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Quantitative estimation of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI parameters in rat brain gliomas using a dual surface coil system. Acad Radiol 2009; 16:341-50. [PMID: 19201363 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The study of vascular targeted cancer therapies is critically dependent on the development of noninvasive methods for assessing changes in vascular permeability and blood flow in small-animal tumor models. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicoil apparatus consisting of two receive-only surface coils for observation of the rat brain and chest, a whole-body transmit-only volume coil, and the switching circuitry necessary for sharing a single receiver channel between the two surface coils was constructed for the parallel observation of left ventricular arterial input function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity kinetics in the rat brain. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed on four Fischer rats bearing intracranial 9L gliomas, and the dynamic data were evaluated using the bolus-enhanced relaxation overview (BOLERO) model yielding maps of K(trans), v(e), and tau(i) values from the tumor. RESULTS The use of the multicoil apparatus resulted in images with high signal-to-noise ratios from the rat brain and chest in parallel, with no detectable crosstalk between the surface coils. The BOLERO method accurately fit the observed data to within experimental error. Mean values of the parameters generated by the BOLERO analysis for the tumor were K(trans) = 0.023 +/- 0.014 s(-1), tau(i) = 1.3 +/- 0.6 seconds, and v(e) = 0.51. K(trans) and tau(i) values were slightly elevated in the tumor periphery, whereas v(e) was elevated in the tumor core. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the feasibility of measuring quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters in a rat brain tumor model using a multicoil apparatus. These methods might play an important role in determining the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies in small-animal models.
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Liao CK, Huang SW, Wei CW, Li PC. Nanorod-based flow estimation using a high-frame-rate photoacoustic imaging system. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:064006. [PMID: 18163822 DOI: 10.1117/1.2812704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative flow measurement method that utilizes a sequence of photoacoustic images is described. The method is based on the use of gold nanorods as a contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging. The peak optical absorption wavelength of a gold nanorod depends on its aspect ratio, which can be altered by laser irradiation (we establish a wash-in flow estimation method of this process). The concentration of nanorods with a particular aspect ratio inside a region of interest is affected by both laser-induced shape changes and replenishment of nanorods at a rate determined by the flow velocity. In this study, the concentration is monitored using a custom-designed, high-frame-rate photoacoustic imaging system. This imaging system consists of fiber bundles for wide area laser irradiation, a laser ultrasonic transducer array, and an ultrasound front-end subsystem that allows acoustic data to be acquired simultaneously from 64 transducer elements. Currently, the frame rate of this system is limited by the pulse-repetition frequency of the laser (i.e., 15 Hz). With this system, experimental results from a chicken breast tissue show that flow velocities from 0.125 to 2 mms can be measured with an average error of 31.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Kang Liao
- National Taiwan University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Bentzen L, Vestergaard-Poulsen P, Nielsen T, Overgaard J, Bjørnerud A, Briley-Saebø K, Horsman MR, Ostergaard L. Intravascular contrast agent-enhanced MRI measuring contrast clearance and tumor blood volume and the effects of vascular modifiers in an experimental tumor. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 61:1208-15. [PMID: 15752903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Revised: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the feasibility of using the MRI blood pool agent NC100150 for evaluation of tumor blood volume (TBV) estimates by both dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and susceptibility contrast MRI assays in an experimental tumor. Contrast agent clearance (K(trans); depends on perfusion and permeability) from the DCE-MRI time curves was estimated, and changes in TBV and K(trans) were measured after administration of two drugs that reduce perfusion by different mechanisms. METHODS AND MATERIALS The DCE-MRI experiments were simulated with expected physiologic values for the C3H mouse mammary carcinoma. The C3H tumor was examined by DCE-MRI and susceptibility contrast MRI with NC100150 (NC100150 Injection, Clariscan; Amersham Health, Oslo, Norway) after treatment with either hydralazine or combretastatin (Oxigene, Boston, MA). RESULTS Simulations showed that reliable estimates of changes in TBV and K(trans) could be performed with DCE-MRI. Hydralazine was shown to reduce TBV as measured by both assays and to reduce K(trans). Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI also suggested that TBV and K(trans) were reduced in combretastatin-treated tumors, and the TBV reduction was confirmed by susceptibility contrast MRI. Data suggested the drug to affect mainly the total TBV, whereas microvessels as such seemed less altered. CONCLUSION The study supports the use of the combined DCE-MRI and susceptibility contrast MRI assay with a blood pool agent in characterizing tumors and their response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Bentzen
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Arhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, bld. 5, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Zhou R, Pickup S, Yankeelov TE, Springer CS, Glickson JD. Simultaneous measurement of arterial input function and tumor pharmacokinetics in mice by dynamic contrast enhanced imaging: effects of transcytolemmal water exchange. Magn Reson Med 2004; 52:248-57. [PMID: 15282806 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A noninvasive technique for simultaneous measurement of the arterial input function (AIF) for gadodiamide (Omniscan) and its uptake in tumor was demonstrated in mice. Implantation of a tumor at a suitable location enabled its visualization in a cardiac short axis image. Sets of gated, low-resolution saturation recovery images were acquired from each of five tumor-bearing mice following intravenous administration of a bolus of contrast agent (CA). The AIF was extracted from the signal intensity changes in left ventricular blood using literature values of the CA relaxivity and a precontrast T1 map. The time-dependent 1H2O relaxation rate constant (R1 = 1/T1) in the tumor was modeled using the BOLus Enhanced Relaxation Overview (BOLERO) method in two modes regarding the equilibrium transcytolemmal water exchange system: 1) constraining it exclusively to the fast exchange limit (FXL) (the conventional assumption), and 2) allowing its transient departure from FXL and access to the fast exchange regime (FXR), thus designated FXL/FXR. The FXL/FXR analysis yielded better fittings than the FXL-constrained analysis for data from the tumor rims, whereas the results based on the two modes were indistinguishable for data from the tumor cores. For the tumor rims, the values of Ktrans (the rate constant for CA transfer from the vasculature to the interstitium) and ve (volume fraction of the tissue extracellular and extravascular space) returned from FXL/FXR analysis are consistently greater than those from the FXL-constrained analysis by a factor of 1.5 or more corresponding to a CA dose of 0.05 mmole/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Zhang X, Zhu XH, Tian R, Zhang Y, Merkle H, Chen W. Measurement of arterial input function of 17O water tracer in rat carotid artery by using a region-defined (REDE) implanted vascular RF coil. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2003; 16:77-85. [PMID: 12845538 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-003-0013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2003] [Accepted: 05/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A method of determining arterial input function (AIF) by continuously detecting the (17)O MR signal changes of (17)O-labeled water tracer in the rat carotid artery using a region-defined (REDE) implanted vascular RF coil at 9.4 Tesla is reported. This coil has a compact physical size of 1 mm inner diameter, 3 mm outer diameter and 11 mm in length. It can be readily implanted into the rat neck and wrapped around the rat carotid artery for achieving adequate MR detection sensitivity for determining AIF with minimal surgical trauma. Water phantom and in vivo MR experiments were conducted for validating the coil's performance. A signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 20:1 was achieved for the (17)O signal acquired from naturally abundant H(2)(17)O in a small amount of blood (approximately 7 microl) inside the rat carotid artery with an acquisition time of 11 s. The REDE RF coil design electromagnetically isolates the rat carotid artery from surrounding tissues and ensures that the MR signal detected by the RF coil is only attributable to the artery blood. It also minimizes the electromagnetic coupling between the implanted RF coil and a head surface coil tuned at the same operating frequency (two-coil configuration). This configuration allowed simultaneous measurements of dynamic changes of (17)O MR signal of the H(2)(17)O tracer in both rat carotid artery and brain. Compared to most contemporary MR approaches, the REDE implanted RF provides a simple, accurate, and promising solution for determination of AIF in small experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, 2021 6th Street S.E., Department of Radiology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Poptani H, Bansal N, Graham RA, Mancuso A, Nelson DS, Glickson JD. Detecting early response to cyclophosphamide treatment of RIF-1 tumors using selective multiple quantum spectroscopy (SelMQC) and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2003; 16:102-111. [PMID: 12730951 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable, noninvasive method for early detection of tumor response to therapy that would facilitate optimization of treatment regimens to the needs of the individual patient. In the present study, the effects of cyclophosphamide (Cp, a widely used alkylating agent) were monitored in a murine radiation induced fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) using in vivo (1)H NMR spectroscopy and imaging to evaluate the potential of these techniques towards early detection of treatment response. Steady-state lactate levels and Gd-DTPA uptake kinetics were measured using selective multiple quantum coherence (Sel-MQC) transfer spectroscopy and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging, respectively in RIF-1 tumors before, 24 and 72 h after 300 mg/kg of Cp administration. High-resolution (1)H NMR spectra of perchloric acid extracts of the tumor were correlated with lactate and glucose concentrations determined enzymatically. In vivo NMR experiments showed a decrease in steady-state lactate to water ratios (5.4 +/- 1.6 to 0.6 +/- 0.5, p < 0.05) and an increase in Gd-DTPA uptake kinetics following treatment response. The data indicate that decreases in lactate result from decreased glycolytic metabolism and an increase in tumor perfusion/permeability. Perchloric acid extracts confirmed the lower lactate levels seen in vivo in treated tumors and also indicated a higher glycerophosphocholine/phosphocholine (GPC/PC) integrated intensity ratio (1.39 +/- 0.09 vs 0.97 +/- 0.04, p < 0.01), indicative of increased membrane degradation following Cp treatment. Steady-state lactate levels provide metabolic information that correlates with changes in tumor physiology measured by Gd-DTPA uptake kinetics with high spatial and temporal resolution. Both of these parameters may be useful for monitoring early tumor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Poptani
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Tailor DR, Poptani H, Glickson JD, Leigh JS, Reddy R. High-resolution assessment of blood flow in murine RIF-1 tumors by monitoring uptake of H(2)(17)O with proton T(1rho)-weighted imaging. Magn Reson Med 2003; 49:1-6. [PMID: 12509813 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Perfusion parameters, such as blood flow, are critical properties of tumors related to angiogenesis, drug delivery, radiosensitivity, bioenergetic status, and steady state levels of metabolites, such as lactate, that have been proposed as indices of tumor response to therapy. The existing MR methods for measuring tumor blood flow (TBF) have limitations related to sensitivity, spatial resolution, or dependence on other physiological properties such as vascular permeability. To address many of these difficulties, this study introduces the use of an (17)O-enriched tracer in conjunction with high-resolution, indirect MRI to measure TBF. To demonstrate the advantages of this technique, relative TBF was measured in subcutaneous RIF-1 tumors in C3H mice by monitoring the uptake of H(2) (17)O with a resolution of 0.16 x 0.31 x 3 mm in 13 sec. At this resolution, tumor heterogeneity with respect to blood flow is clearly visible. Measurement of the tracer arterial input function, which is necessary for determination of absolute blood flow, may be facilitated with improved temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmesh R Tailor
- Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Research and Computing Center (MMRRCC), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6100, USA.
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Bogin L, Margalit R, Ristau H, Mispelter J, Degani H. Parametric imaging of tumor perfusion with deuterium magnetic resonance imaging. Microvasc Res 2002; 64:104-15. [PMID: 12074636 DOI: 10.1006/mvre.2002.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of the vasculature and its functioning over the entire lesion may significantly aid in cancer diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and therapeutic evaluation. In the current study we present a dynamic three-dimensional deuterium magnetic resonance imaging method that determines the intravascular volume fraction and water perfusion rate at a resolution of 2 mm(2)/pixel. The method was tested and utilized to characterize the vasculature of orthotopic MCF7 human breast cancer tumors in CD1-NU athymic mice. A new algorithm based on Patlak's kinetic model was developed to analyze the dynamic images acquired during and after termination of infusion with deuterated water. The resulting parametric maps spanned a wide range from 0.4 to 35.2% for the intravascular volume fraction and from 4 x 10(-6) to 3.9 x 10(-3) min(-1) for the perfusion rate and exhibited high intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity at both parameters. The intravascular volume fraction did not correlate with the corresponding perfusion rate, demonstrating the irregular outgrowth of tumor neovascularization. Averaging the data or analyzing at spatially degraded resolution completely masked the presence of both "hot spots" and hypoxic loci, highlighting the critical importance of high spatial resolution. The method is applicable to other types of tumors and animal models and may be extended to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Bogin
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Kragh M, Quistorff B, Horsman MR, Kristjansen PEG. Acute effects of vascular modifying agents in solid tumors assessed by noninvasive laser Doppler flowmetry and near infrared spectroscopy. Neoplasia 2002; 4:263-7. [PMID: 11988846 PMCID: PMC1531700 DOI: 10.1038/sj.neo.7900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2001] [Accepted: 12/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The potential of noninvasive laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect acute effects of different vascular-modifying agents on perfusion and blood volume in tumors was evaluated. C3H mouse mammary carcinomas (approximately 200 mm(3)) in the rear foot of CDF1 mice were treated with flavone acetic acid (FAA, 150 mg/kg), 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA, 20 mg/kg), combretastatin A-4 disodium phosphate (CA4DP, 250 mg/kg), hydralazine (HDZ, 5 mg/kg), or nicotinamide (NTA, 500 mg/kg). Tumor perfusion before and after treatment was evaluated by noninvasive LDF, using a 41 degrees C heated custom-built LDF probe with four integrated laser/receiver units, and tumor blood volume was estimated by NIRS, using light guide coupled reflectance measurements at 800+/-10 nm. FAA, DMXAA, CA4DP, and HDZ significantly decreased tumor perfusion by 50%, 47%, 73%, and 78%, respectively. In addition, FAA, DMXAA, and HDZ significantly reduced the blood volume within the tumor, indicating that these compounds to some degree shunted blood from the tumor to adjacent tissue, HDZ being most potent. CA4DP caused no change in the tumor blood volume, indicating that the mechanism of action of CA4DP was vascular shut down with the blood pool trapped in the tumor. NTA caused no change in either tumor perfusion or tumor blood volume. We conclude that noninvasive LDF and NIRS can determine acute effects of vascular modifying agents on tumor perfusion and blood volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kragh
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 11 Frederik V Vej, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Beckmann N, Gentsch C, Baumann D, Bruttel K, Vassout A, Schoeffter P, Loetscher E, Bobadilla M, Perentes E, Rudin M. Current awareness. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2001; 14:217-222. [PMID: 11357188 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of NMR in biomedicine. Each bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1 Books, Reviews ' Symposia; 2 General; 3 Technology; 4 Brain and Nerves; 5 Neuropathology; 6 Cancer; 7 Cardiac, Vascular and Respiratory Systems; 8 Liver, Kidney and Other Organs; 9 Muscle and Orthopaedic. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Beckmann
- Core Technologies Area, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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