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A Rare Chromosome Rearrangement Leading to de la Chapelle Syndrome with a Mosaic 45,X Cell Line: (46,X,psu dic(X;Y)(p22.13;q11.221)/45,X/45,psu dic(X;Y)(p22.13;q11.221). Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010081. [PMID: 36672822 PMCID: PMC9858770 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects about 15% of couples of childbearing age. About half of these cases can be attributed predominantly to a male factor, such as a quantitative or qualitative impairment in spermatogenesis. The first-line genetic screening for non-obstructive azoospermia is limited to karyotyping (to identify chromosome abnormalities) and Y chromosome microdeletions screening, with a view to explaining the spermatogenetic failure and evaluating the likelihood of sperm retrieval in a testicular biopsy. For patients with de la Chapelle syndrome (a 46,XX karyotype with the presence of SRY (Sex determining region Y) gene) and/or Y chromosome microdeletions, or sex chromosome mosaicism, sperm retrieval is usually unsuccessful. Here, we report a patient with de la Chapelle syndrome and a short stature caused by mosaicism and a very rare chromosome rearrangement: mos 46,X,psu dic(X;Y)/45,X/45,psu dic(X;Y). This case indicates that in de la Chapelle syndrome, X- and Y-chromosome breakpoint variability is high.
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Kurnaz E, Çetinkaya S, Savaş-Erdeve Ş, Aycan Z. Detection of the SRY gene in patients with Turner Syndrome. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2019; 48:265-267. [PMID: 30685428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND If turner syndrome (TS) patients have a Y-containing cell line, they have an increased risk for gonadal tumors. TS patients are therefore screened for Y-chromosome and Y-specific sequences, such as SRY, DYZ1, DYZ3, DYS132, ZFY, TSPY, etc. In addition, since the dysgenetic gonad may include the stroma and granulosa/sertoli cells, which produce androgens, virilization can seen in girls with Y-chromosomal material. Prophylactic gonadectomy may therefore be required for optimal management in such patients. Our aim is to discuss our observations in the follow-up of TS patients. METHODS SRY was investigated in 71 out of 85 TS cases (aged 3 months-27 years) between 2005 and 2017. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used until 2014, after which SRY analysis was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. SRY analysis was performed a second time using PCR in 25 cases previously investigated with FISH. RESULTS We identified no positive cases. No pathological findings in terms of virilization, clitoromegaly, or posterior labial adhesions were also determined in our TS cases. Further studies were not required since no pathological findings also were detected at ultrasonography. CONCLUSION If Y-chromosome material has not been detected by conventional cytogenetic methods in TS patients with masculine features, further techniques should be applied to prevent the risk of invasive tumors, such as multiple sequences beside the Y centromere. This approach will prevent overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Kurnaz
- Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Savaş-Erdeve
- Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aycan
- Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Cormier AA, Buikstra JE, Osterholtz A. Overlapping genetic pathways in the skeletal dysplasias of a middle woodland individual: A case study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2017; 18:98-107. [PMID: 28888399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies of interacting/overlapping genetic skeletal disorders are rare for populations today, but even more so for archaeological contexts. The skeletal remains of an adult female (EZ 3-7-1) were excavated in the 1980s from the Middle Woodland (50BC-AD400) context of the Elizabeth site (11PK512) in the lower Illinois Valley (LIV), USA. Reported here are the standard score (z-score) comparisons of the measured skeletal differences of EZ 3-7-1 with a reference sample and a re-analysis of the individual's pathological changes, with special consideration placed on refining the disease diagnosis. The impressive preservation and meticulous recovery of these skeletal remains have provided the opportunity to identify the first and earliest archaeological example of an individual (EZ 3-7-1) with a combined genetic skeletal dysplasia, Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis and achondroplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva A Cormier
- Department of Archaeology, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Suite 347, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Jane E Buikstra
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, PO Box 872402, Tempe, AZ, 85287-2402, USA.
| | - Anna Osterholtz
- Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures/Cobb Institute of Archaeology, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box AR, MS, 39762, USA.
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Pavlistova L, Izakova S, Zemanova Z, Bartuskova L, Langova M, Malikova P, Michalova K. Rare congenital chromosomal aberration dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32) in a patient with primary myelofibrosis. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:67. [PMID: 27588041 PMCID: PMC5007838 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutional translocations between sex chromosomes are rather rare in humans with breakpoints at Xp11 and Yq11 as the most frequent. Breakpoints on the short arm of the Y chromosome form one subgroup of t(X;Y), giving rise to a derived chromosome with the centromeres of both the X and Y chromosomes, dic(X;Y). Here, we report a rare congenital chromosomal aberration, 46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32)[20]/45,X[10], in an adult male. CASE PRESENTATION Primary myelofibrosis, a malignant haematological disease, was diagnosed in a 63-year-old man following liver transplantation after hepatocellular carcinoma. By the analysis of the bone marrow sample, the karyotype 46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32) was detected in all the mitoses analysed and verified with multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH). A cytogenetic examination of stimulated peripheral blood cells revealed the constitutional karyotype 46,X,dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32)[20]/45,X[10]. The cell line 45,X was confirmed with FISH in 35 % of interphase nuclei. The SRY locus was present on the dicentric chromosome. A CGH/SNP array (Illumina) revealed a gain of 153,7 Mbp of the X chromosome and a 803-kbp microdeletion (including the SHOX gene), which were also confirmed with FISH. SHOX encodes a transcriptional factor that regulates the growth of the long bones. The deletion of the SHOX gene together with the Madelung deformity of the forearm and the short stature of the proband led to a diagnosis of Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD). The gain of almost the whole X chromosome (153,7 Mbp) was considered a variant of Klinefelter syndrome (KS). The levels of gonadotropins and testosterone were consistent with gonadal dysfunction. A malformation of the right external ear was detected. CONCLUSIONS We have reported a structural aberration of the sex chromosomes, dic(X;Y)(p22.33;p11.32). The related genomic imbalance is associated with two known hereditary syndromes, LWD and a KS variant, identified in our proband at an advanced age. Because the breakpoints did not involve cancer genes, we inferred that the two malignancies in the proband were not caused by this abnormality. The possible influence of SHOX haploinsufficiency on the growth regulation of auricular chondrocytes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Pavlistova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Izakova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Zemanova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bartuskova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08 Czech Republic
| | - Martina Langova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty Thomayer's Hospital, Vídeňská 800, 140 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Malikova
- Department of Clinical Hematology IKEM, Vídeňská 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kyra Michalova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, U Nemocnice 499/2, Prague 2, 128 08 Czech Republic ; Department of Cytogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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de Leeuw N, Bulk S, Green A, Jaeckle-Santos L, Baker LA, Zinn AR, Kleefstra T, van der Smagt JJ, Vianne Morgante AM, de Vries BBA, van Bokhoven H, de Brouwer APM. UBE2A deficiency syndrome: Mild to severe intellectual disability accompanied by seizures, absent speech, urogenital, and skin anomalies in male patients. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 152A:3084-90. [PMID: 21108393 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe three patients with a comparable deletion encompassing SLC25A43, SLC25A5, CXorf56, UBE2A, NKRF, and two non-coding RNA genes, U1 and LOC100303728. Moderate to severe intellectual disability (ID), psychomotor retardation, severely impaired/absent speech, seizures, and urogenital anomalies were present in all three patients. Facial dysmorphisms include ocular hypertelorism, synophrys, and a depressed nasal bridge. These clinical features overlap with those described in two patients from a family with a similar deletion at Xq24 that also includes UBE2A, and in several patients of Brazilian and Polish families with point mutations in UBE2A. Notably, all five patients with an Xq24 deletion have ventricular septal defects that are not present in patients with a point mutation, which might be attributed to the deletion of SLC25A5. Taken together, the UBE2A deficiency syndrome in male patients with a mutation in or a deletion of UBE2A is characterized by ID, absent speech, seizures, urogenital anomalies, frequently including a small penis, and skin abnormalities, which include generalized hirsutism, low posterior hairline, myxedematous appearance, widely spaced nipples, and hair whorls. Facial dysmorphisms include a wide face, a depressed nasal bridge, a large mouth with downturned corners, thin vermilion, and a short, broad neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zinn AR, Ramos P, Ross JL. Reply to Benito-Sanz et al. Am J Hum Genet 2006. [DOI: 10.1086/506391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Zinn AR, Ramos P, Ross JL. A second recombination hotspot associated with SHOX deletions. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78:523-5. [PMID: 16572514 PMCID: PMC1380296 DOI: 10.1086/500958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Zinn
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas; and Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
| | - Purita Ramos
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas; and Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
| | - Judith L. Ross
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas; and Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
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Ross JL, Kowal K, Quigley CA, Blum WF, Cutler GB, Crowe B, Hovanes K, Elder FF, Zinn AR. The phenotype of short stature homeobox gene (SHOX) deficiency in childhood: contrasting children with Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis and Turner syndrome. J Pediatr 2005; 147:499-507. [PMID: 16227037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the growth disorder and phenotype in prepubertal children with Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD), a dominantly inherited skeletal dysplasia, and to compare the findings from girls with Turner syndrome (TS). STUDY DESIGN We studied the auxologic and phenotypic characteristics in 34 prepubertal LWD subjects (ages 1 to 10 years; 20 girls, 14 boys) with confirmed short stature homeobox-containing gene (SHOX) abnormalities. For comparative purposes, we evaluated similar physical and growth parameters in 76 girls with TS (ages 1 to 19 years) and 24 girls with LWD (ages 1 to 15 years) by using data collected from the postmarketing observational study, GeNeSIS. RESULTS In the clinic sample LWD subjects, height standard deviation score ranged from -5.5 to +0.1 (-2.3 +/- 1.3, girls and -1.8 +/- 0.6, boys). Wrist changes related to Madelung deformity were present in 18 of 34 (53%) LWD subjects. In comparing the LWD and TS populations in the GeNeSIS sample, Madelung deformity, increased carrying angle, and scoliosis were more prevalent in the LWD population, whereas high arched palate was similarly prevalent in the two populations. CONCLUSIONS Short stature is common in both LWD (girls and boys) and TS (girls). Clinical clues to the diagnosis of SHOX haploinsufficiency in childhood include short stature, short limbs, wrist changes, and tibial bowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Ross JL, Bellus G, Scott CI, Abboudi J, Grigelioniene G, Zinn AR. Mesomelic and rhizomelic short stature: The phenotype of combined Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis and achondroplasia or hypochondroplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 116A:61-5. [PMID: 12476453 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We studied two children with combined genetic skeletal disorders. Both had Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD); one also had achondroplasia and the other had hypochondroplasia. Both had severe short stature and evidence of rhizomelia and mesomelia as well as other phenotypic features of their individual genetic disorders. Achondroplasia was due to the G380R FGF3R mutation and hypochondroplasia to a N540K mutation in the same gene. The patient with hypochondroplasia had a heterozygous SHOX deletion; no SHOX mutation was identified in the child with achondroplasia. The phenotypes of combined LWD and achondroplasia or hypochondroplasia appeared to be less than additive, suggesting that SHOX and FGFR3 act on overlapping pathways of bone growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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Ross JL, Scott C, Marttila P, Kowal K, Nass A, Papenhausen P, Abboudi J, Osterman L, Kushner H, Carter P, Ezaki M, Elder F, Wei F, Chen H, Zinn AR. Phenotypes Associated with SHOX Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:5674-80. [PMID: 11739418 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.12.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) (MIM 127300) is a dominantly inherited skeletal dysplasia characterized phenotypically by Madelung wrist deformity, mesomelia, and short stature. LWD can now be defined genetically by haploinsufficiency of the SHOX (short stature homeobox-containing) gene. We have studied 21 LWD families (43 affected LWD subjects, including 32 females and 11 males, ages 3-56 yr) with confirmed SHOX abnormalities. We investigated the relationship between SHOX mutations, height deficit, and Madelung deformity to determine the contribution of SHOX haploinsufficiency to the LWD and Turner syndrome (TS) phenotypes. Also, we examined the effects of age, gender, and female puberty (estrogen) on the LWD phenotype. SHOX deletions were present in affected individuals from 17 families (81%), and point mutations were detected in 4 families (19%). In the LWD subjects, height deficits ranged from -4.6 to +0.6 SD (mean +/- SD = -2.2 +/- 1.0). There were no statistically significant effects of age, gender, pubertal status, or parental origin of SHOX mutations on height z-score. The height deficit in LWD is approximately two thirds that of TS. Madelung deformity was present in 74% of LWD children and adults and was more frequent and severe in females than males. The prevalence of the Madelung deformity was higher in the LWD vs. a TS population. The prevalence of increased carrying angle, high arched palate, and scoliosis was similar in the two populations. In conclusion, SHOX deletions or mutations accounted for all of our LWD cases. SHOX haploinsufficiency accounts for most, but not all, of the TS height deficit. The LWD phenotype shows some gender- and age-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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