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Miller P, Baldwin R, Coomber K, Nixon B, Taylor N, Hayley A, de Andrade D. The association of childhood physical abuse, masculinity, intoxication, trait aggression with victimization in nightlife districts. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105396. [PMID: 34814087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk intoxication, trait aggression and conformity to masculine norms are associated with increased risk of barroom aggression; however, less is understood regarding the factors associated with victimization in the night-time environment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the influence of childhood physical abuse, high-risk intoxication, conformity to masculine norms and trait aggression on physical and/or verbal victimization in the night-time environment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A sample of N = 490 patrons aged 18-50 years (M = 23.02, SD = 5.89, 58.8% female) were recruited in Fortitude Valley and West End district, Queensland. METHOD Participants completed a street interview, including breathalyser, and a follow-up online survey asking about experiences of aggression on the night of interview, experiences of childhood physical abuse and psychosocial correlates. RESULTS For males, but not females, childhood physical abuse (OR = 3.98) increased the risk of physical and/or verbal victimization. Conformity to the masculine norm of Winning (OR = 0.21) was protective against physical and/or verbal victimization for males, and trait aggression (OR = 1.51) was significantly associated with increased risk of physical and/or verbal victimization for females. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to the growing literature surrounding the long-term impacts of childhood physical abuse, demonstrating experiences of childhood physical abuse are significantly associated with victimization in the night-time economy. The current findings should be taken into consideration when constructing public policy or directed interventions, to help reduce aggression and violence in the night-time economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Miller
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia.
| | - Ryan Baldwin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | | | - Bowman Nixon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | | | - Alexa Hayley
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
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Male Barroom Aggression among Members of the Australian Construction Industry: Associations with Heavy Episodic Drinking, Trait Variables and Masculinity Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136769. [PMID: 34202511 PMCID: PMC8297199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Past research indicates heavy episodic drinking (HED), trait aggression, male honour and conformity to masculine norms are risk factors for male barroom aggression (MBA) perpetration. However, little is known about the impact of these variables on experiences of MBA victimization. Further, data derived previously, particularly in relation to perpetration have come from relatively low-risk samples comprising university students, limiting the generalizability of findings to other, at-risk male groups. Thus, the present study assessed the impact of the aforementioned variables as well as personality constructs of impulsivity and narcissism on both the perpetration of and victimization from MBA among a high-risk sample sourced from male members of the Australian construction industry. Method: A purposive sample of Australian male construction workers aged 18 to 69 years (n = 476, Mage = 25.90, SDage = 9.44) completed individual interviews at their current place of employment or while training at various trade schools in Geelong and Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Items related to past month HED, past year experiences of verbal and physical MBA (perpetration and victimization), trait aggression’s four factors (physical, verbal, anger, hostility), impulsivity, narcissism, male honour and conformity to masculine norms. Results: Participants reported high levels of verbal (24.2%) and physical (21%) MBA perpetration and verbal (33.6%) and physical (31.1%) MBA victimization. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses identified HED as the strongest predictor of aggression involvement, while trait physical aggression, trait anger, narcissism and conformity to norms endorsing violence and a need to win were significantly and positively associated with MBA perpetration. Conclusions: The present study reinforces the key relationships between heavy drinking and aspects of personality and MBA, while also highlighting narcissism as a risk factor for barroom aggression perpetration. Indeed, personality profiles and HED appear to exert stronger influences on MBA perpetration than socially constructed masculinity factors, most of which were unrelated to aggression involvement in bars, clubs or pubs.
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Zhang Q, Cao Y, Gao J, Yang X, Rost DH, Cheng G, Teng Z, Espelage DL. Effects of cartoon violence on aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:489-497. [PMID: 30957878 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on an experiment designed to test whether the cartoon manipulation leads to significant increases in aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors among Chinese children (n = 3,000). Results indicated that brief exposure to a violent cartoon triggered higher aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors than a nonviolent cartoon. Females displayed higher aggressive thoughts and aggressive behaviors than males in a nonviolent cartoon condition, while males displayed higher aggressive behaviors than females in a violent cartoon condition. Mediation analysis suggested that the effect on aggressive behaviors was mediated by aggressive thoughts. The findings imply that cartoon developers, parents, and teachers should develop cartoons that inhibit children's aggressive thoughts to avoid aggressive behaviors. Females are the key group for the prevention and intervention of aggression in a nonviolent cartoon context, while males are the key group for the prevention and intervention of aggression in a violent cartoon context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Minorities in Southwest China Southwest University Chongqing China
- Faculty of Education Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Yi Cao
- Faculty of Education Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - JingYa Gao
- Faculty of Education Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Faculty of Education Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Detlef H. Rost
- Faculty of Psychology Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
- Department of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Gang Cheng
- College of Education Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China
| | - ZhaoJun Teng
- Department of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
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Khouja JN, Attwood AS, Penton-Voak IS, Munafò MR. Effects of acute alcohol consumption on emotion recognition in social alcohol drinkers. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:326-334. [PMID: 30717614 PMCID: PMC6404104 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118822169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that acute alcohol consumption alters recognition of emotional expressions. Extending this work, we investigated the effects of alcohol on recognition of six primary expressions of emotion. METHODS We conducted two studies using a 2 × 6 experimental design with a between-subjects factor of drink (alcohol, placebo) and a within-subjects factor of emotion (anger, disgust, sadness, surprise, happiness, fear). Study one ( n = 110) was followed by a direct replication study ( n = 192). Participants completed a six alternative forced choice emotion recognition task following consumption of 0.4 g/kg alcohol or placebo. Dependent variables were recognition accuracy (i.e. hits) and false alarms. RESULTS There was no clear evidence of differences in recognition accuracy between groups ( ps > .58). In study one, there were more false alarms for anger in the alcohol compared to placebo group ( n = 52 and 56, respectively; t(94.6) = 2.26, p = .024, d = .44) and fewer false alarms for happiness ( t(106) = -2.42, p = .017, d = -.47). However, no clear evidence for these effects was found in study two (alcohol group n = 96, placebo group n = 93, ps > .22). When the data were combined we observed weak evidence of an effect of alcohol on false alarms of anger ( t(295) = 2.25, p = .025, d = .26). CONCLUSIONS These studies find weak support for biased anger perception following acute alcohol consumption in social consumers, which could have implications for alcohol-related aggression. Future research should investigate the robustness of this effect, particularly in individuals high in trait aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine N Khouja
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit,
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,School of Psychological Science,
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol
Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,Jasmine N Khouja, School of Psychological
Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.
| | - Angela S Attwood
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit,
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,School of Psychological Science,
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol
Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit,
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,School of Psychological Science,
University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol
Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Zinkiewicz L, Smith G, Burn M, Litherland S, Wells S, Graham K, Miller P. Aggression-related alcohol expectancies and barroom aggression among construction tradespeople. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 35:549-56. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Smith
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | - Michele Burn
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | | | - Samantha Wells
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
- Department of Social and Epidemiological Research; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Department of Psychology; Western University; London Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Western University; London Canada
| | - Kathryn Graham
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
- Department of Social and Epidemiological Research; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Department of Psychology; Western University; London Canada
- National Drug Research Institute; Curtin University of Technology; Perth Australia
| | - Peter Miller
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
- Department of Social and Epidemiological Research; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Canada
- National Drug Research Institute; Curtin University of Technology; Perth Australia
- National Addiction Centre, Maudsley Hospital/Institute of Psychiatry; King's College London; London UK
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Attwood AS, Munafò MR. Effects of acute alcohol consumption and processing of emotion in faces: Implications for understanding alcohol-related aggression. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:719-32. [PMID: 24920135 PMCID: PMC4962899 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114536476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The negative consequences of chronic alcohol abuse are well known, but heavy episodic consumption ("binge drinking") is also associated with significant personal and societal harms. Aggressive tendencies are increased after alcohol but the mechanisms underlying these changes are not fully understood. While effects on behavioural control are likely to be important, other effects may be involved given the widespread action of alcohol. Altered processing of social signals is associated with changes in social behaviours, including aggression, but until recently there has been little research investigating the effects of acute alcohol consumption on these outcomes. Recent work investigating the effects of acute alcohol on emotional face processing has suggested reduced sensitivity to submissive signals (sad faces) and increased perceptual bias towards provocative signals (angry faces) after alcohol consumption, which may play a role in alcohol-related aggression. Here we discuss a putative mechanism that may explain how alcohol consumption influences emotional processing and subsequent aggressive responding, via disruption of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-amygdala connectivity. While the importance of emotional processing on social behaviours is well established, research into acute alcohol consumption and emotional processing is still in its infancy. Further research is needed and we outline a research agenda to address gaps in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Attwood
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Bristol, UK School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Bristol, UK School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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JOHANSSON ADA, SANTTILA PEKKA, CORANDER JUKKA, JERN PATRICK, PAHLEN BETTINAVONDER, VARJONEN MARKUS, SANDNABBA KENNETH. Controlling anger in self-reported sober and alcohol intoxicated states: Moderating effects of trait anger and alcohol consumption. Scand J Psychol 2011; 52:382-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Genetic effects on anger control and their interaction with alcohol intoxication: a self-report study. Biol Psychol 2010; 85:291-8. [PMID: 20688132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in anger control are important to consider when trying to understand intoxicated aggression (Parrott and Giancola, 2004). We explored, first, genetic and environmental effects on anger control both in self-reported sober and alcohol intoxicated states, and whether the same genetic and environmental effects influence it in both these states, and second, a possible interaction between genetic effects and alcohol in the control of anger. In the population based sample (N=8964) of Finnish twins (18-33 years) and their siblings (18 years or older), genetic effects on anger control were found both for the self-reported sober (27% for men, 34% for women) and alcohol intoxicated states (29% for men, 37% for women), with high genetic correlations (from .77 to .85) between these states. Genetic effects (26% for men, 29% for women) were also found for the difference in anger control between the self-reported sober and alcohol intoxicated states, suggesting the effect of alcohol on anger control depends on the genotype of the individual.
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