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Tian M, Han B, Tan H, You C. Preparation and characterization of galactosylated alginate-chitosan oligomer microcapsule for hepatocytes microencapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:502-11. [PMID: 25129774 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Galactosylated alginate (GA)-chitosan oligomer microcapsule was prepared to provide a sufficient mechanical stability, a selective permeability and an appropriate three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment for hepatocytes microencapsulation. The microcapsule has a unique asymmetric membrane structure, with a dense layer located in the inner surface and gradually decreasing toward the outside surface. The stable microcapsule was obtained when GA lower than 50%, while the permeability was increased with increasing of GA. A balance between mechanical stability and permeability was achieved through modulating membrane porosity and thickness. The optimal microcapsule displays a selective permeability allowing efficient transport of human serum albumin while effectively blocking immunoglobulin G. Hepatocytes exhibited high and long term viability (>92%), proliferability, multicellular spheroid morphology, and enhancement of liver-specific functions in the microcapsule wherein galactose moieties present chemical cues to support cell-matrix interactions while the 3D structure of the microcapsule behaves physical cues to facilitate cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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Yang R, Wang Y, Zhou D. Novel hydroxyethylcellulose-graft-poly acrylamide copolymer for separation of double-stranded DNA fragments by CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3223-31. [PMID: 17703467 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel separation medium, hydroxyethylcellulose-graft-polyacrylamide (HEC-g-PAM) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), used for dsDNA separation by CE is presented. The separation performance of HEC-g-PAM, which has the same graft density and different graft length, has been investigated in Tris-boric acid-EDTA (TBE) buffer solvent mixtures. The temperature-dependent rheological behavior of HEC-g-PAM was also studied by steady-shear rheometry. The results showed that dsDNA fragments between 72 and 1353 bp was achieved with a 30 cm effective capillary length at 150 V/cm using this type of graft copolymer as a separation medium in bare fused-silica capillaries, and separation improvement is obtained in HEC-g-PAM compared with HEC and poly(dimethylacrylamide (PDMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmiao Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
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3
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Study on synthesis of glycopeptide-based triblock copolymers and their aggregation behavior in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11706-007-0029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Miksík I, Sedláková P, Mikulíková K, Eckhardt A, Cserhati T, Horváth T. Matrices for capillary gel electrophoresis—a brief overview of uncommon gels. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:458-65. [PMID: 16779791 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article gives an overview of uncommon replaceable matrices (gels) for capillary gel electrophoresis. This electrophoretic technique is useful mainly for the separation and analysis of biopolymers-nucleic acids and their fragments, and proteins/peptides. Commonly used gels are not reviewed. Those mentioned and discussed here are gels containing saccharides, newly developed acrylamide-based gels and thermoadjustable viscosity polymers, namely triblock copolymers and grafted polyacrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Miksík
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague.
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Wang Y, Liang D, Ying Q, Chu B. Quasi-interpenetrating network formed by polyacrylamide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) used in high-performance DNA sequencing analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:126-36. [PMID: 15624193 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Quasi-interpenetrating network (IPN) formed by polyacrylamide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) was designed, synthesized, and tested as a high-performance DNA separation medium by capillary electrophoresis. The performance of quasi-IPN on DNA sequencing was determined by the acrylamide to dimethylacrylamide molar ratio, polyacrylamide molecular weight, and its size distribution. Under optimal operating conditions, quasi-IPN was able to achieve one-color DNA sequencing up to 1000 bases in 39 min, or 1200 bases in 60 min. Its performance was compared with some of the existing commercialized products, such as POP6 from Applied Biosystems and MegaBACE matrix from Amersham Biosciences. By using the ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer, even without optimized base-calling software, quasi-IPN yielded a read length of up to 700 bases of contiguous sequence (50-750 bases) in 35 min with 99.6% accuracy, or 750 bases of contiguous sequence (50-800 bases) in 37 min with 98.0% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
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6
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Abstract
A review on copolymers used as DNA separation media in capillary electrophoresis is presented. Copolymers can combine the desirable properties of different monomers, yielding many attractive features, such as high sieving ability, low viscosity, self-assembly behavior and dynamic coating ability. Copolymers with different molecular architecture, including block copolymers, random copolymers, and graft copolymers, have been developed and tested as DNA separation media with unique and tailored properties that cannot be achieved easily by using only homopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chu
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 11794-3400, USA.
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7
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Abstract
The design of functional materials for genomic and proteomic analyses in microscale systems has begun to mature, from materials designed for capillary-based electrophoresis systems to those tailored for microfluidic-based or 'chip-based' platforms. In particular, recent research has focused on evaluating different polymer chemistries for microchannel surface passivation and improved DNA separation matrix performance. Additionally, novel bioconjugate materials designed specifically for electrophoretic separations in microscale channels are facilitating new separation modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt N Vreeland
- Northwestern University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2145 Sheridan Road, Room E136, Evanston IL 60208-3120, USA
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8
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Abstract
The novel polymer matrices reported here are low-viscosity sieving media for DNA capillary electrophoresis. This new family of matrices comprises copolymers of N,N-dimethylacrylamide with different monomers which increase polymer hydrophilicity. All these new copolymers self-coat on fused-silica capillaries. Resolution, peak spacing and peak width were the parameters taken into account to assess the influence of polymer structure on separation selectivity and efficiency. This work demonstrates that the performance of polydimethylacrylamide (PDMA) can be improved through copolymerization with hydrophilic monomers. The improvement is related to the efficiency parameter. The new copolymers, due to their low viscosity high sieving capacity and ability to suppress EOF, represent a better alternative to PDMA and are suitable replaceable matrices for capillary and microchip electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Chiari
- Institute of Biocatalysis and Molecular Recognition, CNR, Milano, Italy.
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Casali M, Tarantini L, Riva S, Hunkova Z, Weignerova L, Kren V. Exploitation of a library of alpha-galactosidases for the synthesis of building blocks for glycopolymers. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 77:105-10. [PMID: 11745178 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
After screening a library of fungal alpha-galactosidases for the synthesis of functionalized alkyl alpha-D-galactopyranosides, four enzymes (isolated from Aspergillus terreus CCM55, Aspergillus commune CCM 2969, Penicillium vinaceum CCM 2384, or Penicillium brasilianum 2155) proved to be suitable for these biotransformations. The effect of different concentrations of alcohol on activity and stability of these enzymes was investigated. After optimization of the reaction conditions, three galactose derivatives (allyl, 2-nitroethyl and 2-(2',2',2'-trifluoroacetamido)-ethyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside, 1a, 3a, and 4a, respectively), suitable for subsequent chemical polymerization, were synthesized using either the "reverse hydrolysis" or the "transglycosylation" protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Casali
- Institute of Biocatalysis and Molecular Recognition, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
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Marinzi C, Longhi R, Chiari M, Consonni R. Capillary electrophoresis investigation on the structure-enantioselectivity relationship in synthetic cyclopeptides as chiral selectors. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:3257-62. [PMID: 11589288 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200109)22:15<3257::aid-elps3257>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported the use of a deconvolution strategy to identify the best chiral selectors for Nalpha-2,4-dinitrophenyl (Dnp) amino acid racemates from a combinatorial library composed of thousands of homodetic cyclohexapeptides. Selection was based on the capillary electrophoresis (CE) enantioresolution for a set of Dnp-amino acids. The groups involved in the chiral discrimination were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which revealed a strong involvement of one of the aromatic rings of the cyclopeptide in the binding with the analyte. In order to better understand the recognition mechanism, and thus extend the applicability of the analytical system, modifications on both analyte and selector structure were introduced. The effects on separation were evaluated in terms of resolution values and mobility variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marinzi
- Istituto di Biocatalisi e Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milan, Italy.
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11
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De Lorenzi E, Massolini G, Molinari P, Galbusera C, Longhi R, Marinzi C, Consonni R, Chiari M. Chiral capillary electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance investigation on the structure-enantioselectivity relationship in synthetic cyclopeptides as chiral selectors. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:1373-84. [PMID: 11379960 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200105)22:7<1373::aid-elps1373>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, synthetic cyclohexa- and cycloheptapeptides previously singled out by a combinatorial chemistry approach have been evaluated as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. By applying the countercurrent migration technique and employing a new adsorbed coating, a series of dinitrophenyl amino acids as well as some chiral compounds of pharmaceutical interest have been evaluated for enantiorecognition. The results thus obtained led to a deeper investigation of the chiral discrimination process, by carrying out nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies on selected cyclopeptide-analyte complexes. These studies shed light on the chemical groups involved in the analyte-selector interaction and provided useful information for a wider application of these cyclopeptides in the separation of other drug enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Lorenzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy.
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