1
|
Liu C, Li J, Xu F, Chen L, Ni M, Wu J, Zhao H, Wu Y, Li J, Wu X, Chen X. PARP1-DOT1L transcription axis drives acquired resistance to PARP inhibitor in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:111. [PMID: 38778348 PMCID: PMC11110363 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) resistance poses a significant challenge in ovarian carcinoma (OC). While the role of DOT1L in cancer and chemoresistance is acknowledged, its specific role in PARPi resistance remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism of DOT1L in PARPi resistance in OC patients. METHODS This study analyzed the expression of DOT1L in PARPi-resistant cell lines compared to sensitive ones and correlated it with clinical outcomes in OC patients. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo functional experiments were conducted using cellular and mouse models. Molecular investigations, including RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) assays, were employed to unravel the molecular mechanisms of DOT1L-mediated PARPi resistance. RESULTS Our investigation revealed a robust correlation between DOT1L expression and clinical PARPi resistance in non-BRCA mutated OC cells. Upregulated DOT1L expression in PARPi-resistant tissues was associated with diminished survival in OC patients. Mechanistically, we identified that PARP1 directly binds to the DOT1L gene promoter, promoting transcription independently of its enzyme activity. PARP1 trapping induced by PARPi treatment amplified this binding, enhancing DOT1L transcription and contributing to drug resistance. Sequencing analysis revealed that DOT1L plays a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of PLCG2 and ABCB1 via H3K79me2. This established the PARP1-DOT1L-PLCG2/ABCB1 axis as a key contributor to PARPi resistance. Furthermore, we discovered that combining a DOT1L inhibitor with PARPi demonstrated a synergistic effect in both cell line-derived xenograft mouse models (CDXs) and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that DOT1L is an independent prognostic marker for OC patients. The PARP1-DOT1L/H3K79me2-PLCG2/ABCB1 axis is identified as a pivotal contributor to PARPi resistance. Targeted inhibition of DOT1L emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing PARPi treatment outcomes in OC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdong Ni
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangchun Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyun Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangjun Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maharaj AV, Cottrell E, Thanasupawat T, Joustra SD, Triggs-Raine B, Fujimoto M, Kant SG, van der Kaay D, Clement-de Boers A, Brooks AS, Aguirre GA, Martín del Estal I, Castilla de Cortázar Larrea MI, Massoud A, van Duyvenvoorde HA, De Bruin C, Hwa V, Klonisch T, Hombach-Klonisch S, Storr HL. Characterization of HMGA2 variants expands the spectrum of Silver-Russell syndrome. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e169425. [PMID: 38516887 PMCID: PMC11063932 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. HMGA2 variants are a rare cause of SRS and its functional role in human linear growth is unclear. Patients with suspected SRS negative for 11p15LOM/mUPD7 underwent whole-exome and/or targeted-genome sequencing. Mutant HMGA2 protein expression and nuclear localization were assessed. Two Hmga2-knockin mouse models were generated. Five clinical SRS patients harbored HMGA2 variants with differing functional impacts: 2 stop-gain nonsense variants (c.49G>T, c.52C>T), c.166A>G missense variant, and 2 frameshift variants (c.144delC, c.145delA) leading to an identical, extended-length protein. Phenotypic features were highly variable. Nuclear localization was reduced/absent for all variants except c.166A>G. Homozygous knockin mice recapitulating the c.166A>G variant (Hmga2K56E) exhibited a growth-restricted phenotype. An Hmga2Ter76-knockin mouse model lacked detectable full-length Hmga2 protein, similarly to patient 3 and 5 variants. These mice were infertile, with a pygmy phenotype. We report a heterogeneous group of individuals with SRS harboring variants in HMGA2 and describe the first Hmga2 missense knockin mouse model (Hmga2K56E) to our knowledge causing a growth-restricted phenotype. In patients with clinical features of SRS but negative genetic screening, HMGA2 should be included in next-generation sequencing testing approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinaash V. Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Cottrell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sjoerd D. Joustra
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Masanobu Fujimoto
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Sarina G. Kant
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Danielle van der Kaay
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Agnes Clement-de Boers
- Department of Paediatrics, Juliana Children’s Hospital/Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Alice S. Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Massoud
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, HCA Healthcare UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hermine A. van Duyvenvoorde
- Laboratory for Diagnostic Genome analysis (LDGA), Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christiaan De Bruin
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pathology, and
| | - Helen L. Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rouleau-Turcotte É, Pascal JM. ADP-ribose contributions to genome stability and PARP enzyme trapping on sites of DNA damage; paradigm shifts for a coming-of-age modification. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105397. [PMID: 37898399 PMCID: PMC10722394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribose is a versatile modification that plays a critical role in diverse cellular processes. The addition of this modification is catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases, among which notable poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes are intimately involved in the maintenance of genome integrity. The role of ADP-ribose modifications during DNA damage repair is of significant interest for the proper development of PARP inhibitors targeted toward the treatment of diseases caused by genomic instability. More specifically, inhibitors promoting PARP persistence on DNA lesions, termed PARP "trapping," is considered a desirable characteristic. In this review, we discuss key classes of proteins involved in ADP-ribose signaling (writers, readers, and erasers) with a focus on those involved in the maintenance of genome integrity. An overview of factors that modulate PARP1 and PARP2 persistence at sites of DNA lesions is also discussed. Finally, we clarify aspects of the PARP trapping model in light of recent studies that characterize the kinetics of PARP1 and PARP2 recruitment at sites of lesions. These findings suggest that PARP trapping could be considered as the continuous recruitment of PARP molecules to sites of lesions, rather than the physical stalling of molecules. Recent studies and novel research tools have elevated the level of understanding of ADP-ribosylation, marking a coming-of-age for this interesting modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Élise Rouleau-Turcotte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John M Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maiorano BA, Conteduca V, Catalano M, Antonuzzo L, Maiello E, De Giorgi U, Roviello G. Personalized medicine for metastatic prostate cancer: The paradigm of PARP inhibitors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104157. [PMID: 37863403 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in the last decade, metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) remains incurable. The approval of PARP inhibitors (PARPis) represents a milestone in this field, which definitively enters the era of precision medicine, as mPCa is often enriched for defects of homologous recombination repair genes. PARPis are now used as single agents for patients with metastatic castration-resistant PCa. Moreover, combinations of PARPis plus androgen-receptor targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and earlier applications of PARPis in the metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa are under evaluation, representing the possible upcoming applications of these agents. Mechanisms of sensitization and resistance have been only partially elucidated. In our review, we summarize the current clinical evidence regarding PARPis in mPCa and the future directions of these targeted agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Anna Maiorano
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Clinical Oncology Unit, and Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, and Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aberrant HMGA2 Expression Sustains Genome Instability That Promotes Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061735. [PMID: 36980621 PMCID: PMC10046046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, accounting for nearly ~10% of all cancer diagnoses and deaths. Current therapeutic approaches have considerably increased survival for patients diagnosed at early stages; however, ~20% of CRC patients are diagnosed with late-stage, metastatic CRC, where 5-year survival rates drop to 6–13% and treatment options are limited. Genome instability is an enabling hallmark of cancer that confers increased acquisition of genetic alterations, mutations, copy number variations and chromosomal rearrangements. In that regard, research has shown a clear association between genome instability and CRC, as the accumulation of aberrations in cancer-related genes provides subpopulations of cells with several advantages, such as increased proliferation rates, metastatic potential and therapeutic resistance. Although numerous genes have been associated with CRC, few have been validated as predictive biomarkers of metastasis or therapeutic resistance. A growing body of evidence suggests a member of the High-Mobility Group A (HMGA) gene family, HMGA2, is a potential biomarker of metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance. HMGA2 is expressed in embryonic tissues and is frequently upregulated in aggressively growing cancers, including CRC. As an architectural, non-histone chromatin binding factor, it initiates chromatin decompaction to facilitate transcriptional regulation. HMGA2 maintains the capacity for stem cell renewal in embryonic and cancer tissues and is a known promoter of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in tumor cells. This review will focus on the known molecular mechanisms by which HMGA2 exerts genome protective functions that contribute to cancer cell survival and chemoresistance in CRC.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gaudreau-Lapierre A, Klonisch T, Nicolas H, Thanasupawat T, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Hombach-Klonisch S. Nuclear High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2) Interactome Revealed by Biotin Proximity Labeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044246. [PMID: 36835656 PMCID: PMC9966875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-histone chromatin binding protein High Mobility Group AT-hook protein 2 (HMGA2) has important functions in chromatin remodeling, and genome maintenance and protection. Expression of HMGA2 is highest in embryonic stem cells, declines during cell differentiation and cell aging, but it is re-expressed in some cancers, where high HMGA2 expression frequently coincides with a poor prognosis. The nuclear functions of HMGA2 cannot be explained by binding to chromatin alone but involve complex interactions with other proteins that are incompletely understood. The present study used biotin proximity labeling, followed by proteomic analysis, to identify the nuclear interaction partners of HMGA2. We tested two different biotin ligase HMGA2 constructs (BioID2 and miniTurbo) with similar results, and identified known and new HMGA2 interaction partners, with functionalities mainly in chromatin biology. These HMGA2 biotin ligase fusion constructs offer exciting new possibilities for interactome discovery research, enabling the monitoring of nuclear HMGA2 interactomes during drug treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gaudreau-Lapierre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hannah Nicolas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-3982; Fax: +1-204-789-3920
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Comparison of Physicochemical, Mechanical, and (Micro-)Biological Properties of Sintered Scaffolds Based on Natural- and Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Supplemented with Selected Dopants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094692. [PMID: 35563084 PMCID: PMC9101299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific combinations of materials and dopants presented in this work have not been previously described. The main goal of the presented work was to prepare and compare the different properties of newly developed composite materials manufactured by sintering. The synthetic- (SHAP) or natural- (NHAP) hydroxyapatite serves as a matrix and was doped with: (i) organic: multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), fullerenes C60, (ii) inorganic: Cu nanowires. Research undertaken was aimed at seeking novel candidates for bone replacement biomaterials based on hydroxyapatite—the main inorganic component of bone, because bone reconstructive surgery is currently mostly carried out with the use of autografts; titanium or other non-hydroxyapatite -based materials. The physicomechanical properties of the developed biomaterials were tested by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dielectric Spectroscopy (BSD), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), as well as microhardness using Vickers method. The results showed that despite obtaining porous sinters. The highest microhardness was achieved for composite materials based on NHAP. Based on NMR spectroscopy, residue organic substances could be observed in NHAP composites, probably due to the organic structures that make up the tooth. Microbiology investigations showed that the selected samples exhibit bacteriostatic properties against Gram-positive reference bacterial strain S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228); however, the property was much less pronounced against Gram-negative reference strain E. coli (ATCC 25922). Both NHAP and SHAP, as well as their doped derivates, displayed in good general compatibility, with the exception of Cu-nanowire doped derivates.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cui J, Dean D, Hornicek FJ, Yi G, Duan Z. Expression and Clinical Significance of High-Mobility Group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in Osteosarcoma. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:955-966. [PMID: 35388973 PMCID: PMC9087380 DOI: 10.1111/os.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) has been shown to have crucial roles in the pathogenesis and metastasis of various malignancies, its expression and significance in osteosarcoma remain unknown. Here we evaluate the expression, clinical prognostic value, and overall function of HMGA2 in osteosarcoma. Methods Sixty‐nine osteosarcoma patient specimens within a tissue microarray (TMA) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for HMGA2 expression. Demographics and clinicopathological information including age, gender, tumor location, metastasis, recurrence, chemotherapy response, follow‐up time, and disease status were also collected. After validation of expression, we determined whether there was a correlation between HMGA2 expression and patient clinicopathology. HMGA2 expression was also evaluated in osteosarcoma cell lines and patient tissues by Western blot, we analyzed the expression of HMGA2 in the human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63, 143B, U2OS, Saos‐2, MNNG/HOS, and KHOS. HMGA2‐specific siRNA and clonogenic assays were then used to determine the effect of HMGA2 inhibition on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, growth, and chemosensitivity. Results HMGA2 expression was elevated in the osteosarcoma patient specimens and human osteosarcoma cell lines. HMGA2 was differentially expressed in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Specifically, a relatively high expression of HMGA2 was present in KHOS, MNNG/HOS, 143B and a relatively low expression was in MG63, U2OS as well as Saos‐2. HMGA2 expression is correlated with metastasis and shorter overall survival. High HMGA2 expression is an independent predictor of poor osteosarcoma prognosis. There was no significant correlation between HMGA2 expression and the age, gender, or tumor site of the patient. HMGA2 expression is predominantly within the nucleus. The expression of HMGA2 also directly correlated to neoadjuvant chemoresistance. There was a significant reduction of HMGA2 expression in the siRNA transfection group. After the use of siRNA, the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells is decreased and the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells is significantly increased. Conclusion Our study supports HMGA2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dylan Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guoliang Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
HMGB3 promotes PARP inhibitor resistance through interacting with PARP1 in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:263. [PMID: 35332131 PMCID: PMC8948190 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) resistance remains a therapeutic challenge in ovarian cancer. High-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) plays significant roles in the development of drug resistance of many cancers. However, the function of HMGB3 in PARPi resistance is poorly understood. In the current study, we clarified that HMGB3 was aberrantly overexpressed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) tissues, and high HMGB3 levels indicated shorter overall survival and drug resistance in HGSOC. The overexpression of HMGB3 increased the insensitivity of ovarian cancer to PARPi, whereas HMGB3 knockdown reduced PARPi resistance. Mechanistically, PARP1 was identified as a novel interaction partner of HMGB3, which could be blocked using olaparib and was enhanced upon DNA damage conditions. We further showed that loss of HMGB3 induced PARP1 trapping at DNA lesions and inhibited the PARylation activity of PARP1, resulting in an increased DNA damage response and cell apoptosis. The PARPi-resistant role of HMGB3 was also verified in a xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, HMGB3 promoted PARPi resistance via interacting with PARP1, and the targeted inhibition of HMGB3 might overcome PARPi resistance in ovarian cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan J, Dai P, Qin X, He Y, Zhang Y. HMGA2 promotes the migration and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells and HMGA2 knockdown inhibits angiogenesis via targeting VEGFA. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:54. [PMID: 34913073 PMCID: PMC8711027 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) protein has been found to be upregulated in the majority of tumor types and is associated with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have suggested the oncogenic role of HMGA2 in gallbladder cancer (GBC). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of HMGA2 on the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of GBC cells. To achieve this aim, HMGA2 was overexpressed or silenced in the GBC cell line, EH-GB1, and then the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) abilities of EH-GB1 cells were investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, Transwell and western blotting assays. In addition, the expression levels of VEGFA were determined in EH-GB1 cells using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR following HMGA2 overexpression or silencing. Furthermore, HMGA2-silenced EH-GB1 cells were transfected with VEGFA overexpression plasmids to evaluate the tube formation ability of HUVECs using tube formation assay. The results demonstrated that HMGA2 silencing inhibited GBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, as evidenced by the downregulated expression of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, MMP2, MMP9, N-cadherin, snail family transcriptional repressor 2 and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1, and attenuated cell migration and invasion. However, the opposite results were obtained following HMGA2 overexpression. Moreover, HMGA2 knockdown and overexpression downregulated and upregulated VEGFA expression, respectively. In addition, the tube formation ability of HUVECs and the expression levels of CD31, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were downregulated following HMGA2 silencing. However, these effects were partially rescued by simultaneous VEGFA overexpression. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that HMGA2 may promote GBC cell migration, invasion, EMT and angiogenesis. Therefore, inhibiting HMGA2 expression could be considered as a possible therapeutic approach for GBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Peng Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Xueliang Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Yanping He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang P, Zhang L, Yin S, Xu Y, Tai S, Zhang LI, Liang C. hsa_circ_0062019 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells via the miR-195-5p/HMGA2 axis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:815-822. [PMID: 33978716 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new class of non-coding RNA. It was reported that circRNA involves in the metastasis of cancer. The aim of this study is to explore the role and mechanism of circRNA hsa_circ_0062019 in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Our results showed that hsa_circ_0062019 was highly expressed in PCa cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay revealed that upregulation of hsa_circ_0062019 boosted PCa cell proliferation, and silencing of hsa_circ_0062019 inhibited cell proliferation. Meanwhile, transwell assay proved that upregulation of hsa_circ_0062019 facilitated PCa cell invasion and migration, while downregulation of hsa_circ_0062019 inhibited these malignant phenotypes. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay proved the binding of hsa_circ_0062019 with miR-195-5p and the binding between miR-195-5p and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), suggesting that hsa_circ_0062019 promoted the expression of HMGA2 by sponging miR-195-5p. In addition, our results revealed that the hsa_circ_0062019-induced PCa cell malignant phenotypes were notably reversed by the downregulation of HMGA2. Overall, our study demonstrated that hsa_circ_0062019 promoted PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via upregulation of HMGA2 expression by sponging miR-195-5p. Our study proved a novel molecular mechanism of PCa development and provided a potential target for the treatment of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ligang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shuiping Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuchen Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - L i Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deng X, Kong F, Li S, Jiang H, Dong L, Xu X, Zhang X, Yuan H, Xu Y, Chu Y, Peng H, Guan M. A KLF4/PiHL/EZH2/HMGA2 regulatory axis and its function in promoting oxaliplatin-resistance of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:485. [PMID: 33986248 PMCID: PMC8119946 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as a new class of regulatory molecules implicated in therapeutic resistance, yet the mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) are poorly understood. In this study, lncRNA P53 inHibiting LncRNA (PiHL) was shown to be highly induced in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells and tumor tissues. In vitro and in vivo models clarified PiHL’s role in conferring resistance to oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis. PiHL antagonized chemosensitivity through binding with EZH2, repressing location of EZH2 to HMGA2 promoter, and downregulating methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) level in HMGA2 promoter, thus activating HMGA2 expression. Furthermore, HMGA2 upregulation induced by PiHL promotes PI3K/Akt phosphorylation, which resulted in increased oxaliplatin resistance. We also found that transcription factor KLF4 was downregulated in oxaliplatin-resistant cells, and KLF4 negatively regulated PiHL expression by binding to PiHL promoter. In vivo models further demonstrated that treatment of oxaliplatin-resistant CRC with locked nucleic acids targeting PiHL restored oxaliplatin response. Collectively, this study established lncRNA PiHL as a chemoresistance promoter in CRC, and targeting PiHL/EZH2/HMGA2/PI3K/Akt signaling axis represents a novel choice in the investigation of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 222300, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Haoqin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Liu Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinju Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yimin Chu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Haixia Peng
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Influence of Kv11.1 (hERG1) K + channel expression on DNA damage induced by the genotoxic agent methyl methanesulfonate. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:197-217. [PMID: 33452554 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Besides their crucial role in cell electrogenesis and maintenance of basal membrane potential, the voltage-dependent K+ channel Kv11.1/hERG1 shows an essential impact in cell proliferation and other processes linked to the maintenance of tumour phenotype. To check the possible influence of channel expression on DNA damage responses, HEK293 cells, treated with the genotoxic agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), were compared with those of a HEK-derived cell line (H36), permanently transfected with the Kv11.1-encoding gene, and with a third cell line (T2) obtained under identical conditions as H36, by permanent transfection of another unrelated plasma membrane protein encoding gene. In addition, to gain some insights about the canonical/conduction-dependent channel mechanisms that might be involved, the specific erg channel inhibitor E4031 was used as a tool. Our results indicate that the expression of Kv11.1 does not influence MMS-induced changes in cell cycle progression, because no differences were found between H36 and T2 cells. However, the canonical ion conduction function of the channel appeared to be associated with decreased cell viability at low/medium MMS concentrations. Moreover, direct DNA damage measurements, using the comet assay, demonstrated for the first time that Kv11.1 conduction activity was able to modify MMS-induced DNA damage, decreasing it particularly at high MMS concentration, in a way related to PARP1 gene expression. Finally, our data suggest that the canonical Kv11.1 effects may be relevant for tumour cell responses to anti-tumour therapies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hudecki A, Wolany W, Likus W, Markowski J, Wilk R, Kolano-Burian A, Łuczak K, Zorychta M, Kawecki M, Łos MJ. Orbital reconstruction - applied materials, therapeutic agents and clinical problems of restoration of defects. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173766. [PMID: 33249074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of large cavities in the skull and facial regions is important not only to restore health but also for the correction of facial distortions. Every visible deformity in the facial region of the patient affects their mental wellness and perception by society, entailing both, deterioration of health, but also a decrease in the performance in society, which translates into its productivity. With the progressive degradation of the natural environment, cancer, in the coming years, will be on the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The review focuses on two main aspects: (i) the causes of injuries leading to the necessity of removal of orbital cavities occupied by the tumor and then their reconstruction, with the focus on the anatomical structure of the orbital cavity, (ii) the materials used to reconstruct the orbital cavities and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. The manuscript also underlines the not yet fully met challenges in the area of facial- and craniofacial reconstruction in people affected by cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Hudecki
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Wirginia Likus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Markowski
- Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Renata Wilk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Marek Kawecki
- University of Bielsko-Biala, Faculty of Heath Science, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Poland; and Linkocare Life Sciences AB, Linkoping, Gliwice, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pegoraro S, Ros G, Sgubin M, Petrosino S, Zambelli A, Sgarra R, Manfioletti G. Targeting the intrinsically disordered architectural High Mobility Group A (HMGA) oncoproteins in breast cancer: learning from the past to design future strategies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:953-969. [PMID: 32970506 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1814738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most difficult breast cancer subtype to treat because of its heterogeneity and lack of specific therapeutic targets. High Mobility Group A (HMGA) proteins are chromatin architectural factors that have multiple oncogenic functions in breast cancer, and they represent promising molecular therapeutic targets for this disease. AREAS COVERED We offer an overview of the strategies that have been exploited to counteract HMGA oncoprotein activities at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We also present the possibility of targeting cancer-associated factors that lie downstream of HMGA proteins and discuss the contribution of HMGA proteins to chemoresistance. EXPERT OPINION Different strategies have been exploited to counteract HMGA protein activities; these involve interfering with their nucleic acid binding properties and the blocking of HMGA expression. Some approaches have provided promising results. However, some unique characteristics of the HMGA proteins have not been exploited; these include their extensive protein-protein interaction network and their intrinsically disordered status that present the possibility that HMGA proteins could be involved in the formation of proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLO) by liquid-liquid phase separation. These unexplored characteristics could open new pharmacological avenues to counteract the oncogenic contributions of HMGA proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pegoraro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Gloria Ros
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Sgubin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Petrosino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reprogramming and transdifferentiation - two key processes for regenerative medicine. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173202. [PMID: 32562801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine based on transplants obtained from donors or foetal and new-born mesenchymal stem cells, encounter important obstacles such as limited availability of organs, ethical issues and immune rejection. The growing demand for therapeutic methods for patients being treated after serious accidents, severe organ dysfunction and an increasing number of cancer surgeries, exceeds the possibilities of the therapies that are currently available. Reprogramming and transdifferentiation provide powerful bioengineering tools. Both procedures are based on the somatic differentiated cells, which are easily and unlimitedly available, like for example: fibroblasts. During the reprogramming procedure mature cells are converted into pluripotent cells - which are capable to differentiate into almost any kind of desired cells. Transdifferentiation directly converts differentiated cells of one type into another differentiated cells type. Both procedures allow to obtained patient's dedicated cells for therapeutic purpose in regenerative medicine. In combination with biomaterials, it is possible to obtain even whole anatomical structures. Those patient's dedicated structures may serve for them upon serious accidents with massive tissue damage but also upon cancer surgeries as a replacement of damaged organ. Detailed information about reprogramming and transdifferentiation procedures as well as the current state of the art are presented in our review.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lombard AP, Gao AC. Resistance Mechanisms to Taxanes and PARP Inhibitors in Advanced Prostate Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 10:16-22. [PMID: 32258820 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical landscape concerning advanced prostate cancer is rapidly changing and reaching beyond androgen deprivation therapy and androgen receptor targeted therapies. Taxane chemotherapy is a critical tool in the management of advanced prostate cancer. Additionally, novel drug classes such as PARP inhibitors are being investigated. Despite tremendous progress, resistance to therapy remains as a major impediment to further improvement. Resistance mechanisms appear diverse and are not fully known or understood. This review will highlight recent advances in research regarding mechanisms of resistance to both taxanes (such as increased drug efflux capacity) and PARP inhibitors (such as reversion mutations which restore DNA-repair proficiency). Understanding resistance to therapy promises to remove barriers blocking progress toward improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Lombard
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun C, Cao W, Qiu C, Li C, Dongol S, Zhang Z, Dong R, Song K, Yang X, Zhang Q, Kong B. MiR-509-3 augments the synthetic lethality of PARPi by regulating HR repair in PDX model of HGSOC. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:9. [PMID: 32005272 PMCID: PMC6995078 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-0844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PARP inhibitors have been the most promising target drugs with widely proven benefits among ovarian cancer patients. Although platinum-response, HR-related genes, or HRD genomic scar detection are acceptably used in assessment of Olaparib response, there are still evident limitations in the present approaches. Therefore, we aim to investigate more accurate approaches to predict Olaparib sensitivity and effective synergistic treatment strategies. METHODS We probed two databases (TCGA and Qilu Hospital) in order to quest novel miRNAs associated with platinum-sensitivity or HR-related genes. Cellular experiments in vitro or in vivo and PDX models were utilized to validate their role in tumor suppression and Olaparib sensitizing. Furthermore, HR gene mutation was analyzed through WES to explore the relation between HR gene mutation and Olaparib response. RESULTS High miR-509-3 expression indicated better response to platinum and longer progression-free and overall survival in two independent ovarian cancer patient cohorts (high vs. low miR-509-3 expression; PFS: TCGA P < 0.05, Qilu P < 0.05; OS: TCGA P < 0.05, Qilu P < 0.01). MiR-509-3 could impair the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability but enhance the sensitivity to Olaparib of ovarian cancer cell in vitro and in vivo by directly targeting HMGA2 and RAD51. In two PDX cases (PDX1 and PDX9), miR-509-3 could significantly increase the sensitivity to Olaparib along with the decrease of RAD51 positive rate (mean tumor weight NC + Olaparib vs. miR-509 + Olaparib; PDX1 P < 0.05, PDX9 P < 0.05). Additionally, in PDX8, miR-509-3 treatment dramatically reversed the Olaparib insensitivity (P < 0.05) by downregulating RAD51 expression. RAD51 functional detection revealed that all Olaparib sensitive cases exhibited low RAD51 positive rate (lesser than 50%) in treated groups. Furthermore, among the four HR gene mutation patients, three harbored HR core gene mutation and were sensitive to Olaparib while the remaining one with non-HR core gene mutation did not respond well to Olaparib. CONCLUSIONS MiR-509-3 can sensitize ovarian cancer cells to Olaparib by impeding HR, which makes it a potential target in PARPi synergistic treatment. HR core gene analysis and RAD51 functional detection are prospectively feasible in prediction of PARPi response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Samina Dongol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifen Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahmed SM, Dröge P. Oncofetal HMGA2 attenuates genotoxic damage induced by topoisomerase II target compounds through the regulation of local DNA topology. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:2062-2078. [PMID: 31271486 PMCID: PMC6763970 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly dividing cells maintain chromatin supercoiling homeostasis via two specialized classes of enzymes, DNA topoisomerase type 1 and 2 (TOP1/2). Several important anticancer drugs perturb this homeostasis by targeting TOP1/2, thereby generating genotoxic DNA damage. Our recent studies indicated that the oncofetal chromatin structuring high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) protein plays an important role as a DNA replication fork chaperone in coping with DNA topological ramifications that occur during replication stress, both genomewide and at fragile sites such as subtelomeres. Intriguingly, a recent large‐scale clinical study identified HMGA2 expression as a sole predicting marker for relapse and poor clinical outcomes in 350 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients receiving combinatorial treatments that targeted TOP2 and replicative DNA synthesis. Here, we demonstrate that HMGA2 significantly enhanced the DNA supercoil relaxation activity of the drug target TOP2A and that this activator function is mechanistically linked to HMGA2's known ability to constrain DNA supercoils within highly compacted ternary complexes. Furthermore, we show that HMGA2 significantly reduced genotoxic DNA damage in each tested cancer cell model during treatment with the TOP2A poison etoposide or the catalytic TOP2A inhibitor merbarone. Taken together with the recent clinical data obtained with AML patients targeted with TOP2 poisons, our study suggests a novel mechanism of cancer chemoresistance toward combination therapies administering TOP2 poisons or inhibitors. We therefore strongly argue for the future implementation of trials of HMGA2 expression profiling to stratify patients before finalizing clinical treatment regimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Moiz Ahmed
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Dröge
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang S, Mo Q, Wang X. Oncological role of HMGA2 (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:775-788. [PMID: 31432151 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein is a non‑histone architectural transcription factor that modulates the transcription of several genes by binding to AT‑rich sequences in the minor groove of B‑form DNA and alters the chromatin structure. As a result, HMGA2 influences a variety of biological processes, including the cell cycle process, DNA damage repair process, apoptosis, senescence, epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and telomere restoration. In addition, the overexpression of HMGA2 is a feature of malignancy, and its elevated expression in human cancer predicts the efficacy of certain chemotherapeutic agents. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the detection of HMGA2 can be used as a routine procedure in clinical tumour analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Mo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|