in water, followed by the evaporation of chloroform. The selective swelling of the P4VP domains in the microspheres by the Au precursor under acidic conditions resulted in the formation of Au-decorated BCP-microspheres with various surface nanostructures. As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, dotted surface patterns were formed when microspheres smaller than 800 nm were synthesized, whereas fingerprint-like surface patterns were observed with microspheres larger than 800 nm. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were located inside P4VP domains near the surfaces of the prepared microspheres, as confirmed by TEM. The optical properties of the BCP-microspheres were characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime measurements. A maximum absorption peak was observed at approximately 580 nm, indicating that Au NPs are densely packed into P4VP domains on the microspheres. Our approach for creating Au-NP-hybrid BCP-microspheres can be extended to other NP systems such as iron-oxide or platinum NPs. These precursors can also be selectively incorporated into P4VP domains and induce the formation of hybrid BCP-microspheres with controlled surface nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo P Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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10
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Yun SI, Cao L, Kang TB, Huh M, Gauthier M. Morphology of Polystyrene Core– dPoly(ethylene oxide) Shell Arborescent Copolymer Micelles from Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Analysis. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.563222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Il Yun
- a Nano Materials Research Department , Jeonju Institute of Machinery and Carbon Composites , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
- b Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organization , PMB 1 , Menai , NSW , 2234 , Australia
| | - Lan Cao
- c Department of Chemistry , Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | - Tae-Beom Kang
- d Department of Chemistry , Sang Myung University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Mongyoung Huh
- a Nano Materials Research Department , Jeonju Institute of Machinery and Carbon Composites , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Mario Gauthier
- c Department of Chemistry , Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
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11
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Mikrowellen-unterstützte Synthese von kolloidalen anorganischen Nanokristallen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Baghbanzadeh M, Carbone L, Cozzoli PD, Kappe CO. Microwave-assisted synthesis of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11312-59. [PMID: 22058070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal inorganic nanocrystals stand out as an important class of advanced nanomaterials owing to the flexibility with which their physical-chemical properties can be controlled through size, shape, and compositional engineering in the synthesis stage and the versatility with which they can be implemented into technological applications in fields as diverse as optoelectronics, energy conversion/production, catalysis, and biomedicine. The use of microwave irradiation as a non-classical energy source has become increasingly popular in the preparation of nanocrystals (which generally involves complex and time-consuming processing of molecular precursors in the presence of solvents, ligands and/or surfactants at elevated temperatures). Similar to its now widespread use in organic chemistry, the efficiency of "microwave flash heating" in dramatically reducing overall processing times is one of the main advantages associated with this technique. This Review illustrates microwave-assisted methods that have been developed to synthesize colloidal inorganic nanocrystals and critically evaluates the specific roles that microwave irradiation may play in the formation of these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Baghbanzadeh
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Graz, Austria
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13
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Arrachart G, Karatchevtseva I, Heinemann A, Cassidy DJ, Triani G. Synthesis and characterisation of nanocomposite materials prepared by dispersion of functional TiO2 nanoparticles in PMMA matrix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11964h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Pein A, Baghbanzadeh M, Rath T, Haas W, Maier E, Amenitsch H, Hofer F, Kappe CO, Trimmel G. Investigation of the formation of CuInS2 nanoparticles by the oleylamine route: comparison of microwave-assisted and conventional syntheses. Inorg Chem 2010; 50:193-200. [PMID: 21141832 DOI: 10.1021/ic101651p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of copper indium disulfide nanoparticles via the oleylamine route using copper iodide, indium chloride, and elemental sulfur has been investigated by applying conventional thermal heating as well as microwave irradiation. Oleylamine thereby acts as a capping ligand as well as a solvent. In an initial set of experiments, the onset of the reaction was determined to be around 115 °C by an in situ X-ray study using Synchrotron radiation. Using comparatively low synthesis temperatures of 120 °C, it is already possible to obtain nanoparticles of 2-4 nm with both heating methods but with irregular shape and size distribution. By applying higher temperatures of 220 °C, more crystalline and larger nanoparticles were obtained with slight differences in crystallite size and size distribution depending on the synthesis route. The size of the nanoparticles is in the range of 3-10 nm depending on the heating time. Using microwave irradiation, it is possible to obtain nanoparticles in only 90 s of total synthesis time. Control experiments to probe a nonthermal microwave effect were carried out ensuring an identical experimental setup, including the heating profile, the stirring rate, and the volume and concentration of the solutions. These experiments clearly demonstrate that for the preparation of CuInS(2) nanoparticles described herein no differences between conventional and microwave heating could be observed when performed at the same temperature. The nanoparticles obtained by microwave and thermal methods have the same crystal phase, primary crystallite size, shape, and size distribution. In addition, they show no significant differences concerning their optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pein
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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15
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Peng Q, Tseng YC, Darling SB, Elam JW. Nanoscopic patterned materials with tunable dimensions via atomic layer deposition on block copolymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:5129-33. [PMID: 20827673 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201002465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Peng
- Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, IL 60439, USA
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16
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Braun CH, Richter TV, Schacher F, Müller AHE, Crossland EJW, Ludwigs S. Block Copolymer Micellar Nanoreactors for the Directed Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 31:729-34. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Popp N, Kutuzov S, Böker A. Various Aspects of the Interfacial Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Bang J, Jeong U, Ryu DY, Russell TP, Hawker CJ. Block copolymer nanolithography: translation of molecular level control to nanoscale patterns. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:4769-92. [PMID: 21049495 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200803302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The self-asembly of block copolymers is a promising platform for the "bottom-up" fabrication of nanostructured materials and devices. This review covers some of the advances made in this field from the laboratory setting to applications where block copolymers are in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 136-713 Seoul, Korea
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19
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Tu Y, Graham MJ, Van Horn RM, Chen E, Fan X, Chen X, Zhou Q, Wan X, Harris FW, Cheng SZ. Controlled organization of self-assembled rod-coil block copolymer micelles. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Kim BJ, Fredrickson GH, Kramer EJ. Effect of Polymer Ligand Molecular Weight on Polymer-Coated Nanoparticle Location in Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma701931z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Edward J. Kramer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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21
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Kim BJ, Bang J, Hawker CJ, Chiu JJ, Pine DJ, Jang SG, Yang SM, Kramer EJ. Creating surfactant nanoparticles for block copolymer composites through surface chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:12693-12703. [PMID: 17973409 DOI: 10.1021/la701906n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple strategy to tailor the surface of nanoparticles for their specific adsorption to and localization at block copolymer interfaces was explored. Gold nanoparticles coated by a mixture of low molecular weight thiol end-functional polystyrene (PS-SH) (Mn = 1.5 and 3.4 kg/mol) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) homopolymers (P2VP-SH) (Mn = 1.5 and 3.0 kg/mol) were incorporated into a lamellar poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer (PS-b-P2VP) (Mn = 196 kg/mol). A library of nanoparticles with varying PS and P2VP surface compositions (FPS) and high polymer ligand areal chain densities was synthesized. The location of the nanoparticles in the PS-b-P2VP block copolymer was determined by transmission electron microscopy. Sharp transitions in particle location from the PS domain to the PS/P2VP interface, and subsequently to the P2VP domain, were observed at FPS = 0.9 and 0.1, respectively. This extremely wide window of FPS values where the polymer-coated gold nanoparticles adsorb to the interface suggests a redistribution of PS and P2VP polymers on the Au surface, inducing the formation of amphiphilic nanoparticles at the PS/P2VP interface. In a second and synthetically more challenging approach, gold nanoparticles were covered with a thiol terminated random copolymer of styrene and 2-vinylpyridine synthesized by RAFT polymerization. Two different random copolymers were considered, where the molecular weight was fixed at 3.5 kg/mol and the relative incorporation of styrene and 2-vinylpyridine repeat units varied (FPS = 0.52 and 0.40). The areal chain density of these random copolymers on Au is unfortunately not high enough to preclude any contact between the P2VP block of the block copolymer and the Au surface. Interestingly, gold nanoparticles coated by the random copolymer with FPS = 0.4 were dispersed in the P2VP domain, while those with FPS = 0.52 were located at the interface. A simple calculation for the adsorption energy to the interface of the nanoparticles with different surface arrangements of PS and P2VP ligands supports evidence for the rearrangement of thiol terminated homopolymers. An upper limit estimate of the adsorption energy of nanoparticles uniformly coated with a random arrangement of PS and P2VP ligands where a 10% surface area was occupied by P2VP -mers or chains was approximately 1 kBT, which indicates that such nanoparticles are unlikely to be segregated along the interface, in contrast to the experimental results for nanoparticles with mixed ligand-coated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Böker A, He J, Emrick T, Russell TP. Self-assembly of nanoparticles at interfaces. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:1231-1248. [PMID: 32900090 DOI: 10.1039/b706609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Developments in the assembly of nanoparticles at liquid-liquid interfaces are reviewed where the assemblies can be controlled by tuning the size of the nanoparticles and the chemical characteristics of the ligands. Both synthetic and biological nanoparticles are discussed. By controlling the type of ligands, uniform and Janus-type nanoparticles can be produced where, at liquid-liquid interfaces, subsequent reactions of the ligands can be used to generate crosslinked sheets of nanoparticles at the interface that have applications including novel encapsulants, filtration devices with well-defined porosities, and controlled release materials. By controlling the size and volume fraction of the nanoparticles and the chemical nature of the ligands, nanoparticle-polymer composites can be generated where either enthalpy or entropy can be used to control the spatial distribution of the nanoparticles, thereby, producing auto-responsive materials that self-heal, self-corral assemblies of nanoparticles, or self-direct morphologies. Such systems hold great promise for generating novel optical, acoustic, electronic and magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Böker
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany95440
| | - Jinbo He
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA01003
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA01003
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA01003
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Abul Kashem MM, Perlich J, Schulz L, Roth SV, Petry W, Müller-Buschbaum P. Maghemite Nanoparticles on Supported Diblock Copolymer Nanostructures. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070782h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Abul Kashem
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Perlich
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Schulz
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. V. Roth
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W. Petry
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department LS E13, TU München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany, and HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Pich AZ, Adler HJP. Composite aqueous microgels: an overview of recent advances in synthesis, characterization and application. POLYM INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vriezema DM, Comellas Aragonès M, Elemans JAAW, Cornelissen JJLM, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Self-assembled nanoreactors. Chem Rev 2005; 105:1445-89. [PMID: 15826017 DOI: 10.1021/cr0300688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1143] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Vriezema
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Resendes R, Massey JA, Temple K, Cao L, Power-Billard KN, Winnik MA, Manners I. Supramolecular organometallic polymer chemistry: multiple morphologies and superstructures from the solution self-assembly of polyferrocene-block-polysiloxane-block-polyferrocene triblock copolymers. Chemistry 2001; 7:2414-24. [PMID: 11446644 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010601)7:11<2414::aid-chem24140>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The solution self-assembly of an organometallic-inorganic triblock copolymer, poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly-(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFDMS-b-PDMS-b-PFDMS, 3b; block ratio 1:13:1; Mn = 2.88 x 10(4) gmol(-1), polydispersity (PDI) 1.43 (gel permeation chromatography, GPC)) was studied in n-hexane, a PDMS block selective solvent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and TEM with negative staining analysis of these micellar solutions after solvent evaporation revealed the presence of multiple micellar morphologies including spheres, cylinders, and novel flower-like supramolecular aggregates. TEM analysis of samples fractionated by ultracentrifugation and preparative size-exclusion chromatography suggest that the formation of multiple morphologies is a consequence of compositional variations. When micellar solutions were prepared at 50 degrees C (above the glass transition of the PFDMS core-forming block) flower-like micellar aggregates similar to those present in micellar solutions prepared at room temperature also formed. However, after solvent evaporation, TEM analysis of micellar solutions prepared in decane at about 150 degrees C, above the melt temperature of the PFDMS core (ca. 120-145 degrees C), revealed the presence of spherical micelles (when decane solutions at 150 degrees C were rapidly cooled to room temperature) and rod-like cylindrical micelles (when decane solutions at 150 degrees C were slowly cooled to room temperature). In contrast, poly(ferrocenylmethylethylsilane)block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(ferrocenylmethylethylsilane) (PFMES-b-PDMS-b-PFMES, 4; block ratio 1:16:1; Mn=2.90x10(4)g mol(-1), PDI= 1.42 (GPC)) and poly(ferrocenylmethylphenylsilane)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(ferrocenylmethylphenylsilane) (PFMPS-b-PDMS-b-PFMPS, 5; block ratio 1:15:1; Mn=3.00 x 10(4) gmol(-1), PDI = 1.38 (GPC)), which possess completely amorphous organometallic core-forming blocks, formed only spherical micelles in hexane at room temperature. These observations indicate that crystallinity of the insoluble polyferrocenylsilane block is a critical factor in the formation of the nonspherical micelle morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Resendes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Alkylated derivatives of the iron storage protein, ferritin, have been prepared by carbodiimide-activated coupling of long chain (C9, C12, C14) primary amines to surface carboxylic acid residues. In the case of a nonyl-derivatized protein, alkylation results in covalent modification of approximately 400 of the 520 amino acid carboxyl groups in the protein molecule. The hydrophobic proteins have a net positive charge in water and can be transferred from THF/water mixtures into dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and toluene by addition of small amounts of NaCl. Transmission electron microscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicate that the hydrophobic proteins dissolve in the organic solvents as structurally intact, non-aggregated macromolecules which can be subsequently back-extracted into water.
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Resendes R, Massey JA, Dorn H, Power KN, Winnik MA, Manners I. Supramolekulare metallorganische Polymerchemie: Selbstorganisation des neuartigen Dreiblockcopolymers Poly(ferrocen)-b-polysiloxan-b-poly(ferrocen) in Lösung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990903)111:17<2738::aid-ange2738>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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