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Walia V, Kumar R, Mitra A. Lipopolysaccharide and Concanavalin A Differentially Induce the Expression of Immune Response Genes in Caprine Monocyte Derived Macrophages. Anim Biotechnol 2015; 26:298-303. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2015.1013112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishakh Walia
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Animal Genetics Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Animal Genetics Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Animal Genetics Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Leclercq C, Prunier A, Thomas F, Merlot E. Neonatal surgical castration of male pigs reduces thymic growth but has moderate consequences on thymocytes. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2415-21. [PMID: 24668957 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus integrates numerous signals from the neuroendocrine-immune system, including sex steroids, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines. Neonatal surgical castration, commonly practiced in pig husbandry, modifies thymic hormonal environment, for example, sex steroids and probably glucocorticoids and catecholamines, which are important modulators of thymic function. This study aimed at investigating, in pubescent male pigs, the consequences of neonatal suppression of testicular hormones on thymic T cell differentiation and hormonal control of thymocyte proliferation. A total of 34 male pigs were allocated to 2 experimental groups: control (CT) intact males and males surgically castrated (SC) at 5 or 6 d of age. At slaughter, thymus was weighed and thymic samples were collected to determine fat content and distribution of thymocyte subsets by identification of CD1, CD4, CD8, and γδ T cell receptor (TCR) cell surface markers and to measure thymocyte proliferation in presence of cortisol, norepinephrine, and sex steroids. Results showed that absolute and relative thymus weights were greater (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) whereas thymic fat content was less (P < 0.01) in CT than in SC pigs. Surgical castration did not change the frequency of CD1+ immature thymocytes. The proportion of γδ T cells tended to be greater in CT than in SC pigs (P < 0.1) but the proportions of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ thymocytes were similar in both groups (P > 0.1) indicating that the Tαβ lineage was not influenced by early castration. Proliferation of thymocytes in response to concanavalin A (ConA) was greater in SC than in CT pigs (P < 0.05). Cortisol and norepinephrine decreased the ConA-induced proliferation in CT and SC pigs (P < 0.05). In addition, proliferation of thymocytes was less inhibited by norepinephrine in SC than in CT males (P < 0.05). The greatest concentration of testosterone (25 ng/mL) increased (SC males, P < 0.05) or tended to increase (CT males, P < 0.1) the proliferative responsiveness to ConA but the lowest dose (2.5 ng/mL) and the greatest dose of testosterone combined with estradiol had no significant effect (P > 0.1). Overall, our data show little effect of neonatal castration on thymocyte differentiation as well as of sex hormones on thymocyte proliferation. However, thymic cells seem to be more sensitive to the inhibitory influence of norepinephrine in CT than in CS pigs. The significance of such difference for animal health remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leclercq
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - A Prunier
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - F Thomas
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - E Merlot
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Expression sequence tag library derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the chlorocebus sabaeus. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:279. [PMID: 22726727 PMCID: PMC3539953 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Green Monkeys (AGM) are amongst the most frequently used nonhuman primate models in clinical and biomedical research, nevertheless only few genomic resources exist for this species. Such information would be essential for the development of dedicated new generation technologies in fundamental and pre-clinical research using this model, and would deliver new insights into primate evolution. RESULTS We have exhaustively sequenced an Expression Sequence Tag (EST) library made from a pool of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from sixteen Chlorocebus sabaeus monkeys. Twelve of them were infected with the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. The mononuclear cells were or not stimulated in vitro with Concanavalin A, with lipopolysacharrides, or through mixed lymphocyte reaction in order to generate a representative and broad library of expressed sequences in immune cells. We report here 37,787 sequences, which were assembled into 14,410 contigs representing an estimated 12% of the C. sabaeus transcriptome. Using data from primate genome databases, 9,029 assembled sequences from C. sabaeus could be annotated. Sequences have been systematically aligned with ten cDNA references of primate species including Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, and Macaca mulatta to identify ortholog transcripts. For 506 transcripts, sequences were quasi-complete. In addition, 6,576 transcript fragments are potentially specific to the C. sabaeus or corresponding to not yet described primate genes. CONCLUSIONS The EST library we provide here will prove useful in gene annotation efforts for future sequencing of the African Green Monkey genomes. Furthermore, this library, which particularly well represents immunological and hematological gene expression, will be an important resource for the comparative analysis of gene expression in clinically relevant nonhuman primate and human research.
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Nithikulworawong N, Yakupitiyage A, Rakshit S, Srisapoome P. Molecular characterization and increased expression of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), T-cell receptor beta chain in response to Streptococcus agalactiae infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2012; 35:343-358. [PMID: 22417380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The complete cDNA sequence of the Nile tilapia T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain was cloned using 5' RACE. The full-length, 1263-bp cDNA contained a 942-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 314-amino-acid protein. Sequence analyses revealed that the Nile tilapia TCR β chain contains four conserved cysteine residues involved in the formation of disulphide bridges and a conserved amino acid motif believed to be important for assembly and signalling of the TCR αβ/CD3 complex, both of which are normally found in the TCR β chain of other vertebrates. As detected using semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR, the highest expression level of TCR β was detected in the thymus. Interestingly, Streptococcus agalactiae significantly induced the up-regulation of the TCR β chain, and the strongest up-regulation was detected in the brain and peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs). In in vitro experiments, concanavalin A and Aeromonas hydrophila were found to significantly increase the expression of the TCR β chain in PBLs after 48 h (P < 0.01) and 72 h (P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis showed that intraperitoneal injection (IP) of 10(7) cfu mL(-1) of S. agalactiae could induce TCR β expression that was greater than the expression observed following administration of 10(9) cfu mL(-1). The presence of the TCR β chain in fish detected in this study suggests the presence of T-cell populations that have been found in higher vertebrates, which may play a crucial functional role in the response to fish pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nithikulworawong
- Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management Field of Study, School of Environment, Resource and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Bagchi AK, Sinha AK, Adhikari R, Mukherjee J. Adaptive immune responses during Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection: an in vitro stimulation with 57 kDa major antigenic OMP in the presence of anti-CD3 antibody. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 338:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Darawiroj D, Kondo H, Hirono I, Aoki T. Immune-related gene expression profiling of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) kidney cells stimulated with ConA and LPS using microarray analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 24:260-266. [PMID: 18083599 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the immune system of a commercially important fish (yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata), we constructed a cDNA microarray containing 1001 selected genes from yellowtail EST and used this to investigate gene expression of primary cultured kidney cells stimulated with ConA and LPS. The total number of up-regulated genes stimulated by LPS was apparently greater than that of ConA stimulation, whereas down-regulated genes were markedly found in ConA-stimulated group. Of the genes that were up-regulated at 3, 6, and 12h after LPS treatment, 12%, 13% and 12%, respectively, were immune-related. Immune-related genes were sorted into 4 groups based on their differential expression patterns against LPS induction. LPS induced the expression of genes related to inflammation, cytokine activity, antigen presentation and antigen binding such as, IL-1beta, CC chemokine with stalk CK2, MHC class II beta chain and immunoglobulin heavy chain. Amplified fragments of RT-PCR products of IgM, IL-1beta, nephrosin, and beta-actin had signal intensities that were comparable to those obtained with the microarray. Overall, these results show that microarrays are a promising tool for uncovering immune mechanism in teleost fish. cDNA sequences of genes were deposited in the GenBank database at DDBJ with accession numbers BB 996897-BB 997897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damri Darawiroj
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Leposavić G, Pesić V, Kosec D, Radojević K, Arsenović-Ranin N, Pilipović I, Perisić M, Plećas-Solarović B. Age-associated changes in CD90 expression on thymocytes and in TCR-dependent stages of thymocyte maturation in male rats. Exp Gerontol 2006; 41:574-89. [PMID: 16632291 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Revised: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the effects of ageing on T-cell-maturation, in 3- and 18-month-old rats, we analysed the expression of: (i) CD4/CD8/TCRalphabeta and (ii) Thy-1, which is supposed to be a regulator of TCRalphabeta signalling, and thereby the thymocyte selection thresholds. Since an essential role for TCRalphabeta signalling in the development of CD4+25+T(reg)-cells was suggested, the frequency of these cells was also quantified. We demonstrated that, as for mice, early thymocyte differentiational steps within the CD4-8- double negative (DN) developmental stage are age-sensitive. Furthermore, we revealed that TCRalphabeta-dependent stages of T-cell development are affected by ageing, most likely due to an impaired expression of Thy-1 on TCRalphabeta(low) thymocytes entering selection processes. The diminished frequency of the post-selection CD4+8+ double positive (DP) cells in aged rats, together with an overrepresentation of mature single positive (SP) cells, most probably suggests more efficient differentiational transition from the DP TCRalphabeta(high) to the SP TCRalphabeta(high) developmental stage, which is followed by an increase in pre-migration proliferation of the mature SP cells. Moreover, the study indicated impaired intrathymic generation of CD4+25+T(reg)-cells in aged rats, thus providing a possible explanation for the increased frequency of autoimmune diseases in ageing.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/physiology
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/genetics
- CD4 Antigens/physiology
- CD8 Antigens/genetics
- CD8 Antigens/physiology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/physiology
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/physiology
- Male
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Thy-1 Antigens/genetics
- Thy-1 Antigens/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Leposavić
- Institute of Immunology and Virology Torlak, Immunology Research Center Branislav Janković, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Pongracz J, Parnell S, Anderson G, Jaffrézou JP, Jenkinson E. Con A activates an Akt/PKB dependent survival mechanism to modulate TCR induced cell death in double positive thymocytes. Mol Immunol 2003; 39:1013-23. [PMID: 12749908 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(03)00044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
While low avidity ligation of the T cell receptor (TCR) leads to positive selection and further maturation of developing thymocytes providing the immune system with mature CD4(+) and CD8(+) (single positive) T cells, high avidity ligation triggers negative selection by apoptotic cell death and therefore the TCR repertoire is purged of autoreactive T cells. On peripheral T cells, however, high avidity ligation of the TCR triggers activation and survival not death. In the present study we used concanavalin A (Con A) and alpha-CD3 epsilon antibody to investigate a possible survival mechanism in connection with TCR ligation. Con A and alpha-CD3 epsilon were used in the study for the following reasons: (1) they both mimic the effects of high avidity TCR ligation by activating peripheral T cells, and (2) they trigger distinctively different physiological changes in developing thymocytes. While Con A supports events associated with cellular survival, alpha-CD3 epsilon induces apoptotic cell death. In our experimental system the TCR was cross-linked by Con A and alpha-CD3 epsilon in thymocytes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) deficient thymus organ cultures, where signals from the TCR can be triggered on zero background signal level. We have found that TCR cross-linking by Con A and not by alpha-CD3 epsilon decreases the gene and protein expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule, Bad; and that Con A is capable of the activation of the survival signalling pathway including protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) independently of phosphatidyl inositol kinase (PI3K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Pongracz
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
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Hoyne GF, Dallman MJ, Lamb JR. T-cell regulation of peripheral tolerance and immunity: the potential role for Notch signalling. Immunology 2000; 100:281-8. [PMID: 10929049 PMCID: PMC2327013 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of antigen by T cells in the periphery may lead either to the generation of productive immunity or the induction of tolerance. These two functional outcomes are a consequence of distinct pathways of T-cell differentiation. T cells are selected to become regulatory cells and their function is to maintain homeostasis with the immune system. In this review we discuss the cell-fate decisions that T cells might make allowing them to promote immunity or induce tolerance in the context of the role that Notch signalling may play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Hoyne
- Immunobiology Group, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research and the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK
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