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Di Nora A, Lena G, Giugno A, Di Mari A, Smilari P, Minardi C, Pavone P. Pure Interstitial 7q21.3-q 31.1 Duplication: A Rare Segmental Genomic Aneuploidy: Case Report and Review of Cases with Distal and Similar Segment Involved. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:123-128. [PMID: 34430965 PMCID: PMC8378915 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In children with developmental delay (DD) and neurologic impairment, diagnosis can be challenging because of the wide spectrum of causes. Since the last decade, the use of array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) offered a great contribution to get a diagnosis in complex phenotypes. The chromosome 7 is subject of interest in medical genetics because of its frequent association with chromosome aberrations, rearrangements, and deletions involving clinical manifestations. We hereby reported a 3-year-old male child patient with severe neuro-DD, craniofacial dysmorphisms, and pulmonary stenosis, whose array CGH analysis disclosed a duplication of 14.4 Mb on chromosome 7 (7q21.3-7q31.1). By reviewing the current literature to date, we first reported on neurologic and dysmorphic anomalies related to this rearrangement which was not previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Nora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Germana Lena
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Giugno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Mari
- Department of Radiology, Postgraduate Training Program in Radiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Smilari
- Department of Pediatric and Pediatric Neurology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Minardi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital “G. Rodolico” of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Piero Pavone
- Department of Pediatric and Pediatric Neurology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Wu M, Zheng X, Wang X, Zhang G, Kuang J. 4q27 deletion and 7q36.1 microduplication in a patient with multiple malformations and hearing loss: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:31. [PMID: 32126996 PMCID: PMC7055054 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome deletions of the long arm of chromosome 4 in 4q syndrome are characterized by mild facial and digital dysmorphism, developmental delay, growth retardation, and skeletal and cardiac anomalies, which is regarded as an autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, some scarce reports indicate that patients with 4q interstitial deletion and 7p duplication may present symptoms associated with hearing loss. CASE PRESENTATION A boy with a severe developmental delay not only post-natal but also intrauterine and several dysmorphic features including microcephaly, ocular hypertelorism, exophthalmos, low-set ears, single palmar flexion crease, and overlapping toes presented discontinued cyanosis and recurrent respiratory infections. MRI, BAEP, echocardiogram and bronchoscopy revealed that he had persistent falcine sinus with a thin corpus callosum, left auditory pathway disorder, patent foramen ovale (2 mm), and tracheobronchomalacia with the right superior bronchus arising from the lateral posterior wall of the right main bronchus. Finally, the patient died with severe pneumonia at 10 months. Array CGH revealed a 23.62 Mb deletion at chromosome 4q27, arr [hg19] 4q27-q31.21 (121, 148, 089-144, 769, 263) × 1, and a 0.85 Mb duplication at chromosome 7q36.1, arr [hg19] 7q36.1-q36.2 (152, 510, 685-153, 363,5 98) × 3. It is rare for 4q syndrome cases or 7q duplications previously reported to have a hearing disorder, pulmonary dysplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. CONCLUSIONS The phenotype of our patient mainly reflects the effects of haploinsufficiency of FGF2, SPATA5, NAA15, SMAD1, HHIP genes combined with a microduplication of 7q36.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangrong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Paththinige CS, Sirisena ND, Kariyawasam UGIU, Ediriweera RC, Kruszka P, Muenke M, Dissanayake VHW. A child with multiple congenital anomalies due to partial trisomy 7q22.1 → qter resulting from a maternally inherited balanced translocation: a case report and review of literature. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:44. [PMID: 29739404 PMCID: PMC5941489 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parental balanced reciprocal translocations can result in partial aneuploidies in the offspring due to unbalanced meiotic segregation during gametogenesis. Herein, we report the phenotypic and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a 2 years and 4 months old female child with partial trisomy 7q22 → qter. This is the first such reported case resulting from a parental balanced translocation involving the long arms of chromosomes 7 and 14. The phenotype of the proband was compared with that of previously reported cases of trisomy 7q21 → qter or 7q22 → qter resulting from parental balanced translocations. Case presentation The proband was born pre-term to a 34-year-old mother with a history of two first trimester miscarriages and an early infant death. She was referred at the age of 8 months for genetic evaluation due to prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, developmental delay and multiple congenital anomalies. On clinical evaluation, she had craniofacial dysmorphic features such as scaphocephaly, large anterior fontanelle with open posterior fontanelle, prominent occiput, triangular face, high forehead, hypertelorism, down slanting eyes, flat nasal bridge, small nose, low set ears, micro-retrognathia, high arched palate and short neck. Cranial computerized tomography scan showed lateral ventriculomegaly with features of early cerebral atrophy. Conventional cytogenetic analysis showed the karyotype 46,XX,der(14)t(7;14)(q22;q32)mat in the proband due to an unbalanced segregation of a maternal balanced translocation t(7;14)(q22;q32). Fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis confirmed the partial trisomy 7q22 → qter in the proband with a minimal loss of genetic material on chromosome 14. Single nucleotide polymorphism array further confirmed the duplication on chromosome 7q22.1 → qter and a small terminal deletion on chromosome 14q32.3 → qter. Conclusion We report the longest-surviving child with trisomy 7q22 → qter due to a parental balanced translocation between chromosomes 7 and 14. Clinical features observed in the proband were consistent with the consensus phenotype of partial trisomy 7q22 → qter reported in the scientific literature. Early diagnosis of these patients using molecular cytogenetic techniques is important for establishing the precise diagnosis and for making decisions pertaining to the prognostication and management of affected individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0366-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Paththinige
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka. .,Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, 50008, Sri Lanka.
| | - N D Sirisena
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - U G I U Kariyawasam
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - R C Ediriweera
- Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - P Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V H W Dissanayake
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka
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Ruiz-Botero F, Pachajoa H. Deletion 21q22.3 and duplication 7q35q36.3 in a Colombian girl: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:204. [PMID: 27459995 PMCID: PMC4962380 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-0988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic disorders are a major cause in the etiology of cases with intellectual disability; however, analysis by a conventional technique such as cytogenetic karyotyping only allows the detection of chromosomal alterations in approximately 9.5 % of cases. The inclusion of new technologies such as high resolution microarray analysis has allowed the study of alterations in chromosomal segments that are less than 5 Mb in length; this has led to an increase in the diagnosis of these patients of up to 25 %. CASE PRESENTATION We report the first case of an 8-year-old Colombian girl of mixed race ancestry (Mestizo), with clinical features that include: delayed psychomotor and language development, intellectual disability, upward slanting palpebral fissures, divergent strabismus, low-set and rotated ears, tall and broad nasal bridge, flat philtrum, bifid uvula, posterior cleft palate, increased anteroposterior diameter of her chest, congenital heart defect type interventricular communication, scoliosis, and umbilical hernia. Genetic analysis was performed using comparative genomic hybridization array, which evidenced the deletion of a region of approximately 3.608 Mb on chromosome 21q22.3, and a duplication of 12.326 Mb on chromosome 7q35q36.3, these alterations affect approximately 112 and 186 genes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS To date, this is the first report of an associated terminal deletion of 21q and 7q duplication in a patient with delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability. We consider that future implementation of exome and RNA sequencing techniques, and analysis of their proteomic expression in a clinical context could lead to better analysis and interpretation of the genotype-phenotype correlation in cases similar to that described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ruiz-Botero
- Faculty of Health, Universidad Icesi, Research Centre on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Calle 18 No. 122-135, bloque L, Oficina: 5025A Pance, Cali, Colombia
| | - Harry Pachajoa
- Faculty of Health, Universidad Icesi, Research Centre on Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases (CIACER), Calle 18 No. 122-135, bloque L, Oficina: 5025A Pance, Cali, Colombia.
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Alfonsi M, Palka C, Morizio E, Gatta V, Franchi S, Guanciali Franchi P, Zori R, Calabrese G, Palka G, Chiarelli F. A new case of pure partial 7q duplication. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 136:1-5. [PMID: 22086126 DOI: 10.1159/000334111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on an 18-month-old boy conceived by assisted reproduction technology with developmental delay, hypotonia, microcephaly, frontal bossing, a mild convergent squint, malformed ears, and a short neck. Karyotype analysis revealed a de novo 7q21.1q22.3 duplication characterized by array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) as a segment of 18.69 Mb. Duplications of the long arm of chromosome 7 are uncommon. There are 18 reported cases of different 7q segments with a pure duplication with no additional deletion of other chromosomes. As a consequence, duplications of chromosome 7q have been classified in 4 groups on the basis of the involved region. The present case is included in group 3 which involves interstitial duplications of different sizes. In the literature, only one case with an apparently smaller duplication of the same region has been described. Despite this, the phenotype is different. Moreover, the 2 patients share some phenotypic features, such as psychomotor delay, hypotonia, frontal bossing, short neck, and strabismus. However, the absence of physical characterization in most of the reported cases could justify the lacking phenotype-genotype correlation in patients with partial 7q duplication. Further studies using recent molecular approaches such as array-CGH might permit a more clinically useful grouping of 7q duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alfonsi
- Department of Oral Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
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Morales C, Madrigal I, Esqué T, de la Fuente JE, Rodríguez JM, Margarit E, Soler A, Sánchez A. Duplication/deletion mosaicism of the 7q(21.1 --> 31.3) region. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:179-83. [PMID: 17163539 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mosaicism for structural aberrations is a rare event and the coexistence of a cell line with a duplication and another with a deletion of the same chromosome segment is even more infrequent. We report a boy with a 46,XY,del(7q)/46,XY,dup(7q) mosaicism. High-resolution cytogenetic analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) performed at birth showed a trisomy for region 7q21.1 to 7q31.3 in 90% of metaphases analyzed and monosomy for the same region in 10% of metaphases. At the age of 12 months, karyotype on peripheral blood and exfoliated urinary epithelial cells was 46,XY,dup(7)(q21.1q31.3) in all cells analyzed. The patient presented malformations and psychomotor retardation. His phenotype is compared with other previously case reports describing patients with an interstitial duplication of 7(q21 or q22 --> q31.3). Due to the absence of a normal cell line, we propose a post-zygotic origin of the abnormality during the first mitotic division and a progressive loss of the deleted cells during pre- and post-natal development by selective pressure. The patient described here emphasizes the possible existence of an undetectable cell line in patients previously diagnosed of pure partial 7q trisomy or monosomy to explain the great clinical variability between reported patients. We also describe the culture of urinary epithelial cells in order to perform cytogenetic analysis as a useful non-invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Morales
- Servei de Genètica, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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Petek E, Windpassinger C, Vincent JB, Cheung J, Boright AP, Scherer SW, Kroisel PM, Wagner K. Disruption of a novel gene (IMMP2L) by a breakpoint in 7q31 associated with Tourette syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68:848-58. [PMID: 11254443 PMCID: PMC1275638 DOI: 10.1086/319523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2001] [Accepted: 02/13/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple motor and phonic tics. We identified a male patient with GTS and other anomalies. It was determined that he carried a de novo duplication of the long arm of chromosome 7 [46,XY,dup(7)(q22.1-q31.1)]. Further molecular analysis revealed that the duplication was inverted. The distal chromosomal breakpoint occurred between the two genetic markers D7S515 and D7S522, which define a region previously shown to be disrupted in a familiar case of GTS. Yeast and bacterial artificial chromosome clones spanning the breakpoints were identified by means of FISH analysis. To further characterize the distal breakpoint for a role in GTS, we performed Southern blot hybridization analysis and identified a 6.5-kb SacI junction fragment in the patient's genomic DNA. The DNA sequence of this fragment revealed two different breaks in 7q31 within a region of approximately 500 kb. IMMP2L, a novel gene coding for the apparent human homologue of the yeast mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase subunit 2, was found to be disrupted by both the breakpoint in the duplicated fragment and the insertion site in 7q31. The cDNA of the human IMMP2L gene was cloned, and analysis of the complete 1,522-bp transcript revealed that it encompassed six exons spanning 860 kb. The possible role of IMMP2L and several other candidate genes within the region of chromosomal rearrangement, including NRCAM, Leu-Rch Rep, and Reelin, is discussed. The 7q31 breakpoint interval has also been implicated in other neuropsychiatric diseases that demonstrate some clinical overlap with GTS, including autism and speech-language disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Petek
- University of Graz, Institute for Medical Biology and Human Genetics, Graz, Austria.
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