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Thin HSIL of the Cervix: Detecting a Variant of High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions With a p16INK4a Antibody. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2018; 36:71-75. [PMID: 27513079 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The WHO defines thin high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) as a high-grade intraepithelial lesion of the cervix that is usually ≤9 cells thick. These lesions usually develop in early metaplastic squamous epithelium without anteceding low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The prevalence of thin HSIL is not well documented. We evaluated different characteristics of thin HSIL at time of treatment. We studied 25 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded conization specimens processed as step-serial sections. HSIL≤9 cells thick were classified as thin HSIL. HSIL≥10 cells thick were classified as classic HSIL. Immunohistochemical p16 staining was used to confirm lesions of thin HSIL. Overall, 19 (76%) specimens contained both thin HSIL and classic HSIL, 4 (16%) contained thin HSIL only, 1 (4%) contained classic-type HSIL only, and 1 (4%) contained thin HSIL and LSIL. Thin HSILs developed in both the columnar surface epithelium and deep cervical glandular epithelium. Most thin HSILs were 5 cells thick. All HSILs (thin and classic) were located inside the transformation zone and had a median horizontal extension of 8 mm (range, 0.3 to 21 mm). Our findings suggest that thin HSILs are frequent findings, that they coexist with classic HSIL, and preferably arise in the exposed parts of the transformation zone including the glandular crypts.
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus associated uterine cervical cancer is an important public health problem since it is classified as the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide with more than 500,000 recorded cases. This review is focused on where and why HPV infection induces cervical cancers and how this virus avoids the host immune response. Immunological therapeutic approaches are also addressed.
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The rationale for cytologic screening in the control of uterine cervical carcinoma. Curr Probl Cancer 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0147-0272(80)80008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Early physiologic squamous metaplasia of the cervix: light and electron microscopic observations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980; 137:661-71. [PMID: 7395930 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(15)33239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A light and electron microscopic study was undertaken of the early phases of cervical squamous metaplasia. A study of areas of columnar epithelium with one row of subcolumnar cells revealed a spectrum of squamous differentiation ranging from cytologically undifferentiation to more characteristically basal type squamous cells. With increasing differentiation, squamous characteristics, such as tonofibrils and desmosomes, became qualitatively and quantitatively more evident in the cells. Ultrastructural examination also revealed cells in the subepithelial stroma with prominent basal lamina and hemidesmosome-like structures along the periphery. From a light and electron microscopic viewpoint, the most likely origin for the subcolumnar progenitor cells appears to be the subepithelial stromal cells. The resemblance of these subepithelial stromal cells to the subcolumnar cells in very early stages of metaplasia is often striking.
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Abstract
It is postulated that squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and mixed adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix all have a common cell or origin, the subcolumnar reserve cell. The relative frequency with which the various types of carcinoma in situ are seen is in part explained by the ubiquitous nature of squamous metaplasia in the region of the transformation zone in women of reproductive age. It is suggested that squamous metaplasia is the soil on which most squamous carcinomas of the cervix evolve. The relatively low frequency with which adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma in situ are encountered may also be dependent on their less accessible location in the endocervix.
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The subclinical stages of carcinoma of the uterine cervix and possible precursor lesions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1979; 5:1021-6. [PMID: 511617 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(79)90612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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[Electron microscopical investigations on the so-called reserve cells in the cylindrical epithelium of the human cervix uteri (author's transl)]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1975; 218:295-311. [PMID: 1242629 DOI: 10.1007/bf00672331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
By electron microscopical investigations on the cylindrical epithelium of the human cervix uteri there can be shown that the regeneration of the endocervical epithelium takes place from bipotent reserve cells, which are of fetal origin, lying in the basal layer of the epithelium. These cells are able for mitosis even in postnatal life. The reserve cells differentiate if necessary to squamous cells or secretory cells by forming typical cell organelles. There is a discussion about the question whether the reserve cells are persisting elements from fetal life or whether the numeral balance of the endocervical epithelium is kept by permanent mitosis.
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[The so-called "reserve cells" of the human cervical (author's transl)]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1975; 218:205-17. [PMID: 1174307 DOI: 10.1007/bf00667381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
I. Basal cells occurring focally beneath the columnar epithelium of the endocervix are generally regarded as "reserve cells". Single "reserve cells" cannot be identified among the columnar epithelial cells. II. Single "reserve cells" would not be needed for the regeneration of the cervical mucosa, since the normal columnar, cells themselves are capable of undergoing mitotic division. During such mitoses the mitotic spindle is located above the regular row of nuclei, the axis of the spindle running parallel to the basement membrane and surface of the cell, so that the daughter cells separate in a horizontal direction. Consequently, the term "reserve cell" with its functional implication is misleading and should be replaced by a more descriptive term such as the "subcylindrical"cell. III. It seems that for development of focal groups of subcylindrical cells according to I the columnar cells must proliferate locally. That proliferation could occur with the axis of the mitotic spindle rotated 90 degrees to be perpendicular to the basement membrane. More likely, however, the columnar cells seem to undergo mitoses with their spindles parallel to the basement membrane and accumulate locally to form two layers. On further proliferation of the basal layer, with the mitotic spindles rotated 90 degrees to be perpendicular to the basement membrane and with desquamation of the overlying columnar cells, the than multilayered epithelium may differentiate by indirect metaplasia into squamous epithelium.
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The effect of chronic estrogenic stimulation on the Squirrel Monkey cervical epithelium. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY 1971; 7:147-56. [PMID: 4251506 DOI: 10.1007/bf02892086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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[The localisation of the pathological cervical epithelium. II. Ascending healing, squamous metaplasia and basal hyperplasia]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1971; 210:395-415. [PMID: 5171381 DOI: 10.1007/bf01628219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Relationship of carcinogenesis and epidermization during 20-methylcholanthrene treatment of the mouse uterine cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969; 103:1084-92. [PMID: 5774683 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(69)90511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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[The electron microscopy of epithelial cells of cervical glands and of so-called reserve cells]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1969; 207:480-504. [PMID: 5819017 DOI: 10.1007/bf00667215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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The process of cervical regeneration after electrocauterization. I. Histological and colposcopic study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1967; 7:125-35. [PMID: 5235524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1967.tb01619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Carcinoma in situ and basal cell hyperplasia of the cervix uteri. Ir J Med Sci 1965; 469:25-34. [PMID: 14281324 DOI: 10.1007/bf02945804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Further observations on involvement of clefts and tunnels in carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1964; 90:610-24. [PMID: 14230683 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)34987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Comparative study of carcinogenesis in squamous and columnar epithelium of mouse uterus by string method of producing cervical carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1964; 89:946-56. [PMID: 14208158 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(64)90065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The histogenesis of carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix.A preliminary report of the origin of carcinoma in situ in subcylindrical cell anaplasia. Cancer 1964; 17:213-29. [PMID: 14123682 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(196402)17:2<213::aid-cncr2820170211>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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The Relationship of the Squamocolumnar Junction and the Endocervical Glands to the Site of Origin of Carcinoma of the Cervix**Presented at the Eighty-second Annual Meeting of the American Gynecological Society, Hot Springs, Va. : May 21-23, 1959. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1959; 78:1060-73. [PMID: 13838221 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)36657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Long-range studies of the biologic behavior of the human uterine cervix. III. Squamous metaplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1958; 75:945-56. [PMID: 13520813 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(58)90809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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[Epithelial types in area of portio]. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1958; 190:215-27. [PMID: 13534370 DOI: 10.1007/bf00667335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Long-range studies of the biologic behavior of the human uterine cervix. II. Histology, cytology, and clinical course of cervical disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1957; 74:769-87; discussion 787-91. [PMID: 13458282 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(57)90055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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[Intracervical localization of non-invasive, atypical pavement epithelium (surface carcinoma, carcinoma in situ) and of initial carcinoma of pavement cells]. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1957; 188:376-90. [PMID: 13435752 DOI: 10.1007/bf00673038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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A Histopathological Study of“Carcinoma in Situ”, Especially of the Uterine Cervix†. Pathol Int 1955. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1955.tb01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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