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Ren AH, Diamandis EP, Kulasingam V. Uncovering the Depths of the Human Proteome: Antibody-based Technologies for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Protein Detection and Quantification. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100155. [PMID: 34597790 PMCID: PMC9357438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing the human proteome in tissues and biofluids such as plasma is attractive for biomarker and drug target discovery. Recent breakthroughs in multiplex, antibody-based, proteomics technologies now enable the simultaneous quantification of thousands of proteins at as low as sub fg/ml concentrations with remarkable dynamic ranges of up to 10-log. We herein provide a comprehensive guide to the methodologies, performance, technical comparisons, advantages, and disadvantages of established and emerging technologies for the multiplexed ultrasensitive measurement of proteins. Gaining holistic knowledge on these innovations is crucial for choosing the right multiplexed proteomics tool for applications at hand to critically complement traditional proteomics methods. This can bring researchers closer than ever before to elucidating the intricate inner workings and cross talk that spans multitude of proteins in disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie H Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vathany Kulasingam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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2
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Wurtzler EM, Wendell D. A Streptavidin-SOG Chimera for All-Optical Immunoassays. Biomacromolecules 2013; 15:228-33. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Wurtzler
- Department
of Biological,
Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Science, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - David Wendell
- Department
of Biological,
Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Science, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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3
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Karhunen U, Soikkeli M, Lahdenperä S, Soukka T. Quantitative detection of well-based DNA array using switchable lanthanide luminescence. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 772:87-92. [PMID: 23540252 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this report a novel wash-free method for multiplexed DNA detection is demonstrated employing target specific probe pairs and switchable lanthanide luminescence technology on a solid-phase array. Four oligonucleotide capture probes, conjugated at 3' to non-luminescent lanthanide ion carrier chelate, were immobilized as a small array on the bottom of a microtiter plate well onto which a mix of corresponding detection probes, conjugated at 5' to a light absorbing antenna ligand, were added. In the presence of complementary target nucleic acid both the spotted capture probe and the liquid-phase detection probe hybridize adjacently on the target. Consequently the two non-luminescent label molecules self-assemble and form a luminescent mixed lanthanide chelate complex. Lanthanide luminescence is thereafter measured without a wash step from the spots by scanning in time-resolved mode. The homogeneous solid-phase array-based method resulted in quantitative detection of synthetic target oligonucleotides with 0.32 nM and 0.60 nM detection limits in a single target and multiplexed assay, respectively, corresponding to 3× SD of the background. Also qualitative detection of PCR-amplified target from Escherichia coli is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Karhunen
- Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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4
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Zherdeva VV, Savitsky AP. Using lanthanide-based resonance energy transfer for in vitro and in vivo studies of biological processes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:1553-74. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912130111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Wang J, Hu P, Liu B, Jin X, Kong Y, Gao J, Wang D, Wang B, Xu R, Zhang X. Investigation on coordination number and geometrical conformation of rare earth complexes with catenulate aminopolycarboxylic acid ligands. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.500378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- b Department of Pharmacy , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Jin
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Kong
- b Department of Pharmacy , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Jingqun Gao
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- b Department of Pharmacy , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Baoxin Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry , Liaoning University , Shenyang 110036, P.R. China
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6
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Matsuya T, Otake K, Tashiro S, Hoshino N, Katada M, Okuyama T. A new time-resolved fluorometric microarray detection system using core–shell-type fluorescent nanosphere and its application to allergen microarray. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:797-806. [PMID: 16791558 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new time-resolved fluorometric (TRF) microarray detection system consisting of fluorescent NH2 nanosphere, TRF microarray detector and gamma-irradiated polystyrene chip. Using the TRF microarray detector, we detected 500 particles of the fluorescent nanosphere in one channel. Cross-talk fluorescence from the adjacent channels was little observed in the TRF microarray detector (<0.0004 %). The TRF microarray detection system was further applied for serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) multi-analyses. As a labeled tag antibody, an anti-human IgE Fab' fragment-conjugated fluorescent nanosphere (Fab' nanosphere) was prepared as described previously. As a chip surface appropriate for allergen immobilization, the polystyrene chip surface was modified by gamma irradiation. The immunoassay reactivity using the gamma-irradiated polystyrene chip was approximately 2.5-times improved compared with that of the non-treated polystyrene chip. Non-specific adsorption of the Fab' nanosphere onto the gamma-irradiated polystyrene chip surface was very low level (<0.0009 %). In only 20 mul of serum, six allergen-specific IgEs could be simultaneously determined in one reaction well in fewer than 90 min. Good correlation curves were obtained between the microarray immunoassay and the CAP RAST fluoro-enzyme immunoassay (CAP/RAST FEIA) method (r > 0.961). Reproducibility (CVs) of the microarray immunoassay was 8.6 % to 19.0 % (n = 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsuya
- Research & Development Division, Mitsubishi Kagaku Iatron, Inc., 1144 Ohwadashinden, Chiba, 276-0046, Japan.
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8
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Yuan J, Wang G. Lanthanide complex-based fluorescence label for time-resolved fluorescence bioassay. J Fluoresc 2005; 15:559-68. [PMID: 16167214 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-005-2829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Different from organic fluorescence dyes, fluorescent lanthanide complexes have the fluorescence properties of long fluorescence lifetime, large Stokes shift and sharp emission profile, which makes them favorable be used as the fluorescent labeling reagents for microsecond time-resolved fluorescence bioassay. Lanthanide complex-based fluorescence labels have been successfully used for highly sensitive time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay, DNA hybridization assay, cell activity assay, and bio-imaging microscopy assay. Since the technique allows easy distinction of the specific fluorescence signal of the long-lived label from short-lived background noises associated with biological samples, scattering lights (Tyndall, Rayleigh and Raman scatterings) and the optical components (cuvettes, filters and lenses), the sensitivity of fluorescence bioassay has been remarkably improved. This paper summarized the recent developments of lanthanide complex-based fluorescence labels and their applications in time-resolved fluorescence bioassays mainly based on the authors' researches and relative publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Yuan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, P. R. China.
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9
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Huhtinen P, Soukka T, Lövgren T, Härmä H. Immunoassay of total prostate-specific antigen using europium(III) nanoparticle labels and streptavidin-biotin technology. J Immunol Methods 2005; 294:111-22. [PMID: 15604021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Revised: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle labels conjugated with biomolecules are used in a variety of different assay applications. We investigated the possibility of using europium(III)-labeled 68-nm nanoparticles coated with monoclonal antibodies or streptavidin (SA) to detect prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum. The selection of a suitable antibody pair and interference caused by the combination of nanoparticle label and structurally complex analyte were of special interest. A set of antibodies recognizing different epitope areas of PSA was mapped to find the optimal antibody pair for the immunometric nanoparticle-based assay. Different assay configurations were tested to obtain a good correlation with a conventional method based on biotinylated detection antibodies and europium(III) chelate-labeled streptavidin. Monoclonal capture antibody 5E4 was covalently coated on a microtitration well surface; biotinylated 5H6 monoclonal antibody (Mab) was used for detection, and europium(III)-labeled streptavidin-coated nanoparticles were utilized for signal generation. Total PSA concentrations were determined from a panel of male serum samples to test the developed assay. The correlation of the nanoparticle-based and reference assays was good; y=0.9844x-0.1252, R2=0.98, n=27; and the lowest limit of detection of the assay (LLD=0.83 ng/l) was 35-fold lower than for the reference method. The assay application presented here, where a structurally complex analyte is detected, combines the exceptionally high affinity of streptavidin-biotin technology and the high specific activity of long lifetime fluorescence nanoparticle labels. The general characteristics of this combination should permit the development of various immunoassay applications featuring high sensitivity, rapidity, and low consumption of reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Huhtinen
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
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10
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Striebel HM, Schellenberg P, Grigaravicius P, Greulich KO. Readout of protein microarrays using intrinsic time resolved UV fluorescence for label-free detection. Proteomics 2004; 4:1703-11. [PMID: 15174139 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Detecting protein-protein interactions other than those of antibody-antigen pairs still represents a demanding and tedious task. In the present work, a novel method as an alternative to current molecular biology-based detection procedures is established. It solely relies on the change of fluorescence decay times of the protein's intrinsic fluorophores tryptophan and tyrosine due to protein-protein interaction. Unlike previously utilized related methods, no labelling of the binding partners is required. This opens the possibility to detect proteins and their natural interactions without perturbation due to chemical alteration. The technique uses immobilization of one of the protein partners onto solid supports, which allows performance of protein binding studies in the microarray format. Fluorescence lifetime experiments of proteins in their different binding states have been applied to protease/protease-substrate pairs, as well as to the tubulin/kinesin system. Different binding behavior of proteins in solution towards protein partners immobilized on protein microarrays was detected with regard to binding specificity and protein amount. This label-free method for analyzing protein microarrays offers broad applicability ranging from principal investigations of protein interactions to applications in molecular biology and medicine.
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Soloviev M, Barry R, Scrivener E, Terrett J. Combinatorial peptidomics: a generic approach for protein expression profiling. J Nanobiotechnology 2003; 1:4. [PMID: 12877747 PMCID: PMC166277 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Accepted: 07/03/2003] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional approaches to protein profiling were built around the concept of investigating one protein at a time and have long since reached their limits of throughput. Here we present a completely new approach for comprehensive compositional analysis of complex protein mixtures, capable of overcoming the deficiencies of current proteomics techniques. The Combinatorial methodology utilises the peptidomics approach, in which protein samples are proteolytically digested using one or a combination of proteases prior to any assay being carried out. The second fundamental principle is the combinatorial depletion of the crude protein digest (i.e. of the peptide pool) by chemical crosslinking through amino acid side chains. Our approach relies on the chemical reactivities of the amino acids and therefore the amino acid content of the peptides (i.e. their information content) rather than their physical properties. Combinatorial peptidomics does not use affinity reagents and relies on neither chromatography nor electrophoretic separation techniques. It is the first generic methodology applicable to protein expression profiling, that is independent of the physical properties of proteins and does not require any prior knowledge of the proteins. Alternatively, a specific combinatorial strategy may be designed to analyse a particular known protein on the basis of that protein sequence alone or, in the absence of reliable protein sequence, even the predicted amino acid translation of an EST sequence. Combinatorial peptidomics is especially suitable for use with high throughput micro- and nano-fluidic platforms capable of running multiple depletion reactions in a single disposable chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Soloviev
- Oxford GlycoSciences (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3YS, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Barry
- Oxford GlycoSciences (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3YS, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Scrivener
- Oxford GlycoSciences (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3YS, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Terrett
- Oxford GlycoSciences (UK) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3YS, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The utility of several streptavidin-linked fluorescent detector molecules was evaluated on two protein microarray platforms. Tested detector molecules included: Alexa Fluor 546; R-phycoerythrin (RPE), orange fluospheres; Cy3-containing liposomes (Large Unilamellar Vesicles, LUV) labelled with Cy3; and an RPE-antibody complex. The two array architectures tested consisted of an array of murine Fc-biotin and an array of murine IgG (the murine IgG array was probed with a biotinylated rabbit anti-murine IgG). These platforms allowed for the direct comparison of detector utility by detector recognition of array-bound biotin. All of the fluorescent detectors examined demonstrated utility on each of the array platforms. For the Fc-biotin array, detector signal intensity (background adjusted) was as follows: RPE-antibody complex > fluospheres > RPE > liposomes > Alexa 546: for the IgG array: RPE/antibody complex > RPE > fluospheres > Alexa546 > liposomes. The RPE-antibody complex fluoresced 67% and 150% more intensely than the next closest detector molecule for the Fc-biotin and the murine IgG arrays, respectively. A marked increase in background fluorescence (as compared to RPE alone) did not accompany the increase in signal intensity gained through RPE-antibody complex use (a true increase in signal:noise ratio). These results suggest that the RPE-antibody complex is superior to other molecules for fluorescent detection of analytes on protein microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Wiese
- Genometrix Inc, 2700 Research Forest Drive, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA.
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Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry was first applied to the generation of peptide arrays in 1984. Since then, the field of combinatorial chemistry has evolved rapidly into a new discipline. There is a great need for the development of methods to examine the proteome functionally at a global level. Using many of the techniques and instruments developed for DNA microarrays, chemical microarray methods have advanced significantly in the past three years. High-density chemical microarrays can now be synthesized in situ on glass slides or be printed through covalent linkage or non-specific adsorption to the surface of the solid-support with fully automatic arrayers. Microfabrication methods enable one to generate arrays of microsensors at the end of optical fibers or arrays of microwells on a flat surface. In conjunction with the one-bead one-compound combinatorial library method, chemical microarrays have proven to be very useful in lead identification and optimization. High-throughput protein expression systems, robust high-density protein, peptide and small-molecule microarray systems, and automatic mass spectrometers are critical tools for the field of functional proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit S Lam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCD Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Sacramento CA 95817, USA.
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Wiese R, Belosludtsev Y, Powdrill T, Thompson P, Hogan M. Simultaneous Multianalyte ELISA Performed on a Microarray Platform. Clin Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/47.8.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: A logical progression of the widely used microtiter plate ELISA is toward a protein array format that allows simultaneous detection of multiple analytes at multiple array addresses within a single well. Here we describe the construction and use of such a multiplex ELISA to measure prostate-specific antigen (PSA), α1-antichymotrypsin-bound PSA (PSA-ACT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Methods: We silanized glass plates and printed the appropriate capture antibodies to allow for the construction of “sandwich” ELISA quantification assays. We examined specificity of the assay for appropriate antigen, assembled calibration curves, and obtained PSA concentrations for 14 human serum samples. We compared the serum PSA concentrations derived through the use of our array with values obtained independently using a standard ELISA method.
Results: R 2 values generated by our microarray for the PSA and PSA-ACT calibration curves were 0.989 and 0.979, respectively. Analyte concentrations used for the construction of these curves were 0.31–20 μg of protein/L of diluent. IL-6 calibration curve concentrations were 4.9–300 ng of IL-6/L of diluent. The R2 value for the IL-6 calibration curve was 0.983. The 14 human serum samples screened by this micro-ELISA technique for PSA concentrations generated a regression equation (linear) with a slope of 0.83 ± 0.10 and intercept of 0.74 ± 0.70 (R2 = 0.88).
Conclusions: Multiplexed ELISA arrays are a feasible option for analyte quantification in complex biologic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Wiese
- Genometrix, Inc., 2700 Research Forest Dr., The Woodlands, TX 77381
| | | | - Tom Powdrill
- Genometrix, Inc., 2700 Research Forest Dr., The Woodlands, TX 77381
| | | | - Mike Hogan
- Genometrix, Inc., 2700 Research Forest Dr., The Woodlands, TX 77381
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2001. [PMCID: PMC2447213 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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