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Coutinho Nogueira D, Dutour O, Coqueugniot H, Tillier AM. Qafzeh 9 mandible (ca 90-100 kyrs BP, Israel) revisited: μ-CT and 3D reveal new pathological conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 26:104-110. [PMID: 31351220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to provide new insights into growth patterns and health of Mousterian hunter-gatherers dated to ca. 90-100 kyrs B.P. from the Qafzeh site. MATERIALS An almost complete skeleton, including the mandible from the Qafzeh site (Qafzeh 9). METHODS Micro-CT and medical imaging techniques are used to explore inaccessible inner structures and to assess the etiology of identified lesion. RESULTS Mandibular and dental conditions appear to be growth-related skeletal disorders. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, Qafzeh 9 offers the earliest evidence of associated mandibular and dental pathological conditions (i.e. non-ossifying fibroma of the mandible, pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption and osteochondritis dissecans of the temporomandibular joint) among early anatomically modern humans, and more generally among Middle Palaeolithic hominins in Southwestern Asia. The diagnoses can be added to other growth-related disorders of skulls previously documented from the Qafzeh site (Tillier, 1999; Tillier et al., 2001), suggesting a quite high and exceptional incidence of these conditions compared to those of Palaeolithic populations. SIGNIFICANCE Identification of pathological conditions in subadults from Eurasia dated to the Middle Palaeolithic is documented less often than in adult skeletons. Hence, new results from immature fossil remains are particularly important to our understanding of the past. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH This research will be extended to the rest of the skeleton, then to all Qafzeh specimens in order to broaden our understanding of this anatomically modern group.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Coutinho Nogueira
- EPHE - PSL Research University, Paris - Chair of Biological Anthropology Paul Broca, France; UMR 5199 PACEA, CNRS - University of Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac cedex, France.
| | - O Dutour
- EPHE - PSL Research University, Paris - Chair of Biological Anthropology Paul Broca, France; UMR 5199 PACEA, CNRS - University of Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac cedex, France.
| | - H Coqueugniot
- EPHE - PSL Research University, Paris - Chair of Biological Anthropology Paul Broca, France; UMR 5199 PACEA, CNRS - University of Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac cedex, France.
| | - A-M Tillier
- UMR 5199 PACEA, CNRS - University of Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac cedex, France.
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Bedić Ž, Bebek AA, Čavka M, Šlaus M. A case of hydrocephalus in a child from early modern period Žumberak, Croatia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 26:1-7. [PMID: 31151079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the etiology of a subadult skeleton exhibiting increased size of the neurocranium and upper face. MATERIALS Skeletal remains of a child aged between 1.5-2 years from the Early Modern Period (14th -18th), Žumberak, Croatia. METHODS Metric and volumetric data were collected, and CT with VRT reconstruction was employed. RESULTS Metric analyses indicate that the neurocranium and upper face display increased size and volume. CONCLUSION A diagnosis of the communicating form of hydrocephalus is suggested. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first published case of the communicating form of hydrocephalus. LIMITATIONS It is difficult to determine the specific etiology of this condition based on skeletal remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka Bedić
- Anthropological Center, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ante Kovačića 5, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ana Azinović Bebek
- Croatian Conservation Institute, Division for Archaeological Heritage, Kožarska 5, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mislav Čavka
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Chair of Social Medicine and Organization of Health Care, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Šlaus
- Anthropological Center, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ante Kovačića 5, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Villotte S, Ogden A, Trinkaus E. Dental Abnormalities and Oral Pathology of the Pataud 1 Upper Paleolithic Human. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3166/bmsap-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have re-evaluated the dental abnormalities and oral pathology evident on the Mid-Upper Paleolithic Pataud 1 skeleton, including additional remains recently excavated for this individual, in an effort to expand current knowledge of Pleistocene human paleopathology, in light of current clinical and paleopathological assessments of oral variation and diseases. The young adult female Pataud 1 presents an impacted right M3, widespread periodontitis, large retromolar voids, double right maxillary supernumerary (paramolar) teeth, and new bone deposition on the medial mandibular rami and posterior maxillae. The Pataud 1 remains thus join a substantial sample of Pleistocene humans with congenital/developmental abnormalities, some of which (as in Pataud 1) consequently resulted in secondary abnormalities. M3impaction and supernumerary teeth are known in a couple of other Mid-Upper Paleolithic individuals, and mild to moderate periodontal disease appears to have been widespread. However, such marked resorption of the alveolar margin in a young adult is unusual, and the secondary inflammation (possibly septicemia) leading to new bone deposition is otherwise unknown in the sample and may have led to her death.
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Kessler SE, Bonnell TR, Byrne RW, Chapman CA. Selection to outsmart the germs: The evolution of disease recognition and social cognition. J Hum Evol 2017. [PMID: 28622934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of providing care to diseased conspecifics must have been a turning point during the evolution of hominin sociality. On a population level, care may have minimized the costs of socially transmitted diseases at a time of increasing social complexity, although individual care-givers probably incurred increased transmission risks. We propose that care-giving likely originated within kin networks, where the costs may have been balanced by fitness increases obtained through caring for ill kin. We test a novel hypothesis of hominin cognitive evolution in which disease may have selected for the cognitive ability to recognize when a conspecific is infected. Because diseases may produce symptoms that are likely detectable via the perceptual-cognitive pathways integral to social cognition, we suggest that disease recognition and social cognition may have evolved together. Using agent-based modeling, we test 1) under what conditions disease can select for increasing disease recognition and care-giving among kin, 2) whether providing care produces greater selection for cognition than an avoidance strategy, and 3) whether care-giving alters the progression of the disease through the population. The greatest selection was produced by diseases with lower risks to the care-giver and prevalences low enough not to disrupt the kin networks. When care-giving and avoidance strategies were compared, only care-giving reduced the severity of the disease outbreaks and subsequent population crashes. The greatest selection for increased cognitive abilities occurred early in the model runs when the outbreaks and population crashes were most severe. Therefore, over the course of human evolution, repeated introductions of novel diseases into naïve populations could have produced sustained selection for increased disease recognition and care-giving behavior, leading to the evolution of increased cognition, social complexity, and, eventually, medical care in humans. Finally, we lay out predictions derived from our disease recognition hypothesis that we encourage paleoanthropologists, bioarchaeologists, primatologists, and paleogeneticists to test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Kessler
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Canada; Durham University, Department of Anthropology, UK.
| | | | - Richard W Byrne
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, UK
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Canada; Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, USA
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Coqueugniot H, Dutour O, Arensburg B, Duday H, Vandermeersch B, Tillier AM. Earliest cranio-encephalic trauma from the Levantine Middle Palaeolithic: 3D reappraisal of the Qafzeh 11 skull, consequences of pediatric brain damage on individual life condition and social care. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102822. [PMID: 25054798 PMCID: PMC4108366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Qafzeh site (Lower Galilee, Israel) has yielded the largest Levantine hominin collection from Middle Palaeolithic layers which were dated to circa 90-100 kyrs BP or to marine isotope stage 5b-c. Within the hominin sample, Qafzeh 11, circa 12-13 yrs old at death, presents a skull lesion previously attributed to a healed trauma. Three dimensional imaging methods allowed us to better explore this lesion which appeared as being a frontal bone depressed fracture, associated with brain damage. Furthermore the endocranial volume, smaller than expected for dental age, supports the hypothesis of a growth delay due to traumatic brain injury. This trauma did not affect the typical human brain morphology pattern of the right frontal and left occipital petalia. It is highly probable that this young individual suffered from personality and neurological troubles directly related to focal cerebral damage. Interestingly this young individual benefited of a unique funerary practice among the south-western Asian burials dated to Middle Palaeolithic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Coqueugniot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 – De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) – Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Olivier Dutour
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 – De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) – Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie biologique Paul Broca, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris, France
- Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baruch Arensburg
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Henri Duday
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 – De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) – Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie biologique Paul Broca, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris, France
| | - Bernard Vandermeersch
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 – De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) – Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Anne-marie Tillier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 – De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) – Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Account of Haly Abbas regarding the management of hydrocephalus in children: a text from medieval times. World Neurosurg 2013; 82:e791-6. [PMID: 23962692 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the text on hydrocephalus from Haly Abbas's book Kitāb al-Malikī / Liber Regius (The Royal Book), which was accepted as a classical textbook in the Eastern and Western worlds for a long time. METHODS The Arabic (Süleymaniye Manuscript Library, Murad Molla Collection, Nr: 1482 and Būlāḳ, 1294 /1877) and the Latin (Venice, 1492) versions of the related chapter was translated and compared to create an English text. Additionally, relevant literature was reviewed in detail. RESULTS The text on hydrocephalus in Haly Abbas's The Royal Book virtually resembles Paul of Aegina's work. For hydrocephalic cases where the fluid collects between skin and pericranium, and pericranium and bone, Haly Abbas had made little change in surgical intervention; for the third type, skin incision, he preferred a T-type incision instead of an H-type. Like Paul of Aegina, Haly Abbas also did not advise any surgical intervention for the cases of hydrocephalus, where fluid accumulation is between bone and the dura mater. CONCLUSIONS Haly Abbas's approach to hydrocephalus was as brave as that of his predecessors Antyllus, Oribasius, and Paulus, although the cases they dealt with were almost all cephalic hematomas. Although his chapter on the treatment of water accumulation in the head contains surgical interventions in extracranial hydrocephalic conditions, his account on hydrocephalus is extremely precise and gives adequate detail as in other chapters in his book.
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Wu XJ, Xing S, Trinkaus E. An enlarged parietal foramen in the late archaic Xujiayao 11 neurocranium from Northern China, and rare anomalies among Pleistocene Homo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59587. [PMID: 23527224 PMCID: PMC3601107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a neurocranial abnormality previously undescribed in Pleistocene human fossils, an enlarged parietal foramen (EPF) in the early Late Pleistocene Xujiayao 11 parietal bones from the Xujiayao (Houjiayao) site, northern China. Xujiayao 11 is a pair of partial posteromedial parietal bones from an adult. It exhibits thick cranial vault bones, arachnoid granulations, a deviated posterior sagittal suture, and a unilateral (right) parietal lacuna with a posteriorly-directed and enlarged endocranial vascular sulcus. Differential diagnosis indicates that the perforation is a congenital defect, an enlarged parietal foramen, commonly associated with cerebral venous and cranial vault anomalies. It was not lethal given the individual’s age-at-death, but it may have been associated with secondary neurological deficiencies. The fossil constitutes the oldest evidence in human evolution of this very rare condition (a single enlarged parietal foramen). In combination with developmental and degenerative abnormalities in other Pleistocene human remains, it suggests demographic and survival patterns among Pleistocene Homo that led to an elevated frequency of conditions unknown or rare among recent humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erik Trinkaus
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Curnoe D, Brink J. Evidence of pathological conditions in the Florisbad cranium. J Hum Evol 2010; 59:504-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Missori P, Paolini S, Curra A. From congenital to idiopathic adult hydrocephalus: a historical research. Brain 2010; 133:1836-49. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Holt BM, Formicola V. Hunters of the Ice Age: The biology of Upper Paleolithic people. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; Suppl 47:70-99. [PMID: 19003886 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Upper Paleolithic represents both the phase during which anatomically modern humans appeared and the climax of hunter-gatherer cultures. Demographic expansion into new areas that took place during this period and the diffusion of burial practices resulted in an unprecedented number of well-preserved human remains. This skeletal record, dovetailed with archeological, environmental, and chronological contexts, allows testing of hypotheses regarding biological processes at the population level. In this article, we review key studies about the biology of Upper Paleolithic populations based primarily on European samples, but integrating information from other areas of the Old World whenever possible. Data about cranial morphology, skeletal robusticity, stature, body proportions, health status, diet, physical activity, and genetics are evaluated in Late Pleistocene climatic and cultural contexts. Various lines of evidence delineate the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) as a critical phase in the biological and cultural evolution of Upper Paleolithic populations. The LGM, a long phase of climatic deterioration culminating around 20,000 BP, had a profound impact on the environment, lifestyle, and behavior of human groups. Some of these effects are recorded in aspects of skeletal biology of these populations. Groups living before and after the LGM, Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) and Late Upper Paleolithic (LUP), respectively, differ significantly in craniofacial dimensions, stature, robusticity, and body proportions. While paleopathological and stable isotope data suggest good health status throughout the Upper Paleolithic, some stress indicators point to a slight decline in quality of life in LUP populations. The intriguing and unexpected incidence of individuals affected by congenital disorders probably indicates selective burial practices for these abnormal individuals. While some of the changes observed can be explained through models of biocultural or environmental adaptation (e.g., decreased lower limb robusticity following decreased mobility; changes in body proportions along with climatic change), others are more difficult to explain. For instance, craniodental and upper limb robusticity show complex evolutionary patterns that do not always correspond to expectations. In addition, the marked decline in stature and the mosaic nature of change in body proportions still await clarifications. These issues, as well as systematic analysis of specific pathologies and possible relationships between genetic lineages, population movements and cultural complexes, should be among the goals of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M Holt
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Shang H, Trinkaus E. An ectocranial lesion on the middle Pleistocene human cranium from Hulu Cave, Nanjing, China. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 135:431-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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