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Chen L, Liu LT, Sun MJ, He SR, Liu DG. [Practical application of the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2024; 53:470-476. [PMID: 38678328 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20231012-00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To validate the diagnostic performance of the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology (TPS). Methods: A total of 7 046 urine cytology samples from 3 402 patients collected in the Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, China from January 2020 to January 2022 were analyzed. 488 patients had a biopsy or resection specimen during the follow-up period of 6 months. The sensitivity, specificity, risk of malignancy (ROM) and risk of high-grade malignancy (ROHM) of the TPS were evaluated using histological diagnosis as the golden standard. Results: Among the 7 046 samples, high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) accounted for 5.7% (399/7 046), suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC) for 3.2% (227/7 046), atypical urothelial cells (AUC) for 8.4% (593/7 046), and negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC) for 72.9% (5 139/7 046) including low-grade urothelial neoplasm (LGUN) for 0.8% (59/7 046) and insufficient samples for 9.8% (688/7 046). 488 patients had a bladder biopsy or resection in the follow-up of six months, including 314 males and 174 females, aged 27 to 92 years (average, 66 years). The ROHM of TPS was 94.7% in HGUC, 83.3% in SHGUC, 41.3% in AUC and 18.8% in NHGUC. The sensitivity and specificity of urine cytology were 70.1% (169/241) and 97.0% (162/167), respectively. The negative predictive value of NHGUC was 69.2% (162/234). Conclusions: The study has shown that TPS classification has high sensitivity and specificity, high ROHM for HGUC and SHGUC, and high negative predictive value for NHGUC. The application of TPS reporting system can better interpret the clinical significance of cytology samples, improve the accuracy of urine cytopathology and ensure continuous diagnostic consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L T Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - M J Sun
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - S R He
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - D G Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Mazzinghi B, Melica ME, Lasagni L, Romagnani P, Lazzeri E. Renal Progenitors Derived from Urine for Personalized Diagnosis of Kidney Diseases. Kidney Blood Press Res 2024; 49:258-265. [PMID: 38527442 DOI: 10.1159/000538507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease affects 10% of the world population, and it is associated with progression to end-stage kidney disease and increased morbidity and mortality. The advent of multi-omics technologies has expanded our knowledge on the complexity of kidney diseases, revealing their frequent genetic etiology, particularly in children and young subjects. Genetic heterogeneity and drug screening require patient-derived disease models to establish a correct diagnosis and evaluate new potential treatments and outcomes. SUMMARY Patient-derived renal progenitors can be isolated from urine to set up proper disease modeling. This strategy allows to make diagnosis of genetic kidney disease in patients carrying unknown significance variants or uncover variants missed from peripheral blood analysis. Furthermore, urinary-derived tubuloids obtained from renal progenitors of patients appear to be potentially valuable for modeling kidney diseases to test ex vivo treatment efficacy or to develop new therapeutic approaches. Finally, renal progenitors derived from urine can provide insights into acute kidney injury and predict kidney function recovery and outcome. KEY MESSAGES Renal progenitors derived from urine are a promising new noninvasive and easy-to-handle tool, which improves the rate of diagnosis and the therapeutic choice, paving the way toward a personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Mazzinghi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Melica
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lasagni
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lazzeri
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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McKay GN, Oommen A, Pacheco C, Chen MT, Ray SC, Vidal R, Haeffele BD, Durr NJ. Lens Free Holographic Imaging for Urinary Tract Infection Screening. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:1053-1061. [PMID: 36129868 PMCID: PMC10027617 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3208220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) currently requires precise specimen collection, handling infectious human waste, controlled urine storage, and timely transportation to modern laboratory equipment for analysis. Here we investigate holographic lens free imaging (LFI) to show its promise for enabling automatic urine analysis at the patient bedside. METHODS We introduce an LFI system capable of resolving important urine clinical biomarkers such as red blood cells, white blood cells, crystals, and casts in 2 mm thick urine phantoms. RESULTS This approach is sensitive to the particulate concentrations relevant for detecting several clinical urine abnormalities such as hematuria and pyuria, linearly correlating to ground truth hemacytometer measurements with R 2 = 0.9941 and R 2 = 0.9973, respectively. We show that LFI can estimate E. coli concentrations of 10 3 to 10 5 cells/mL by counting individual cells, and is sensitive to concentrations of 10 5 cells/mL to 10 8 cells/mL by analyzing hologram texture. Further, LFI measurements of blood cell concentrations are relatively insensitive to changes in bacteria concentrations of over seven orders of magnitude. Lastly, LFI reveals clear differences between UTI-positive and UTI-negative urine from human patients. CONCLUSION LFI is sensitive to clinically-relevant concentrations of bacteria, blood cells, and other sediment in large urine volumes. SIGNIFICANCE Together, these results show promise for LFI as a tool for urine screening, potentially offering early, point-of-care detection of UTI and other pathological processes.
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Olsson PO, Yeonwoo J, Park K, Yoo YM, Hwang WS. Live births from urine derived cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278607. [PMID: 36696395 PMCID: PMC9876353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report urine-derived cell (UDC) culture and subsequent use for cloning which resulted in the successful development of cloned canine pups, which have remained healthy into adulthood. Bovine UDCs were used in vitro to establish comparative differences between cell sources. UDCs were chosen as a readily available and noninvasive source for obtaining cells. We analyzed the viability of cells stored in urine over time and could consistently culture cells which had remained in urine for 48hrs. Cells were shown to be viable and capable of being transfected with plasmids. Although primarily of epithelial origin, cells were found from multiple lineages, indicating that they enter the urine from more than one source. Held in urine, at 4°C, the majority of cells maintained their membrane integrity for several days. When compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF) derived embryos or those from traditional SCNT, UDC derived embryos did not differ in total cell number or in the number of DNA breaks, measured by TUNEL stain. These results indicate that viable cells can be obtained from multiple species' urine, capable of being used to produce live offspring at a comparable rate to other cell sources, evidenced by a 25% pregnancy rate and 2 live births with no losses in the canine UDC cloning trial. This represents a noninvasive means to recover the breeding capacity of genetically important or infertile animals. Obtaining cells in this way may provide source material for human and animal studies where cells are utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyumi Park
- Department of Companion Animal & Animal Resources Science, Joongbu University, Geumsan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Yoo
- Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - W. S. Hwang
- UAE Biotech Research Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- * E-mail:
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Sanaei‐Ardekani M, Kamal S, Handy W, Alam S, Salaheldin A, Moore A, Movafagh S. Suppression of collagen IV alpha-2 subunit by prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibition via hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in chronic kidney disease. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00872. [PMID: 34617686 PMCID: PMC8495681 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 protein has been shown to be protective in acute kidney injury and HIF1α enhancing drug therapies are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Despite its benefits, long-term HIF1 elevation seems to be associated with additional effects in the kidneys such as tubulointerstitial fibrosis. To better understand the effects of prolonged HIF1 exposure, assessment of baseline and post-therapy levels of HIF1α and other related biomarkers is essential. In this study, we assessed the effect of HIF1α enhancement using prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (PHD-I) DMOG, on a key profibrotic marker of kidney disease. In specific, we examined the change in expression of Collagen 4 subunit A2 in cultured urinary cells of CKD patients pre and post 24-hour exposure to 1mM DMOG. Our results show that besides HIF1α enhancement, COL4A2 protein is suppressed in presence of DMOG. To determine if this effect is mediated by HIF1, we used HIF1α gene silencing in HEK293 cells and examined the effect of DMOG on protein and gene expression of COL4A2 post 24-hour exposure. We showed that silencing HIF1α reverses and amplifies the expression of COL4A2 in HEK293 cells. Our data suggest that HIF1 directly regulates the expression of COL4A2 in kidney cells and that HIF1α enhancing therapy has suppressive effects on COL4A2 that may be clinically relevant and must be considered in determining the safety and efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyreen Kamal
- Bernard J Dunn School of PharmacyShenandoah UniversityFairfaxVirginiaUSA
| | - Whitney Handy
- Bernard J Dunn School of PharmacyShenandoah UniversityFairfaxVirginiaUSA
| | - Sidrah Alam
- Bernard J Dunn School of PharmacyShenandoah UniversityFairfaxVirginiaUSA
| | - Aya Salaheldin
- Bernard J Dunn School of PharmacyShenandoah UniversityFairfaxVirginiaUSA
| | - Anderson Moore
- Bernard J Dunn School of PharmacyShenandoah UniversityFairfaxVirginiaUSA
| | - Shahrzad Movafagh
- Department of PharmacogenomicsShenandoah University School of PharmacyINOVA Center for Personalized MedicineFairfaxVirginiaUSA
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Pan W, Xu X, Zhang M, Song X. Human urine-derived stem cell-derived exosomal miR-21-5p promotes neurogenesis to attenuate Rett syndrome via the EPha4/TEK axis. J Transl Med 2021; 101:824-836. [PMID: 33976355 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that results in multiple disabilities. Exosomal microRNA (miRs) from urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have been shown to induce neurogenesis and aid in functional recovery from brain ischemia. In the present study, we sought to determine whether that exosomal miR-21-5p from USCs could promote early neural formation in a model of RTT. USCs were isolated and evaluated by flow cytometry. Exosomes were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), and western blotting. PKH26 fluorescent dyes were used to observe intake of exosomes in vivo and in vitro. An RTT mouse model was treated with exosomes for behavioral studies. Dual-luciferase report gene assays were conducted to evaluate the relationship between miR-21-5p and Eph receptor A4 (EphA4). In vitro, treatment with exosomes from human urine-derived stem cells (USC-Exos) increased the percentage of neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1)+ nerve cells as well as the transcription levels of β-III tubulin and doublecortin (DCX). A higher level of miR-21-5p was observed in USC-Exos, which promoted differentiation in NSCs by targeting the EPha4/TEK axis. In vivo, exosomal miR-21-5p improved the behavior, motor coordination, and cognitive ability of mice, facilitated the differentiation of NSCs in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and promoted a marked rise in the number of DCX+ cells. Our data provide evidence that exosomal miR-21-5p from human USCs facilitate early nerve formation by regulating the EPha4/TEK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoheng Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Wang G, Jing J. Sysmex UF-5000 Automatic Urine Sediment Analyzer Can Improve the Accuracy of Epithelial Cell Detection. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2021; 51:562-569. [PMID: 34452897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the consistency and accuracy of all the parameters of the urine samples detected by two automated urine sediment analyzers from Sysmex Corporation. METHODS Two automated analyzers and manual microscopy examined 1,059 urine samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were evaluated. The consistency of all the parameters was tested. The influencing factors of false positive and false negative samples were analyzed and compared. RESULTS All the parameters had good specificity, negative predictive value, and coincidence rate (83.95%-99.61%). The RBC, WBC, and X'TAL analyzed by UF-5000 and UF-1000i exhibited good agreement (Kappa=0.597-0.784) with those by manual microscopy. The overall concordance rates of RBC and WBC were good (RBC: r=0.9842, CCC=0.9693; WBC: r=0.9955, CCC=0.9711). Among the influencing factors, mucus filament accounted for a large proportion, which mainly affected the detection of CAST. Concurrently, the false-positive factors of EC detection were reduced, and CAST did not affect the detection of EC. CONCLUSION The parameters of the two instruments tested have shown high accuracy, consistency, coincidence rate, and low negative predictive value for RBC and WBC, which has ensured that UF-5000 and UF-1000i meet the clinical requirements for urine tests for disease screening. For the samples with poor consistency and false-positive factors, a conventional microscopic examination should be applied to verify the accuracy of the instrument detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital A!liated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhishan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital A!liated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenzhong Lin
- Central Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital A!liated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Central Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital A!liated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gangqiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Lilli L, Giarnieri E, Scardapane S. A Calibrated Multiexit Neural Network for Detecting Urothelial Cancer Cells. Comput Math Methods Med 2021; 2021:5569458. [PMID: 34234839 PMCID: PMC8216797 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5569458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Deep convolutional networks have become a powerful tool for medical imaging diagnostic. In pathology, most efforts have been focused in the subfield of histology, while cytopathology (which studies diagnostic tools at the cellular level) remains underexplored. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model for cancer detection from urinary cytopathology screening images. We leverage recent ideas from the field of multioutput neural networks to provide a model that can efficiently train even on small-scale datasets, such as those typically found in real-world scenarios. Additionally, we argue that calibration (i.e., providing confidence levels that are aligned with the ground truth probability of an event) has been a major shortcoming of prior works, and we experiment a number of techniques to provide a well-calibrated model. We evaluate the proposed algorithm on a novel dataset, and we show that the combination of focal loss, multiple outputs, and temperature scaling provides a model that is significantly more accurate and calibrated than a baseline deep convolutional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Lilli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - E. Giarnieri
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S. Scardapane
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Hu C, He Y, Liu D, Zhao L, Fang S, Tan B, Dong S, Wang Y, He T, Bi Y. Hypoxia Preconditioning Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells in Chronically Injured Liver of Mice by Upregulating CXCR4. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:526-536. [PMID: 33715421 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies reported that urine-derived stem cells (USCs) possess a strong self-renewal ability and multidirectional differentiation potential and thus are an ideal candidate cell source for hepatocellular transplantation. USC transplantation may repair the pathological changes of chronic liver injury to a certain extent, and hypoxia pretreatment may improve the recovery efficiency of USCs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of the improved recovery efficiency of hypoxia-pretreated USCs. A chronic liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride into nude mice. USCs were transplanted via caudal vein injection. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's staining were performed to determine the pathology of the liver. Immunofluorescence and frozen section biopsy were performed to determine differentiation and cell fusion in vivo. Cell coculture was used to detect cell fusion in vitro. The proliferative ability of USCs was evaluated using cell viability and colony formation assays, and the migratory functions of USCs were evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays. The degeneration of hepatocytes and the level of fibrosis in the hypoxia transplantation group were improved compared with the normoxia transplantation group. It was found that exogenous USCs may be differentiated into functional hepatocytes or fused with hepatocytes in vivo. C-X-C motif chemokine (CXC) ligand 12 (CXCL12) expression levels in liver tissue of the chronic liver injury model were upregulated compared with those in the control group. The expression of CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) in hypoxia-pretreated USCs was also significantly upregulated. The results suggested that USCs fused with different types of liver cells and that hypoxia treatment promoted the fusion rate in vitro by upregulating CXCR4 signaling. Furthermore, hypoxia pretreatment promoted cell proliferation, migration, and cell fusion by inducing CXCR4 signaling, leading to USC-elicited liver tissue recovery following injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Hu
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yun He
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Daijiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Fang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Tan
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shifang Dong
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tongchuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
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An J, Kim JB, Yang EY, Kim HO, Lee WH, Yang J, Kwon H, Paik NS, Lim W, Kim YK, Moon BI. Bacterial extracellular vesicles affect endocrine therapy in MCF7 cells. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25835. [PMID: 33950995 PMCID: PMC8104188 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND : The microbiome is important in the development and progression of breast cancer. This study investigated the effects of microbiome derived from Klebsiella on endocrine therapy of breast cancer using MCF7 cells. The bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) that affect endocrine therapy were established through experiments focused on tamoxifen efficacy. METHODS : The microbiomes of breast cancer patients and healthy controls were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Among microbiome, Klebsiella was selected as the experimental material for the effect on endocrine therapy in MCF7 cells. MCF7 cells were incubated with tamoxifen in the absence/presence of bacterial EVs derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae and analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS : Microbiome derived from Klebsiella is abundant in breast cancer patients especially luminal A subtype compared to healthy controls. The addition of EVs derived from K pneumoniae enhances the anti-hormonal effects of tamoxifen in MCF7 cells. The increased efficacy of tamoxifen is mediated via Cyclin E2 and p-ERK. CONCLUSION : Based on experiments, the EVs derived from K pneumoniae are important in hormone therapy on MCF7 cells. This result provides new insight into breast cancer mechanisms and hormone therapy using Klebsiella found in the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongshin An
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu
| | - Jong Bin Kim
- Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu
| | - Eun Yeol Yang
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu
| | - Hye Ok Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu
| | - Won-Hee Lee
- MD Healthcare, Room 1303, Woori Technology Inc. building, Sangam-dong, World Cup Buk-ro 56-gil, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Yang
- MD Healthcare, Room 1303, Woori Technology Inc. building, Sangam-dong, World Cup Buk-ro 56-gil, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu
| | - Nam Sun Paik
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu
| | - Woosung Lim
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu
| | - Yoon-Keun Kim
- MD Healthcare, Room 1303, Woori Technology Inc. building, Sangam-dong, World Cup Buk-ro 56-gil, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-In Moon
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu
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Abedini A, Zhu YO, Chatterjee S, Halasz G, Devalaraja-Narashimha K, Shrestha R, S Balzer M, Park J, Zhou T, Ma Z, Sullivan KM, Hu H, Sheng X, Liu H, Wei Y, Boustany-Kari CM, Patel U, Almaani S, Palmer M, Townsend R, Blady S, Hogan J, Morton L, Susztak K. Urinary Single-Cell Profiling Captures the Cellular Diversity of the Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:614-627. [PMID: 33531352 PMCID: PMC7920183 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microscopic analysis of urine sediment is probably the most commonly used diagnostic procedure in nephrology. The urinary cells, however, have not yet undergone careful unbiased characterization. METHODS Single-cell transcriptomic analysis was performed on 17 urine samples obtained from five subjects at two different occasions, using both spot and 24-hour urine collection. A pooled urine sample from multiple healthy individuals served as a reference control. In total 23,082 cells were analyzed. Urinary cells were compared with human kidney and human bladder datasets to understand similarities and differences among the observed cell types. RESULTS Almost all kidney cell types can be identified in urine, such as podocyte, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and collecting duct, in addition to macrophages, lymphocytes, and bladder cells. The urinary cell-type composition was subject specific and reasonably stable using different collection methods and over time. Urinary cells clustered with kidney and bladder cells, such as urinary podocytes with kidney podocytes, and principal cells of the kidney and urine, indicating their similarities in gene expression. CONCLUSIONS A reference dataset for cells in human urine was generated. Single-cell transcriptomics enables detection and quantification of almost all types of cells in the kidney and urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abedini
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuan O Zhu
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Fibrosis Research, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Shatakshee Chatterjee
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabor Halasz
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Fibrosis Research, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | | | - Rojesh Shrestha
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S Balzer
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jihwan Park
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tong Zhou
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ziyuan Ma
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katie Marie Sullivan
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hailong Hu
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xin Sheng
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yi Wei
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Fibrosis Research, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Carine M Boustany-Kari
- Cardiometabolic Disease Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Uptal Patel
- Inflammation and Respiratory Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, California
| | - Salem Almaani
- Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew Palmer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond Townsend
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shira Blady
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Hogan
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lori Morton
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Fibrosis Research, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Printz C. Liquid biopsy test appears better at detecting bladder cancer than urine cytology. Cancer 2021; 127:663. [PMID: 33605452 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Wu Y, Zhang N, Wu H, Sun N, Deng C. Magnetic porous carbon-dependent platform for the determination of N-glycans from urine exosomes. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:66. [PMID: 33543311 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A magnetic porous carbon-dependent platform is established to separate and determine N-glycans from urine exosomes of healthy people and patients with gastric cancer. The results of the comparison reveal that 6 N-glycans shared by the two groups are downregulated, most of which present core fucose or bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) type. In addition, five shared N-glycans including two of sialic acid type are upregulated. These obvious differences indicate the close relationship between glycans and gastric cancer thus permitting early diagnosis. A magnetic porous carbon material (FeMPC) from MIL-101(Fe) was employed to separate and analyze N-glycans from urine exosomes of healthy people and patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nianrong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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14
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Sullivan KM, Scholey J, Moineddin R, Sochett E, Wicklow B, Elia Y, Xiao F, Mederios T, Sadi P, Burger D, Mahmud FH, Dart AB. Urinary podocyte-derived microparticles in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:469-475. [PMID: 33037887 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The release of podocyte-derived microparticles into the urine may reflect early kidney injury in diabetes. We measured the urinary excretion of podocyte-derived microparticles in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and related the values to blood pressure, renal function and blood glucose levels. METHODS Cross-sectional, exploratory analysis of urine samples and clinical data from youth with type 1 (n = 53) and type 2 (n = 50) diabetes was carried out. Urinary podocyte-derived microparticle numbers, measured by flow cytometry, were assessed in relation to measures of blood glucose levels and renal function. RESULTS Podocyte-derived microparticle excretion (MPE) normalised to urinary creatinine (MP/UCr) was higher in type 1 vs type 2 diabetes (median [IQR] MP/UCr: 7.88 [8.97] vs 1.84 [8.62]; p < 0.0001), despite the type 2 diabetes group having higher blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, median [range]: 124 [110-154] vs 114 [94-143] mmHg) and higher proportions of microalbuminuria (44.0% vs 13.2%), but shorter time since diabetes diagnosis (median [range]: 1.2 [0.0-7.0] vs 6.4 [2.0-13.9] years), than the type 1 diabetes cohort. MPE in youth with type 1 diabetes was associated with blood glucose (p = 0.01) and eGFR (p = 0.03) but not HbA1c, systolic or diastolic blood pressure or urine albumin/creatinine ratio. After adjustment for age at baseline, duration of diabetes, sex and BMI, the association with eGFR remained significant (p = 0.04). No associations were found between MPE and these clinical variables in youth with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Significant associations between podocyte MPE, blood glucose levels and eGFR were observed in youth with type 1 diabetes but not in those with type 2 diabetes, notwithstanding increased renal pathology in the type 2 diabetes cohort. These findings suggest that podocyte injury differs in the two diabetes cohorts. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Sullivan
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - James Scholey
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne Sochett
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brandy Wicklow
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yesmino Elia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Feng Xiao
- Kidney Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Thalia Mederios
- Kidney Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pusha Sadi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Farid H Mahmud
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alison B Dart
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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15
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Wojcik EM, Pambuccian SE, Rosenthal DL. Foreword: JASC urine cytology special edition. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2021; 10:1-2. [PMID: 33168474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Wojcik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Health System, Loyola University, Chicago, Il.
| | - Stefan E Pambuccian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Health System, Loyola University, Chicago, Il
| | - Dorothy L Rosenthal
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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16
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Chan L, Chaudhary K, Saha A, Chauhan K, Vaid A, Zhao S, Paranjpe I, Somani S, Richter F, Miotto R, Lala A, Kia A, Timsina P, Li L, Freeman R, Chen R, Narula J, Just AC, Horowitz C, Fayad Z, Cordon-Cardo C, Schadt E, Levin MA, Reich DL, Fuster V, Murphy B, He JC, Charney AW, Böttinger EP, Glicksberg BS, Coca SG, Nadkarni GN. AKI in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:151-160. [PMID: 32883700 PMCID: PMC7894657 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early reports indicate that AKI is common among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated with worse outcomes. However, AKI among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the United States is not well described. METHODS This retrospective, observational study involved a review of data from electronic health records of patients aged ≥18 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the Mount Sinai Health System from February 27 to May 30, 2020. We describe the frequency of AKI and dialysis requirement, AKI recovery, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with mortality. RESULTS Of 3993 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, AKI occurred in 1835 (46%) patients; 347 (19%) of the patients with AKI required dialysis. The proportions with stages 1, 2, or 3 AKI were 39%, 19%, and 42%, respectively. A total of 976 (24%) patients were admitted to intensive care, and 745 (76%) experienced AKI. Of the 435 patients with AKI and urine studies, 84% had proteinuria, 81% had hematuria, and 60% had leukocyturia. Independent predictors of severe AKI were CKD, men, and higher serum potassium at admission. In-hospital mortality was 50% among patients with AKI versus 8% among those without AKI (aOR, 9.2; 95% confidence interval, 7.5 to 11.3). Of survivors with AKI who were discharged, 35% had not recovered to baseline kidney function by the time of discharge. An additional 28 of 77 (36%) patients who had not recovered kidney function at discharge did so on posthospital follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AKI is common among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and is associated with high mortality. Of all patients with AKI, only 30% survived with recovery of kidney function by the time of discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- BioMe Phenomics Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kumardeep Chaudhary
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- BioMe Phenomics Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Aparna Saha
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- BioMe Phenomics Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kinsuk Chauhan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Akhil Vaid
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Shan Zhao
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ishan Paranjpe
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sulaiman Somani
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Felix Richter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Riccardo Miotto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anuradha Lala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Arash Kia
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Prem Timsina
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Li Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Robert Freeman
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jagat Narula
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Allan C. Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Carol Horowitz
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zahi Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Matthew A. Levin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David L. Reich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Valentin Fuster
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Murphy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John C. He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexander W. Charney
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Erwin P. Böttinger
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Benjamin S. Glicksberg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Steven G. Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Girish N. Nadkarni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- BioMe Phenomics Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - on behalf of the Mount Sinai COVID Informatics Center (MSCIC)*
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- BioMe Phenomics Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Compton ML, Weiss VL, Barkan GA, Ely KA. Targeted education as a method for reinforcing Paris System criteria and reducing urine cytology atypia rates. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2021; 10:9-13. [PMID: 32771394 PMCID: PMC10030068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Paris System for Urine Cytology (TPS) provides well-defined diagnostic criteria for the category of atypical urothelial cells (AUC). The current study compares the rate of AUC diagnoses at a large academic medical center before and after an educational intervention (EI) by a urine cytology expert. MATERIALS AND METHODS An expert in TPS delivered an educational intervention consisting of an interactive microscope session and a didactic session that focused on the AUC diagnostic category. The number of urine cytology cases, the AUC rate, and the false-negative percentage were calculated before and after the EI, using the electronic medical records and cytologic-histologic correlation records. RESULTS A total of 4026 urine cytology cases were signed out in the 25 months prior to the educational intervention and 1585 cases were signed out in the 10 months after the intervention. EI had a significant impact on diagnostic categorization, including a reduction in AUC (19.6% versus 12.5%) and suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (3.9% versus 3.1%) diagnoses. The cytotechnologists also placed fewer cases into the AUC category during primary screening (27.6% versus 23.0%). Although a higher percentage of cases was reported as negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma, the false-negative rate did not significantly change after the intervention (1.8% versus 2.0% of negative cases, P = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS Focused educational sessions for pathologists and cytotechnologists on the diagnostic criteria for AUC as defined by TPS can significantly reduce the rate of atypical diagnoses without a significant increase in the rate of false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Compton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Vivian L Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Güliz A Barkan
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Kim A Ely
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A repaired rotator cuff (RC) often heals with interposed scar tissue, making repairs prone to failure. Urine-derived stem cells (USCs), with robust proliferation ability and multilineage differentiation, can be isolated from urine, avoiding invasive and painful surgical procedures for harvesting the cells. These advantages make it a novel cell source for autologous transplantation to enhance RC healing. HYPOTHESIS Implantation of an autogenous USC sheet to the injury site will enhance RC healing. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS USCs isolated from urine were cultured using ascorbic acid and transforming growth factor β3 to form a cell sheet. Sixteen male mature beagles underwent bilateral shoulder surgery. The right shoulder underwent infraspinatus tendon (IT) insertion detachment and repair only, and the other was subjected to IT insertion detachment and repair, followed by autogenous USC sheet implantation. Among the animals, 3 received a Dil (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate)- labeled USC sheet implant in the right shoulder and were sacrificed at postoperative 6 weeks for cell tracking. The other animals were sacrificed at postoperative 12 weeks, and the IT-humerus complexes were harvested for gross observation, micro-computed tomography evaluation and histological analysis (n = 5), and mechanical testing (n = 8). Additionally, 13 unpaired canine cadaveric shoulders were included as native controls. RESULTS Micro-computed tomography analysis showed that the USC sheet group had a significant increase in bone volume/total volume and trabecular thickness at the RC healing site when compared with the control group (P < .05 for all). Histologically, the Dil-labeled USC sheet was still visible at the RC healing site, which suggested that the implanted USCs remained viable at postoperative 6 weeks. Meanwhile, the healing interface in the USC sheet group regenerated significantly more enthesis-like tissue than did that of the control group (P < .05). Additionally, the healing interface in the USC sheet group presented a larger fibrocartilage area, more proteoglycan deposition, and higher collagen birefringence than did that of the control group (P < .05 for all). Biomechanically, the USC sheet group showed significantly higher failure load and stiffness versus the control group (P < .05 for all). CONCLUSION A USC sheet was able to enhance RC healing in a canine model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings of the study showed that USC sheet implantation could serve as a practical application for RC healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Sport Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Sport Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muzhi Li
- Department of Sport Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Department of Sport Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Abstract
Exosomes represent a class of secreted biological vesicles, which have recently gained attention due to their function as intertissue and interorganism transporters of genetic materials, small molecules, lipids, and proteins. Although the protein constituents of these exosomes are often glycosylated, a large-scale characterization of the glycoproteome has not yet been completed. This study identified 3144 unique glycosylation events belonging to 378 glycoproteins and 604 unique protein sites of glycosylation. With these data, we investigated the level of glycan microheterogeneity within the urinary exosomes, finding on average 5.9 glycans per site. The glycan family abundance on individual proteins showed subtle differences, providing an additional level of molecular characterization compared to the unmodified proteome. Finally, we show protein site-specific changes in regard to the common urinary glycoprotein, uromodulin. While uromodulin is an individual case, these same site-specific analyses provide a way forward for developing diagnostic glycoprotein biomarkers with urine as a noninvasive biological fluid. This study represents an important first step in understanding the functional urinary glycoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Stefan Gaunitz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Lena Strindelius
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Stephen C Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
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20
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Zheng C, Wang W, Chen R, Liu J, Li Y, Qin X. Diagnostic value of urinary microprotein concentration for patients with negative urinary protein test results and positive urinary casts on microscopic examination. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23487. [PMID: 32686106 PMCID: PMC7676179 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between positive urinary casts on microscopic examination and urinary microprotein concentration in the case of negative urinary protein test results. This study also investigated the diagnostic value of urinary microprotein examination. SUBJECTS A total of 949 samples that were analyzed with a UF-1000i Urine Analyzer and returned cast alarm results were categorized into two groups, a positive and negative group, according to qualitative urinary protein sulfosalicylic acid test results. Then, 54 samples with negative protein test results but positive cast results according to microscopic examination were selected as the study group; 60 normal people with healthy physical examination results were selected as the control group. Both groups underwent urinary microprotein tests, including urinary microalbumin (mAlb), α1-microglobulin (A1M), transferrin (TRU), and immunoglobulin G (IgG). T tests were used to evaluate mean differences between groups and chi-square tests were used to calculate ratio differences between groups. RESULTS (a) Microscopic examinations of the positive and negative protein groups revealed no statistically significant difference in cast detection rate (P = .421). (b) Among the 54 samples in the study group, 37 were found to have abnormal casts, while in the remaining 17 samples, only hyaline casts were detected. (c) The detection levels of mAlb, A1M, and IgG in the study group were significantly higher than the control group (P values < .05). CONCLUSION Urinary microprotein test should be included in the re-examination rules for routine tests for patients with negative protein results and positive casts under microscopic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunSheng Zheng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - WenHua Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - RongYan Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - JiLai Liu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - YangYu Li
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - XueJun Qin
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
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21
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Zhang Z, Fu X, Liu J, Huang Z, Liu N, Fang F, Rao J. Developing a Machine Learning Algorithm for Identifying Abnormal Urothelial Cells: A Feasibility Study. Acta Cytol 2020; 65:335-341. [PMID: 33022673 DOI: 10.1159/000510474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urine cytology plays an important role in diagnosing urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, urine cytology interpretation is subjective and difficult. Morphogo (ALAB, Boston, MA, USA), equipped with automatic acquisition and scanning, optical focusing, and automatic classification with convolutional neural network has been developed for bone marrow aspirate smear analysis of hematopoietic diseases. The goal of this preliminary study was to determine the feasibility of developing a machine learning algorithm on Morphogo for identifying abnormal urothelial cells in urine cytology slides. METHODS Thirty-seven achieved abnormal urine cytology slides from cases with the diagnosis of atypical urothelial cells and above (suspicions or positive for UC) were obtained from 1 hospital. A pathologist (J.R.) reviewed the slides and manually selected and annotated representative cells to feed into Morphogo with following categories: benign (urothelial cells, squamous cells, degenerated cells, and inflammatory cells), atypical cells, and suspicious cells. Initial validation of the algorithm was performed on a subset of the original 37 cases. Urine samples from additional 12 unknown cases with various histological diagnoses (6 cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC), 1 case of low-grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC), 1 case of prostate adenocarcinoma, 1 case of renal cell carcinoma, and 4 cases of non-neoplastic conditions) were collected from another hospital for initial blind testing. RESULTS A total of 1,910 benign and 1,978 abnormal (atypical and suspicious) cells from 37 slides were annotated for developing and training of the algorithm. This algorithm was validated on 27 slides that resulted in identification of at least 1 abnormal cell per slide, with a total of 200 abnormal cells, and an average of 7.4 cells per slide. Of the 12 unknown cases tested, the original cytology was positive for tumor cells in 2 HGUC samples. Morphogo was abnormal (atypical or suspicious) for 6 samples from patients with UC, including one with LGUC and one with prostate adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Morphogo machine learning algorithm is capable of identifying abnormal urothelial cells. Further validation studies with a larger number of urine samples will be needed to determine if it can be used to assist the cytological diagnosis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CHCAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Fu
- Division of Medical Technology Development, Hangzhou Zhiwei Information & Technology Ltd., Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Dalian Medical University (FHDMU), Dalian, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Division of Medical Technology Development, Hangzhou Zhiwei Information & Technology Ltd., Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Natalia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fengqi Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Dalian Medical University (FHDMU), Dalian, China
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA,
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22
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Nomani L, Abro S, Quek ML, Barkan GA. Guar bean in urinary cytology: a morphologic pitfall. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2020; 10:41-46. [PMID: 33129759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various types of contaminants can be encountered in cytologic specimens. This study describes a vegetable material that we encountered in ileal conduit urine specimens. We aim to describe the cytomorphology and the source of origin of this vegetable material. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cytology database for the past 5 years (January 2015-April 2020) was searched for ileal conduit urine cytology specimens with a reported vegetable contaminant. The details of the ostomy procedure and device used were recorded. Histologic sections were prepared from the ostomy devices as well as from guar beans and seeds. RESULTS A total of 17 urinary specimens from 8 patients were identified that showed the presence of a vegetable contaminant. All the patients were using Coloplast (Minneapolis, MN) SenSura Mio ostomy device. The urine cytology showed presence of polygonal thick-walled cells with a dark brown/orange core with irregular outlines. Similar cells were also seen in the histologic sections prepared from the ostomy adhesive and the guar seed and bean. CONCLUSIONS Guar gum is a naturally occurring hydrocolloid that is used in ostomy wafer adhesives. Correct identification and familiarity with the cytomorphology of the guar cells in samples of ileal conduit urine is essential to avoid a potential diagnostic pitfall when evaluating urine cytology specimens from these diversion specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Nomani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Healthcare System, Maywood, Illinois.
| | - Schuharazad Abro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Healthcare System, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Marcus L Quek
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Healthcare System, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Güliz A Barkan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Healthcare System, Maywood, Illinois
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23
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Masaoutis C, Al Besher S, Koutroulis I, Theocharis S. Exosomes in Nephropathies: A Rich Source of Novel Biomarkers. Dis Markers 2020; 2020:8897833. [PMID: 32849923 PMCID: PMC7441435 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8897833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biomarkers commonly utilized in diagnostic evaluations of kidney disease suffer from low sensitivity, especially in the early stages of renal damage. On the other hand, obtaining a renal biopsy to augment clinical decision making can lead to potentially serious complications. In order to overcome the shortcomings of currently available diagnostic tools, recent studies suggest that exosomes, cell-secreted extracellular vesicles containing a large array of active molecules to facilitate cell-to-cell communication, may represent a rich source of novel disease biomarkers. Because of their endocytic origin, exosomes carry markers typical for their parent cells, which could permit the localization of biochemical cellular alterations in specific kidney compartments. Different types of exosomes can be isolated from noninvasively obtained biofluids; however, in the context of kidney disease, evidence has emerged on the role of urinary exosomes in the diagnostic and predictive modeling of renal pathology. The current review summarizes the potential application of exosomes in the detection of acute and chronic inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative, and genetic renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Masaoutis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Samer Al Besher
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Koutroulis
- Children's National Hospital, Division of Emergency Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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24
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McIntire PJ, Elsoukkary SS, Robinson BD, Siddiqui MT. High-grade urothelial carcinoma in urine cytology: different spaces - different faces, highlighting morphologic variance. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2020; 10:36-40. [PMID: 32958411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) was first published in 2016 to standardize reporting and placed a specific emphasis on high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). The urinary tract is anatomically divided into the upper tract (UT) and the lower tract (LT). A major morphologic criterion in TPS for HGUC defines the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio as ≥ 0.7. In this study, we evaluated N/C ratios of HGUC arising from UT and LT urine specimens, to ascertain differences due to location. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digital annotations of whole slide scanned images were performed and enumerated. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 59 ThinPrep specimens from 52 patients. The majority of the tumors were located in LT (39 of 59, 66.1%). A total of 590 cells were analyzed (10 cells per case). In UT, the average N/C was 0.58 and LT the average was 0.54 (P < 0.001). The average nuclear area for UT was 126.3 and for LT was 158.2 μm2 (P = 0.01). The average cytoplasmic area for UT was 219.1 μm2 and for LT was 296.2 μm2 (P < 0.001). The average cellular circumference for UT was 59.4 μm and for LT was 66.1 μm (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that UT HGUCs have higher N/C ratios, smaller cell circumference, smaller nuclei, and less cytoplasm compared with LT. When UT was divided into renal pelvis and ureter, no statistical difference was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J McIntire
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Sarah S Elsoukkary
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Brian D Robinson
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Momin T Siddiqui
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, New York
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25
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Abstract
Since the discovery of circulating tumor cells in 1869, technological advances in the study of biomarkers from liquid biopsy have made it possible to diagnose disease in a less invasive way. Although blood-based liquid biopsy has been used extensively for the detection of solid tumors and immune diseases, the potential of urine-based liquid biopsy has not been fully explored. Advancements in technologies for the harvesting and analysis of biomarkers are providing new opportunities for the characterization of other disease types. Liquid biopsy markers such as exfoliated bladder cancer cells, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and exosomes have the potential to change the nature of disease management and care, as they allow a cost-effective and convenient mode of patient monitoring throughout treatment. In this review, we addressed the advancement of research in the field of disease detection for the key liquid biopsy markers such as cancer cells, cfDNA, and exosomes, with an emphasis on urine-based liquid biopsy. First, we highlighted key technologies that were widely available and used extensively for clinical urine sample analysis. Next, we presented recent technological developments in cell and genetic research, with implications for the detection of other types of diseases, besides cancer. We then concluded with some discussions on these areas, emphasizing the role of microfluidics and artificial intelligence in advancing point-of-care applications. We believe that the benefits of urine biopsy provide diagnostic development potential, which will pave opportunities for new ways to guide treatment selections and facilitate precision disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bee Luan Khoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Xing J, Han M, Monaco SE, Dhir R, Roy S, Pantanowitz L. An institutional experience evaluating hTERT immunostaining in 100 consecutive ThinPrep urine specimens. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2020; 10:88-93. [PMID: 32354607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have shown that expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in mature urothelial cells indicates an increased risk of urothelial carcinoma. We evaluated the utility of immunocytochemistry with a commercially available anti-hTERT antibody (SCD-A7) in 100 consecutive urine cytology specimens using ThinPrep processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS ThinPrep slides prepared from 100 consecutive urine specimens were stained using anti-hTERT antibody (SCD-A7) after staining optimization had been successfully completed. Patient demographics, cytology diagnoses, histologic follow-up data, and anti-hTERT staining results were recorded. RESULTS The cytology diagnoses included 7 cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC), 2 cases suspicious for HGUC (SHGUC), 24 cases of atypical urothelial cells (AUCs), and 67 cases negative for HGUC (NHGUC). Of 92 samples, 68 (74%) were positive and 24 (26%) were negative for anti-hTERT staining. Although 31 of 32 specimens (97%) with a diagnosis of AUCs and greater showed positive staining, 37 of 60 NHGUC cases (62%) were also positive for anti-hTERT. Although the HGUC and suspicious for HGUC cases were more likely to show strong staining (6 of 9; 67%), 7 AUC (32%) and 8 NHGUC (22%) cases also demonstrated strong staining. Eight samples (8%) were unsatisfactory for interpretation. Anti-hTERT staining of nonurothelial cells was seen in 77 of 92 samples (84%). CONCLUSIONS Interpretation of anti-hTERT immunocytochemical staining of ThinPrep material is challenging owing to obscuring of nonurothelial cell staining and difficulty discerning individual urothelial cell cytomorphology when the cells are stained. The significance of the large number of anti-hTERT-positive but cytology-negative cases in our study is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xing
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Min Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Sara E Monaco
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Somak Roy
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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27
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Liu D, Rychkov G, Al-Hawwas M, Manaph NPA, Zhou F, Bobrovskaya L, Liao H, Zhou XF. Conversion of human urine-derived cells into neuron-like cells by small molecules. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2713-2722. [PMID: 32185687 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neural cell transplantation is an effective way for treatment of neurological diseases. However, the absence of transplantable human neurons remains a barrier for clinical therapies. Human urine-derived cells, namely renal cells and urine stem cells, have become a good source of cells for reprogramming or trans-differentiation research. Here, we show that human urine-derived cells can be partially converted into neuron-like cells by applying a cocktail of small molecules. Gene expression analysis has shown that these induced cells expressed some neuron-specific genes, and a proportion of the cells are GABAergic neurons. Moreover, whole-cell patch clamping recording has shown that some induced cells have neuron-specific voltage gated Na+ and K+ currents but have failed to generate Ca2+ currents and action potentials. Taken together, these results suggest that induced neuronal cells from human urine-derived cells may be useful for neurological disease modelling, drug screening and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Grigori Rychkov
- Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Fiona Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Lin YH, Ni XB, Zhang JW, Ou CW, He XQ, Dai WJ, Chen XM, Chen MS. Effect of puerarin on action potential and sodium channel activation in human hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:222020. [PMID: 32003781 PMCID: PMC7024842 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of puerarin on electrophysiology using a hypertrophic cardiomyocyte (HC) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human urine epithelial cells were used to generate the HC model (hiPSC-CM). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced by applying 10 nM endothelin-1 (ET-1). Effects of puerarin pre-treatment (PPr) and post-treatment (PPo) on action potential, sodium current (INa) activation and inactivation, and recovery following INa inactivation were tested using patch clamp electrophysiology. RESULTS Depolarization to repolarization 50% time (APD50) and repolarization 30% time (APD30) were significantly prolonged in the PPo and PPr groups compared with the controls. However, there were no significant differences in the action potential depolarization amplitude (APA) or the maximum depolarization velocity (Vmax) in phase 0. The PPr group had a slightly shortened APD90, and an extended APD50 and APD30, but did not exhibit any significant changes in stage A of APA and Vmax. The PPo group did not exhibit any significant changes in INa, while 12 h of PPr improved INa. However, puerarin did not significantly affect the activation, inactivation, or recovery of the sodium channel. CONCLUSIONS Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy significantly decreased the Vmax of the action potential and the peak density of INa. PPr inhibited the decrease in Vmax and increased the peak density of INa. Thus, puerarin could be used to stabilize the electrophysiological properties of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and reduce arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hui Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jian-wu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-wen Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-qing He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-jun Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-ming Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Xi-ming Chen () or Min-sheng Chen ()
| | - Min-sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Xi-ming Chen () or Min-sheng Chen ()
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29
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Abbas TO, Ali TA, Uddin S. Urine as a Main Effector in Urological Tissue Engineering-A Double-Edged Sword. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030538. [PMID: 32110928 PMCID: PMC7140397 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reconstruct injured urinary tract tissues, biodegradable scaffolds with autologous seeded cells are explored in this work. However, when cells are obtained via biopsy from individuals who have damaged organs due to infection, congenital disorders, or cancer, this can result in unhealthy engineered cells and donor site morbidity. Thus, neo-organ construction through an alternative cell source might be useful. Significant advancements in the isolation and utilization of urine-derived stem cells have provided opportunities for this less invasive, limitless, and versatile source of cells to be employed in urologic tissue-engineered replacement. These cells have a high potential to differentiate into urothelial and smooth muscle cells. However, urinary tract reconstruction via tissue engineering is peculiar as it takes place in a milieu of urine that imposes certain risks on the implanted cells and scaffolds as a result of the highly cytotoxic nature of urine and its detrimental effect on both growth and differentiation of these cells. Both of these projections should be tackled thoughtfully when designing a suitable approach for repairing urinary tract defects and applying the needful precautions is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq O. Abbas
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Pediatric Urology Section, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +974-550-93-651
| | - Tayyiba A. Ali
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (T.A.A.); (S.U.)
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (T.A.A.); (S.U.)
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Wu R, Luo S, Yang H, Hu X, Lin A, Pan G, Zhong X, Li Z. Transplantation of neural progenitor cells generated from human urine epithelial cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells improves neurological functions in rats with stroke. Discov Med 2020; 29:53-64. [PMID: 32598863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a potentially unlimited autologous cell source, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a needed option for the application of iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) for regenerative medicine for the treatment of stroke. To enable the application of iPSC technology, it is essential to develop a practical approach to generate iPSC cells under a non-viral, non-integration, feeder-free condition from the most optimal somatic cell type. In this study, we differentiated NPCs from a urine-derived iPSC line (UC-05) which was generated with optimized episomal vectors in a feeder-free culture system. UC-05 can be induced into NPCs efficiently in monolayer cultures using dual SMAD inhibitions, and have the ability to differentiate further into astrocytes and functional neurons in vitro. We then characterized UC-05-derived NPCs upon transplantation into the striatum of adult male rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) reperfusion. While NPCs were grafted into rats 7 days before the MCAO surgery, cells were found to migrate from the grafted side to the lesion side of the brain via corpus callosum 14 days after tMCAO. UC05-derived NPCs were grafted into the striatum 7 days after tMCAO, grafted cells can survive and differentiate into neurons and astrocytes 35 days after transplantation, and synaptic protein SYNAPSIN 1 could also be detected around the grafted human cells. tMCAO rats with NPC engraftment showed better behavior improvement in both postural reflex test and cylinder test compared to control rats engrafted with the cell medium only. Our data indicate that NPCs differentiated from urine-derived iPSCs could act similarly to endogenous neural progenitors in vitro and in vivo. Urine-derived iPSCs could be a potential candidate for cell transplantation therapy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620, China
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510535, China
| | - Shijian Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Huanchun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620, China
| | - Xiquan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620, China
| | - Aiping Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510535, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510535, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510535, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
- Corresponding author
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Aoyama Y, Ushio Y, Yokoyama T, Taneda S, Makabe S, Nishida M, Manabe S, Sato M, Kataoka H, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Mochizuki T. Urinary Mulberry Cells as a Biomarker of the Efficacy of Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Fabry Disease. Intern Med 2020; 59:971-976. [PMID: 32238663 PMCID: PMC7184092 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3813-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry cells are often present in the urinary sediments of patients with Fabry disease (FD). We herein report two patients with FD undergoing enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). A 41-year-old man was diagnosed based on lack of α-galactosidase A activity. ERT was subsequently administered. A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed based on urinary Mulberry cells and genetic testing, and ERT was initiated. While the renal function of the male patient deteriorated, the Mulberry cells disappeared in the female patient after ERT was administered. The detection of urinary Mulberry cells can contribute to the diagnosis as well as serve as a biomarker for the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Aoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushio
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Sekiko Taneda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Shiho Makabe
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Miki Nishida
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Shun Manabe
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Masayo Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
- Clinical Research Division for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Ken Tsuchiya
- Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshio Mochizuki
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
- Clinical Research Division for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
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Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F. Exertional hematuria: definition, epidemiology, diagnostic and clinical considerations. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 57:1818-1828. [PMID: 31188754 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Exertional hematuria can be considered a subcategory of exercise-induced hematuria, characterized by painless appearance of erythrocytes in urine after recent physical exercise, not directly attributable to external traumatic injuries to the genitourinary system, and spontaneously resolving with rest. Although its frequency has enormous heterogeneity, depending on the athlete population, duration and intensity of exercise, technique used for identifying or quantifying hematuria and relative diagnostic thresholds, what clearly emerges from the scientific literature is that a certain degree of hematuria is commonplace after non-contact sports, especially running. This exertional hematuria, which appears self-limiting, may be attributable to some frequently concomitant causes, involving organs of the genitourinary system, and mostly encompassing bladder or urethral injuries. Renal injuries caused by internal movements, vascular spasm and ischemia are also potential causes of increased glomerular permeability to erythrocytes, whilst the presence of preexisting genitourinary diseases cannot be ruled out, especially when post-exercise hematuria is recurrent or endures. Therefore, whenever hematuria is observed in a random urine specimen, recent sports performance (especially running) should be investigated and urinalyses scheduled for the following days. When no temporal association of hematuria with exercise can be found, when genitourinary traumas have been excluded or hematuria persists for >72 h, specific diagnostic investigations should be planned to identify possible genitourinary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Piazzale LA Scuro, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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Waterhouse N, Nichol G, Kasapic D. An Evaluation of the Automated Cobas u 701 Microscopy Analyzer for the Routine Screening of Urine to Identify Negative Samples. Clin Lab 2019; 65. [PMID: 30775889 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2018.180612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinalysis based on microbiological culture and manual microscopy requires expertise and is labor intensive. Automated screening could save time and improve patient management in clinical settings. METHODS We evaluated the fully automated cobas u 701 analyzer for identifying infection-negative urine samples using 2,046 anonymized samples from a routine pathology laboratory. Samples containing ≥ 40 white blood cells (WBC)/µL and/or ≥ 100 bacteria/µL were considered positive. For microbiological cultures: pure growth of ≥ 108 colony-forming units (cfu)/L was considered significant; > 107 cfu/L was considered significant for pregnant women, children < 12 years, immune-compromised/critical care patients or patients with > 100 WBC/µL. RESULTS The cobas u 701 analyzer identified 1,346 positive samples, giving a 65.7% culture rate. Sensitivity and negative predictive value were high (> 99%). Most replicates were within two standard deviations of the original measurement. CONCLUSIONS The cobas u 701 analyzer is an effective screening tool for routine urinalysis and demonstrates rapid turnaround times, thus benefiting patients and clinicians.
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Kang PJ, Son D, Ko TH, Hong W, Yun W, Jang J, Choi JI, Song G, Lee J, Kim IY, You S. mRNA-Driven Generation of Transgene-Free Neural Stem Cells from Human Urine-Derived Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091043. [PMID: 31489945 PMCID: PMC6769943 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neural stem cells (NSCs) hold enormous promise for neurological disorders, typically requiring their expandable and differentiable properties for regeneration of damaged neural tissues. Despite the therapeutic potential of induced NSCs (iNSCs), a major challenge for clinical feasibility is the presence of integrated transgenes in the host genome, contributing to the risk for undesired genotoxicity and tumorigenesis. Here, we describe the advanced transgene-free generation of iNSCs from human urine-derived cells (HUCs) by combining a cocktail of defined small molecules with self-replicable mRNA delivery. The established iNSCs were completely transgene-free in their cytosol and genome and further resembled human embryonic stem cell-derived NSCs in the morphology, biological characteristics, global gene expression, and potential to differentiate into functional neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Moreover, iNSC colonies were observed within eight days under optimized conditions, and no teratomas formed in vivo, implying the absence of pluripotent cells. This study proposes an approach to generate transplantable iNSCs that can be broadly applied for neurological disorders in a safe, efficient, and patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Jun Kang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Daryeon Son
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Hong
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Wonjin Yun
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jihoon Jang
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jangbo Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - In Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Seungkwon You
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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Courtade-Saïdi M, Cochand-Priollet B, Vielh P, Piaton E. [A new terminology for urinary cytopathology: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (2015)]. Ann Pathol 2019; 39:344-351. [PMID: 31255415 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As for the Bethesda system for cervical and thyroid cytopathology, a terminology for reporting urinary cytology has been published in 2015. The new "Paris System" provides a consensus terminology for urinary cytology which underlines the criteria for the recognition of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) and of those excluding HGUC, or suspicious for HGUC. It also focuses on new rules to recognize and report the subgroup of "atypical urothelial cells". Here we describe and illustrate the various categories as in the reference book. We analyse the main diagnostic criteria, including microscopic features as well as the risk of malignancy associated to every diagnostic category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Courtade-Saïdi
- Département d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, institut universitaire du cancer Toulouse oncopôle, 1, avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France.
| | - Béatrix Cochand-Priollet
- Département de pathologie, université Paris Descartes, hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France
| | - Philippe Vielh
- Laboratoire national de santé, Grand Duché de Luxembourg, 1, rue Louis-Rech, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Eric Piaton
- Centre de pathologie est, hôpital femme-mère-enfant, hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France
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Zhao Z, Liu D, Chen Y, Kong Q, Li D, Zhang Q, Liu C, Tian Y, Fan C, Meng L, Zhu H, Yu H. Ureter tissue engineering with vessel extracellular matrix and differentiated urine-derived stem cells. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:266-279. [PMID: 30716556 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the possibility of ureter tissue engineering using vessel extracellular matrix (VECM) and differentiated urine-derived stem cells (USCs) in a rabbit model. METHODS VECM was prepared by a modified technique. USCs were isolated from human urine samples and cultured with an induction medium for the differentiation of the cells into urothelium and smooth muscle phenotypes. For contractile phenotype conversion, the induced smooth muscle cells were transfected with the miR-199a-5p plasmid. The differentiated cells were seeded onto VECM and cultured under dynamic conditions in vitro for 2 weeks. The graft was tubularized and wrapped by two layers of the omentum of a rabbit for vascularization. Then, the maturated graft was used for ureter reconstruction in vivo. RESULTS VECM has microporous structures that allow cell infiltration and exhibit adequate biocompatibility with seeding cells. USCs were isolated and identified by flow cytometry. After induction, the urothelium phenotype gene was confirmed at mRNA and protein levels. With the combined induction by TGF-β1 and miR-199a-5p, the differentiated cells can express the smooth muscle phenotype gene and convert to the contractile phenotype. After seeding cells onto VECM, the induced urothelium cells formed a single epithelial layer, and the induced smooth muscle cells formed a few cell layers during dynamic culture. After 3 weeks of omental maturation, tubular graft was vascularized. At 2 months post ureter reconstruction, histological evaluation showed a clearly layered structure of ureter with multilayered urothelium over the organized smooth muscle tissue. CONCLUSION By seeding differentiated USCs onto VECM, a tissue-engineered graft could form multilayered urothelium and organized smooth muscle tissue after ureteral reconstruction in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cell-based tissue engineering offers an alternative technique for urinary tract reconstruction. In this work, we describe a novel strategy for ureter tissue engineering. We modified the techniques of vessel extracellular matrix (VECM) preparation and used a dynamic culture system for seeding cells onto VECM. We found that VECM had the trait of containing VEGF and exhibited blood vessel formation potential. Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) could be differentiated into urothelial cells and functional contractile phenotype smooth muscle cells in vitro. By seeding differentiated USCs onto VECM, a tissue-engineered graft could form multilayered urothelium and organized smooth muscle tissue after ureteral reconstruction in vivo. This strategy might be applied in clinical research for the treatment of long-segment ureteral defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhankui Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, PR China.
| | - Deqian Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, PR China
| | - Qingsheng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China
| | - Dandan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, PR China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China
| | - Yanjun Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China
| | - Chengjuan Fan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, PR China
| | - Lin Meng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, PR China
| | - Haizhou Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272100, PR China
| | - Honglian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China.
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Xing J, Qi Y, Monaco SE, Pantanowitz L. Determination of appropriate urine volume cutoff values for voided urine specimens to assess adequacy. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2019; 8:89-94. [PMID: 31287425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incorporating urine volume into adequacy assessment was recommended by The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. The concept was relatively new, however, and supportive studies were sparse. We accordingly aimed to determine the role of urine volume in adequacy assessment and cutoff values for urine samples using ThinPrep (Hologic, Inc, MA) processing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Archived consecutive urine cytology cases (n = 2117) were analyzed. Patient age, sex, collection method, urine volume and fixative (CytoLyt, Hologic, Inc) added, adequacy and diagnoses were documented. Adequate samples were defined as samples with >50 well-preserved, well-visualized urothelial cells. Diagnoses of suspicious and positive for high-grade urothelial carcinoma were combined for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. RESULTS There was a correlation between urine volume and the unsatisfactory/less than optimal cellularity versus satisfactory samples (P ≤ 0.001) in voided urine specimens. A minimum of 10 mL of fresh voided urine was found to be a reasonable cutoff to achieve sufficient cellularity. Cutoff values of 30 mL for voided urine for the high-risk diagnosis were associated with the highest χ2 statistic, although this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Urine volume was justified as an adequacy criterion in voided urine. Although 10 mL of fresh voided urine might achieve sufficient cellularity, higher volume (≥30 mL) is recommended in order to maximize the chance of detecting a high-risk diagnosis. Nevertheless, the presence of high-grade urothelial carcinoma can still be detected in low-volume (<20 mL) specimens. Hence, correlation of clinical information with voided urine volume cutoff values for individual cases might also be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xing
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Yan Qi
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara E Monaco
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Bruce TF, Slonecki TJ, Wang L, Huang S, Powell RR, Marcus RK. Exosome isolation and purification via hydrophobic interaction chromatography using a polyester, capillary-channeled polymer fiber phase. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:571-581. [PMID: 30548636 PMCID: PMC6881775 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, including microvesicles and exosomes, are lipidic membrane-derived vesicles that are secreted by most cell types. Exosomes, one class of these vesicles that are 30-100 nm in diameter, hold a great deal of promise in disease diagnostics, as they display the same protein biomarkers as their originating cell. For exosomes to become useful in disease diagnostics, and as burgeoning drug delivery platforms, they must be isolated efficiently and effectively without compromising their structure. Most current exosome isolation methods have practical problems including being too time-consuming and labor intensive, destructive to the exosomes, or too costly for use in clinical settings. To this end, this study examines the use of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers in a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) protocol to isolate exosomes from diverse matrices of practical concern. Initial results demonstrate the ability to isolate extracellular vesicles enriched in exosomes with comparable yields and size distributions on a much faster time scale when compared to traditional isolation methods. As a demonstration of the potential analytical utility of the approach, extracellular vesicle recoveries from cell culture milieu and a mock urine matrix are presented. The potential for scalable separations covering submilliliter spin-down columns to the preparative scale is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri F. Bruce
- Department of Bioengineering, Life Sciences Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Tyler J. Slonecki
- Department of Bioengineering, Life Sciences Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Sisi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Rhonda R. Powell
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - R. Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Tan WS, Sarpong R, Khetrapal P, Rodney S, Mostafid H, Cresswell J, Watson D, Rane A, Hicks J, Hellawell G, Davies M, Srirangam SJ, Dawson L, Payne D, Williams N, Brew‐Graves C, Feber A, Kelly JD. Does urinary cytology have a role in haematuria investigations? BJU Int 2019; 123:74-81. [PMID: 30003675 PMCID: PMC6334509 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of urinary cytology to diagnose bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) as well as the outcome of patients with a positive urine cytology and normal haematuria investigations in patients in a multicentre prospective observational study of patients investigated for haematuria. PATIENT AND METHODS The DETECT I study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02676180) recruited patients presenting with haematuria following referral to secondary case at 40 hospitals. All patients had a cystoscopy and upper tract imaging (renal bladder ultrasound [RBUS] and/ or CT urogram [CTU]). Patients, where urine cytology were performed, were sub-analysed. The reference standard for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and UTUC was histological confirmation of cancer. A positive urine cytology was defined as a urine cytology suspicious for neoplastic cells or atypical cells. RESULTS Of the 3 556 patients recruited, urine cytology was performed in 567 (15.9%) patients from nine hospitals. Median time between positive urine cytology and endoscopic tumour resection was 27 (IQR: 21.3-33.8) days. Bladder cancer was diagnosed in 39 (6.9%) patients and UTUC in 8 (1.4%) patients. The accuracy of urinary cytology for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and UTUC was: sensitivity 43.5%, specificity 95.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) 47.6% and negative predictive value (NPV) 94.9%. A total of 21 bladder cancers and 5 UTUC were missed. Bladder cancers missed according to grade and stage were as follows: 4 (19%) were ≥ pT2, 2 (9.5%) were G3 pT1, 10 (47.6%) were G3/2 pTa and 5 (23.8%) were G1 pTa. High-risk cancer was confirmed in 8 (38%) patients. There was a marginal improvement in sensitivity (57.7%) for high-risk cancers. When urine cytology was combined with imaging, the diagnostic performance improved with CTU (sensitivity 90.2%, specificity 94.9%) superior to RBUS (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 96.7%). False positive cytology results were confirmed in 22 patients, of which 12 (54.5%) had further invasive tests and 5 (22.7%) had a repeat cytology. No cancer was identified in these patients during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Urine cytology will miss a significant number of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and high-risk disease. Our results suggest that urine cytology should not be routinely performed as part of haematuria investigations. The role of urine cytology in select cases should be considered in the context of the impact of a false positive result leading to further potentially invasive tests conducted under general anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen Tan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of UrologyUniversity College London HospitalLondonUK
| | - Rachael Sarpong
- Surgical and Interventional Trials UnitUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Pramit Khetrapal
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of UrologyUniversity College London HospitalLondonUK
| | - Simon Rodney
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Hugh Mostafid
- Department of UrologyRoyal Surrey County HospitalGuildfordUK
| | - Joanne Cresswell
- Department of UrologyJames Cook University HospitalMiddlesbroughUK
| | - Dawn Watson
- Department of UrologyJames Cook University HospitalMiddlesbroughUK
| | - Abhay Rane
- Department of UrologyEast Surrey HospitalRedhillUK
| | - James Hicks
- Department of UrologyWorthing HospitalWorthingUK
| | | | - Melissa Davies
- Department of UrologySalisbury District HospitalSalisburyUK
| | | | | | - David Payne
- Department of UrologyKettering General HospitalKetteringUK
| | - Norman Williams
- Surgical and Interventional Trials UnitUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Chris Brew‐Graves
- Surgical and Interventional Trials UnitUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew Feber
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- UCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - John D. Kelly
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of UrologyUniversity College London HospitalLondonUK
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Gelwan E, Zhang ML, Allison DB, Cowan ML, DeLuca J, Fite JJ, Wangsiricharoen S, Williamson B, Zhou A, VandenBussche CJ. Variability among observers utilizing the CellSolutions BestCyte Cell Sorter imaging system for the assessment of urinary tract cytology specimens. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2019; 8:18-26. [PMID: 30929755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Image analysis systems are not currently commonly used for evaluating urinary cytology specimens. We evaluated whether the BestCyte Cell Sorter (CellSolutions, Greensboro, NC) imaging system can reliably identify atypical cells in urinary cytology specimens. METHODS Fifty-three consecutive urine cytology specimens underwent 2 preparations: one slide using SurePath (SP; BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD)™ for routine clinical evaluation, and a second slide using the CellSolutions F50 system for analysis by the BestCyte Cell Sorter (BCCS) scanning system. Eight observers reviewed atypical cells flagged by BCCS and assigned a BCCS diagnosis to each of the 53 specimens. The observers also blindly reviewed the SP preparation (when available) and assigned an SP diagnosis. The SP diagnoses given by one "expert" observer was considered as a reference diagnosis. RESULTS There was fair-to-moderate agreement among observers for identifying any atypia and high-grade atypia (Fleiss kappa: 0.417 and 0.338, respectively) using BCCS. Review of SP preparations had slightly better agreement (Fleiss kappa: 0.558 and 0.564, respectively). Intraobserver agreement between the two methods varied greatly between individuals (Cohen's kappa range: 0.260 to 0.647). When a consensus diagnosis could be reached among the observers for cases with surgical follow-up, the consensus diagnosis was concordant in 11 of 12 instances, with one instance being a one-step discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS Specimen review by BCCS resulted in slightly greater interobserver variability than review of routine SP preparations. This may have been due to variations in observer experience and comfort with the use of a digital imaging system, which is further suggested by the wide range of intraobserver agreement among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Gelwan
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M Lisa Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Derek B Allison
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Morgan L Cowan
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juliana DeLuca
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J Judd Fite
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Bonnie Williamson
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amy Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher J VandenBussche
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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41
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Manoni F, Gessoni G, Fogazzi GB, Alessio MG, Caleffi A, Gambaro G, Secchiero S, Pieretti B, Ottomano C, Liverani A, Drago C, Balboni F, Epifani MG, Saccani G, DI Rienzo G, Valverde S, Ravasio R, Brunori G, Gesualdo L. [PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL URINE EXAMINATION: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE POST ANALYTICAL PHASE FROM THE INTERDISCIPLINARY URINALYSIS GROUP (GIAU)]. G Ital Nefrol 2018; 35:35-6-2018-4. [PMID: 30550034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With these recommendations the Interdisciplinary Urinalysis Group (GIAU) aims to stimulate the following aspects : improvement and standardization of the post analytical approach to physical, chemical and morphological urine examination (ECMU); emphasize the value added to ECMU by selection of clinically significant parameters, indication of analytical methods, of units of measurement, of reference values; improvement of interpretation of dip stick urinalysis with particular regard to the reconsideration of the diagnostic significance of the evaluated parameters together with an increasing awareness of the limits of sensitivity and specificity of this analytical method. Accompanied by the skills to propose and carry out in-depth investigations with analytical methods that are more sensitive and specific;increase the awareness of the importance of professional skills in the field of urinary morphology and their relationships with the clinicians. through the introduction, in the report, of descriptive and interpretative comments depending on the type of request, the complexity of the laboratory, the competence of the pathologist;implement a policy of evaluation of the analytical quality by using, in addition to traditional internal and external controls, a program for the evaluation of morphological competence. The hope is to revalue the enormous potential diagnostic of ECMU, implementing a urinalysis on personalized diagnostic needs that each patient brings with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Manoni
- Dipartimento dei Servizi di Diagnosi e Cura Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud Madre Teresa di Calcutta, Monselice, PD
| | - Gianluca Gessoni
- Servizio di Medicina di Laboratorio, Ospedale Madonna della Navicella, Chioggia, VE
| | - Giovanni Battista Fogazzi
- Laboratorio Clinico e di Ricerca sul Sedimento Urinario U.O. Di Nefrologia e Dialisi Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano
| | - Maria Grazia Alessio
- Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche. ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Piazza OMS Bergamo
| | - Alberta Caleffi
- U.O Diagnostica Ematochimica, Dipartimento Diagnostico, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Parma
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Cattedra di Nefrologia-Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - Sandra Secchiero
- Centro di Ricerca Biomedica, U.O.C. Medicina di Laboratorio Azienda Ospedaliera-Università, Padova
| | | | | | - Anna Liverani
- Dipartimento dei Servizi di Diagnosi e Cura Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud Madre Teresa di Calcutta, Monselice, PD
| | - Cettina Drago
- Laboratorio di Analisi Cliniche e Microbiologiche del Centro Cuore Morgagni in Pedara
| | | | - Maria Grazia Epifani
- Centro di Ricerca Biomedica, U.O.C. Medicina di Laboratorio Azienda Ospedaliera-Università, Padova
| | | | | | - Sara Valverde
- Servizio di Medicina di Laboratorio, Ospedale Madonna della Navicella, Chioggia VE
| | - Rudi Ravasio
- Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche. ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Piazza OMS Bergamo
| | | | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Cattedra Nefrologia Università degli Studi di Bari-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari
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42
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Gaignerie A, Lefort N, Rousselle M, Forest-Choquet V, Flippe L, Francois-Campion V, Girardeau A, Caillaud A, Chariau C, Francheteau Q, Derevier A, Chaubron F, Knöbel S, Gaborit N, Si-Tayeb K, David L. Urine-derived cells provide a readily accessible cell type for feeder-free mRNA reprogramming. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14363. [PMID: 30254308 PMCID: PMC6156222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a decade after their discovery, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a major biological model. The iPSC technology allows generation of pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells bearing any genomic background. The challenge ahead of us is to translate human iPSCs (hiPSCs) protocols into clinical treatment. To do so, we need to improve the quality of hiPSCs produced. In this study we report the reprogramming of multiple patient urine-derived cell lines with mRNA reprogramming, which, to date, is one of the fastest and most faithful reprogramming method. We show that mRNA reprogramming efficiently generates hiPSCs from urine-derived cells. Moreover, we were able to generate feeder-free bulk hiPSCs lines that did not display genomic abnormalities. Altogether, this reprogramming method will contribute to accelerating the translation of hiPSCs to therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gaignerie
- SFR-SANTE, iPSC core facility, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - N Lefort
- IPS Platform, Institut Imagine, INSERM, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne University, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - M Rousselle
- SFR-SANTE, iPSC core facility, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - L Flippe
- CRTI, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- ITUN, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - V Francois-Campion
- CRTI, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- ITUN, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - A Girardeau
- Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - A Caillaud
- Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - C Chariau
- SFR-SANTE, iPSC core facility, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Q Francheteau
- SFR-SANTE, iPSC core facility, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - A Derevier
- SFR-SANTE, iPSC core facility, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - F Chaubron
- Institut Clinident, Bat Laennec, Domaine du petit arbois, 13592, Aix en Provence Cedex 3, France
| | - S Knöbel
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - N Gaborit
- Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - K Si-Tayeb
- Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L David
- SFR-SANTE, iPSC core facility, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
- CRTI, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
- ITUN, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.
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43
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Abstract
The utility of urine cytology has shifted from the identification of red blood cells, crystals, or parasites to its currently used role of detection of cancer cells exfoliated in urine samples. A variety of ancillary tests have been developed to complement the diagnostic ability of urine cytology. Furthermore, urine testing will continue to evolve as the pathogenesis of genitourinary tract diseases in depth is understood. This article focuses on the diagnostic advances in urine cytology from the cytomorphological perspective, past and current reporting schemes, and the application of ancillary testing in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xing
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Shadyside Hospital, 5150 Centre Avenue, POB2, Suite 201.2, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Jordan P Reynolds
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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44
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Liu Z, Cauvi DM, Bernardino EMA, Lara B, Lizardo RE, Hawisher D, Bickler S, De Maio A. Isolation and characterization of human urine extracellular vesicles. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:943-953. [PMID: 29796787 PMCID: PMC6111092 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (ECV) reflect physiological or pathological conditions, emerging as potential biomarkers for disease. They can be obtained from a variety of body fluids, particularly urine that is an ideal source because it can be obtained in great quantities, recurrently and with minimal intervention. However, the characterization of urine ECV is challenging because the preparation is usually contaminated with soluble proteins, such as uromodulin (UMOD) or Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein that forms large extracellular filaments co-sedimenting with ECV. We developed a method to obtain human urine ECV free of UMOD by the addition of ZnSO4 prior to vesicle isolation by differential centrifugation. Treatment with ZnSO4 did not affect the size and concentration of the vesicle preparation and preserved the storage of the samples at low temperatures. We did not observe a variation in the number of vesicles isolated during different times of the day or different days between different donors. The glycoprotein pattern of urine ECV was characterized by binding to concanavalin A (Con A) and mass spectroscopy. Several markers were found, including dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26), vacuolar protein sorting factor 4A (VPS4A) and dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1), and galectin 3 binding protein (G3-BP). The levels of VPS4A and DPEP1 were similar in ECV preparations obtained from several donors of both sexes. Con A binding pattern and monosaccharide composition were also comparable between subjects. In summary, our method for the isolation of highly pure ECV derived from human urine is likely to help in the use of these vesicles as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanguo Liu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0739, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David M Cauvi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0739, USA
| | - Erika M A Bernardino
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0739, USA
| | - Bernardo Lara
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0739, USA
| | | | - Dennis Hawisher
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0739, USA
| | - Stephen Bickler
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0739, USA
| | - Antonio De Maio
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0739, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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45
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Knight B. The paris system: A valuable new approach, but there is more to find in urine than high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126:513-517. [PMID: 30156765 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Tobacco smoking contributes to about 50% of the bladder-cancer (BC) cases in the United States. Some aromatic amines in tobacco smoke are bladder carcinogens; however, other causal agents of BC are uncertain. Exfoliated urinary cells (EUCs) are a promising noninvasive biospecimen to screen for DNA adducts of chemicals that damage the bladder genome, although the analysis of DNA adducts in EUCs is technically challenging because of the low number of EUCs and limiting quantity of cellular DNA. Moreover, EUCs and their DNA adducts must remain viable during the time of collection and storage of urine to develop robust screening methods. We employed RT4 cells, a well-differentiated transitional epithelial bladder cell line, as a cell-model system in urine to investigate cell viability and the chemical stability of DNA adducts of two prototypical bladder carcinogens: 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), an aromatic amine found in tobacco smoke, and aristolochic acid I (AA-I), a nitrophenanthrene found in Aristolochia herbaceous plants used for medicinal purposes worldwide. The cell viability of RT4 cells pretreated with 4-ABP or AA-I in urine exceeded 80%, and the major DNA adducts of 4-ABP and AA-I, quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, were stable for 24 h. Thereafter, we successfully screened EUCs of mice treated with AA-I to measure DNA adducts of AA-I, which were still detected 25 days following treatment with the carcinogen. EUCs are promising biospecimens that can be employed for the screening of DNA adducts of environmental and dietary genotoxicants that may contribute to the development of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hwa Yun
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas A. Rosenquist
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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47
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Abstract
Desirable cells for human cell therapy would be ones that can be generated by simple isolation and culture techniques using a donor sample obtained by non-invasive methods. To date, the different donor-specific cells that can be isolated from blood, skin, and hair require invasive methods for sample isolation and incorporate complex and costly reagents to culture. These cells also take considerable time for their in-vitro isolation and expansion. Previous studies suggest that donor-derived cells, namely urine stem cells and renal cells, may be isolated from human urine samples using a cost-effective and simple method of isolation, incorporating not such complex reagents. Moreover, the isolated cells, particularly urine stem cells, are superior to conventional stem cell sources in terms of favourable gene profile and inherent multipotent potential. Transdifferentiation or differentiation of human urine-derived cells can generate desirable cells for regenerative therapy. In this review, we intended to discuss the characteristics and therapeutic applications of urine-derived cells for human cell therapy. Conclusively, with detailed study and optimisation, urine-derived cells have a prospective future to generate functional lineage-specific cells for patients from a clinical translation point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimshitha Pavathuparambil Abdul Manaph
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawaas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
| | - Patrick T. Coates
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia
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48
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a rich source of biomarkers providing diagnostic and prognostic information in diseases such as cancer. Large-scale investigations into the contents of EVs in clinical cohorts are warranted, but a major obstacle is the lack of a rapid, reproducible, efficient, and low-cost methodology to enrich EVs. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of an automated acoustic-based technique to enrich EVs, termed acoustic trapping. Using this technology, we have successfully enriched EVs from cell culture conditioned media and urine and blood plasma from healthy volunteers. The acoustically trapped samples contained EVs ranging from exosomes to microvesicles in size and contained detectable levels of intravesicular microRNAs. Importantly, this method showed high reproducibility and yielded sufficient quantities of vesicles for downstream analysis. The enrichment could be obtained from a sample volume of 300 μL or less, an equivalent to 30 min of enrichment time, depending on the sensitivity of downstream analysis. Taken together, acoustic trapping provides a rapid, automated, low-volume compatible, and robust method to enrich EVs from biofluids. Thus, it may serve as a novel tool for EV enrichment from large number of samples in a clinical setting with minimum sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Ku
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hooi Ching Lim
- Division of Molecular Hematology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Evander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K., OX3 9DU
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Division of Molecular Hematology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221-85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Ceder
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
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49
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Chong PF, Nakamura K, Kira R. Mulberries in the urine: a tell-tale sign of Fabry disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:745-746. [PMID: 29488049 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is a treatable progressive illness of inborn error causing eventual multiple organ dysfunction in advanced untreated cases. We report on a classic Fabry child patient presenting with urinary mulberry cells and bodies without renal involvement. This report emphasizes the usefulness of urinary microscopic findings in the early diagnosis of Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Fee Chong
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, 5-1-1 Kashiiteriha, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-0017, Japan.
| | - Kimitoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, 5-1-1 Kashiiteriha, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-0017, Japan
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50
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Chen WM, Yang QY, Bian J, Han DY, Lai DH, Sun XZ, Deng CH. [Protective effect of urine-derived stem cells on erectile dysfunction in rats with cavernous nerve injury]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2018; 24:483-490. [PMID: 30173451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of human urine-derived stem cells (USCs) on erectile function and cavernous structure in rats with cavernous nerve injury (CNI). METHODS Sixty adult male SD rats with normal sexual function were randomly divided into four groups of equal number: sham operation, bilateral CNI (BCNI) model control, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and USC. The BCNI model was established in the latter three groups of rats by clamping the bilateral cavernous nerves. After modeling, the rats in the PBS and USC groups were treated by intracavernous injection of PBS at 200 μl and USCs at 1×106/200 μl PBS respectively for 28 days. Then, the maximum intracavernous pressure (mICP) and the ratio of mICP to mean arterial pressure (mICP/MAP) of the rats were calculated by electrical stimulation of the major pelvic ganglions, the proportion of nNOS- or NF200-positive nerve fibers in the total area of penile dorsal nerves determined by immunohistochemical staining, the levels of endothelial cell marker eNOS, smooth muscle marker α-SMA and collagen I detected by Western blot, and the smooth muscle to collagen ratio and the cell apoptosis rate in the corpus cavernosum measured by Masson staining and TUNEL, respectively. RESULTS After 28 days of treatment, the rats in the USC group, as compared with those in the PBS and BCNI model control groups, showed significant increases in the mICP ([81 ± 9.9] vs [31 ± 8.3] and [33 ± 4.2] mmHg, P <0.05), mICP/MAP ratio (0.72 ± 0.05 vs 0.36 ± 0.03 and 0.35 ± 0.04, P <0.05), the proportions of nNOS-positive nerve fibers ([11.31 ± 4.22]% vs [6.86 ± 3.08]% and [7.29 ± 4.84]% , P <0.05) and NF200-positive nerve fibers in the total area of penile dorsal nerves ([27.31 ± 3.12]% vs [17.38 ± 2.87]% and [19.49 ± 4.92]%, P <0.05), the eNOS/GAPDH ratio (0.52 ± 0.08 vs 0.31 ± 0.06 and 0.33 ± 0.07, P <0.05), and the α-SMA/GAPDH ratio (1.01 ± 0.09 vs 0.36 ± 0.05 and 0.38 ± 0.04, P <0.05), but a remarkable decrease in the collagen I/GAPDH ratio (0.28 ± 0.06 vs 0.68 ± 0.04 and 0.70 ± 0.10, P <0.05). The ratio of smooth muscle to collagen in the corpus cavernosum was significantly higher in the USC than in the PBS and BCNI model control groups (17.91 ± 2.86 vs 7.70 ± 3.12 and 8.21 ± 3.83, P <0.05) while the rate of cell apoptosis markedly lower in the former than in the latter two (3.31 ± 0.83 vs 9.82 ± 0.76, P <0.01; 3.31 ± 0.83 vs 9.75 ± 0.91, P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intracavernous injection of USCs can protect the erectile function of the rat with cavernous nerve injury by protecting the nerves, improving the endothelial function, alleviating fibrosis and inhibiting cell apoptosis in the cavernous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Mei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qi-Yun Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jun Bian
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Da-Yu Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - De-Hui Lai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chun-Hua Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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