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Deswal S, Meyer A, Fiala GJ, Eisenhardt AE, Schmitt LC, Salek M, Brummer T, Acuto O, Schamel WWA. Kidins220/ARMS Associates with B-Raf and the TCR, Promoting Sustained Erk Signaling in T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:1927-35. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ladbury JE, Arold ST. Energetics of Src homology domain interactions in receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling. Methods Enzymol 2011; 488:147-83. [PMID: 21195228 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381268-1.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) on extracellular stimulation is fundamental to all cellular processes. The protein-protein interactions which form the basis of this signaling are mediated through a limited number of polypeptide domains. For signal transduction without corruption, based on a model where signaling pathways are considered as linear bimolecular relays, these interactions have to be highly specific. This is particularly the case when one considers that any cell may have copies of similar binding domains found in numerous proteins. In this work, an overview of the thermodynamics of binding of two of the most common of these domains (SH2 and SH3 domains) is given. This, coupled with insight from high-resolution structural detail, provides a comprehensive survey of how recognition of cognate binding sites for these domains occurs. Based on the data presented, we conclude that specificity offered by these interactions of SH2 and SH3 domains is limited and not sufficient to enforce mutual exclusivity in RTK-mediated signaling. This may explain the current lack of success in pharmaceutical intervention to inhibit the interactions of these domains when they are responsible for aberrant signaling and the resulting disease states such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Ladbury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Finetti F, Savino MT, Baldari CT. Positive and negative regulation of antigen receptor signaling by the Shc family of protein adapters. Immunol Rev 2010; 232:115-34. [PMID: 19909360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Shc adapter family includes four members that are expressed as multiple isoforms and participate in signaling by a variety of cell-surface receptors. The biological relevance of Shc proteins as well as their variegated function, which relies on their highly conserved modular structure, is underscored by the distinct and dramatic phenotypic alterations resulting from deletion of individual Shc isoforms both in the mouse and in two model organisms, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. The p52 isoform of ShcA couples antigen and cytokine receptors to Ras activation in both lymphoid and myeloid cells. However, the recognition of the spectrum of activities of p52ShcA in the immune system has been steadily expanding in recent years to other fundamental processes both at the cell and organism levels. Two other Shc family members, p66ShcA and p52ShcC/Rai, have been identified recently in T and B lymphocytes, where they antagonize survival and attenuate antigen receptor signaling. These developments reveal an unexpected and complex interplay of multiple Shc proteins in lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Finetti
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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T-cell receptor early signalling complex activation in response to interferon-alpha receptor stimulation. Biochem J 2010; 428:429-37. [PMID: 20388118 PMCID: PMC2888567 DOI: 10.1042/bj20091660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Signalling through the IFNalphaR (interferon-alpha receptor) and TCR (T-cell receptor) in Jurkat T lymphocytes results in distinct immune responses. Despite this both receptors elicit ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation. Vav and Slp76 are shown to be required for IFNalpha (interferon-alpha)-stimulated ERK activity. These form a subset of proteins which behave identically on stimulation of both receptors. TCR deletion abrogates IFNalphaR-stimulated MAPK activity, whereas the canonical JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway is unaffected. Thus recruitment of the intact TCR ESC (early signalling complex) is necessary for this downstream MAPK response. Despite using a common ESC, stimulation of the IFNalphaR does not produce the transcriptional response associated with TCR. Up-regulation of the MAPK pathway by IFNalphaR might be important to ensure that the cell responds to only one stimulant.
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Yang W, Steen H, Freeman MR. Proteomic approaches to the analysis of multiprotein signaling complexes. Proteomics 2008; 8:832-51. [PMID: 18297654 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction is one of the most active fields in modern biomedical research. Increasing evidence has shown that signaling proteins associate with each other in characteristic ways to form large signaling complexes. These diverse structures operate to boost signaling efficiency, ensure specificity and increase sensitivity of the biochemical circuitry. Traditional methods of protein analysis are inadequate to fully characterize and understand these structures, which are intricate, contain many components and are highly dynamic. Instead, proteomics technologies are currently being applied to investigate the nature and composition of multimeric signaling complexes. This review presents commonly used and potential proteomic methods of analyzing diverse protein complexes along with a discussion and a brief evaluation of alternative approaches. Challenges associated with proteomic analysis of signaling complexes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- The Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ahmed Z, Beeton CA, Williams MA, Clements D, Baldari CT, Ladbury JE. Distinct spatial and temporal distribution of ZAP70 and Lck following stimulation of interferon and T-cell receptors. J Mol Biol 2005; 353:1001-10. [PMID: 16219325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation results in the recruitment and activation of the proteins ZAP70 and Lck. These two proteins have been implicated in signalling derived from interferon receptors, although their precise role in this independent pathway has not been determined fully. These observations raise a fundamental question of how a given protein in a cell can be involved in more than one signalling pathway, yet each pathway is able to produce a highly specific downstream response to its own stimulant. To maintain exclusivity of response, each pathway must isolate its component molecules chemically, spatially or dynamically from other prevailing pathways. To address this question, the proteins ZAP70 and Lck were investigated following stimulation of the interferon-alpha receptor and the TCR in T cells by two different extracellular stimulants: interferon-alpha and the anti-CD3 antibody, OKT3, respectively. We first demonstrate that ZAP70 plays a pivotal role in interferon-stimulated MAPK activation, and that the tyrosine residue at position 319 of ZAP70 is important for interferon-stimulated ERK activation. Translocation of both ZAP70 and Lck to the nucleus following interferon receptor stimulation is demonstrated for the first time. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy revealed a high degree of spatial localization of the ZAP70/Lck complex within the cell following IFNalpha stimulation, in contrast to a diffuse presence following the application of OKT3. The difference in the spatio-temporal localization of these proteins following stimulation may eliminate signal crosstalk, and could explain the differentiation of the specific downstream responses of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamal Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Hlavacek WS, Faeder JR, Blinov ML, Perelson AS, Goldstein B. The complexity of complexes in signal transduction. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 84:783-94. [PMID: 14708119 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many activities of cells are controlled by cell-surface receptors, which in response to ligands, trigger intracellular signaling reactions that elicit cellular responses. A hallmark of these signaling reactions is the reversible nucleation of multicomponent complexes, which typically begin to assemble when ligand-receptor binding allows an enzyme, often a kinase, to create docking sites for signaling molecules through chemical modifications, such as tyrosine phosphorylation. One function of such docking sites is the co-localization of enzymes with their substrates, which can enhance both enzyme activity and specificity. The directed assembly of complexes can also influence the sensitivity of cellular responses to ligand-receptor binding kinetics and determine whether a cellular response is up- or downregulated in response to a ligand stimulus. The full functional implications of ligand-stimulated complex formation are difficult to discern intuitively. Complex formation is governed by conditional interactions among multivalent signaling molecules and influenced by quantitative properties of both the components in a system and the system itself. Even a simple list of the complexes that can potentially form in response to a ligand stimulus is problematic because of the number of ways signaling molecules can be modified and combined. Here, we review the role of multicomponent complexes in signal transduction and advocate the use of mathematical models that incorporate detail at the level of molecular domains to study this important aspect of cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Hlavacek
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group (T-10), Theoretical Division, Mail Stop K710, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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O'Rourke L, Ladbury JE. Specificity is complex and time consuming: mutual exclusivity in tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling. Acc Chem Res 2003; 36:410-6. [PMID: 12809527 DOI: 10.1021/ar020167s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most fundamental cellular processes are transduced through tyrosine kinase (TK)-mediated pathways. For transduction without corruption, the protein-protein interactions involved have to be mutually exclusive. Many of these proteins bind via homologous domains whose binding characteristics suggest that their innate specificity is not sufficiently high to account for the integrity of signal transduction. Stimulation of TK-mediated signals is often accompanied by recruitment of a precise, multimolecular protein complex that is itself capable of imposing specificity. Furthermore, this complex provides protection against phosphatase activity, controlling the longevity of the active signaling complex, and thus influencing outcomes in subsequent downstream events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa O'Rourke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Bini L, Pacini S, Liberatori S, Valensin S, Pellegrini M, Raggiaschi R, Pallini V, Baldari CT. Extensive temporally regulated reorganization of the lipid raft proteome following T-cell antigen receptor triggering. Biochem J 2003; 369:301-9. [PMID: 12358599 PMCID: PMC1223079 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2002] [Revised: 10/01/2002] [Accepted: 10/02/2002] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Signalling by immunoreceptors is orchestrated at specific plasma membrane microdomains, referred to as lipid rafts. Here we present a proteomics approach to the temporal analysis of protein association with lipid rafts following T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) triggering. We show that TCR engagement promotes the temporally regulated recruitment of proteins participating in the TCR signalling cascade to lipid rafts. Furthermore, TCR triggering results in profound modifications in the composition of lipid rafts involving a number of proteins associated either directly or indirectly with both plasma and intracellular membranes. Raft-associated proteins can be clustered according to their temporal profile of raft association. The data identify lipid rafts as highly dynamic structures and reveal a dramatic impact of surface TCR triggering not only on components of the TCR signalling machinery but also on proteins implicated in a number of diverse cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bini
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Möller A, Dienz O, Hehner SP, Dröge W, Schmitz ML. Protein kinase C theta cooperates with Vav1 to induce JNK activity in T-cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:20022-8. [PMID: 11274147 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011139200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show that in human T-cell leukemia cells Vav1 and protein kinase C theta (PKCtheta) synergize for the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not p38 MAP kinase. Vav1 and PKCtheta also cooperated to induce transcription of reporter genes controlled either by AP-1 binding sites or the CD28RE/AP composite element contained in the IL-2 promoter by stimulating the binding of transcription factors to these two elements. Dominant negative versions of Vav1 and PKCtheta inhibited CD3/CD28-induced activation of JNK, revealing their relative importance for this activation pathway. Gel filtration experiments revealed the existence of constitutively associated Vav1/PKCtheta heterodimers in extracts from unstimulated T-cells, whereas T-cell costimulation induced the recruitment of Vav1 into high molecular weight complexes. Several experimental approaches showed that Vav1 is located upstream from PKCtheta in the control of the pathway leading to synergistic JNK activation. Vav1-derived signals lead to the activation of JNK by at least two different pathways. The major contribution of Vav1 for the activation of JNK relies on the PKCtheta-mediated Ca(2+)-independent synergistic activation pathway, whereas JNK is also activated by a separate Ca(2+)-dependent signaling route.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Möller
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Immunochemistry (G0200), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Baldari CT, Telford JL, Acuto O. EMBO WORKSHOP REPORT: lymphocyte antigen receptor and coreceptor signaling Siena, Italy, November 6-10, 1999. EMBO J 2000; 19:4857-65. [PMID: 10990449 PMCID: PMC314226 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.18.4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C T Baldari
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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