1
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Kutschka I, Bertero E, Wasmus C, Xiao K, Yang L, Chen X, Oshima Y, Fischer M, Erk M, Arslan B, Alhasan L, Grosser D, Ermer KJ, Nickel A, Kohlhaas M, Eberl H, Rebs S, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Schmitz W, Rehling P, Thum T, Higuchi T, Rabinowitz J, Maack C, Dudek J. Activation of the integrated stress response rewires cardiac metabolism in Barth syndrome. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:47. [PMID: 37930434 PMCID: PMC10628049 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is an inherited cardiomyopathy caused by defects in the mitochondrial transacylase TAFAZZIN (Taz), required for the synthesis of the phospholipid cardiolipin. BTHS is characterized by heart failure, increased propensity for arrhythmias and a blunted inotropic reserve. Defects in Ca2+-induced Krebs cycle activation contribute to these functional defects, but despite oxidation of pyridine nucleotides, no oxidative stress developed in the heart. Here, we investigated how retrograde signaling pathways orchestrate metabolic rewiring to compensate for mitochondrial defects. In mice with an inducible knockdown (KD) of TAFAZZIN, and in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes, mitochondrial uptake and oxidation of fatty acids was strongly decreased, while glucose uptake was increased. Unbiased transcriptomic analyses revealed that the activation of the eIF2α/ATF4 axis of the integrated stress response upregulates one-carbon metabolism, which diverts glycolytic intermediates towards the biosynthesis of serine and fuels the biosynthesis of glutathione. In addition, strong upregulation of the glutamate/cystine antiporter xCT increases cardiac cystine import required for glutathione synthesis. Increased glutamate uptake facilitates anaplerotic replenishment of the Krebs cycle, sustaining energy production and antioxidative pathways. These data indicate that ATF4-driven rewiring of metabolism compensates for defects in mitochondrial uptake of fatty acids to sustain energy production and antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kutschka
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - Italian IRCCS Cardiology Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Christina Wasmus
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ke Xiao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Oshima
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Fischer
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuela Erk
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Berkan Arslan
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lin Alhasan
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daria Grosser
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina J Ermer
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Eberl
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Rebs
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- University Göttingen, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Humboldtallee 23, 37072, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Rebirth Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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Goncalves RLS, Wang ZB, Inouye KE, Lee GY, Fu X, Saksi J, Rosique C, Parlakgul G, Arruda AP, Hui ST, Loperena MC, Burgess SC, Graupera I, Hotamisligil GS. Ubiquinone deficiency drives reverse electron transport to disrupt hepatic metabolic homeostasis in obesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.528863. [PMID: 36865319 PMCID: PMC9980148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.528863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are central to physiology. While excess mROS production has been associated with several disease states, its precise sources, regulation, and mechanism of generation in vivo remain unknown, limiting translational efforts. Here we show that in obesity, hepatic ubiquinone (Q) synthesis is impaired, which raises the QH 2 /Q ratio, driving excessive mROS production via reverse electron transport (RET) from site I Q in complex I. Using multiple complementary genetic and pharmacological models in vivo we demonstrated that RET is critical for metabolic health. In patients with steatosis, the hepatic Q biosynthetic program is also suppressed, and the QH 2 /Q ratio positively correlates with disease severity. Our data identify a highly selective mechanism for pathological mROS production in obesity, which can be targeted to protect metabolic homeostasis.
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Phenotypic Characterization of Male Tafazzin-Knockout Mice at 3, 6, and 12 Months of Age. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020638. [PMID: 36831174 PMCID: PMC9953241 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for tafazzin (TAZ), a key enzyme in the remodeling of cardiolipin. Mice with a germline deficiency in Taz have been generated (Taz-KO) but not yet fully characterized. We performed physiological assessments of 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old male Taz-KO mice, including measures of perinatal survival, growth, lifespan, gross anatomy, whole-body energy and substrate metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and exercise capacity. Taz-KO mice displayed reduced viability, with lower-than-expected numbers of mice recorded at 4 weeks of age, and a shortened lifespan due to disease progression. At all ages, Taz-KO mice had lower body weights compared with wild-type (Wt) littermates despite similar absolute food intakes. This finding was attributed to reduced adiposity and diminutive organs and tissues, including heart and skeletal muscles. Although there were no differences in basal levels of locomotion between age-matched genotypes, indirect calorimetry studies showed higher energy expenditure measures and respiratory exchange ratios in Taz-KO mice. At the youngest age, Taz-KO mice had comparable glucose tolerance and insulin action to Wt mice, but while these measures indicated metabolic impairments in Wt mice with advancing age that were likely associated with increasing adiposity, Taz-KO mice were protected. Comparisons across the three age-cohorts revealed a significant and more severe deterioration of exercise capacity in Taz-KO mice than in their Wt littermate controls. The Taz-KO mouse model faithfully recapitulates important aspects of BTHS, and thus provides an important new tool to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapies.
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Pang J, Bao Y, Mitchell-Silbaugh K, Veevers J, Fang X. Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040656. [PMID: 35456462 PMCID: PMC9030331 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mitochondrial lipid disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN (TAZ) gene, which encodes a mitochondrial acyltransferase/transacylase required for cardiolipin (CL) biosynthesis. Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical feature of BTHS. During the past four decades, we have witnessed many landmark discoveries that have led to a greater understanding of clinical features of BTHS cardiomyopathy and their molecular basis, as well as the therapeutic targets for this disease. Recently published Taz knockout mouse models provide useful experimental models for studying BTHS cardiomyopathy and testing potential therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize key findings of the clinical features, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches for BTHS cardiomyopathy, with particular emphasis on the most recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yutong Bao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kalia Mitchell-Silbaugh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (J.P.); (Y.B.); (K.M.-S.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-246-4637
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Dudek J, Maack C. Mechano-energetic aspects of Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:82-98. [PMID: 34423473 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Energy-demanding organs like the heart are strongly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation is governed by the respiratory chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The inner mitochondrial membrane is the only cellular membrane with significant amounts of the phospholipid cardiolipin, and cardiolipin was found to directly interact with a number of essential protein complexes, including respiratory chain complexes I to V. An inherited defect in the biogenesis of cardiolipin causes Barth syndrome, which is associated with cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia and growth retardation. Energy conversion is dependent on reducing equivalents, which are replenished by oxidative metabolism in the Krebs cycle. Cardiolipin deficiency in Barth syndrome also affects Krebs cycle activity, metabolite transport and mitochondrial morphology. During excitation-contraction coupling, calcium (Ca2+ ) released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum drives sarcomeric contraction. At the same time, Ca2+ influx into mitochondria drives the activation of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases and the regeneration of reducing equivalents. Reducing equivalents are essential not only for energy conversion, but also for maintaining a redox buffer, which is required to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). Defects in CL may also affect Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria and thereby hamper energy supply and demand matching, but also detoxification of ROS. Here, we review the impact of cardiolipin deficiency on mitochondrial function in Barth syndrome and discuss potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dudek
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Pu WT. Experimental models of Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:72-81. [PMID: 34370877 PMCID: PMC8814986 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of the gene Tafazzin (TAZ) causes Barth syndrome, an X-linked disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle weakness, and neutropenia. TAZ is an acyltransferase that catalyzes the remodeling of cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here, we review the major model systems that have been established to study the role of cardiolipin remodeling in mitochondrial function and the pathogenesis of Barth syndrome. We summarize key features of each model and provide examples of how each has contributed to advance our understanding of TAZ function and Barth syndrome pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138
- correspondence:
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Bozelli JC, Epand RM. Interplay between cardiolipin and plasmalogens in Barth syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:99-110. [PMID: 34655242 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare inherited metabolic disease resulting from mutations in the gene of the enzyme tafazzin, which catalyzes the acyl chain remodeling of the mitochondrial-specific lipid cardiolipin (CL). Tissue samples of individuals with BTHS present abnormalities in the level and the molecular species of CL. In addition, in tissues of a tafazzin knockdown mouse as well as in cells derived from BTHS patients it has been shown that plasmalogens, a subclass of glycerophospholipids, also have abnormal levels. Likewise, administration of a plasmalogen precursor to cells derived from BTHS patients led to an increase in plasmalogen and to some extent CL levels. These results indicate an interplay between CL and plasmalogens in BTHS. This interdependence is supported by the concomitant loss in these lipids in different pathological conditions. However, currently the molecular mechanism linking CL and plasmalogens is not fully understood. Here, a review of the evidence showing the linkage between the levels of CL and plasmalogens is presented. In addition, putative mechanisms that might play a role in this interplay are proposed. Finally, the opportunity of therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of plasmalogens as new therapies for the treatment of BTHS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Bertero E, Nickel A, Kohlhaas M, Hohl M, Sequeira V, Brune C, Schwemmlein J, Abeßer M, Schuh K, Kutschka I, Carlein C, Münker K, Atighetchi S, Müller A, Kazakov A, Kappl R, von der Malsburg K, van der Laan M, Schiuma AF, Böhm M, Laufs U, Hoth M, Rehling P, Kuhn M, Dudek J, von der Malsburg A, Prates Roma L, Maack C. Loss of Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uniporter Limits Inotropic Reserve and Provides Trigger and Substrate for Arrhythmias in Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2021; 144:1694-1713. [PMID: 34648376 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by mutations of the gene encoding tafazzin, which catalyzes maturation of mitochondrial cardiolipin and often manifests with systolic dysfunction during early infancy. Beyond the first months of life, BTHS cardiomyopathy typically transitions to a phenotype of diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, blunted contractile reserve during exercise, and arrhythmic vulnerability. Previous studies traced BTHS cardiomyopathy to mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because mitochondrial function and ROS formation are regulated by excitation-contraction coupling, integrated analysis of mechano-energetic coupling is required to delineate the pathomechanisms of BTHS cardiomyopathy. METHODS We analyzed cardiac function and structure in a mouse model with global knockdown of tafazzin (Taz-KD) compared with wild-type littermates. Respiratory chain assembly and function, ROS emission, and Ca2+ uptake were determined in isolated mitochondria. Excitation-contraction coupling was integrated with mitochondrial redox state, ROS, and Ca2+ uptake in isolated, unloaded or preloaded cardiac myocytes, and cardiac hemodynamics analyzed in vivo. RESULTS Taz-KD mice develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (>50%) and age-dependent progression of diastolic dysfunction in the absence of fibrosis. Increased myofilament Ca2+ affinity and slowed cross-bridge cycling caused diastolic dysfunction, in part, compensated by accelerated diastolic Ca2+ decay through preactivated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Taz deficiency provoked heart-specific loss of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter protein that prevented Ca2+-induced activation of the Krebs cycle during β-adrenergic stimulation, oxidizing pyridine nucleotides and triggering arrhythmias in cardiac myocytes. In vivo, Taz-KD mice displayed prolonged QRS duration as a substrate for arrhythmias, and a lack of inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Cellular arrhythmias and QRS prolongation, but not the defective inotropic reserve, were restored by inhibiting Ca2+ export through the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. All alterations occurred in the absence of excess mitochondrial ROS in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, increased myofilament Ca2+ affinity, and preactivated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase provoke mechano-energetic uncoupling that explains diastolic dysfunction and the lack of inotropic reserve in BTHS cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, defective mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake provides a trigger and a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias. These insights can guide the ongoing search for a cure of this orphaned disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Now with Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Mathias Hohl
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Carolin Brune
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Julia Schwemmlein
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Marco Abeßer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Kai Schuh
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Ilona Kutschka
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Christopher Carlein
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kai Münker
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sarah Atighetchi
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Clinic for Radiology (A.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andrey Kazakov
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kappl
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Karina von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anna-Florentine Schiuma
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Michael Böhm
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Now with Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Germany (U.L.)
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany (P.R., J.D.).,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany (P.R.).,Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany (P.R.)
| | - Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany (P.R., J.D.)
| | - Alexander von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Leticia Prates Roma
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (C.M.)
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9
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Bozelli JC, Azher S, Epand RM. Plasmalogens and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730829. [PMID: 34744771 PMCID: PMC8566352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming widely acknowledged that lipids play key roles in cellular function, regulating a variety of biological processes. Lately, a subclass of glycerophospholipids, namely plasmalogens, has received increased attention due to their association with several degenerative and metabolic disorders as well as aging. All these pathophysiological conditions involve chronic inflammatory processes, which have been linked with decreased levels of plasmalogens. Currently, there is a lack of full understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the association of plasmalogens with inflammation. However, it has been shown that in inflammatory processes, plasmalogens could trigger either an anti- or pro-inflammation response. While the anti-inflammatory response seems to be linked to the entire plasmalogen molecule, its pro-inflammatory response seems to be associated with plasmalogen hydrolysis, i.e., the release of arachidonic acid, which, in turn, serves as a precursor to produce pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Moreover, as plasmalogens comprise a large fraction of the total lipids in humans, changes in their levels have been shown to change membrane properties and, therefore, signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory cascade. Restoring plasmalogen levels by use of plasmalogen replacement therapy has been shown to be a successful anti-inflammatory strategy as well as ameliorating several pathological hallmarks of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging role of plasmalogens in chronic inflammatory disorders as well as the promising role of plasmalogen replacement therapy in the treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sayed Azher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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10
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Elkes M, Andonovski M, Vidal D, Farago M, Modafferi R, Claypool SM, LeBlanc PJ. The Influence of Supplemental Dietary Linoleic Acid on Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function in a Rodent Model of Barth Syndrome. Front Physiol 2021; 12:731961. [PMID: 34489741 PMCID: PMC8416984 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.731961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome is a rare and incurable X-linked (male-specific) genetic disease that affects the protein tafazzin (Taz). Taz is an important enzyme responsible for synthesizing biologically relevant cardiolipin (for heart and skeletal muscle, cardiolipin rich in linoleic acid), a critical phospholipid of mitochondrial form and function. Mutations to Taz cause dysfunctional mitochondria, resulting in exercise intolerance due to skeletal muscle weakness. To date, there has been limited research on improving skeletal muscle function, with interventions focused on endurance and resistance exercise. Previous cell culture research has shown therapeutic potential for the addition of exogenous linoleic acid in improving Taz-deficient mitochondrial function but has not been examined in vivo. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of supplemental dietary linoleic acid on skeletal muscle function in a rodent model of Barth syndrome, the inducible Taz knockdown (TazKD) mouse. One of the main findings was that TazKD soleus demonstrated an impaired contractile phenotype (slower force development and rates of relaxation) in vitro compared to their WT littermates. Interestingly, this impaired contractile phenotype seen in vitro did not translate to altered muscle function in vivo at the whole-body level. Also, supplemental linoleic acid attenuated, to some degree, in vitro impaired contractile phenotype in TazKD soleus, and these findings appear to be partially mediated by improvements in cardiolipin content and resulting mitochondrial supercomplex formation. Future research will further examine alternative mechanisms of dietary supplemental LA on improving skeletal muscle contractile dysfunction in TazKD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Elkes
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Andonovski
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Daislyn Vidal
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Madison Farago
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Modafferi
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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11
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Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Dysfunction in Genetic Neuromuscular Disorders with Cardiac Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147349. [PMID: 34298968 PMCID: PMC8307986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered the major contributor to skeletal muscle wasting in different conditions. Genetically determined neuromuscular disorders occur as a result of mutations in the structural proteins of striated muscle cells and therefore are often combined with cardiac phenotype, which most often manifests as a cardiomyopathy. The specific roles played by mitochondria and mitochondrial energetic metabolism in skeletal muscle under muscle-wasting conditions in cardiomyopathies have not yet been investigated in detail, and this aspect of genetic muscle diseases remains poorly characterized. This review will highlight dysregulation of mitochondrial representation and bioenergetics in specific skeletal muscle disorders caused by mutations that disrupt the structural and functional integrity of muscle cells.
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12
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Mailloux RJ. An update on methods and approaches for interrogating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102044. [PMID: 34157640 PMCID: PMC8220584 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chief ROS formed by mitochondria are superoxide (O2·−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxide is converted rapidly to H2O2 and therefore the latter is the chief ROS emitted by mitochondria into the cell. Once considered an unavoidable by-product of aerobic respiration, H2O2 is now regarded as a central mitokine used in mitochondrial redox signaling. However, it has been postulated that O2·− can also serve as a signal in mammalian cells. Progress in understanding the role of mitochondrial H2O2 in signaling is due to significant advances in the development of methods and technologies for its detection. Unfortunately, the development of techniques to selectively measure basal O2·− changes has been met with more significant hurdles due to its short half-life and the lack of specific probes. The development of sensitive techniques for the selective and real time measure of O2·− and H2O2 has come on two fronts: development of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins and small molecule reporters. In 2015, I published a detailed comprehensive review on the state of knowledge for mitochondrial ROS production and how it is controlled, which included an in-depth discussion of the up-to-date methods utilized for the detection of both superoxide (O2·−) and H2O2. In the article, I presented the challenges associated with utilizing these probes and their significance in advancing our collective understanding of ROS signaling. Since then, many other authors in the field of Redox Biology have published articles on the challenges and developments detecting O2·− and H2O2 in various organisms [[1], [2], [3]]. There has been significant advances in this state of knowledge, including the development of novel genetically encoded fluorescent H2O2 probes, several O2·− sensors, and the establishment of a toolkit of inhibitors and substrates for the interrogation of mitochondrial H2O2 production and the antioxidant defenses utilized to maintain the cellular H2O2 steady-state. Here, I provide an update on these methods and their implementation in furthering our understanding of how mitochondria serve as cell ROS stabilizing devices for H2O2 signaling. Details on the toolkit for interrogating the 12 sites for mitochondrial ROS production. Approaches to assess mitochondrial ROS clearance. Novel genetically encoded H2O2 sensors. Small chemical probes for sensitive detection of O2·−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada.
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13
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Barth syndrome: cardiolipin, cellular pathophysiology, management, and novel therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1605-1629. [PMID: 33415565 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome is a rare X-linked genetic disease classically characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, growth retardation, neutropenia, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. It is caused by mutations in the tafazzin gene localized to chromosome Xq28.12. Mutations in tafazzin may result in alterations in the level and molecular composition of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin and result in large elevations in the lysophospholipid monolysocardiolipin. The increased monolysocardiolipin:cardiolipin ratio in blood is diagnostic for the disease, and it leads to disruption in mitochondrial bioenergetics. In this review, we discuss cardiolipin structure, synthesis, and function and provide an overview of the clinical and cellular pathophysiology of Barth Syndrome. We highlight known pharmacological management for treatment of the major pathological features associated with the disease. In addition, we discuss non-pharmacological management. Finally, we highlight the most recent promising therapeutic options for this rare mitochondrial disease including lipid replacement therapy, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, tafazzin gene replacement therapy, induced pluripotent stem cells, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and peptides, and the polyphenolic compound resveratrol.
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