1
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Abdollahi MF, Zhao Y. Donor-Acceptor Fluorophores and Macrocycles Built Upon Wedge-Shaped π-Extended Phenanthroimidazoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3451-3465. [PMID: 36862080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A class of wedge-shaped organic π-fluorophores featuring a 6,9-diphenyl-substituted phenanthroimidazole (PI) core was designed, synthesized, and characterized. Among them, a π-extended PI derivative containing two electron-withdrawing aldehyde groups was found to exhibit versatile solid-state packing properties as well as strong solvatofluorochromism in different organic solvents. Another PI derivative that was functionalized with two electron-donating 1,4-dithiafulvenyl (DTF) end groups showed versatile redox reactivities and quenched fluorescence. Treatment of this wedge-shaped bis(DTF)-PI compound with iodine resulted in oxidative coupling reactions, leading to the formation of intriguing macrocyclic products that carry redox-active tetrathiafulvalene vinylogue (TTFV) moieties in their structures. Mixing the bis(DTF)-PI derivative with fullerene (C60 or C70) in an organic solvent resulted in substantial fluorescence enhancement (turn-on). In this process, fullerene acted as a photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen, which in turn induced oxidative C = C bond cleavages and converted nonfluorescent bis(DTF)-PI into highly fluorescent dialdehyde-substituted PI. Treatment of TTFV-PI macrocycles with a small amount of fullerene also led to a moderate degree of fluorescence enhancement, but this is not because of photosensitized oxidative cleavage reactions. Instead, competitive photoinduced electron transfer from TTFV to fullerene can be attributed to their fluorescence turn-on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam F Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, Core Science Facility, 45 Arctic Avenue, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, Core Science Facility, 45 Arctic Avenue, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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2
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Henke P, Rindom C, Kanta Aryal U, Frydenlund Jespersen M, Broløs L, Mansø M, Turkovic V, Madsen M, Mikkelsen KV, Ogilby PR, Brøndsted Nielsen M. Imparting Stability to Organic Photovoltaic Components through Molecular Engineering: Mitigating Reactions with Singlet Oxygen. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202202320. [PMID: 36897647 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One key challenge in the development of viable organic photovoltaic devices is to design component molecules that do not degrade during combined exposure to oxygen and light. Such molecules should thus remain comparatively unreactive towards singlet molecular oxygen and not act as photosensitizers for the generation of this undesirable species. Here, novel redox-active chromophores that combine these two properties are presented. By functionalizing indenofluorene-extended tetrathiafulvalenes (IF-TTFs) with cyano groups at the indenofluorene core using Pd-catalyzed cyanation reactions, we find that the reactivity of the exocyclic fulvene carbon-carbon double bonds towards singlet oxygen is considerably reduced. The new cyano-functionalized IF-TTFs were tested in non-fullerene acceptor based organic photovoltaic proof-of-principle devices, revealing enhanced device stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Henke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Rindom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Um Kanta Aryal
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | | | - Line Broløs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mads Mansø
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vida Turkovic
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Madsen
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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3
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Abdollahi MF, Zhao Y. Structural Tuning of Curved TTFAQ-AQ as a Redox-Active Supramolecular Partner for C 70 Fullerene. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14855-14865. [PMID: 34633192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of saddle-shaped donor-acceptor π-systems, termed TTFAQ-AQs, were designed and synthesized. The molecular structures of TTFAQ-AQs feature a π-fused framework containing an anthraquinodimethane extended tetrathiafulvalene (TTFAQ) as the donor and an anthraquinone (AQ) unit as the acceptor. As such, TTFAQ-AQs show enhanced intramolecular charge-transfer properties, which result in amphoteric redox behavior and narrow electronic energy band gaps. Detailed structural and electronic properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption, cyclic voltammetric, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analyses. The supramolecular interactions of TTFAQ-AQs with C60 and C70 fullerenes were examined in both the solution and solid phases. Our results showed that the benzoannulated TTFAQ-AQ derivative favors interaction with C70 fullerene through complementary concave-convex interactions. Detailed energetics involved in the TTFAQ-AQ/C70 interactions were assessed by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam F Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
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4
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Tiaouinine S, Flores Gonzalez J, Lefeuvre B, Guizouarn T, Cordier M, Dorcet V, Kaboub L, Cador O, Pointillart F. Spin Crossover and Field‐Induced Single‐Molecule Magnet Behaviour in Co(II) Complexes Based on Terpyridine with Tetrathiafulvalene Analogues. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siham Tiaouinine
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
- Laboratory of Organic Materials and Heterochemistry University of Tebessa Rue de Constantine 12002 Tébessa Algeria
| | - Jessica Flores Gonzalez
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Bertrand Lefeuvre
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Thierry Guizouarn
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Lakehmici Kaboub
- Laboratory of Organic Materials and Heterochemistry University of Tebessa Rue de Constantine 12002 Tébessa Algeria
- Laboratory of Chemistry Molecular Engineering and Nanostructures University of Ferhat Abbas-Sétif 1 19000 Sétif Algeria
| | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Fabrice Pointillart
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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5
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Chiral or Luminescent Lanthanide Single-Molecule Magnets Involving Bridging Redox Active Triad Ligand. INORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics9070050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions between the bis(1,10-phenantro[5,6-b])tetrathiafulvalene triad (L) and the metallo-precursors Yb(hfac)3(H2O)2 (hfac− = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonato anion) and Dy(facam)3 (facam− = 3-trifluoro-acetyl-(+)-camphorato anion) lead to the formation of two dinuclear complexes of formula [Yb2(hfac)6(L)]·2(C7H16) ((1)·2(C7H16)) and [Dy2((+)facam)6(L)]·2(C6H14) ((2)·2(C6H14)). The X-ray structures reveal that the L triad bridges two terminal Yb(hfac)3 or Dy(facam)3 units. (1)·2(C7H16) behaved as a near infrared YbIII centered emitter and a field-induced Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM) while (2)·2(C6H14) displayed SMM behavior in both zero- and in-dc field. The magnetization mainly relaxes through a Raman process for both complexes under an optimal applied magnetic field.
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6
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Yoshimura A, Misaki Y. Periphery Modification of Tetrathiafulvalenes: Recent Development and Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3520-3531. [PMID: 34086402 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its analogs are fascinating molecules in materials science based on their excellent electron-donating abilities. This personal account describes recent advances in the synthesis of TTF analogs for functional materials via the palladium-catalyzed modification of peripheries of TTF analogs. We first consider three types of molecules: fluorophore-TTF hybrid molecules, multi-redox systems, and an organic ligand for metal-organic frameworks. These molecules were successfully synthesized via Stille coupling or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H arylation and their structural, electrochemical, and optical properties were clarified. Subsequently, phosphorus-substituted TTF analogs were successfully synthesized for future applications of redox-active phosphine ligands for metal catalysts. The development of these molecules can significantly affect the advancement of chemical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering/ Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering/ Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.,Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
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7
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Synthesis, Structures, and Electrochemical Properties of Bis‐ and Tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)tetrathiafulvalenes Extended with an Anthraquinoid Spacer. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Redox Modulation of Field-Induced Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Single-Molecule Magnets of Dysprosium. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry6030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexes [Dy2(tta)6(H2SQ)] (Dy-H2SQ) and [Dy2(tta)6(Q)]·2CH2Cl2 (Dy-Q) (tta− = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) were obtained from the coordination reaction of the Dy(tta)3·2H2O units with the 2,2′-benzene-1,4-diylbis(6-hydroxy-4,7-di-tert-butyl-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylium-5-olate ligand (H2SQ) and its oxidized form 2,2′-cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidenebis(4,7-di-tert-butyl-1,3-benzodithiole-5,6-dione (Q). The chemical oxidation of H2SQ in Q induced an increase in the coordination number from 7 to 8 around the DyIII ions and by consequence a modulation of the field-induced Single-Molecule Magnet behavior. Computational results rationalized the magnetic properties of each of the dinuclear complexes.
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9
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Redox-Modulations of Photophysical and Single-molecule Magnet Properties in Ytterbium Complexes Involving Extended-TTF Triads. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030492. [PMID: 31979347 PMCID: PMC7038133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction between the 2,2’-benzene-1,4-diylbis(6-hydroxy-4,7-di-tert-butyl-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylium-5-olate triad (H2SQ) and the metallo-precursor [Yb(hfac)3]⋅2H2O led to the formation of a dinuclear coordination complex of formula [Yb2(hfac)6(H2SQ)]⋅0.5CH2Cl2 (H2SQ-Yb). After chemical oxidation of H2SQ in 2,2’-cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidenebis(4,7-di-tert-butyl-1,3-benzodithiole-5,6-dione (Q), the latter triad reacted with the [Yb(hfac)3]⋅2H2O precursor to give the dinuclear complex of formula [Yb2(hfac)6(Q)] (Q-Yb). Both dinuclear compounds have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, DFT optimized structure and electronic absorption spectra. They behaved as field-induced Single-Molecule Magnets (SMMs) nevertheless the chemical oxidation of the semiquinone to quinone moieties accelerated by a factor of five the relaxation time of the magnetization of Q-Yb compared to the one for H2SQ-Yb. The H2SQ triad efficiently sensitized the YbIII luminescence while the chemical oxidation of H2SQ into Q induced strong modification of the absorption properties and thus a quenching of the YbIII luminescence for Q-Yb. In other words, both magnetic modulation and luminescence quenching are reached by the oxidation of the protonated semiquinone into quinone.
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10
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Pointillart F, Flores Gonzalez J, Montigaud V, Tesi L, Cherkasov V, Le Guennic B, Cador O, Ouahab L, Sessoli R, Kuropatov V. Redox- and solvato-magnetic switching in a tetrathiafulvalene-based triad single-molecule magnet. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous redox and solvato-magnetic switching was achieved for a dinuclear dysprosium single-molecule magnet involving an extended tetrathiafulvalene fused semiquinone based triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Pointillart
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Jessica Flores Gonzalez
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Vincent Montigaud
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Lorenzo Tesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- I50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze)
- Italy
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Vladimir Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Lahcène Ouahab
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- I50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze)
- Italy
| | - Viacheslav Kuropatov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
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11
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Ogi D, Fujita Y, Kato M, Yamauchi T, Shirahata T, Yao M, Misaki Y. Tris-Fused Tetrathiafulvalenes Extended with an Anthraquinoid Spacer as New Positive Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ogi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; 3 Bunkyo-cho 790-8577 Matsuyama Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; 3 Bunkyo-cho 790-8577 Matsuyama Japan
| | - Minami Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; 3 Bunkyo-cho 790-8577 Matsuyama Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; 3 Bunkyo-cho 790-8577 Matsuyama Japan
| | - Takashi Shirahata
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; 3 Bunkyo-cho 790-8577 Matsuyama Japan
- Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, and Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; 3 Bunkyo-cho 790-8577 Matsuyama Japan
| | - Masaru Yao
- Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); 1-8-31 Midorigaoka 563-8577 Ikeda, Osaka Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; 3 Bunkyo-cho 790-8577 Matsuyama Japan
- Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, and Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; 3 Bunkyo-cho 790-8577 Matsuyama Japan
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12
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Kato M, Fujita Y, Yamauchi T, Mori S, Shirahata T, Misaki Y. Redox-Switchable Bis-fused Tetrathiafulvalene Analogue: Observation and Control of Two Different Reduction Processes from Dication to Neutral State. Org Lett 2018; 20:5121-5125. [PMID: 30129770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of a new bis-fused donor composed of TTF and extended TTF with an anthraquinoid spacer (TTFAQ) (2) were successfully synthesized. X-ray structure analysis of the tetrakis(methylthio) derivative 2Aa and its I3- salt revealed that the TTFAQ moieties of both 2Aa and 2Aa•+ adopt the so-called saddle conformation similar to most neutral TTFAQs. The results obtained from the X-ray structure analysis and cyclic voltammetry suggest that a positive charge in 2Aa•+ is unevenly distributed on the TTF moiety, while both positive charges of 22+ are mainly located on the TTFAQ moiety. In the first two-electron redox processes, an extra cathodic wave attributed to the coexistence of a different reduction process from the oxidation process was observed for most of the derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Ehime University , 3 Bunkyo-cho , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Ehime University , 3 Bunkyo-cho , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Ehime University , 3 Bunkyo-cho , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center , Ehime University , 2-5 Bunkyo-cho , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan.,Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Takashi Shirahata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Ehime University , 3 Bunkyo-cho , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan.,Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan.,Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Ehime University , 3 Bunkyo-cho , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan.,Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan.,Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials , Ehime University , Matsuyama , Ehime 790-8577 , Japan
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13
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Colomban C, Fuertes-Espinosa C, Goeb S, Sallé M, Costas M, Blancafort L, Ribas X. Self-Assembled Cofacial Zinc-Porphyrin Supramolecular Nanocapsules as Tuneable 1 O 2 Photosensitizers. Chemistry 2018; 24:4371-4381. [PMID: 29315876 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the benefits of using cofacial Zn-porphyrins as structural synthons in coordination-driven self-assembled prisms to produce cage-like singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) photosensitizers with tunable properties. In particular, we describe the photosensitizing and emission properties of palladium- and copper-based supramolecular capsules, and demonstrate that the nature of the bridging metal nodes in these discrete self-assembled prisms strongly influences 1 O2 generation at the Zn-porphyrin centers. The PdII -based prism is a particularly robust photosensitizer, whereas the CuII self-assembled prism is a dormant photosensitizer that could be switched to a ON state upon disassembly of the suprastructure. Furthermore, the well-defined cavity within the prisms allowed encapsulation of pyridine-based ligands and fullerene derivatives, which led to a remarkable guest tuning of the 1 O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Colomban
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles Fuertes-Espinosa
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sébastien Goeb
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Marc Sallé
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E17003, Catalonia, Spain
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14
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Nagasaki J, Hiroto S, Shinokubo H. π-Extended Dihydrophenazines with Three-State NIR Electrochromism Involving Large Conformational Changes. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2311-2317. [PMID: 28590054 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Nagasaki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
| | - Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan
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15
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Ogi D, Fujita Y, Mori S, Shirahata T, Misaki Y. Bis- and Tris-fused Tetrathiafulvalenes Extended with Anthracene-9,10-diylidene. Org Lett 2016; 18:5868-5871. [PMID: 27934508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bis- and tris-fused π-electron donors composed of extended tetrathiafulvalene with anthraquinoid spacers (4 and 5) were successfully synthesized. X-ray structure analysis of tetrakis(methylthio)-5 (5a) revealed that the molecule adopted a transoid-cisoid conformation. The cyclic voltammogram of 4a is composed of two pairs of two-electron redox waves, while the cyclic voltammogram of tetrakis(hexylthio) derivative 5b consists of one pair of four-electron redox waves and one pair of two-electron redox waves, respectively. Spectroelectrochemistry of 4a and 1H NMR spectrum of a 4b salt revealed that two positive charges in 42+ are distributed mainly on one TTFAQ (9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene) moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ogi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Ehime University , 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Ehime University , 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University , 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.,Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, Ehime University , Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirahata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Ehime University , 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.,Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, Ehime University , Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Ehime University , 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.,Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, Ehime University , Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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16
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Chalkov NO, Cherkasov VK, Abakumov GA, Starikov AG, Kuropatov VA. EPR spectroscopy study of di-o-quinone bridged by π-extended TTF: redox behavior and binding modes as a ligand. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02666k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reduction of an acceptor–donor–acceptor bis-chelating system: an EPR and UV-vis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay O. Chalkov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Vladimir K. Cherkasov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Gleb A. Abakumov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Andrey G. Starikov
- Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science 344006
- Rostov-on-Don
- Russia
| | - Viacheslav A. Kuropatov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
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17
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Zhao B, Chen X, Ma S, Zhu W. Synthesis of (thia)calixarene-based exTTF derivatives and their electron transfers towards p-chloranil and C60. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-5220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Giguère JB, Morin JF. Superextended Tetrathiafulvalene: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties, Fullerenes Complexation, and Photooxidation Study. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6767-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benoît Giguère
- Département de Chimie
and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de Chimie
and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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19
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Moreira L, Calbo J, Krick Calderon RM, Santos J, Illescas BM, Aragó J, Nierengarten JF, Guldi DM, Ortí E, Martín N. Unveiling the nature of supramolecular crown ether-C 60 interactions. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4426-4432. [PMID: 29142697 PMCID: PMC5665100 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00850f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of exTTF-(crown ether)2 receptors, designed to host C60, has been prepared. The size of the crown ether and the nature of the heteroatoms have been systematically changed to fine tune the association constants. Electrochemical measurements and transient absorption spectroscopy assisted in corroborating charge transfer in the ground state and in the excited state, leading to the formation of radical ion pairs featuring lifetimes in the range from 12 to 21 ps. To rationalize the nature of the exTTF-(crown ether)2·C60 stabilizing interactions, theoretical calculations have been carried out, suggesting a synergetic interplay of donor-acceptor, π-π, n-π and CH···π interactions, which is the basis for the affinity of our novel receptors towards C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Moreira
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain .
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , 46980 Paterna , Spain .
| | - Rafael M Krick Calderon
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - José Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain .
| | - Beatriz M Illescas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain .
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , 46980 Paterna , Spain .
| | - Jean-François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires , Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509) , 67087 Strasbourg , France .
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , Universidad de Valencia , 46980 Paterna , Spain .
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain .
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20
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Chalkov NO, Cherkasov VK, Abakumov GA, Romanenko GV, Ketkov SY, Smolyaninov IV, Starikov AG, Kuropatov VA. Compactly Fusedo-Quinone-Extended Tetrathiafulvalene-o-Quinone Triad - a Redox-Amphoteric Ligand. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Controlling the crystalline three-dimensional order in bulk materials by single-wall carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3763. [PMID: 24777055 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of ordered single-wall carbon nanotube soft-materials at the nanoscale is currently an important challenge in science. Here we use single-wall carbon nanotubes as a tool to gain control over the crystalline ordering of three-dimensional bulk materials composed of suitably functionalized molecular building blocks. We prepare p-type nanofibres from tripeptide and pentapeptide-containing small molecules, which are covalently connected to both carboxylic and electron-donating 9,10-di(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene termini. Adding small amounts of single-wall carbon nanotubes to the so-prepared p-nanofibres together with the externally controlled self assembly by charge screening by means of Ca(2+) results in new and stable single-wall carbon nanotube-based supramolecular gels featuring remarkably long-range internal order.
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22
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Spectroelectrochemistry: A valuable tool for the study of organometallic-alkyne, -vinylidene, -cumulene, -alkynyl and related complexes. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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García R, Herranz MÁ, Torres MR, Bouit PA, Delgado JL, Calbo J, Viruela PM, Ortí E, Martín N. Tuning the Electronic Properties of Nonplanar exTTF-Based Push–Pull Chromophores by Aryl Substitution. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10707-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302047m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl García
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Herranz
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rosario Torres
- Centro de Asistencia a la Investigación
de Rayos-X, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre-Antoine Bouit
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma,
Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma,
Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Pedro M. Viruela
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma,
Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Takano Y, Obuchi S, Mizorogi N, García R, Herranz MÁ, Rudolf M, Wolfrum S, Guldi DM, Martín N, Nagase S, Akasaka T. Stabilizing Ion and Radical Ion Pair States in a Paramagnetic Endohedral Metallofullerene/π-Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Conjugate. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16103-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3055386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takano
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba
Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shota Obuchi
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba
Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naomi Mizorogi
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba
Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Raúl García
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Herranz
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Wolfrum
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA−Nanoscience, Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental
Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba
Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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25
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Bouit PA, Marszalek M, Humphry-Baker R, Viruela R, Ortí E, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M, Delgado JL, Martín N. Donor-π-Acceptors Containing the 10-(1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene)anthracene Unit for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemistry 2012; 18:11621-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Hu L, Qin J, Zhu RM, Li YZ, Zuo JL, You XZ. Syntheses, Characterization, and Properties of Functionalized 9,10-Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene Derivatives and Tricarbonylrhenium(I) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Asthana D, Ajayakumar MR, Pant RP, Mukhopadhyay P. NTCDA–TTF first axial fusion: emergent panchromatic, NIR optical, multi-state redox and high optical contrast photooxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6475-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Santos J, Illescas BM, Martín N, Adrio J, Carretero JC, Viruela R, Ortí E, Spänig F, Guldi DM. A Fully Conjugated TTF-π-TCAQ System: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Properties. Chemistry 2011; 17:2957-64. [PMID: 21294199 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Grimm B, Isla H, Pérez EM, Martín N, Guldi DM. Balancing binding strength and charge transfer lifetime in supramolecular associates of fullerenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7449-51. [PMID: 21629942 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11693b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Grimm
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Grimm B, Santos J, Illescas BM, Muñoz A, Guldi DM, Martín N. A New exTTF-Crown Ether Platform To Associate Fullerenes: Cooperative n−π and π−π Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17387-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja108744a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Grimm
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Santos
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz M. Illescas
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Boixel J, Blart E, Pellegrin Y, Odobel F, Perin N, Chiorboli C, Fracasso S, Ravaglia M, Scandola F. Hole-Transfer Dyads and Triads Based on Perylene Monoimide, Quaterthiophene, and Extended Tetrathiafulvalene. Chemistry 2010; 16:9140-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Wenger S, Bouit PA, Chen Q, Teuscher J, Di Censo D, Humphry-Baker R, Moser JE, Delgado JL, Martín N, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M. Efficient electron transfer and sensitizer regeneration in stable pi-extended tetrathiafulvalene-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5164-9. [PMID: 20307069 DOI: 10.1021/ja909291h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of metal-free organic sensitizers is a key issue in dye-sensitized solar cell research. We report successful photovoltaic conversion with a new class of stable tetrathiafulvalene derivatives, showing surprising electrochemical and kinetic properties. With time-resolved spectroscopy we could observe highly efficient regeneration of the photo-oxidized tetrathiafulvalene sensitizers, which were attached to a mesoporous TiO(2) film, by a redox mediator in the pores (iodide/tri-iodide), even though the measured driving force for regeneration was only approximately 150 mV. This important proof-of-concept shows that sensitizers with a small driving force, i.e. the oxidation potential of the sensitizer is separated from the redox potenial of the mediator by as little as 150 mV, can operate functionally in dye-sensitized solar cells and eventually aid to reduce photovoltage losses due to poor energetic alignment of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Wenger
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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Huerta E, Isla H, Pérez EM, Bo C, Martín N, Mendoza JD. Tripodal exTTF-CTV Hosts for Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5351-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1006993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Huerta
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and IMDEA-nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Isla
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and IMDEA-nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M. Pérez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and IMDEA-nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and IMDEA-nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and IMDEA-nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier de Mendoza
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and IMDEA-nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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34
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Duan Z, Wei Z, Xu W, Zhu D. TTF and TCNQ analogues derived from a new benzo-fused thiopyranyl building block. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Pinzón JR, Cardona CM, Herranz MA, Plonska-Brzezinska ME, Palkar A, Athans AJ, Martín N, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Bottari G, Torres T, Gayathri SS, Guldi DM, Echegoyen L. Metal nitride cluster fullerene M3N@C80 (M=Y, Sc) based dyads: synthesis, and electrochemical, theoretical and photophysical studies. Chemistry 2009; 15:864-77. [PMID: 19053104 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The first pyrrolidine and cyclopropane derivatives of the trimetallic nitride templated (TNT) endohedral metallofullerenes I(h)-Sc(3)N@C(80) and I(h)-Y(3)N@C(80) connected to an electron-donor unit (i.e., tetrathiafulvalene, phthalocyanine or ferrocene) were successfully prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides and Bingel-Hirsch-type reactions. Electrochemical studies confirmed the formation of the [6,6] regioisomers for the Y(3)N@C(80)-based dyads and the [5,6] regioisomers in the case of Sc(3)N@C(80)-based dyads. Similar to other TNT endohedral metallofullerene systems previously synthesized, irreversible reductive behavior was observed for the [6,6]-Y(3)N@C(80)-based dyads, whereas the [5,6]-Sc(3)N@C(80)-based dyads exhibited reversible reductive electrochemistry. Density functional calculations were also carried out on these dyads confirming the importance of these structures as electron transfer model systems. Furthermore, photophysical investigations on a ferrocenyl-Sc(3)N@C(80)-fulleropyrrolidine dyad demonstrated the existence of a photoinduced electron-transfer process that yields a radical ion pair with a lifetime three times longer than that obtained for the analogous C(60) dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio R Pinzón
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Wielopolski M, Atienza C, Clark T, Guldi D, Martín N. p-Phenyleneethynylene Molecular Wires: Influence of Structure on Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Properties. Chemistry 2008; 14:6379-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Illescas BM, Santos J, Díaz MC, Martín N, Atienza CM, Guldi DM. Supramolecular Threaded Complexes from Fullerene–Crown Ether and π-Extended TTF Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Martín N, Sánchez L, Herranz MA, Illescas B, Guldi DM. Electronic communication in tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)/C60 systems: toward molecular solar energy conversion materials? Acc Chem Res 2007; 40:1015-24. [PMID: 17602676 DOI: 10.1021/ar700026t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The covalent connection of the electron acceptor C 60 to p-quinonoid pi-extended tetrathiafulvalenes (exTTFs) has allowed for the preparation of new photo- and electroactive conjugates able to act as artificial photosynthetic systems and active molecular materials in organic photovoltaics. The gain of aromaticity undergone by the pi-extended TTF unit in the oxidation process results in highly stabilized radical ion pairs, namely, C 60 (*-)/exTTF (*+). Lifetimes for such charge-separated states, ranging from a few nanoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, have been achieved by rationally modifying the nature of the chemical spacers. These long-lived radical pairs are called to play an important role for the conversion of sunlight into chemical or electrical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Christensen CA, Batsanov AS, Bryce MR. Extreme conformational constraints in pi-extended tetrathiafulvalenes: unusual topologies and redox behavior of doubly and triply bridged cyclophanes. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:10484-90. [PMID: 16895414 DOI: 10.1021/ja062358m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Doubly and triply bridged 9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene (ex-TTF) derivatives have been synthesized. Key steps are the generation and macrocyclization reactions of ex-TTF-dithiolate reagents. The X-ray crystal structures of the doubly bridged cyclophanes 15 and 16 and the triply bridged system 23 show that the saddle-like conformation of the ex-TTF framework is enhanced by the short bridges between the dithiole rings. Unlike all previous ex-TTF derivatives (which display a single quasi-reversible two-electron oxidation wave, D0 --> D2+), cyclic voltammetry of the cyclophanes reveals two reversible, one-electron oxidation steps (D0 --> D*+ --> D2+), with differences between the half-wave potentials (E2(1/2) - E1(1/2)) of 0.22-0.26 V. The conformational changes and gain in aromaticity which drive the second oxidation process in unrestricted ex-TTF systems (including singly bridged cyclophanes) have been prevented by multiple bridging. The radical cation species gives rise to a very broad, low-energy band (lambdamax = 2175 and 2040 nm for 15 and 21, respectively), assigned to an intramolecular interaction. The steric constraints imposed by multiple bridging have become so extreme that the pi-framework of 15, 16, 21, and 23 exhibits remarkable optical and redox behavior which is not characteristic of ex-TTF systems.
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Christensen CA, Batsanov AS, Bryce MR. Thiolated π-Extended Tetrathiafulvalenes: Versatile Multifunctional π-Systems. J Org Chem 2007; 72:1301-8. [PMID: 17249732 DOI: 10.1021/jo062199p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of 9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene (ex-TTF) have been synthesized by a new synthetic methodology, viz., direct phosphite-mediated cross-couplings of anthraquinone with 1,3-dithiole-2-thione derivatives. These ex-TTFs bear one, two, or four cyanoethyl-protected thiol groups on the dithiole rings. Deprotection (NaOMe, MeOH, DMF, 20 degrees C) and trapping of the transient thiolates with electrophiles have afforded the new ex-TTF trimer 19, dimeric cyclophanes 22 and 25, the tetrakis(hydroxyethylthio) derivative 23, and the strained cyclophane 24. Solution redox properties have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. For compounds 19, 22, and 25 each ex-TTF unit behaves as an independent 2-electron redox system giving rise to a single, quasi-reversible 6-, 4-, and 4-electron wave, respectively. The Eox value for 24 (0 --> 2+ wave) is positively shifted by 290 mV compared to that of its precursor 15 due to the short bridge in 24 obstructing the conformational change which accompanies oxidation. X-ray crystal structures of 23.2.5MeOH, 23.1.5MeCN, 24.CH2Cl2, and 24.1.5CH2Cl2 show the saddle-shape folding (typical of ex-TTF derivatives), which in 24 is enhanced by the pentamethylene chain bridging the dithiole units. Both solvates of 23 show an unprecedented crystal packing motif due to hydrogen bonding.
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Amriou S, Wang C, Batsanov AS, Bryce MR, Perepichka DF, Ortí E, Viruela R, Vidal-Gancedo J, Rovira C. The Interplay of Inverted Redox Potentials and Aromaticity in the Oxidized States of New π-Electron Donors: 9-(1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene)fluorene and 9-(1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene)thioxanthene Derivatives. Chemistry 2006; 12:3389-400. [PMID: 16453366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of 9-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)fluorene (9) and 9-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)thioxanthene (10) have been synthesised using Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions of (1,3-dithiol-2-yl)phosphonate reagents with fluorenone and thioxanthen-9-one. X-ray crystallography, solution electrochemistry, optical spectroscopy, spectroelectrochemistry and simultaneous electrochemistry and electron paramagnetic resonance (SEEPR), combined with theoretical calculations performed at the B3P86/6-31G** level, elucidate the interplay of the electronic and structural properties in these molecules. These compounds are strong two-electron donors, and the oxidation potentials depend on the electronic structure of the oxidised state. Two, single-electron oxidations (E(1)ox < E(1)ox) were observed for 9-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)fluorene systems (9). In contrast, derivatives of 9-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)thioxanthene (10) display the unusual phenomenon of inverted potentials (E(1)ox > E(1)ox) resulting in a single, two-electron oxidation process. The latter is due to the aromatic structure of the thioxanthenium cation (formed on the loss of a second electron), which stabilises the dication state (10(2+)) compared with the radical cation. This contrasts with the nonaromatic structure of the fluorenium cation of system 9. The two-electron oxidation wave in the thioxanthene derivatives is split into two separate one-electron waves in the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives 27-29 owing to destabilisation of the dication state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Amriou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Díaz MC, Illescas BM, Martín N, Perepichka IF, Bryce MR, Levillain E, Viruela R, Ortí E. Electronic Interactions in a New π-Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Dimer. Chemistry 2006; 12:2709-21. [PMID: 16429472 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first pi-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) dimer in which the two exTTF units are covalently connected by 1,3-dithiole rings has been obtained in a multistep synthetic procedure involving the Ullmann cross-coupling reaction by using copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC). The electronic spectrum reveals a significant electronic interaction between the exTTF units. The electrochemical study carried out by cyclic voltammetry in solution and in thin-layer conditions, and the electrochemical simulation and spectroelectrochemical (SEC) measurements confirm the electronic communication and show that the oxidation of dimer 14 occurs as two consecutive 2 e(-) processes D(0)-D(0)-->D(2+)-D(0)-->D(2+)-D(2+). Theoretical calculations, performed at the B3P86/6-31G* level, confirm the experimental findings and predict that 14(2+) exists as a delocalized D(.+)-D(.+) species in the gas phase and as a localized D(2+)-D(0) species in solution (CH(3)CN or CH(2)Cl(2)). Oxidation of 14(2+) forms the tetracation 14(4+) which is constituted by two aromatic anthracene units bearing four aromatic, almost orthogonal 1,3-dithiolium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Giacalone F, Segura JL, Martín N, Ramey J, Guldi DM. Probing Molecular Wires: Synthesis, Structural, and Electronic Study of Donor-Acceptor Assemblies Exhibiting Long-Range Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2005; 11:4819-34. [PMID: 15929139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of donor-acceptor arrays (C60-oligo-PPV-exTTF; 16-20) incorporating pi-conjugated oligo(phenylenevinylene) wires (oligo-PPV) of different length between pi-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) as electron donor and C60 as electron acceptor has been prepared by multistep convergent synthetic approaches. The electronic interactions between the three electroactive species present in 16-20 were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Our studies clearly show that, although the C60 units are connected to the exTTF donors through a pi-conjugated oligo-PPV framework, no significant electronic interactions are observed in the ground state. Interestingly, photoinduced electron-transfer processes over distances of up to 50 Angstroms afford highly stabilized radical ion pairs. The measured lifetimes for the photogenerated charge-separated states are in the range of hundreds of nanoseconds (approximately 500 ns) in benzonitrile, regardless of the oligomer length (i.e., from the monomer to the pentamer). A different lifetime (4.35 micros) is observed for the heptamer-containing array. This difference in lifetime has been accounted for by the loss of planarity of the oPPV moiety that increases with the wire length, as established by semi-empirical (PM3) theoretical calculations carried out with 19 and 20. The charge recombination dynamics reveal a very low attenuation factor (beta = 0.01 +/- 0.005 Angstroms(-1)). This beta value, as well as the strong electron coupling (V approximately 5.5 cm(-1)) between the donor and the acceptor units, clearly reveals a nanowire behavior for the pi-conjugated oligomer, which paves the way for applications in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giacalone
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Frère P, Skabara PJ. Salts of extended tetrathiafulvalene analogues: relationships between molecular structure, electrochemical properties and solid state organisation. Chem Soc Rev 2005; 34:69-98. [PMID: 15643491 DOI: 10.1039/b316392j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By considering the structures of many salts derived from extended TTF analogues, relationships between the molecular architecture of the donors with their electrochemical properties and their stacking mode in the salts are presented in this critical review. Three categories of donors corresponding to their extension modes have been considered. Firstly, for linearly extended TTFs the crucial role of the spacer in modifying the electrochemical properties and the packing mode in the salts is presented. Secondly, bidimentional extension of the donors obtained by linking several dithiafulvenyl units on a TTF core led to materials with increased dimensionality. Finally, the last class corresponds to the fusion, directly or across a benzene ring, of TTF frameworks. The former are the base of many salts with metallic behaviour. (148 references.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Frère
- Groupe Systemes Conjugues Lineaires, CIMMA, UMR-CNRS 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex France.
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Bendikov M, Wudl F, Perepichka DF. Tetrathiafulvalenes, Oligoacenenes, and Their Buckminsterfullerene Derivatives: The Brick and Mortar of Organic Electronics. Chem Rev 2004; 104:4891-946. [PMID: 15535637 DOI: 10.1021/cr030666m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1269] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bendikov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Exotic Materials Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Díaz MC, Illescas BM, Seoane C, Martín N. Synthesis and Electron-Donor Ability of the First Conjugated π-Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Dimers†. J Org Chem 2004; 69:4492-9. [PMID: 15202907 DOI: 10.1021/jo049741z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel conjugated homo (16a,b) and heterodimers (20) of pi-extended tetrathiafulvalenes with p-quinodimethane structures (exTTFs) linked by a conjugative vinyl spacer have been prepared by olefination Wittig-Horner reaction from the corresponding quinones (14, 19) and phosphonates (15a,b). The redox properties, determined by cyclic voltammetry, reveal a strong donor character and the presence of only one four-electron oxidation wave to form the tetracation species at oxidation potential values quite similar to those found for the related monomers. Theoretical calculations (PM3) show a planar central stilbene moiety and highly distorted exTTF units. The electronic spectra support as well as the electrochemical data and theoretical calculation the lack of significant communication between the exTTF units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Herranz MA, Yu L, Martín N, Echegoyen L. Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Self-Assembled Monolayers of Novel Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and π-Extended TTF (exTTF) Disulfides. J Org Chem 2003; 68:8379-85. [PMID: 14575461 DOI: 10.1021/jo034894s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new series of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and pi-extended TTF (exTTF) disulfides and the electrochemical properties of self-assembled monolayers derived from these compounds are described. When the intermediate bromides 3 and 7 were reacted with thiourea, followed by basic hydrolysis, the expected thiol formation was not observed and only disulfides were obtained. A mechanism is proposed to explain the self-oxidation process of these compounds. For the first time SAMs of exTTF derivatives were prepared. Electrochemical data for SAMs of 6 and 8 reveal a single two-electron chemically reversible oxidation process to form a dicationic state, typical of the exTTF system. The SAMs are stable over extended periods of time and show electrochemical stability upon repeated potential scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angeles Herranz
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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González S, Martín N, Guldi DM. Synthesis and properties of Bingel-type methanofullerene-pi-extended-TTF diads and triads. J Org Chem 2003; 68:779-91. [PMID: 12558399 DOI: 10.1021/jo020412l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel C(60)/pi-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) diads (12a-c) and triads [D(2)A (14a-c) and DA(2) (25, 27a-c)] have been synthesized by the Bingel cyclopropanation reaction of the respective exTTF-containing malonates and [60]fullerene. The reaction of exTTF-bismalonates with C(60) affords the respective C(60)-exTTF diads (26a-c) together with the triad C(60)-exTTF-C(60) (25, 27a-c) and a regioisomeric mixture of bisadducts (28b-c). Theoretical calculations (PM3) predict the favored geometry for triads 14a-c depending upon the orientation (up and down) of the 1,3-dithiole rings in the exTTFs, as well as the more stable regioisomers for the bisadducts 28. Cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal that C(60) and exTTF units do not intereact in the ground state. Compounds 26a-c and 27a-c are not electrochemically stable. A photoinduced electron transfer leading to the formation of the radical pair (C(60)(-)-exTTF(*+)) has been observed for compounds 14a-c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana González
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Leriche P, Raimundo JM, Turbiez M, Monroche V, Allain M, Sauvage FX, Roncali J, Frère P, Skabara PJ. Linearly extended tetrathiafulvalene analogues with fused thiophene units as π-conjugated spacers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b301149f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Perepichka DF, Bryce MR, Perepichka IF, Lyubchik SB, Christensen CA, Godbert N, Batsanov AS, Levillain E, McInnes EJL, Zhao JP. A (pi-extended tetrathiafulvalene)-fluorene conjugate. Unusual electrochemistry and charge transfer properties: the first observation of a covalent D(2+)-sigma-A(.-) redox state(1). J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14227-38. [PMID: 12440922 DOI: 10.1021/ja012518o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel electrochemically amphoteric TTFAQ-sigma-A compounds (TTFAQ = 9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene, sigma = saturated spacer, A = polynitrofluorene acceptor) is reported. Their solution redox behavior is characterized by three single-electron reduction and one two-electron oxidation waves. Electrochemical quasireversibility of the TTFAQ(2+) state and a low E(ox) - E(red) gap ( approximately 0.25 V) for 3-(9-dicyanomethylene-4,5,7-trinitrofluorene-2-sulfonyl)-propionic acid 2-[10-(4,5-dimethyl-[1,3]dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-ylidene]-5-methyl-[1,3]dithiol-4-ylmethyl ester (10) has enabled the electrochemical generation of the hitherto unknown transient D(2+)-sigma-A(.-) state as observed in cyclic voltammetry and time-resolved spectroelectrochemistry. The ground state of compound 10 was shown to be ionic in the solid but is essentially neutral in solution (according to electron paramagnetic resonance). The X-ray structure of an intermolecular 1:2 complex between 2-[2,7-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-9,10-bis(4,5-dimethyl-[1,3]dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene and 2,5,7-trinitro-4-bromo-9-dicyanomethylenefluorene, 14.(17)(2), reveals, for the first time, full electron transfer in a fluorene charge-transfer complex.
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