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Oto Y, Murakami N, Imatani K, Inoue T, Itabashi H, Shiraishi M, Nitta A, Matsubara K, Kobayashi S, Ihara H, Nagai T, Matsubara T. Perinatal and neonatal characteristics of Prader-Willi syndrome in Japan. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15540. [PMID: 36975754 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is suspected at birth if extreme hypotonia, difficulty in feeding, hypogonadism, and failure to thrive are present. Genetic diagnosis of PWS can generally be made within the first few months of life; however, a delayed diagnosis of PWS is frequently reported. Although the clinical characteristics of perinatal and neonatal patients with PWS have been reported, there are no such reports on the clinical characteristics of these patients in Japan. METHODS This retrospective, single-center study involved 177 Japanese patients with PWS and their medical data regarding the perinatal and neonatal periods were evaluated. RESULTS The median maternal age at birth was 34 years; 12.7% of the mothers had a history of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Of the mothers, 13.5% reported polyhydramnios and 4.3% had oligohydramnios. Decreased fetal movement during pregnancy was reported by 76% of the mothers. A total of 60.5% of patients were born by cesarean section. Genetic subtypes included deletions (66.1%), uniparental disomy (31.0%), imprinting defects (0.6%), and other or unknown subtypes (2.3%). The median birth length was 47.5 cm and the median birthweight was 2476 g. Of the 160 patients, 14 (8.8%) were classified as small for gestational age. Most patients had hypotonia (98.8%), and 89.3% required gavage feeding at birth. Breathing problems, congenital heart disease, and undescended testis were noted in 33.1%, 7.0%, and 93.5% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION In our study, higher rates of ART, polyhydramnios, decreased fetal movements, cesarean section, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and undescended testis were observed in PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Oto
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Murakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaishi Imatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Itabashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahisa Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihisa Nitta
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Collaborative Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Nagai
- Nakagawanosato Ryoiku Center, kitakatsushika-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Matsubara
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
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Chen CP, Hsu TY, Ko TM, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Wu FT, Chen YY, Lee CC, Pan CW, Wang W. Cytogenetic discrepancy between uncultured amniocytes and cultured amniocytes in mosaic trisomy 15 at amniocentesis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 59:728-35. [PMID: 32917326 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present mosaic trisomy 15 at amniocentesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 41-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation because of an abnormal non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) result suspicious of trisomy 15. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 46,XY. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on uncultured amniocytes revealed 26% mosaicism for trisomy 15. She was referred for repeat amniocentesis. aCGH, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) assays and/or conventional cytogenetic analysis were applied on various cells and tissues including uncultured amniocytes, cultured amniocytes, cord blood, placenta, parental bloods and/or buccal mucosal cells. RESULTS Repeat amniocentesis at 21 weeks of gestation revealed a karyotype of 46, XY in cultured amniocytes, and 30% mosaicism for trisomy 15 by aCGH and 32% mosaicism for trisomy 15 by FISH in uncultured amniocytes. Repeat amniocentesis at 29 weeks of gestation revealed a karyotype of 46, XY in cultured amniocytes, and 15% mosaicism for trisomy 15 by aCGH and 7.2% mosaicism for trisomy 15 by FISH in uncultured amniocytes. QF-PCR on cultured amniocytes excluded uniparental disomy (UPD) 15. A phenotypically normal baby was delivered subsequently with a karyotype of 46, XY in cord blood and 2% mosaicism for trisomy 15 by FISH in buccal mucosal cells. The aCGH analysis revealed trisomy 15 in placenta and no genomic imbalance in cord blood. QF-PCR assays determined a maternal origin of trisomy 15 in placenta. CONCLUSION Cytogenetic discrepancy may occur between uncultured and cultured amniocytes in mosaic trisomy 15 at amniocentesis. The cells of trisomy 15 cell line in prenatally detected mosaic trisomy 15 may decrease in number as the fetus grows. Whenever NIPT suspects trisomy 15, a confirmatory amniocentesis should include genetic analysis on both uncultured and cultured amniocytes to exclude mosaic trisomy 15 and maternal UPD 15, especially when the cultured amniocytes have a normal karyotype.
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Hu Y, Xue X, Fu J. Case Report: Clinical Analysis of Seven Neonates With Prader-Willi Syndrome and Review of the Literature. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:633532. [PMID: 33681108 PMCID: PMC7930218 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.633532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The clinical symptoms of neonatal Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are not typical and are easy to miss. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical features and genetic characteristics of seven cases of neonatal PWS from northern China, and to improve the understanding of PWS in neonates. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed seven infants diagnosed by methylation specific multiplex ligation probe amplification technology (MS-MLPA) in the Neonatology Unit of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from September 2016 to July 2020. Results: All seven cases involved full term or nearly full-term infants born to mothers without a history of abnormal pregnancy or delivery. Difficulty in feeding occurred immediately after birth in infants with decreased hypotonia. Five patients had characteristic craniofacial morphology, such as a prominent forehead, narrow face, almond-shaped eyes, small mouth, and downturned mouth. Further, three of the seven infants had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In addition, three neonates had hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, and idiopathic edema, respectively. PWS could be effectively diagnosed and genotyped by MS-MLPA. Conclusion: Neonates with PWS have hypotonia and feeding difficulty. Characteristic facial features and genital hypoplasia are common in neonatal PWS. Infants with PWS may be predisposed to PDA, hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, and edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - XinDong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - JianHua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Abe J, Takeda A, Saitoh S. A case of tricuspid atresia with Prader-Willi syndrome. Pediatr Int 2020; 62:1105-1106. [PMID: 32833327 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Takeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
AbstractWe have followed up a patient with 8q24.2 → qter and 15q14 → pter duplication due to a maternal reciprocal translocation, a condition related to Prader-Willi Syndrome. Apart from dysmorphic features, the patient suffered from recurring episodes of bipolar psychosis. Interestingly, PET scanning revealed revealed prominent bilateral hypometabolism in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes as well as in the cerebellum. Possible implications of this rare chromosomal abnormality with regards to psychiatric disorders are discussed, with emphasis on recent evidence suggesting chromosome 15q13-15 as a susceptiblity locus for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstr. 15, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Aparicio MV, Seidel V, Orera Clemente MA, Caballero SM, Luna MS. Mosaic trisomy 15 and prenatal genetic counselling: a case of Prader-Willi syndrome due to maternal uniparental disomy. Case Reports in Perinatal Medicine 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/crpm-2018-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chromosome abnormalities are a frequent finding in prenatal invasive testing for fetal malformations and/or growth retardation.
Case presentation
We present a case of low level (8%) mosaic trisomy 15 detected on amniocentesis after fetal heart anomalies and IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation) were found on routine scan. Postnatal karyotype confirmed a very low level (2%) mosaicism in the skin but not in blood lymphocytes or in the urine. Methylation specific testing of chromosome 15 showed maternal uniparental disomy and consequently the newborn was diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).
Conclusions
This case illustrates the need of further genetic testing in all trisomy 15 mosaicisms detected in prenatal invasive testing in order to screen for PWS, a more frequent entity than trisomy 15, altogether providing appropriate genetic counseling and adequate clinical management. The recommendation is applicable to prenatally detected mosaic trisomies of other chromosomes carrying imprinted genes, such as 7, 11 and 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Velilla Aparicio
- Gregorio Marañon University Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Pediatrics Service , Madrid , Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Pediatrics Service , Gregorio Marañon University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | - Veronica Seidel
- Clinical Genetics, Pediatrics Service , Gregorio Marañon University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Sylvia Marina Caballero
- Department of Neonatology, Pediatrics Service , Gregorio Marañon University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez Luna
- Department of Neonatology, Pediatrics Service , Gregorio Marañon University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
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Chen CP, Hung FY, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen YN, Chen SW, Yang CW, Chen WL, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of mosaicism for trisomy 15 in a single colony at amniocentesis with a favorable fetal outcome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 56:268-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Aypar U, Hoppman NL, Thorland EC, Dawson DB. Patients with mosaic methylation patterns of the Prader-Willi/Angelman Syndrome critical region exhibit AS-like phenotypes with some PWS features. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:26. [PMID: 27006693 PMCID: PMC4802915 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of expression of imprinted genes in the 15q11.2-q13 region is known to cause either Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) or Angelman syndrome (AS), depending on the parent of origin. In some patients (1 % in PWS and 2–4 % in AS), the disease is due to aberrant imprinting or gene silencing, or both. Results We report here a 4-year-old boy on whom a chromosomal microarray (CMA) was performed due to mild hand tremors, mild developmental delays, and clumsiness. CMA revealed absence of heterozygosity (AOH) spanning the entire chromosome 15, suggesting uniparental isodisomy 15. The patient had no definitive phenotypic features of PWS or AS. Methylation-sensitive multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) was performed to determine the parent of origin of the uniparental disomy (UPD) by examining methylation status at maternally imprinted sites. Interestingly, our patient had a mosaic methylation pattern. We identified nine additional previously tested patients with a similar mosaic methylation pattern. CMA was performed on these individuals retrospectively to test whether patients with mosaic methylation are more likely to have UPD of chromosome 15. Of the nine patients, only one had regions of AOH on chromosome 15; however, this patient had numerous regions of AOH on multiple chromosomes suggestive of consanguinity. Conclusion The patients with mosaic methylation had milder or atypical features of AS, and the majority also had some features characteristic of PWS. We suggest that quantitative methylation analysis be performed for cases of atypical PWS or AS. It is also important to follow up with methylation testing when whole-chromosome isodisomy is detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Aypar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Nicole L Hoppman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Erik C Thorland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - D Brian Dawson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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Chen CP, Chern SR, Chen YN, Wu PS, Yang CW, Chen LF, Wang W. Mosaic trisomy 15 at amniocentesis: Prenatal diagnosis, molecular genetic analysis and literature review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 54:426-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Natacci F, Melloni G, Motta F, Silipigni R, Doniselli F, Rizzuti T, Frigerio M, Guerneri S. Delineating the Mosaic Trisomy 15 Phenotype Using a Serendipitous Mechanism as a Clue. Cytogenet Genome Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1159/000435796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental balanced translocation is one of the traditional indications for invasive prenatal diagnosis. Usually, the diagnostic process is straightforward. Sometimes, however, results are not entirely clear and may reveal unexpected biological processes. We performed chorionic villi sampling for a paternal 8;15 reciprocal translocation in the sixth pregnancy of a Caucasian woman. Cytogenetic analysis of chorionic villi, after both short- and long-term cultures, revealed the presence of the same rearrangement found in the father as well as a trisomy 15. Surprisingly, the trisomy, which was initially expected to derive from aberrant segregation during paternal meiosis, resulted instead from maternal nondisjunction. Although a sonogram of the fetus appeared to be normal, follow-up amniocentesis demonstrated a low-level mosaic trisomy 15 in cells extracted from the amniotic fluid, while 10% of cells from fetal tissues sampled after termination of the pregnancy were also found to be trisomic. Fetal autopsy showed dysmorphic features, confirming the diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 15 and enabled deeper insight into the prenatal phenotype of this rare condition.
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Silva M, Alves C, Pedro S, Marques B, Ferreira C, Furtado J, Martins AT, Fernandes R, Correia J, Correia H. Trisomy 15 mosaicism: Challenges in prenatal diagnosis. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2847-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Silva
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Unidade de Citogenética; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; INSA I.P., Lisboa Portugal
| | - Cristina Alves
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Unidade de Citogenética; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; INSA I.P., Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sónia Pedro
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Unidade de Citogenética; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; INSA I.P., Lisboa Portugal
| | - Bárbara Marques
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Unidade de Citogenética; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; INSA I.P., Lisboa Portugal
| | - Cristina Ferreira
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Unidade de Citogenética; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; INSA I.P., Lisboa Portugal
| | - José Furtado
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Unidade de Citogenética; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; INSA I.P., Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Martins
- Centro de Diagnóstico Pré-Natal; Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central; Rua Viriato Lisboa Portugal
| | - Rosário Fernandes
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica; Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central; Rua Viriato Lisboa Portugal
| | - Joaquim Correia
- Centro de Diagnóstico Pré-Natal; Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central; Rua Viriato Lisboa Portugal
| | - Hildeberto Correia
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Unidade de Citogenética; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge; INSA I.P., Lisboa Portugal
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Morandi A, Bonnefond A, Lobbens S, Carotenuto M, Del Giudice EM, Froguel P, Maffeis C. A girl with incomplete Prader-Willi syndrome and negative MS-PCR, found to have mosaic maternal UPD-15 at SNP array. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2720-6. [PMID: 26109092 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by lack of expression of paternal allele of the 15q11.2-q13 region, due to deletions at paternal 15q11.2-q13 (<70%), maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 (mat-UPD 15) (30%) or imprinting defects (1%). Hyperphagia, intellectual disabilities/behavioral disorders, neonatal hypotonia, and hypogonadism are cardinal features for PWS. Methylation sensitive PCR (MS-PCR) of the SNRPN locus, which assesses the presence of both the unmethylated (paternal) and the methylated (maternal) allele of 15q11.2-q13, is considered a sensitive reference technique for PWS diagnosis regardless of genetic subtype. We describe a 17-year-old girl with severe obesity, short stature, and intellectual disability, without hypogonadism and history of neonatal hypotonia, who was suspected to have an incomplete PWS. The MS-PCR showed a normal pattern with similar maternal and paternal electrophoretic bands. Afterwards, a SNP array showed the presence of iso-UPD 15, that is, UPD15 with two copies of the same chromosome 15, in about 50% of cells, suggesting a diagnosis of partial PWS due to mosaic maternal iso-UPD15 arisen as rescue of a post-fertilization error. A quantitative methylation analysis confirmed the presence of mosaic UPD15 in about 50% of cells. We propose that complete clinical criteria for PWS and MS-PCR should not be considered sensitive in suspecting and diagnosing partial PWS due to mosaic UPD15. In contrast, clinical suspicion based on less restrictive criteria followed by SNP array is a more powerful approach to diagnose atypical PWS due to UPD15 mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Morandi
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS UMR 8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille, France.,Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- CNRS UMR 8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille, France.,Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille, France.,Genetic of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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McPadden J, Helm BM, Spangler BB, Ross LP, Boles DB, Schrier Vergano SA. Mosaic trisomy 15 in a liveborn infant. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:821-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob McPadden
- Department of Pediatrics; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk Virginia
| | - Benjamin M. Helm
- Department of Pediatrics; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk Virginia
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism; Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters; Norfolk Virginia
| | - Brooke B. Spangler
- Department of Pediatrics; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk Virginia
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism; Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters; Norfolk Virginia
| | | | - Debra B. Boles
- Quest Diagnostics; Nichols Institute; Chantilly Virginia
| | - Samantha A. Schrier Vergano
- Department of Pediatrics; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk Virginia
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism; Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters; Norfolk Virginia
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Zilina O, Kahre T, Talvik I, Oiglane-Shlik E, Tillmann V, Ounap K. Mosaicism for maternal uniparental disomy 15 in a boy with some clinical features of Prader-Willi syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:279-83. [PMID: 24704109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by the lack of paternal expression of imprinted genes in the human chromosomal region 15q11.2-q13.2, which can be due to an interstitial deletion at 15q11.2-q13 of paternal origin (65-75%), maternal uniparental disomy (matUPD) of chromosome 15 (20-30%), or an imprinting defect (1-3%). The majority of PWS-associated matUPD15 cases represent a complete heterodisomy of chromosome 15 or a mixture of hetero- and isodisomic regions across the chromosome 15. Pure maternal isodisomy is observed in only a few matUPD15 patients. Here we report a case of an 18-year-old boy with some clinical features of Prader-Willi syndrome, such as overweight, muscular hypotonia, facial dysmorphism and psychiatric problems, but there was no reason to suspect PWS in the patient based solely on the phenotype estimation. However, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) revealed mosaic loss of heterozygosity of the entire chromosome 15. Methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependant probe amplification (MS-MLPA) analysis showed hypermethylation of the SNRPN and NDN genes in the PWS/AS critical region of chromosome 15 in this patient. Taking into consideration the MS-MLPA results and the presence of PWS features in the patient, we concluded that it was matUPD15, although the patient's parents were not enrolled in the study. According to CMA and karyotyping, no trisomic or monosomic cells were present. To the best of our knowledge, only two PWS cases with mosaic maternal isodisomy 15 and without trisomic/monosomic cell lines have been reported so far.
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Izumi K, Santani AB, Deardorff MA, Feret HA, Tischler T, Thiel BD, Mulchandani S, Stolle CA, Spinner NB, Zackai EH, Conlin LK. Mosaic maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 in Prader-Willi syndrome: utility of genome-wide SNP array. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 161A:166-71. [PMID: 23225330 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by the loss of paternal gene expression on 15q11.2-q13.2, and one of the mechanisms resulting in Prader-Willi syndrome phenotype is maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15. Various mechanisms including trisomy rescue, monosomy rescue, and post fertilization errors can lead to uniparental disomy, and its mechanism can be inferred from the pattern of uniparental hetero and isodisomy. Detection of a mosaic cell line provides a unique opportunity to understand the mechanism of uniparental disomy; however, mosaic uniparental disomy is a rare finding in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. We report on two infants with Prader-Willi syndrome caused by mosaic maternal uniparental disomy 15. Patient 1 has mosaic uniparental isodisomy of the entire chromosome 15, and Patient 2 has mosaic uniparental mixed iso/heterodisomy 15. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array was able to demonstrate the presence of chromosomally normal cell line in the Patient 1 and trisomic cell line in Patient 2, and provide the evidence that post-fertilization error and trisomy rescue as a mechanism of uniparental disomy in each case, respectively. Given its ability of detecting small percent mosaicism as well as its capability of identifying the loss of heterozygosity of chromosomal regions, genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array should be utilized as an adjunct to the standard methylation analysis in the evaluation of Prader-Willi syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Prontera P, Buldrini B, Aiello V, Gruppioni R, Bonfatti A, Venti G, Ferlini A, Sensi A, Calzolari E, Donti E. Trisomy 15 mosaicism owing to familial reciprocal translocation t(1;15): implication for prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:571-6. [PMID: 16683276 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 4-year-old female child with severe global mental retardation, myoclonic epilepsy, proximal hypotonia and dysmorphisms, whose prenatal diagnosis following amniocentesis revealed a constitutional female karyotype carrying a t(1;15)(q10;p11) familial reciprocal translocation. Post-natal high-resolution karyotype, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) screening for subtelomeric rearrangements, VNTR search for UPD15 in the blood and fibroblast, and WCP1 and 15 in the mother, failed to provide an explanation for the complex clinical phenotype of the proband. Since the pachytene configuration of the translocated chromosomes defines a high probability of 3:1 segregation, an extensive workup was undertaken to look for a possibly cryptic mosaicism. Four percent of the cells with trisomy 15 was found in the peripheral blood lymphocytes examined by classical cytogenetic technique and interphase FISH analysis. The clinical features associated with cryptic trisomy 15 mosaicism and the problems concerning prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling for carriers of translocations at high risk of 3:1 segregation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Prontera
- University of Ferrara, Medical genetics Unit Via Fossato di Mortara, Italy.
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Abstract
The predominance of females segregating chromosome aberrations to their offspring has been explained mostly by selection disadvantage of unbalanced products of spermatogenesis. However, analysis of data from the literature supports the idea that somatic cells of early female embryos are similar to female germ cells in that they are prone to malsegregation. The goal of this study was to compare the sex ratio (male to female ratio) of carriers of presumably mitotic-occurring chromosome abnormalities to identify any sex biases. In examining the literature, we found a female prevalence in cases of mosaicism associated with uniparental disomy (UPD) (26 male individuals/conceptions and 45 female individuals/conceptions, sex ratio is 0.58, significantly different from 1.06 in newborn population, P = 0.0292). This predominance was highest at gestational age <16 week (8 male and 22 female conceptuses, sex ratio is 0.36, significantly different from expected figure of 1.28, P = 0.0025), which diminished at later stages of fetal development indicating potential correction of trisomies predominantly in females. There is a threefold prevalence of 46,XX/45,X mosaics over 46,XY/45,X mosaics in prenatally diagnosed cases, which also suggests a gender-specific postzygotic chromosome loss. The male prevalence in Prader-Willi syndrome with maternal UPD of chromosome 15 also can be explained by sex-specific trisomy correction, with predominant loss of a maternal chromosome causing biparental inheritance and therefore, complete correction of trisomy in females (without UPD). Finally, there is a female predominance in carriers of chromosome rearrangement with pericentromere break (mosaicism for Robertsonian translocation/isochromosome, centric fission, nonacrocentric isochromosome, and whole arm rearrangement), in both prenatal (21 males and 36 females, sex ratio is 0.58, P < 0.0184) and postnatal ill-defined cases (14 males and 35 females, sex ratio is 0.40, P = 0.001). Thus, the findings presented in this paper suggest that, in addition to reduction in male fertility, and to probable selection against abnormal cell line(s), there are two mechanisms that contribute to female preponderance among carriers of mosaicism: sex-specific chromosome loss and sex-specific centromere instability. The data obtained suggest that females may have gonadal mosaicism for aneuploidies and structural rearrangements more often than males. This may lead to the maternal origin bias in offspring with trisomies or structural rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Kovaleva
- St. Petersburg Centre for Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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Knauer-Fischer SA, Richter-Unruh A, Albrecht B, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Hauffa BP. Mosaic trisomy 15 in a short girl with hemihypotrophy and mental retardation. Clin Dysmorphol 2004; 13:183-186. [PMID: 15194957 DOI: 10.1097/01.mcd.0000134478.87995.4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a girl with short stature, mild mental retardation, hemihypotrophy, atrial septal defect I, bilateral branchial cleft fistulas and abnormal skin pigmentation. Growth hormone deficiency and other frequent causes of short stature were excluded. Blood karyotype was investigated twice. In one sample an additional marker chromosome was found in one of 53 analysed metaphases, which could not be further characterized, whereas a second investigation showed a normal female karyotype. Cytogenetic studies in skin fibroblasts revealed a mosaic trisomy 15. Although mosaic trisomy 15 is a rare finding the diagnosis must be considered in the presence of pigmentary changes, body asymmetry, short stature and other minor dysmorphic signs even if blood karyotype is normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A Knauer-Fischer
- University Children's Hospital Essen, Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology and Endocrinology Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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Tsai ACH, Gibby T, Beischel L, McGavran L, Johnson JP. A child with Angelman syndrome and trisomy 13 findings due to associated paternal UPD 15 and segmental UPD 13. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 126A:208-12. [PMID: 15057988 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A child with Angelman syndrome, cutis aplasia, cleft palate, and congenital microform cleft lip, born to a father with a Robertsonian translocation 13;15 is described. Molecular studies using polymorphic markers on chromosomes 15 and 13 showed paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) 15 and segmental UPD 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chun-Hui Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, The Children's Hospital, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 1056 E. 19th Avenue, B300, Denver, CO 80218, USA.
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Abstract
We report a case of mosaic trisomy 15 with mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, and hemihypertrophy, but no manifestations of Prader-Willi or Angelman syndromes. Mosaic trisomy 15 (11%) was discovered at the amniocentesis. Uniparental disomy for chromosome 15 was excluded by molecular analysis. Post-natal blood karyotype and examination were normal. Mosaic was confirmed on skin fibroblasts, placenta and cord. Evolution was marked by progressive right hemi-hypertrophy, and developmental delay. Our case is the first patient reported with hemihypertrophy associated with mosaic trisomy 15. The relevant literature is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gérard-Blanluet
- Service de Pédiatrie Néonatale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, 40 Avenue de Verdun, 94010, Créteil, France.
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Kantaputra PN, Kunachaichote J, Patikulsila P. Mental retardation, obesity, mandibular prognathism with eye and skin anomalies (MOMES Syndrome): A newly recognized autosomal recessive syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Since the initial medical description by Prader, Labhart and Willi in 1956 of individuals with overlapping features, the Prader-Willi syndrome has become recognized as a classical but sporadic genetic syndrome. Prader-Willi syndrome is the most common genetic cause of life-threatening obesity in humans. It is estimated that there are 350,000-400,000 people with this syndrome worldwide. Prader-Willi Syndrome Association USA knows of more than 3,400 persons with Prader-Willi syndrome in the USA out of an approximate 17,000-22,000. Prader-Willi syndrome with an incidence of 1 in 10,000 to 25,000 individuals and Angelman syndrome, an entirely different clinical condition, were the first examples in humans of genetic imprinting. Genetic imprinting or the differential expression of genetic information depending on the parent of origin plays a significant role in other conditions including malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin G Butler
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics (M.G.B.), Kansas City, Missouri; and John F. Kennedy Center (T.T.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Travis Thompson
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics (M.G.B.), Kansas City, Missouri; and John F. Kennedy Center (T.T.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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