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Zuckerman I, Laufer I, Mizrahi D. Corrigendum: Attachment style, emotional feedback, and neural processing: investigating the influence of attachment on the P200 and P400 components of event-related potentials. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1406968. [PMID: 38646160 PMCID: PMC11026654 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1406968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1249978.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Inon Zuckerman
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ilan Laufer
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Dor Mizrahi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Vásquez CE, Knak Guerra KT, Renner J, Rasia-Filho AA. Morphological heterogeneity of neurons in the human central amygdaloid nucleus. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25319. [PMID: 38629777 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA) has an ancient phylogenetic development and functions relevant for animal survival. Local cells receive intrinsic amygdaloidal information that codes emotional stimuli of fear, integrate them, and send cortical and subcortical output projections that prompt rapid visceral and social behavior responses. We aimed to describe the morphology of the neurons that compose the human CeA (N = 8 adult men). Cells within CeA coronal borders were identified using the thionine staining and were further analyzed using the "single-section" Golgi method followed by open-source software procedures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional image reconstructions. Our results evidenced varied neuronal cell body features, number and thickness of primary shafts, dendritic branching patterns, and density and shape of dendritic spines. Based on these criteria, we propose the existence of 12 morphologically different spiny neurons in the human CeA and discuss the variability in the dendritic architecture within cellular types, including likely interneurons. Some dendritic shafts were long and straight, displayed few collaterals, and had planar radiation within the coronal neuropil volume. Most of the sampled neurons showed a few to moderate density of small stubby/wide spines. Long spines (thin and mushroom) were observed occasionally. These novel data address the synaptic processing and plasticity in the human CeA. Our morphological description can be combined with further transcriptomic, immunohistochemical, and electrophysiological/connectional approaches. It serves also to investigate how neurons are altered in neurological and psychiatric disorders with hindered emotional perception, in anxiety, following atrophy in schizophrenia, and along different stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Vásquez
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kétlyn T Knak Guerra
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Josué Renner
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology and Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alberto A Rasia-Filho
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology and Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Qu S, Li R, Wang J. Increased sensitivity for negative emotional images in individuals with problematic pornography use. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1287455. [PMID: 38605833 PMCID: PMC11007122 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1287455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the frequent comorbidity of affective and addictive disorders, the significance of affective dysregulation in problematic pornography use (PPU) is commonly disregarded. The objective of this study is to investigate whether individuals with PPU demonstrate increased sensitivity to negative emotional stimuli in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). Methods Electrophysiological responses were captured via event-related potentials (ERPs) from 27 individuals with PPU and 29 HCs. They completed an oddball task involving the presentation of deviant stimuli in the form of highly negative (HN), moderately negative (MN), and neutral images, with a standard stimulus being a neutral kettle image. To evaluate participants' subjective feelings of valence and arousal, the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) was employed. Results Regarding subjective evaluations, individuals with PPU indicated diminished valence ratings for HN images as opposed to HCs. Concerning electrophysiological assessments, those with PPU manifested elevated N2 amplitudes in response to both HN and MN images when contrasted against neutral images. Additionally, PPU participants displayed an intensified P3 response to HN images in contrast to MN images, a distinction not evident within the HCs. Discussion These outcomes suggest that individuals with PPU exhibited heightened reactivity toward negative stimuli. This increased sensitivity to negative cues could potentially play a role in the propensity of PPU individuals to resort to pornography as a coping mechanism for managing stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Qu
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiyu Li
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Applied Psychology Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ciricugno A, Ferrari C, Battelli L, Cattaneo Z. A chronometric study of the posterior cerebellum's function in emotional processing. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00310-5. [PMID: 38565141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The posterior cerebellum is a recently discovered hub of the affective and social brain, with different subsectors contributing to different social functions. However, very little is known about when the posterior cerebellum plays a critical role in social processing. Due to its location and anatomy, it has been difficult to use traditional approaches to directly study the chronometry of the cerebellum. To address this gap in cerebellar knowledge, here we investigated the causal contribution of the posterior cerebellum to social processing using a chronometric transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) approach. We show that the posterior cerebellum is recruited at an early stage of emotional processing (starting from 100 ms after stimulus onset), simultaneously with the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a key node of the social brain. Moreover, using a condition-and-perturb TMS approach, we found that the recruitment of the pSTS in emotional processing is dependent on cerebellar activation. Our results are the first to shed light on chronometric aspects of cerebellar function and its causal functional connectivity with other nodes of the social brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciricugno
- IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, Pavia 27100, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferrari
- IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino, Pavia 27100, Italy; Department of Humanities, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 6, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Lorella Battelli
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Kirstein Building KS 158, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, Rovereto 38068, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Piazzale S. Agostino 2, Bergamo 24129, Italy.
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Mohammadi Z, Dehghani M, Fathali Lavasani F, Farahani H, Ashouri A. A network analysis of ICD-11 Complex PTSD, emotional processing, and dissociative experiences in the context of psychological trauma at different developmental stages. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1372620. [PMID: 38532985 PMCID: PMC10963615 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1372620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Traumatic experiences are a significant risk factor for psychological disturbances, including disorders such as complex posttraumatic stress disorder, emotion-processing problems, and trauma-related dissociative experiences. The present investigation examined the coexistence of these symptoms using a network analysis model. Method This study included a sample of 406 people referred to comprehensive health centers in Tehran from September to December 2023 with psychopathological syndromes. Variables were assessed using The International Trauma Questionnaire, International Measurement of Exposure to Traumatic Event checklist, Baker Emotional Processing Questionnaire, and Dissociative Experiences. A regularized partial correlation network and Glasso algorithm, in combination with Extended Bayesian information criteria, were applied to estimate the network structure. Results Signs of unprocessed emotions and disturbance in self-organization symptoms were the most important symptoms in the symptom network, forming strong connections with other nodes. Thereby, these two symptoms can be regarded as the most important clinical manifestations in the symptom network following traumatic experiences. Three distinct symptom communities were identified: the community of traumatic experiences (childhood, adolescence, adulthood), the community of dissociative experiences (amnesia, depersonalization/derealization, and absorption), and the community of emotional processing (suppression, unpleasant emotional experience, Signs of unprocessed emotions, avoidance, and emotional control, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and disturbance in self-organization symptoms). The strongest edges observed were between childhood trauma-adolescence trauma (0.473) in the community of traumatic experiences, between amnesia and depersonalization/derealization (0.644) in the community of dissociative experiences, and between disturbance in self-organization symptoms and unprocessed emotions (0.324) in the community of emotional processing, indicating the recurrent occurrence of these symptoms. Conclusion In this study, disturbance in self-organization symptoms was identified as the central psychopathologic symptom in individuals experiencing traumas at different developmental stages. It seems that adolescent trauma and not childhood trauma plays a more decisive role in the symptoms that a person manifests after traumatic experiences. Also, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and disturbance in self-organization symptoms were recognized in the cluster of emotional processing symptoms and can have substantial roles in prioritizing therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Dehghani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ashouri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Erickson JA, O'Brien BC, Nouri S. How Primary Care Clinicians Process Patient Death: Logistics, Emotions, and Opportunities for Structural Support. J Gen Intern Med 2024:10.1007/s11606-024-08702-0. [PMID: 38459411 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Navigating the logistics and emotional processing of a patient's death is an inevitable part of many physicians' roles. While research has primarily examined how inpatient clinicians cope with patient loss, little work has explored how primary care clinicians (PCCs) handle patient death in the outpatient setting, and what support resources could help PCCs process loss. OBJECTIVE To explore PCCs' experiences with the logistics and emotional processing of patient deaths and suggestions for supportive resources. DESIGN Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews conducted between March and May 2023. PARTICIPANTS Recruitment emails were sent to 136 PCCs (physicians and nurse practitioners) at three San Francisco academic primary care clinics. Twelve clinicians participated in the study. APPROACH This study used a template analysis approach. Interview transcripts were analyzed in an iterative fashion to identify themes for how PCCs navigate patient death. RESULTS Participants (n=12) described outpatient death notification as inconsistent, delayed, and rife with uncertainty regarding subsequent actions. They felt various emotions, notably sadness and guilt, especially with deaths of young, vulnerable patients or those from preventable illnesses. Participants identified strategies for emotional processing and recommended improvements including clear procedural guidance, peer debriefings, and formal acknowledgements of deceased patients. CONCLUSIONS Interviewing PCCs about their experiences following a patient death revealed key themes in logistical and emotional processing, and clinic resource recommendations to better support PCCs. Given the distinct characteristics of primary care-such as enduring patient relationships, greater isolation in ambulatory settings compared to inpatient environments, and rising burnout rates-enhancing guidance and support for PCCs is crucial to mitigate administrative burdens and grief after patient loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bridget C O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Faculty Educators, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Nouri
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Patino LR, Wilson AS, Tallman MJ, Blom TJ, DelBello MP, McNamara RK. Aberrant Neurofunctional Responses During Emotional and Attentional Processing Differentiate ADHD Youth With and Without a Family History of Bipolar I Disorder. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:820-833. [PMID: 38153098 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231215292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare neurofunctional responses in emotional and attentional networks of psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with and without familial risk for bipolar I disorder (BD). METHODS ADHD youth with (high-risk, HR, n = 48) and without (low-risk, LR, n = 50) a first-degree relative with BD and healthy controls (n = 46) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a continuous performance task with emotional distracters. Region-of-interest analyses were performed for bilateral amygdala (AMY), ventrolateral (VLPFC) and dorsolateral (DLPFC) prefrontal cortex, and anterior (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). RESULTS Compared with HC, HR, but not LR, exhibited predominantly left-lateralized AMY, VLPFC, DLPFC, PCC, and rostral ACC hyperactivation to emotional distractors, whereas LR exhibited right VLPFC and bilateral dorsal ACC hypoactivation to attentional targets. Regional responses correlated with emotional and attention symptoms. CONCLUSION Aberrant neurofunctional responses during emotional and attentional processing differentiate ADHD youth with and without a family history of BD and correlate with relevant symptoms ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas J Blom
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
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Gómez-Bujedo J, Dacosta-Sánchez D, Pérez-Moreno PJ, García García A, Díaz-Batanero C, Fernández-Calderón F, Delgado-Rico E, Moraleda-Barreno E. Comparison of Emotional Processing Between Patients with Substance Use Disorder and Those with Dual Diagnosis: Relationship with Severity of Dependence and Use During Treatment. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024; 56:97-108. [PMID: 36827487 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2181241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed, in a Spanish sample, the differences in emotional processing in patients diagnosed with substance use disorder (SUD) and patients with a dual diagnosis (DD), and tested whether alterations in emotional regulation were related to the severity of dependence and consumption during treatment. A descriptive follow-up study was conducted with 88 adult outpatients (83% men) who were receiving treatment for alcohol and cocaine SUD. Of the sample, 43.2% presented dual diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Emotional processing was assessed with the IAPS, and dependence severity with the SDSS. Consumption was determined with self-reports and toxicological tests. Regression analyses revealed that the DD group had more difficulties in identifying the valence and arousal of the images than patients with SUD. Patients with DD presented more difficulty in identifying images in which valence was manipulated, but not in those in which arousal was manipulated. Cocaine use during treatment was associated with difficulties in identifying unpleasant (U = 734.0; p < .05) and arousing (U = 723.5; p < .05) images. Although these results are preliminary, findings suggest that impaired emotional processing is aggravated in dual patients, although it may be a common transdiagnostic factor in SUD and other comorbid mental disorders. Findings highlight the importance of evaluating emotional regulation to better understand its possible role in the maintenance of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gómez-Bujedo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Pedro J Pérez-Moreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Díaz-Batanero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Fermín Fernández-Calderón
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Elena Delgado-Rico
- Department of Educational Psychology and Psychobiology, International University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Enrique Moraleda-Barreno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center in Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Wang J, Li H. Emotional processing deficits in individuals with problematic pornography use: Unpleasant bias and pleasant blunting. J Behav Addict 2023; 12:1046-1060. [PMID: 37921890 PMCID: PMC10786232 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims A growing body of evidence indicates a connection between emotional processes and the emergence and progression of addiction. However, scant research has examined the involvement of emotional processing within the framework of problematic pornography use (PPU). This study aimed to examine the electrophysiological and subjective differences in emotional processing between male individuals with PPU and healthy controls (HCs) following exposure to everyday affective images. Methods Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 42 PPU participants (mean age = 20.14 years, SD = 1.35) and 45 HCs (mean age = 20.04 years, SD = 1.45) during an oddball task, in which unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral images were presented as deviant stimuli, while a neutral kettle image served as the standard stimulus. The Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) was employed to assess participants' subjective experience on the dimensions of valence and arousal. Results Regarding subjective measures of emotion, individuals with PPU reported lower valence ratings for unpleasant images compared to HCs. In terms of electrophysiological measures of emotion, PPU participants reported larger P2 amplitudes for unpleasant pictures compared to both pleasant and neutral pictures. Moreover, HCs showed enhanced P3 amplitudes in response to pleasant images compared to neutral images, whereas this effect was not observed in PPU participants. Discussion and Conclusion These findings indicate that individuals with PPU may display deficits in emotional processing characterized by enhanced responsiveness to negative stimuli and attenuated responsiveness to positive stimuli. The heightened sensitivity to negative stimuli may contribute to the inclination of individuals with PPU to engage in pornography as a coping mechanism for stress regulation. Conversely, their diminished sensitivity to positive stimuli presents a challenge in seeking alternative natural rewards to counter potentially addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
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Linares R, Pelegrina S, Delgado-Rodríguez R. Emotional processing of math-related words in people with math anxiety. Anxiety Stress Coping 2023:1-16. [PMID: 38105540 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2295476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research exploring emotional responses to math-related words in individuals with math anxiety (MA) is scarce. Here, we examined MA participants' subjective emotional processing of math-related cues within Lang's bioinformational model of emotion to further understand the role of those cues in MA. METHODS In total, 41 high-MA and 32 low-MA undergraduates rated math-related words, along with neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant words, from the Affective Norms for English Words. The Self-Assessment Manikin was used to calculate valence, arousal, and dominance scores for each word. RESULTS The low-MA group rated math-related words as neutral on the three emotional scales, however, the high-MA group rated them lower and higher for valence and dominance than neutral and unpleasant words, respectively. Moreover, math-related words were rated as more and less activating than neutral and unpleasant words, respectively. The two groups significantly differed in scores on the three scales only for the math-related words. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that individuals with high MA show altered emotional processing of math-related words, experiencing them as moderately aversive and moderately activating. The findings emphasize that the altered emotional processing of words associated with math should be considered a symptom of MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Linares
- Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Jaén, España
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Wrede N, Töpfer NF, Wilz G. Between- and within-person effects of affective experiences on coping in CBT: Direct effects and interplay with therapeutic alliance and resource activation. Psychother Res 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37922397 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2277290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of affective experiences (AE) in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has rarely been investigated. We examined between- and within-person effects of AE on coping in CBT for family caregivers and interactions with therapeutic alliance and resource activation. METHODS 67 family caregivers rated AE, therapeutic alliance, resource activation, and coping after each of 12 sessions of telephone-based CBT. We examined direct session-to-session effects of AE on coping in structural equation modeling and interactions of AE with therapeutic alliance and resource activation in multilevel models. RESULTS AE did not directly predict coping. Instead, within-person effects of AE interacted with simultaneous within-person emotional bond. Given strong emotional bond, AE positively predicted coping, whereas given weak emotional bond, AE negatively predicted coping. Further, cross-level interactions of between-person AE and within-person agreement on collaboration and resource activation indicated that these positively predicted coping only in dyads with high between-person AE. CONCLUSION AE may enhance coping when complemented with strong emotional bond. Further, within-person effects of agreement on collaboration and resource activation seem to rely on a certain degree of between-person AE. Results are discussed in relation to current findings on emotional processing in CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wrede
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Counseling and Clinical Intervention, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nils F Töpfer
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Counseling and Clinical Intervention, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Wilz
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Counseling and Clinical Intervention, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Andrade K, Guieysse T, Medani T, Koechlin E, Pantazis D, Dubois B. The dual-path hypothesis for the emergence of anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1239057. [PMID: 38020610 PMCID: PMC10654627 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1239057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neurocognitive models have been proposed to explain anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the neural cascade responsible for its origin in the human brain remains unknown. Here, we build on a mechanistic dual-path hypothesis that brings error-monitoring and emotional processing systems as key elements for self-awareness, with distinct impacts on the emergence of anosognosia in AD. Proceeding from the notion of anosognosia as a dimensional syndrome, varying between a lack of concern about one's own deficits (i.e., anosodiaphoria) and a complete lack of awareness of deficits, our hypothesis states that (i) unawareness of deficits would result from primary damage to the error-monitoring system, whereas (ii) anosodiaphoria would more likely result from an imbalance between emotional processing and error-monitoring. In the first case, a synaptic failure in the error-monitoring system, in which the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices play a major role, would have a negative impact on error (or deficits) awareness, preventing patients from becoming aware of their condition. In the second case, an impairment in the emotional processing system, in which the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex play a major role, would prevent patients from monitoring the internal milieu for relevant errors (or deficits) and assigning appropriate value to them, thus biasing their impact on the error-monitoring system. Our hypothesis stems on two scientific premises. One comes from preliminary results in AD patients showing a synaptic failure in the error-monitoring system along with a decline of awareness for cognitive difficulties at the time of diagnosis. Another comes from the somatic marker hypothesis, which proposes that emotional signals are critical to adaptive behavior. Further exploration of these premises will be of great interest to illuminate the foundations of self-awareness and improve our knowledge of the underlying paths of anosognosia in AD and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Andrade
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guieysse
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Takfarinas Medani
- Signal and Image Processing Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Etienne Koechlin
- École Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Paris, France
| | - Dimitrios Pantazis
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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Lopez-Villatoro JM, Diaz-Marsa M, Garcia-Ramos A, Galvez-Merlin A, Carrasco JL. Altered emotional response pattern related to complex trauma in patients with borderline personality disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:1256-1263. [PMID: 37565308 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This work aims to demonstrate, through the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) responses, an altered emotional pattern in borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients and to find a specific emotional response pattern by understanding their relationship with traumatic experiences and attachment bonds towards their primary caregivers. METHOD A total of 50 BPD patients and 39 control patients were evaluated using the IAPS, and its assessment was carried out through the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). Paternal and maternal attachment bonds as well as traumatic experiences in BPD patients were evaluated. Statistical associations were analysed in the different variables. RESULTS Significant differences between BPD and control patients were found in all emotional response components for pleasant, unpleasant and neutral images (p < .01), with one exception, the arousal in pleasant images. Patients' experience of traumatic experiences was positively related to scores on the happiness component of pleasant imagery (p = .057) and on the arousal component of unpleasant imagery (p = .058). Poorer maternal bonding in BPD patients was significantly related to lower scores on happiness (p < .01) and dominance (p < .05) components of pleasant imagery and all emotional response components for unpleasant imagery (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS The results of the study confirm an impaired emotional response pattern in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), showing an emotional response to pleasant images similar to that of depression, while the pattern found to unpleasant images could be related to the complex trauma observed in these patients, which includes PTSD experiences such as sexual abuse and attachment trauma experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Lopez-Villatoro
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Diaz-Marsa
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Galvez-Merlin
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Carrasco
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Fastame MC, Carta V. Do cognitive reserve and executive functions matter to perform the reading the mind in the eyes test in late lifespan? Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2023; 30:696-704. [PMID: 34486449 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1972422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Theory of Mind (ToM) is the capacity to understand the feelings and emotional states (i.e., affective ToM) or intentions, goals, and beliefs (i.e., cognitive ToM) of others. Previous evidence on the effect of executive functions and educational attainment on affective ToM is controversial. This study was conducted to investigate: (1) the nature of the associations between affective ToM and some indexes of cognitive reserve (i.e., years of education, vocabulary) in late adulthood when age was controlled; (2) whether cognitive reserve (e.g., years of education, leisure activities, vocabulary) and age predicted affective ToM in late adulthood; (3) the associations between affective ToM and some executive functions measures in late adulthood, controlling for the effect of age; (4) whether executive functioning predicted affective ToM performance; (5) whether some executive functions (i.e., cognitive flexibility and inhibition) mediated between vocabulary score (i.e., used as an index of cognitive reserve) and affective ToM score. Fifty-six 75-93-year-old community-dwellers completed a battery of tasks to assess some executive functions and affective ToM skills (i.e., through the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test). It was found that vocabulary, age, and participation in outdoor socio-recreational leisure activities predicted 31% of the variance in the Reading the Mind in the Eyes condition. Moreover, significant relationships were found between ToM and some executive functions, that is, cognitive flexibility and inhibition predicted 34% of the ToM score. Finally, cognitive flexibility and inhibition mediate between cognitive reserve (i.e., assessed in terms of vocabulary) and Reading the Mind in the Eyes test score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Fastame
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Carta
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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15
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Watson JC. Psychotherapy process research: Identifying productive in-session processes to enhance treatment outcomes and therapist responsiveness. Psychother Res 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37797320 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2252160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of my research programme for the past 37 years. The focus of my work has been on identifying productive in-session processes to enhance treatment outcomes and therapist responsiveness. Two foci will be reviewed, first, my research on client and therapist interpersonal process and second, productive processing in psychotherapy in three different therapeutic approaches including EFT, CBT and CCT. Given that many competing theoretical perspectives are effective, I was curious about change processes that are common and unique to each. In my work, I employed a variety of research methodologies drawing on frameworks with alternative epistemological and ontological assumptions to capture specific in-session change processes in an attempt to reveal the richness and complexity of the phenomena being studied and illuminate the process of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne C Watson
- Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Zuckerman I, Laufer I, Mizrahi D. Attachment style, emotional feedback, and neural processing: investigating the influence of attachment on the P200 and P400 components of event-related potentials. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1249978. [PMID: 37727864 PMCID: PMC10505959 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1249978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between attachment style, emotional processing, and neural responses is crucial for comprehending the diverse ways individuals function socially and emotionally. While previous research has contributed to our knowledge of how attachment style influences emotional processing, there is still a gap in the literature when it comes to investigating emotional feedback using event-related potentials (ERPs) within a cognitive framework. This study aims to address this gap by examining the effects of attachment style and feedback valence on ERP components, specifically focusing on the P200 and P400. The findings reveal significant effects of attachment style and feedback valence on both components. In insecure attachment styles, noticeable shifts in relative energy are observed during the transition from negative to positive feedback for both the P200 and P400. Conversely, individuals with secure attachment styles exhibit minimal to moderate variations in relative energy, consistently maintaining a lower P200 energy level. Additionally, both secure and insecure individuals demonstrate heightened intensity in the P400 component in response to positive feedback. These findings underscore the influential role of attachment style in shaping emotional reactivity and regulation, emphasizing the significance of attachment theory in understanding individual differences in social and emotional functioning. This study provides novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of attachment style on emotional processing within the context of cognitive task performance. Future research should consider diverse participant samples, employ objective measures of attachment, and utilize longitudinal designs to further explore the neural processes associated with attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dor Mizrahi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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17
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Ilyas U, Khan SD. Role of Parenting and Psychosocial Correlates Contributing to Social Anxiety in Asian Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Innov Clin Neurosci 2023; 20:30-36. [PMID: 37817814 PMCID: PMC10561979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of the study was to explore social anxiety in adolescents as well as associated factors, such as parenting styles, self-esteem, quality of life, emotional intelligence, and brain activity, in social anxiety. Methods A systematic review of articles related to social anxiety in adolescents, associated factors, and brain activity from 2012 to 2022 was performed. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were used as research gates to find the relevant articles. Results Ten articles were sorted among 50 articles according to inclusion criteria. The included studies were based in Pakistan, India, and China, which indicated similar results. Social anxiety was directly related to low self-esteem, authoritarian parenting style, interbrain synchrony between parents and adolescents, low quality of life, weak emotional intelligence, and higher activity in the amygdala of the brain. Conclusion Social anxiety is common in male-dominant (patriarchal) societies where authoritarian parenting is practiced, which leads to low self-esteem, weak emotional intelligence, and low quality of life in adolescents. Social anxiety is also associated with higher activity in the amygdala and lower gamma interbrain synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Ilyas
- Ms. Ilyas is PhD Scholar, Centre for Clinical Psychology, University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan, and Principal Lecturer, Psychology Department, University of Central Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Dawood Khan
- Prof. Dr. Saima Dawood Khan is Director, Centre for Clinical Psychology, University of the Punjab in Lahore, Pakistan
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18
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Waters S, De Giorgi R, Quinton AMG, Gillespie AL, Murphy SE, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. An online experimental medicine trial on the effect of 28-day simvastatin administration on emotional processing, reward learning, working memory and salivary cortisol in healthy volunteers at risk for depression: OxSTEP protocol. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e110. [PMID: 37313755 PMCID: PMC10304861 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests inflammation may be a key mechanism by which psychosocial stress, including loneliness, predisposes to depression. Observational and clinical studies have suggested simvastatin, with its anti-inflammatory properties, may have a potential use in the treatment of depression. Previous experimental medicine trials investigating 7-day use of statins showed conflicting results, with simvastatin displaying a more positive effect on emotional processing compared with atorvastatin. It is possible that statins require longer administration in predisposed individuals before showing the expected positive effects on emotional processing. AIMS Here, we aim to test the neuropsychological effects of 28-day simvastatin administration versus placebo, in healthy volunteers at risk for depression owing to loneliness. METHOD This is a remote experimental medicine study. One hundred participants across the UK will be recruited and randomised to either 28-day 20 mg simvastatin or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Before and after administration, participants will complete an online testing session involving tasks of emotional processing and reward learning, processes related to vulnerability to depression. Working memory will also be assessed and waking salivary cortisol samples will be collected. The primary outcome will be accuracy in identifying emotions in a facial expression recognition task, comparing the two groups across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Waters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Riccardo De Giorgi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK; and Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | | | - Philip J. Cowen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK; and Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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19
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Xiao C, Wei J, Zhang GW, Tao C, Huang JJ, Shen L, Wickersham IR, Tao HW, Zhang LI. Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in pontine central gray mediate opposing valence-specific behaviors through a global network. Neuron 2023; 111:1486-1503.e7. [PMID: 36893756 PMCID: PMC10164086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracting the valence of environmental cues is critical for animals' survival. How valence in sensory signals is encoded and transformed to produce distinct behavioral responses remains not well understood. Here, we report that the mouse pontine central gray (PCG) contributes to encoding both negative and positive valences. PCG glutamatergic neurons were activated selectively by aversive, but not reward, stimuli, whereas its GABAergic neurons were preferentially activated by reward signals. The optogenetic activation of these two populations resulted in avoidance and preference behavior, respectively, and was sufficient to induce conditioned place aversion/preference. Suppression of them reduced sensory-induced aversive and appetitive behaviors, respectively. These two functionally opponent populations, receiving a broad range of inputs from overlapping yet distinct sources, broadcast valence-specific information to a distributed brain network with distinguishable downstream effectors. Thus, PCG serves as a critical hub to process positive and negative valences of incoming sensory signals and drive valence-specific behaviors with distinct circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyu Xiao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinxing Wei
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Guang-Wei Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Can Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Junxiang J Huang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ian R Wickersham
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huizhong W Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Li I Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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20
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Kjærstad HL, Varo C, Meluken I, Vieta E, Vinberg M, Kessing LV, Miskowiak KW. Emotional cognition subgroups in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with mood disorders. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2328-2338. [PMID: 37310310 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit difficulties with emotional cognition even during remission. There is evidence for aberrant emotional cognition in unaffected relatives of patients with these mood disorders, but studies are conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether emotional cognition in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with mood disorders is characterised by heterogeneity using a data-driven approach. METHODS Data from 94 unaffected relatives (33 of MDD patients; 61 of BD patients) and 203 healthy controls were pooled from two cohort studies. Emotional cognition was assessed with the Social Scenarios Test, Facial Expression Recognition Test and Faces Dot-Probe Test. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using emotional cognition data from the 94 unaffected relatives. The resulting emotional cognition clusters and controls were compared for emotional and non-emotional cognition, demographic characteristics and functioning. RESULTS Two distinct clusters of unaffected relatives were identified: a relatively 'emotionally preserved' cluster (55%; 40% relatives of MDD probands) and an 'emotionally blunted' cluster (45%; 29% relatives of MDD probands). 'Emotionally blunted' relatives presented with poorer neurocognitive performance (global cognition p = 0.010), heightened subsyndromal mania symptoms (p = 0.004), lower years of education (p = 0.004) and difficulties with interpersonal functioning (p = 0.005) than controls, whereas 'emotionally preserved' relatives were comparable to controls on these measures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show discrete emotional cognition profiles that occur across healthy first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and BD. These emotional cognition clusters may provide insight into emotional cognitive markers of genetically distinct subgroups of individuals at familial risk of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Lie Kjærstad
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Varo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iselin Meluken
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Castiglioni M, Caldiroli CL, Negri A, Manzoni GM, Procaccia R. Linguistic Predictors of Psychological Adjustment in Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4482. [PMID: 36901490 PMCID: PMC10002307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 broke out in China in December 2019 and rapidly became a worldwide pandemic that demanded an extraordinary response from healthcare workers (HCWs). Studies conducted during the pandemic observed severe depression and PTSD in HCWs. Identifying early predictors of mental health disorders in this population is key to informing effective treatment and prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the power of language-based variables to predict PTSD and depression symptoms in HCWs. One hundred thirty-five HCWs (mean age = 46.34; SD = 10.96) were randomly assigned to one of two writing conditions: expressive writing (EW n = 73) or neutral writing (NW n = 62) and completed three writing sessions. PTSD and depression symptoms were assessed both pre- and post-writing. LIWC was used to analyze linguistic markers of four trauma-related variables (cognitive elaboration, emotional elaboration, perceived threat to life, and self-immersed processing). Changes in PTSD and depression were regressed onto the linguistic markers in hierarchical multiple regression models. The EW group displayed greater changes on the psychological measures and in terms of narrative categories deployed than the NW group. Changes in PTSD symptoms were predicted by cognitive elaboration, emotional elaboration, and perceived threat to life; changes in depression symptoms were predicted by self-immersed processing and cognitive elaboration. Linguistic markers can facilitate the early identification of vulnerability to mental disorders in HCWs involved in public health emergencies. We discuss the clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Castiglioni
- Department of Human Sciences “R. Massa”, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Attà Negri
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
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22
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Kimonis ER, Le B, Fleming GE, Kyranides MN, Demetriou CA, Fanti KA, Neo B, Prasad AH, Chan A, Hawes DJ, Eapen V. Facial reactions to emotional films in young children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous-unemotional traits. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:357-366. [PMID: 36124731 PMCID: PMC10086822 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits have proven useful for identifying a distinct subgroup of children whose conduct problems (CP) are early emerging, severe, persistent, and underpinned by aberrant emotional processing. The early childhood emotional experiences and expressions of CP subtypes are poorly understood, despite their importance to understanding the problematic attachments and atypical social affiliation experienced by children with elevated CU traits. The current study aimed to test for differences in facial emotional reactions to mood-inducing film clips in children with CP and varying levels of CU traits. METHOD We compared facial emotional reactions during a developmentally appropriate mood induction task in a mixed-sex sample of clinic-referred preschool children (Mage = 3.64 years, SD = 0.63, 66.9% male) classified as CP with elevated levels of CU traits (CP + CU; n = 25) versus low CU traits (CP-only; n = 47), and typically developing children (TD; n = 28). RESULTS Relative to TD children, children with clinical CP showed less congruent and more incongruent facial emotional expressions to sad and happy film clips, controlling for child sex, age, and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with older samples, young children with CP show atypical facial emotional expressions in response to positive and negative emotional stimuli. Findings have implications for developmental models of childhood antisocial behavior and can inform the development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva R. Kimonis
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Brandon Le
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Melina N. Kyranides
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Bryan Neo
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ashneeta H. Prasad
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Amanda Chan
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David J. Hawes
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Rodriguez-Sanchez J, Lewis G, Solmi F, Bone JK, Moore M, Wiles N, Harmer CJ, Duffy L, Lewis G. Neuropsychological markers of antidepressant action: a secondary analysis of the ANTLER randomised controlled trial. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-8. [PMID: 36727498 PMCID: PMC10600933 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressants have been proposed to act via their influence on emotional processing. We investigated the effect of discontinuing maintenance antidepressant treatment on positive and negative self-referential recall and the association between self-referential recall and risk of relapse. METHODS The ANTLER trial was a large (N = 478) pragmatic double-blind trial investigating the clinical effectiveness of long-term antidepressant treatment for preventing relapse in primary care patients. Participants were randomised to continue their maintenance antidepressants or discontinue via a taper to placebo. We analysed memory for positive and negative personality descriptors, assessed at baseline, 12- and 52-week follow-up. RESULTS The recall task was completed by 437 participants. There was no evidence of an effect of discontinuation on self-referential recall at 12 [positive recall ratio 1.00, 95% CI (0.90-1.11), p = 0.93; negative recall ratio 1.00 (0.87-1.14), p = 0.87] or 52 weeks [positive recall ratio 1.03 (0.91-1.17), p = 0.62; negative recall ratio 1.00 (0.86-1.15), p = 0.96; ratios larger than one indicate higher recall in the discontinuation group], and no evidence of an association between recall at baseline or 12 weeks and later relapse [baseline, positive hazard ratio (HR) 1.02 (0.93-1.12), p = 0.74; negative HR 1.01 (0.90-1.13), p = 0.87; 12 weeks, positive HR 0.99 (0.89-1.09), p = 0.81; negative HR 0.98 (0.84-1.14), p = 0.78; ratios larger than one indicate a higher frequency of relapse in those with higher recall]. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that discontinuing long-term antidepressants altered self-referential recall or that self-referential recall was associated with risk of relapse. These findings suggest that self-referential recall is not a neuropsychological marker of antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jessica K. Bone
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UCL, London, UK
| | - Michael Moore
- Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicola Wiles
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Catherine J. Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Piccirilli AM, Pos AE. Does emotional processing predict 18-month post-therapy outcomes in the experiential treatment of major depression? Psychother Res 2023; 33:198-210. [PMID: 35594384 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2022.2076628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study tested whether emotion-focused therapy's (EFT) emotion processing theory serves as a predictor of 18-month post-therapy outcomes for major depressive disorder (MDD), independent of experiential therapy received. Method: We examined sequences of emotion episodes using the THEME™ sequential analysis of emotional processing in 55 clients who provided 18-month post-therapy Beck Depression Inventory reports after receiving experiential treatment in the York I and II trials, either emotion-focused or client-centered therapy. Archival Classification of Affective Meaning States (CAMS) ratings of emotion episodes of clients' working-phase sessions were analyzed using THEME™ sequential analyses of emotions coded during emotion episodes. Results: According to THEME™, poor outcome clients (Beck Depression Inventory at 18 months ≥ 10) expressed more emotion episode sequences containing secondary, or self-protective emotions, than good outcome clients. Good outcome clients expressed more emotion sequences with needs, hurt/grief, and assertive anger than poor outcome clients. Conclusions: EFT sequential emotional processing theory appears to offer good basic assumptions for experiential long-term therapy outcomes after receiving therapy for MDD. Generalization of the theory for other treatments is desired.
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Suddell S, Müller-Glodde M, Lumsden J, Looi CY, Granger K, Barnett JH, Robinson OJ, Munafò MR, Penton-Voak IS. Emotional bias training as a treatment for anxiety and depression: evidence from experimental medicine studies in healthy and medicated samples. Psychol Med 2023; 53:696-705. [PMID: 34057058 PMCID: PMC9975995 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are leading causes of disability worldwide, yet individuals are often unable to access appropriate treatment. There is a need to develop effective interventions that can be delivered remotely. Previous research has suggested that emotional processing biases are a potential target for intervention, and these may be altered through brief training programs. METHODS We report two experimental medicine studies of emotional bias training in two samples: individuals from the general population (n = 522) and individuals currently taking antidepressants to treat anxiety or depression (n = 212). Participants, recruited online, completed four sessions of EBT from their own home. Mental health and cognitive functioning outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately post-training, and at 2-week follow-up. RESULTS In both studies, our intervention successfully trained participants to perceive ambiguous social information more positively. This persisted at a 2-week follow-up. There was no clear evidence that this change in emotional processing transferred to improvements in symptoms in the primary analyses. However, in both studies, there was weak evidence for improved quality of life following EBT amongst individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline. No clear evidence of transfer effects was observed for self-reported daily stress, anhedonia or depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses suggested that younger participants reported greater treatment gains. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of delivering a multi-session online training program to promote lasting cognitive changes. Given the inconsistent evidence for transfer effects, EBT requires further development before it can be considered as a treatment for anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steph Suddell
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Maren Müller-Glodde
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Jim Lumsden
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Chung Yen Looi
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd., Tunbridge Court, Tunbridge Lane, Bottisham, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK
| | - Kiri Granger
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd., Tunbridge Court, Tunbridge Lane, Bottisham, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK
| | - Jennifer H. Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd., Tunbridge Court, Tunbridge Lane, Bottisham, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Oliver J. Robinson
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17-19 Queen Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Ian S. Penton-Voak
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
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Ali AM, Atout M, Al-Amer R. Editorial: Psychological distress in healthy, vulnerable, and diseased groups: Neurobiological and psychosocial bases, detection methods, and creative management strategies. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1185503. [PMID: 37181682 PMCID: PMC10172857 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1185503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Amira Mohammed Ali
| | - Maha Atout
- School of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rasmieh Al-Amer
- Faculty of Nursing, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Chou PH, Tu CH, Chen CM, Lu MK, Tsai CH, Hsieh WT, Lai HC, Satyanarayanan SK, Su KP. Bilateral theta-burst stimulation on emotional processing in major depressive disorder: A functional neuroimaging study from a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 77:233-240. [PMID: 36579902 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bilateral theta-burst stimulation (biTBS; intermittent TBS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC] and continuous TBS over the right DLPFC) has demonstrated efficacy in improving symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the underlying brain mechanisms remain unknown. The authors aimed to investigate the antidepressant efficacy of biTBS monotherapy and its effects on the brain responses measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during emotional processing in MDD. METHODS The authors conducted a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial of patients with MDD who exhibited no responses to at least one adequate antidepressant treatment for the prevailing episode. Recruited patients were randomly assigned to 10 biTBS monotherapy or sham stimulation sessions. The fMRI scans during performing emotional recognition task were obtained at baseline and after 10 sessions of treatment. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression at baseline and the weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 week. RESULTS The biTBS group (n = 17) exhibited significant decreases in depression scores compared with the sham group (n = 11) at week 8 (70% vs 40%; P = 0.02), and the significant differences persisted during the 24-week follow-up periods. At week 4, when the treatment course was completed, patients in the biTBS group, but not in the sham group, exhibited increased brain activities over the left superior and middle frontal gyrus during negative emotional stimuli. CONCLUSION The authors' findings provide the first evidence regarding the underlying neural mechanisms of biTBS therapy to improve clinical symptoms in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, China Medical University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuei Lu
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Hsieh
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Lai
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Procaccia R, Castiglioni M. The mediating effect of cognitive and emotional processing on PTSD and depression symptoms reduction in women victims of IPV. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1071477. [PMID: 36619070 PMCID: PMC9822704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious social, physical and mental health issue. Women victims of IPV can develop short- and long-term consequences such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Where trauma has been incurred, standard psychotherapies may usefully be complemented by interventions based on expressive writing (EW). Numerous studies have explored the mechanisms underpinning improvement after writing, focusing on the cognitive and emotional processing of traumatic experiences. The aims of this study were to evaluate changes in PTSD and depression symptoms following EW and to examine the mediating effect of emotional and cognitive processing on symptom reduction in subjects who engaged in EW. Seventy-seven abused women (mean age = 41.43, SD = 10.75) were randomly assigned to a three-session expressive writing condition (n = 43) or a neutral writing condition (n = 34). Psychological distress (PTSD and depression) was assessed both before and after the writing sessions. Linguistic inquiry word count software was used to analyze the women's narratives in relation to emotional processing (positive and negative emotions) and cognitive processing (insight and causal attributions). The mediation model indicated that the reduction in depression was fully mediated by negative emotion processing and partially mediated by cognitive processing, while the reduction in PTSD was partially mediated by negative emotion processing and fully mediated by cognitive processing. No effect of positive emotion processing was found. The clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Procaccia
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy,*Correspondence: Rossella Procaccia,
| | - Marco Castiglioni
- Department of Human Sciences “R. Massa,” University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Maroti D, Lumley MA, Schubiner H, Lilliengren P, Bileviciute-Ljungar I, Ljótsson B, Johansson R. Internet-based emotional awareness and expression therapy for somatic symptom disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Psychosom Res 2022; 163:111068. [PMID: 36327532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is commonly encountered in health care settings. Cognitive-behavioural treatments have been most extensively studied, but they tend to have small effects of temporary duration. Emotional awareness and expression therapy (EAET) is a newly developed treatment for SSD, targeting emotional processing of trauma and conflict as a mechanism of symptom change. In an earlier uncontrolled study of self-guided, internet-administrated EAET (I-EAET), we found substantial reductions in somatic symptoms, prompting the need for a randomized controlled trial of I-EAET. METHODS We conducted a 2-arm RCT, comparing 10-week I-EAET (n = 37) to a waitlist control (WL; n = 37). Primary outcomes were reductions of somatic symptoms (PHQ-15) and pain intensity (BPI-4) at post-treatment, with a 4-month evaluation of effect duration. We also analysed emotional processing (EPS-25) and depression (PHQ-9) as possible mediators of I-EAET's effects. RESULTS Compared to controls, I-EAET significantly reduced somatic symptoms at both post-treatment and follow-up. I-EAET also reduced pain, depression, insomnia, and anxiety at post-treatment, but these effects were not retained at follow-up. As hypothesized, a facet of emotional processing partially mediated the treatment effect on somatic symptoms, even when controlling for depression. CONCLUSIONS Although treatment effects were smaller than in the previous uncontrolled trial, I-EAET is a promising treatment for SSD, with a minority of patients (around 20%) experiencing substantial clinical improvement. The benefits of I-EAET are partially mediated by improved emotional processing. Future research should identify and target patients who respond best to I-EAET and develop tailored treatment to enhance treatment effects. (Preregistered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04751825.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Maroti
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mark A Lumley
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA..
| | - Howard Schubiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Providence-Providence Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Peter Lilliengren
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden..
| | - Indre Bileviciute-Ljungar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden..
| | - Brjánn Ljótsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Robert Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden..
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Vamvakopoulou IA, Fonville L, Hayes A, McGonigle J, Elliott R, Ersche KD, Flechais R, Orban C, Murphy A, Smith DG, Suckling J, Taylor EM, Deakin B, Robbins TW, Nutt DJ, Lingford-Hughes AR, Paterson LM. Selective D3 receptor antagonism modulates neural response during negative emotional processing in substance dependence. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:998844. [PMID: 36339857 PMCID: PMC9627287 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.998844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Negative affective states contribute to the chronic-relapsing nature of addiction. Mesolimbic dopamine D3 receptors are well placed to modulate emotion and are dysregulated in substance dependence. Selective antagonists might restore dopaminergic hypofunction, thus representing a potential treatment target. We investigated the effects of selective D3 antagonist, GSK598809, on the neural response to negative emotional processing in substance dependent individuals and healthy controls. Methodology Functional MRI BOLD response was assessed during an evocative image task, 2 h following acute administration of GSK598809 (60 mg) or placebo in a multi-site, double-blind, pseudo-randomised, cross-over design. Abstinent drug dependent individuals (DD, n = 36) comprising alcohol-only (AO, n = 19) and cocaine-alcohol polydrug (PD, n = 17) groups, and matched controls (n = 32) were presented with aversive and neutral images in a block design (contrast of interest: aversive > neutral). Whole-brain mixed-effects and a priori ROI analyses tested for group and drug effects, with identical models exploring subgroup effects. Results No group differences in task-related BOLD signal were identified between DD and controls. However, subgroup analysis revealed greater amygdala/insular BOLD signal in PD compared with AO groups. Following drug administration, GSK598809 increased BOLD response across HC and DD groups in thalamus, caudate, putamen, and pallidum, and reduced BOLD response in insular and opercular cortices relative to placebo. Multivariate analyses in a priori ROIs revealed differential effects of D3 antagonism according to subgroup in substantia nigra; GSK598809 increased BOLD response in AO and decreased response in PD groups. Conclusion Acute GSK598809 modulates the BOLD response to aversive image processing, providing evidence that D3 antagonism may impact emotional regulation. Enhanced BOLD response within D3-rich mesolimbic regions is consistent with its pharmacology and with attenuation of substance-related hypodopaminergic function. However, the lack of group differences in task-related BOLD response and the non-specific effect of GSK598809 between groups makes it difficult to ascertain whether D3 antagonism is likely to be normalising or restorative in our abstinent populations. The suggestion of differential D3 modulation between AO and PD subgroups is intriguing, raising the possibility of divergent treatment responses. Further study is needed to determine whether D3 antagonism should be recommended as a treatment target in substance dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna A. Vamvakopoulou
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Fonville
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Hayes
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John McGonigle
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Remy Flechais
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Csaba Orban
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Murphy
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dana G. Smith
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Suckling
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M. Taylor
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Nutt
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne R. Lingford-Hughes
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M. Paterson
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Nicola M, Correia H, Ditchburn G, Drummond PD. Defining pain-validation: The importance of validation in reducing the stresses of chronic pain. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2022; 3:884335. [PMID: 36313220 PMCID: PMC9614309 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.884335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To validate an individual's feelings or behaviour is to sanction their thoughts or actions as worthy of social acceptance and support. In contrast, rejection of the individual's communicated experience indicates a denial of social acceptance, representing a potential survival threat. Pain-invalidation, though ill-defined, appears to be a fundamental component of psychosocial stress for people with chronic pain. As such, the aim of this paper was to define pain-validation and outline its importance for those with chronic pain. Methods The pain-validation construct was defined using themes inherent in the narratives of those with chronic pain, as identified in a previously published systematic search and thematic analysis, together with examination of additional literature on pain-validation in the clinical context. Results We present a construct definition, proposing that pain-validation must necessarily include: (i) belief that the pain experience is true for the individual, (ii) acceptability of the individual's expressions of pain, and (iii) communication of belief and acceptability to the individual experiencing pain. Further, we outline the importance of pain-validation as a protective factor and means of reducing many of the psychosocial stresses of chronic pain; for example, by indicating social support for pain-coping, buffering negative emotions, and re-enforcing unity and shared identity. Implications The role of pain-validation in the current era of pain management intervention is discussed. Adhering to interventions that involve cognitive and behavioural change is often difficult. Acknowledging and validating the acceptability of the patient's pain experience in the early stages of pain management may, therefore, be a key component of intervention that encourages compliance to the treatment plan and achieving therapeutic goals.
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Ahmed N, Bone JK, Lewis G, Freemantle N, Harmer CJ, Duffy L, Lewis G. The effect of sertraline on emotional processing: secondary analyses of the PANDA randomised controlled trial. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2814-2821. [PMID: 33431087 PMCID: PMC9647512 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the cognitive neuropsychological model, antidepressants reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety by increasing positive relative to negative information processing. Most studies of whether antidepressants alter emotional processing use small samples of healthy individuals, which lead to low statistical power and selection bias and are difficult to generalise to clinical practice. We tested whether the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline altered recall of positive and negative information in a large randomised controlled trial (RCT) of patients with depressive symptoms recruited from primary care. METHODS The PANDA trial was a pragmatic multicentre double-blind RCT comparing sertraline with placebo. Memory for personality descriptors was tested at baseline and 2 and 6 weeks after randomisation using a computerised emotional categorisation task followed by a free recall. We measured the number of positive and negative words correctly recalled (hits). Poisson mixed models were used to analyse longitudinal associations between treatment allocation and hits. RESULTS A total of 576 participants (88% of those randomised) completed the recall task at 2 and 6 weeks. We found no evidence that positive or negative hits differed according to treatment allocation at 2 or 6 weeks (adjusted positive hits ratio = 0.97, 95% CI 0.90-1.05, p = 0.52; adjusted negative hits ratio = 0.99, 95% CI 0.90-1.08, p = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS In the largest individual placebo-controlled trial of an antidepressant not funded by the pharmaceutical industry, we found no evidence that sertraline altered positive or negative recall early in treatment. These findings challenge some assumptions of the cognitive neuropsychological model of antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norin Ahmed
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, UK
| | - Jessica K. Bone
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, UK
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, UK
| | - Nick Freemantle
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine J. Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Larisa Duffy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, UK
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Penagos-Corzo JC, Cosio van-Hasselt M, Escobar D, Vázquez-Roque RA, Flores G. Mirror neurons and empathy-related regions in psychopathy: systematic review, meta-analysis, and a working model. Soc Neurosci 2022; 17:462-479. [PMID: 36151909 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2022.2128868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mirror neurons have been associated with empathy. People with psychopathic traits present low levels of empathy. To analyze this, a systematic review of fMRI studies of people with psychopathic traits during an emotional facial expression processing task was performed. The regions of interest were structures associated with the mirror neuron system: ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), inferior parietal lobe (IPL), inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal sulcus. The analysis was also extended to structures related to affective empathy (insula, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex) and to two more emotional processing areas (orbitofrontal cortex and fusiform gyrus). Hypoactivation was more frequently observed in regions of the mirror neuron system from people with high psychopathic traits, as well as in the emotional processing structures, and those associated with affective empathy, except for the insula, where it presented higher activity. Differences were observed for all types of emotions. The results suggest that the mirror neuron system is altered in psychopathy and their relationship with affective empathy deficits is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rubén A Vázquez-Roque
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México
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Hobbs C, Beck M, Denham F, Pettitt L, Faraway J, Munafò MR, Sui J, Kessler D, Button KS. Relationship between change in social evaluation learning and mood in early antidepressant treatment: A prospective cohort study in primary care. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:303-312. [PMID: 36000259 PMCID: PMC10076340 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221116928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressants are proposed to work by increasing sensitivity to positive versus negative information. Increasing positive affective learning within social contexts may help remediate negative self-schema. We investigated the association between change in biased learning of social evaluations about the self and others, and mood during early antidepressant treatment. METHOD Prospective cohort assessing patients recruited from primary care in South West England at four timepoints over the first 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment (n = 29). At each timepoint, participants completed self-report measures of depression (Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9)), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire 7 (GAD-7)), and a computerised task measuring learning of social evaluations about the self, a friend and a stranger. RESULTS We did not find evidence that learning about the self was associated with a reduction in PHQ-9 (b = 0.08, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.20, p = 0.239) or BDI-II scores (b = 0.10, 95% CI: -0.18, 0.38, p = 0.469). We found some weak evidence that increased positive learning about the friend was associated with a reduction in BDI-II scores (b = 0.30, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.62, p = 0.069). However, exploratory analyses indicated stronger evidence that increased positive learning about the self (b = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.28, p = 0.002) and a friend (b = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.35, p = 0.001) was associated with reductions in anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Change in social evaluation learning was associated with a reduction in anxiety but not depression. Antidepressants may treat anxiety symptoms by remediating negative affective biases towards socially threatening information directed towards the self and close others. However, our findings are based on exploratory analyses within a small sample without a control group and are therefore at risk of type 1 errors and order effects. Further research with larger samples is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milly Beck
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Faye Denham
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Laura Pettitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Julian Faraway
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Sui
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Kessler
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Nicola M, Correia H, Ditchburn G, Drummond PD. The Pain-Invalidation Scale: Measuring Patient Perceptions of Invalidation Toward Chronic Pain. J Pain 2022; 23:1912-1922. [PMID: 35842088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence reveals the damaging impact of having one's chronic pain symptoms invalidated through disbelief, discrediting, and critical judgement. In other instances, a caregiver's over-attentiveness to the daily tasks of individuals with pain can be problematic, potentially undermining rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to measure different aspects of invalidation perceived by people with chronic pain. Item generation was informed through literature review and a thematic analysis of narratives from 431 peer-reviewed articles. The crowdsourcing platform Prolific was used to distribute survey items to participants. In Study 1A, Principal Component Analysis was performed on data from 302 respondents, giving rise to 4 subscales, including: Invalidation by the Self, Invalidation by Immediate Others, Invalidation by Healthcare Professionals, and Invalidation by Over-attentive Others. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of data collected from aonther 308 individuals in Study 1B supported the 4-factor model of the Pain-Invalidation Scale (Pain-IS) and identified a best-fit model with 24 items. The Pain-IS was further validated in another 300 individuals in Study 2. The Pain-IS demonstrates sound psychometric properties and may serve as a valuable tool for use by clinicians in the detection of pain-invalidation issues, as a first step in patient pain management. Perspective. Links between pain-invalidation and pain levels, as well as functional detriment, highlight the importance of having one's chronic pain experience heard, believed and accepted. The Pain-Invalidation Scale is designed to identify domains where invalidation of the patient's pain should be addressed to promote emotional processing, treatment adherence and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Nicola
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia
| | - Helen Correia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia
| | - Graeme Ditchburn
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia.
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36
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Martens MAG, Dalton N, Scaife J, Harmer CJ, Harrison PJ, Tunbridge EM. Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity does not influence emotional processing in men. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:768-775. [PMID: 35443830 PMCID: PMC9150146 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221089032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) regulates cortical dopaminergic transmission and prefrontal-dependent cognitive function. However, its role in other cognitive processes, including emotional processing, is relatively unexplored. We therefore investigated the separate and interactive influences of COMT inhibition and Val158Met (rs4680) genotype on performance on an emotional test battery. METHODS We recruited 74 healthy men homozygous for the functional COMT Val158Met polymorphism. Volunteers were administered either a single 200 mg dose of the brain-penetrant COMT inhibitor tolcapone or placebo in a double-blind, randomised manner. Emotional processing was assessed using the emotional test battery, and mood was rated using visual analogue scales and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire across the test day. RESULTS There were no main or interactive effects of Val158Met genotype or tolcapone on any of the emotional processing measures or mood ratings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that, at least in healthy adult men, COMT has little or no effect on emotional processing or mood. These findings contrast with several neuroimaging studies that suggest that COMT modulates neural activity during emotional processing. Thus, further studies are required to understand how COMT impacts on the relationship between behavioural output and neural activity during emotional processing. Nevertheless, our data suggest that novel COMT inhibitors under development for treating cognitive dysfunction are unlikely to have acute off target effects on emotional behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke AG Martens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK,Marieke AG Martens, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Nina Dalton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica Scaife
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tunbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Romero-Ferreiro V, García-Fernández L, Aparicio AI, Martínez-Gras I, Dompablo M, Sánchez-Pastor L, Rentero D, Alvarez-Mon MÁ, Espejo-Saavedra JM, Lahera G, Marí-Beffa P, Santos JL, Rodriguez-Jimenez R. Emotional Processing Profile in Patients with First Episode Schizophrenia: The Influence of Neurocognition. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2044. [PMID: 35407652 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11072044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the influence of neurocognition on the emotional processing profiles of patients with first-episode schizophrenia, using the 4-branch Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) (Perceiving Emotions; Facilitating Emotions; Understanding Emotions and Managing Emotions). A sample of 78 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and a group of 90 non-psychiatric control subjects were included in this work. The initial results showed that patients had lower scores than controls for the “Understanding Emotions” and “Managing Emotions” MSCEIT branches. However, after controlling for neurocognition, the only deficits were found on the “Managing Emotions” branch of the MSCEIT. This branch can be considered as measuring a more sophisticated level of emotional processing, which may constitute a deficit in itself. In conclusion, patients with first-episode schizophrenia present deficits in social cognition at the highest level that seem to be independent from neurocognition. These findings support the inclusion of the “Managing Emotions” branch of the MSCEIT as part of the MCCB.
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38
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Schmidt NM, Hennig J, Munk AJL. Event-Related Potentials in Women on the Pill: Neural Correlates of Positive and Erotic Stimulus Processing in Oral Contraceptive Users. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:798823. [PMID: 35058744 PMCID: PMC8764149 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.798823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Exposure toward positive emotional cues with - and without - reproductive significance plays a crucial role in daily life and regarding well-being as well as mental health. While possible adverse effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use on female mental and sexual health are widely discussed, neural processing of positive emotional stimuli has not been systematically investigated in association with OC use. Considering reported effects on mood, well-being and sexual function, and proposed associations with depression, it was hypothesized that OC users showed reduced neural reactivity toward positive and erotic emotional stimuli during early as well as later stages of emotional processing and also rated these stimuli as less pleasant and less arousing compared to naturally cycling (NC) women. Method: Sixty-two female subjects (29 NC and 33 OC) were assessed at three time points across the natural menstrual cycle and corresponding time points of the OC regimen. Early (early posterior negativity, EPN) and late (late positive potential, LPP) event-related potentials in reaction to positive, erotic and neutral stimuli were collected during an Emotional Picture Stroop Paradigm (EPSP). At each appointment, subjects provided saliva samples for analysis of gonadal steroid concentration. Valence and arousal ratings were collected at the last appointment. Results: Oral contraceptive users had significantly lower endogenous estradiol and progesterone concentrations compared to NC women. No significant group differences in either subjective stimulus evaluations or neural reactivity toward positive and erotic emotional stimuli were observed. For the OC group, LPP amplitudes in reaction to erotic vs. neutral pictures differed significantly between measurement times across the OC regimen. Discussion: In this study, no evidence regarding alterations of neural reactivity toward positive and erotic stimuli in OC users compared to NC was found. Possible confounding factors and lines for future research are elaborated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norina M. Schmidt
- Department of Differential and Biological Psychology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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39
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Tavakoli P, Lanthier M, Porteous M, Boafo A, De Koninck J, Robillard R. Sleep architecture and emotional inhibition processing in adolescents hospitalized during a suicidal crisis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:920789. [PMID: 36072454 PMCID: PMC9441873 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.920789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents. Sleep disturbances could alter inhibitory processes and contribute to dangerous behaviors in this critical developmental period. Adolescents in suicidal crisis have been shown to have lighter sleep compared to healthy controls. Additionally, suicidal adolescents have lower neural resources mobilized by emotionally charged inhibition processing. The present exploratory study aimed to determine how sleep architecture in suicidal adolescents may relate to inhibition processing in response to emotional stimuli. METHODS Ten adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and who attempted suicide were recruited while hospitalized for a suicidal crisis in a psychiatric inpatient unit. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded prior to bedtime during a Go/NoGo task involving pictures of sad, happy, and neutral faces. Polysomnography was then recorded throughout the night. Pearson correlations were conducted to investigate how inhibition performance and ERP parameters reflecting inhibition processing (i.e., P3d and N2d derived from difference waveform calculated as NoGo minus Go trials) relate to sleep architecture. RESULTS Poorer inhibition accuracy in response to emotional stimuli was significantly correlated with shorter REM sleep latency, higher REM sleep, and more frequent nocturnal awakenings. The P3d in response to sad faces was negatively correlated with NREM2 sleep and positively correlated with NREM3 sleep. No such association with the P3d was found for happy or neutral stimuli. There were no significant correlations for the N2d. CONCLUSION Altered sleep in adolescents with depression who are in a suicidal crisisis associated with behavioral inhibition difficulties and fewer neural resources mobilized by inhibitory processes in emotionally charged contexts. This highlights the importance of addressing sleep disturbances while managing suicidal crises in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Tavakoli
- Sleep Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Malika Lanthier
- Sleep Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Meggan Porteous
- Sleep Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Addo Boafo
- Mental Health Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca Robillard
- Sleep Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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40
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de Cates AN, Martens MAG, Wright LC, Gould van Praag CD, Capitão LP, Gibson D, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ, Murphy SE. The Effect of the 5-HT 4 Agonist, Prucalopride, on a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Faces Task in the Healthy Human Brain. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:859123. [PMID: 35492722 PMCID: PMC9039209 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.859123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and often recurrent illness with significant negative impact on a global scale. Current antidepressants are ineffective for up to one third of people with depression, many of whom experience persistent symptomatology. 5-HT4 receptor agonists show promise in both animal models of depression and cognitive deficit. We therefore studied the effect of the 5-HT4 partial agonist prucalopride (1 mg daily for 6 days) on the neural processing of emotional faces in 43 healthy participants using a randomised placebo-controlled design. Participants receiving prucalopride were more accurate at identifying the gender of emotional faces. In whole brain analyses, prucalopride was also associated with reduced activation in a network of regions corresponding to the default mode network. However, there was no evidence that prucalopride treatment produced a positive bias in the neural processing of emotional faces. Our study provides further support for a pro-cognitive effect of 5-HT4 receptor agonism in humans. While our current behavioural and neural investigations do not suggest an antidepressant-like profile of prucalopride in humans, it will be important to study a wider dose range in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad N de Cates
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke A G Martens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy C Wright
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra D Gould van Praag
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liliana P Capitão
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Cowen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susannah E Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Rucker JJ, Marwood L, Ajantaival RLJ, Bird C, Eriksson H, Harrison J, Lennard-Jones M, Mistry S, Saldarini F, Stansfield S, Tai SJ, Williams S, Weston N, Malievskaia E, Young AH. The effects of psilocybin on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy participants: Results from a phase 1, randomised, placebo-controlled trial involving simultaneous psilocybin administration and preparation. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:114-125. [PMID: 35090363 PMCID: PMC8801675 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211064720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psilocybin, a psychoactive serotonin receptor partial agonist, has been reported to acutely reduce clinical symptoms of depressive disorders. Psilocybin's effects on cognitive function have not been widely or systematically studied. AIM The aim of this study was to explore the safety of simultaneous administration of psilocybin to healthy participants in the largest randomised controlled trial of psilocybin to date. Primary and secondary endpoints assessed the short- and longer-term change in cognitive functioning, as assessed by a Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) Panel, and emotional processing scales. Safety was assessed via endpoints which included cognitive function, assessed by CANTAB global composite score, and treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) monitoring. METHODS In this phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy participants (n = 89; mean age 36.1 years; 41 females, 48 males) were randomised to receive a single oral dose of 10 or 25 mg psilocybin, or placebo, administered simultaneously to up to six participants, with one-to-one psychological support - each participant having an assigned, dedicated therapist available throughout the session. RESULTS In total, 511 TEAEs were reported, with a median duration of 1.0 day; 67% of all TEAEs started and resolved on the day of administration. There were no serious TEAEs, and none led to study withdrawal. There were no clinically relevant between-group differences in CANTAB global composite score, CANTAB cognitive domain scores, or emotional processing scale scores. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that 10 mg and 25 mg doses of psilocybin were generally well tolerated when given to up to six participants simultaneously and did not have any detrimental short- or long-term effects on cognitive functioning or emotional processing. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/) number: 2018-000978-30.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Rucker
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,James J Rucker MD, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | | | | | - Catherine Bird
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - John Harrison
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Alzheimer’s Center, AUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Metis Cognition Ltd., Kilmington Common, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara J Tai
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Neil Weston
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Chevalère J, Camblats AM, Laurier V, Mourre F, Estival S, Postal V. The influence of emotional contexts on mental flexibility in Prader-Willi syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2022; 66:133-150. [PMID: 33491829 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the influence of emotional contexts on mental flexibility in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) using a voluntary task-switching paradigm that was implemented with emotionally valenced pictures. The study aims were to assess whether adults with PWS have impaired switching abilities, whether the deficit is specific to PWS or linked to intellectual disabilities, and the influence of emotional contexts on performance. METHOD The task-switching performance of 30 adults with PWS was compared with that of 30 healthy adults matched on chronological age, and to that of 30 adults with intellectual disabilities but without PWS, matched on intellectual quotient level and chronological age. Indicators of switching performance were switching cost and repetition bias. Emotional contexts were operationalised with positive, neutral and negative task-irrelevant pictures. RESULTS Adults with PWS showed a large increase in switching costs compared with the two control groups, and this effect did not vary across emotional contexts. More fine-tuned examination revealed subtle performance modulations: negative contexts tended to increase the repetition bias in all three groups while positive contexts slowed down global performance in PWS. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed previous studies, showing impaired switching abilities in PWS over and beyond the influence of intellectual level, but revealed no robust variations in switching deficits across emotional contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chevalère
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), UMR 6024, CNRS & Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A-M Camblats
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - V Laurier
- AP-HP Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France
| | - F Mourre
- AP-HP Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France
| | - S Estival
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - V Postal
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Hagen I, Skjelstad S, Nayar US. "I Just Find It Easier to Let Go of Anger": Reflections on the Ways in Which Yoga Influences How Young People Manage Their Emotions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:729588. [PMID: 34880804 PMCID: PMC8645589 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.729588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we discuss how young people experienced a school-based yoga intervention. We pay particular attention to how yoga provides a space for young people to deal with their emotions. We base our discussion on qualitative data from young people in Norway who participated in the European research project “Hippocampus: Promoting Mental Health and Wellbeing among Young People through Yoga.” The qualitative results are based on experiences described by these young people in individual semi-structured interviews and in diaries or logs. Our data include nine interviews performed in the spring of 2019 with young people of Norwegian and refugee background in their late teens and early twenties. There were also 133 logs noted by the students exposed to the yoga intervention. In the qualitative interviews, young people talk about yoga and emotional management, improved sleep habits, and regulation. They also report improved ability to regulate and cope with stress. Yoga seemed especially beneficial for refugee trauma. In this article, we have chosen to focus on the utterances of young people about emotions, as those were quite dominant in our data, especially in the interview material. We have identified instances of emotional regulation, but also of emotional processes and changes of emotions, all of which were related to these young students practicing yoga. The impact of yoga on emotions illustrates the potential of yoga to improve the well-being and mental health of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Hagen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Solbjørg Skjelstad
- Stabilisati Counseling Service, Psychological Counseling, Yoga and Meditation Guidance, Levanger, Norway
| | - Usha Sidana Nayar
- Former Professor in Psychology, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, India
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Wang X, Jin J, Liu W, Liu Z, Yin T. Emotional processing of sadness and disgust evoked by disaster scenes. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2421. [PMID: 34807520 PMCID: PMC8671793 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disaster scenes produce long-term negative feelings in those who experience them. Previous studies have focused on mitigating disaster impacts through directed forgetting or conscious suppression. However, the initial emotional processing of disaster scenes is not fully understood, hindering the comprehension of long-term disaster impacts. This study aims to investigate how pictures of disaster scenes evoking disgust and sadness are processed via cortical electrical activity. METHODS Pictures of grief and mutilation from disasters were used to evoke sadness and disgust, respectively. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to quantify the intensity and time-course of emotional processing. RESULTS The information processing of emotional pictures was stronger than neutral pictures, represented by greater declines of alpha ERD. In the posterior ERP components of N1 and EPN, amplitudes for emotional pictures were larger than those for neutral pictures, which reflected the effects of arousal on visual perception. In the anterior ERP components of P2, P3, and LPP, disgust pictures showed higher attention attraction and enhanced encoding memory processing. CONCLUSIONS Disgust disaster scenarios induced long-term prominent LPP, which may correspond with the long-term negative impacts of the disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingna Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Sinovation (Beijing) Medical Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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45
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De Giorgi R, Martens M, Rizzo Pesci N, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. The effects of atorvastatin on emotional processing, reward learning, verbal memory and inflammation in healthy volunteers: An experimental medicine study. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:1479-1487. [PMID: 34872404 PMCID: PMC8652357 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211060307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence from clinical trials and epidemiological studies suggests that statins can have clinically significant antidepressant effects, potentially related to anti-inflammatory action on several neurobiological structures. However, the underlying neuropsychological mechanisms of these effects remain unexplored. AIMS In this experimental medicine trial, we investigated the 7-day effects of the lipophilic statin, atorvastatin on a battery of neuropsychological tests and inflammation in healthy volunteers. METHODS Fifty healthy volunteers were randomised to either 7 days of atorvastatin 20 mg or placebo in a double-blind design. Participants were assessed with psychological questionnaires and a battery of well-validated behavioural tasks assessing emotional processing, which is sensitive to putative antidepressant effects, reward learning and verbal memory, as well as the inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein. RESULTS Compared to placebo, 7-day atorvastatin increased the recognition (p = 0.006), discriminability (p = 0.03) and misclassifications (p = 0.04) of fearful facial expression, independently from subjective states of mood and anxiety, and C-reactive protein levels. Otherwise, atorvastatin did not significantly affect any other psychological and behavioural measure, nor peripheral C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal for the first time the early influence of atorvastatin on emotional cognition by increasing the processing of anxiety-related stimuli (i.e. increased recognition, discriminability and misclassifications of fearful facial expression) in healthy volunteers, in the absence of more general effects on negative affective bias. Further studies exploring the effects of statins in depressed patients, especially with raised inflammatory markers, may clarify this finding and inform future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo De Giorgi
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Marieke Martens
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Rizzo Pesci
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that d-cycloserine (DCS) may have antidepressant potential through its interaction with the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; however, clinical evidence of DCS's efficacy as a treatment for depression is limited. Other evidence suggests that DCS affects emotional learning which may also be relevant for the treatment of depression and anxiety. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of DCS on emotional processing in healthy volunteers and to further characterise its effects on emotional and autobiographical memory. METHODS Forty healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to a single dose of 250 mg DCS or placebo in a double-blind design. Three hours later, participants performed an Emotional Test Battery [including Facial Expression Recognition Task (FERT), Emotional Categorisation Task (ECAT), Emotional Recall Task (EREC), Facial Dot-Probe Task (FDOT) and Emotional Recognition Memory Task (EMEM)] and an Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT). Also, participants performed the FERT, EREC and AMT tasks again after 24 h in order to assess longer lasting effects of a single dose of DCS. RESULTS DCS did not significantly affect the FERT, EMEM and FDOT performance but significantly increased emotional memory and classification for positive words v. negative words. Also, DCS enhanced the retrieval of more specific autobiographical memories, and this effect persisted at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the suggestion that low-dose DCS increases specific autobiographical memory retrieval and positive emotional memory. Such effects make it an intriguing agent for further investigation in clinical depression, which is characterised by decreased autobiographical memory specificity and increased negative bias in memory recall. It also underscores the potential role of DCS as an adjunct to cognitive behavioural therapy in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsen Chen
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liliana P Capitão
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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47
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Maroti D, Ljótsson B, Lumley MA, Schubiner H, Hallberg H, Olsson PÅ, Johansson R. Emotional Processing and Its Association to Somatic Symptom Change in Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy for Somatic Symptom Disorder: A Preliminary Mediation Investigation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:712518. [PMID: 34690868 PMCID: PMC8528965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate emotional processing as a potential mediator in therapist-guided, internet-based Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (I-EAET) for somatic symptom disorder, using data from a previously published pilot study. Methods: Participants (N = 52) engaged in a 9-week I-EAET treatment. Before treatment and each week during treatment (i.e., 10 weekly measurements), emotional processing was assessed with the Emotional Processing Scale-25 (EPS-25), which contains five subscales, and somatic symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15). Results: Mediation analyses using linear mixed models showed that two EPS-25 subscales—Signs of Unprocessed Emotions and Impoverished Emotional Experience—were uniquely associated with somatic symptom reduction. The proportion of the mediated effect was 0.49, indicating that about half of the total association of the PHQ-15 with symptoms was accounted for by the two EPS-25 subscales. Conclusion: This preliminary mediation analysis suggests that improved emotional processing is associated with change in somatic symptoms in I-EAET. However, randomized controlled and comparison trials are needed to establish that I-EAET creates the change in emotional processing and that such changes are specific to I-EAET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Maroti
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brjánn Ljótsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark A Lumley
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Howard Schubiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Providence-Providence Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Southfield, MI, United States
| | - Henrik Hallberg
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Åke Olsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Johansson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Pinheiro P, Gonçalves MM, Nogueira D, Pereira R, Basto I, Alves D, Salgado J. Emotional processing during the therapy for complicated grief. Psychother Res 2021; 32:678-693. [PMID: 34663184 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2021.1985183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior research, mainly conducted on depression, observed that clients' improved capability to process their emotions predicted better therapeutic outcomes. The current comparative study aimed to investigate whether emotional processing was related to therapeutic change in complicated grief. METHOD We analyzed two contrasting cases (good or poor outcome) treated with grief constructivist therapy. In both cases we investigated the association of emotional processing (Experiencing Scale) to (1) therapeutic outcome (Inventory of Complicated Grief), and (2) change in the type of grief-related emotions (Emotions Episodes). RESULTS The session-by-session growth of clients' emotional processing and the change of grief-related emotions were qualitatively explored throughout both cases. Compared with the poor outcome case, the good outcome case achieved more improvement in the ability to process emotions. Such improvement occurred alongside a deeper change in the type of grief-related emotions aroused, from maladaptive to more adaptive responses. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a higher emotional processing capability may be associated with the transformation of grief-related maladaptive emotions and with the improvement of complicated grief condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pinheiro
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Social and Behavior Sciences, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | | | - Daniela Nogueira
- Department of Social and Behavior Sciences, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Rui Pereira
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Basto
- Department of Social and Behavior Sciences, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal.,Center for Psychology at the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Alves
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Salgado
- Department of Social and Behavior Sciences, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal.,Center for Psychology at the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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49
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Diaz-Marsa M, MacDowell K, de laTorre-Luque A, Caso JR, Faya M, Gutierrez S, Soto M, Pemau A, Diaz-Carracedo P, Carrasco-Diaz A, Leza JC, Graell M, Carrasco JL. Inflammatory dysregulation in women with an eating disorder: Relationships with altered emotional reactivity. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1843-1854. [PMID: 34418141 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies suggest that inflammatory signaling dysregulation may contribute to eating disorder (ED) pathophysiology. However, little is known about the influence of inflammatory response on altered processes seen among patients with ED, such as emotional processing and reactivity. OBJECTIVES The objectives were: (a) to investigate the systemic inflammatory response in ED women; and (b) to analyze the role of inflammatory markers in emotional reactivity. METHOD Concentrations of several intercellular and intracellular inflammatory mediators (cytokines, prostaglandin by-products and enzymes, TBARS, and MAPK proteins) were quantified in plasma and PBMCs from 68 women with an ED (m = 22.01 years, SD = 9.15) and 35 healthy controls (m = 18.54 years, SD = 4.21). Moreover, emotional reactivity to affective pictures (those without either food or thinness content) was studied using the adult (>18 years old) sample (n = 41). RESULTS Between-group differences were revealed for most markers (TNF-α, PGE2 , COX2, and ratio of activated MAPK proteins), pointing to increased inflammatory response in patients (p < .01). Women with ED showed heightened emotional reactivity, regardless of picture valence. Principal components derived from inflammatory markers showed an explanatory loading on patient's emotional reaction, in terms of valence and arousal. CONCLUSION This study corroborates the altered systemic inflammatory response in patients with ED. The inflammatory dysregulation may contribute to ED phenotype, as seen by its relationship with heightened emotional reactivity, even though the inflammatory markers were not evaluated throughout the emotional reactivity protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Diaz-Marsa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karina MacDowell
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, UCM, Madrid, Spain.,IIS Hospital 12 de Octubre, IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro de laTorre-Luque
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier R Caso
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, UCM, Madrid, Spain.,IIS Hospital 12 de Octubre, IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Faya
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Service, Child Hospital Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gutierrez
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Service, Child Hospital Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Soto
- IIS Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres Pemau
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Carrasco-Diaz
- Education and Psychology Faculty, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, UCM, Madrid, Spain.,IIS Hospital 12 de Octubre, IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Graell
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Service, Child Hospital Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Carrasco
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,IIS Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Castro TF, Miller K, Araújo MX, Brandão I, Torres S. Emotional processing in recovered anorexia nervosa patients: A 15 year longitudinal study. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2021; 29:955-968. [PMID: 34472158 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This 15 years longitudinal study aimed to examine whether difficulties in cognitive processing of emotions persisted after long-term recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN), and its link to anxiety and depression. METHOD Twenty-four females, who were tested longitudinally during their acute and recovered AN phases, and 24 healthy control (HC) women, were screened for anxiety, depression, alexithymia, emotion regulation difficulties (ER; only assessed in recovery phase), and completed an experimental task to analyse emotional experience. RESULTS In spite of significant improvement in alexithymia, anxiety, and depression with AN recovery, some emotion functioning difficulties did not normalize. The occurrence of comorbid anxiety and depression explained the reduced ability to identify, understand, and accept emotions in long-term recovery (relative to controls), but not the increased global difficulty in using ER strategies, which revealed a more stable nature of deficit. With recovery, negative emotions linked to situations addressing food and body weight are felt more intensely. CONCLUSIONS Managing emotions, especially the negative ones, remains a challenge for individuals recovered from AN. Under this circumstance, maladaptive eating behaviour can serve as an affect regulatory function, increasing the risk of relapse. Emotional education is an important avenue in protecting long-term AN relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Fontão Castro
- Department of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kylee Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Development and Rehabilitation Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Maria Xavier Araújo
- Department of Psychology and Education, University Portucalense, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Psychology, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Brandão
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Torres
- Department of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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